CN106637673A - 一种非织布的加工工艺 - Google Patents

一种非织布的加工工艺 Download PDF

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CN106637673A
CN106637673A CN201611222681.1A CN201611222681A CN106637673A CN 106637673 A CN106637673 A CN 106637673A CN 201611222681 A CN201611222681 A CN 201611222681A CN 106637673 A CN106637673 A CN 106637673A
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nonwoven fabric
processing technology
polyester fiber
fibre
pet
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CN106637673B (zh
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黄晓光
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Jiaxing Gorgeous Non Woven Products Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种非织布的加工工艺，解决现有干法制备的非织布表面容易鼓起，容易被撕裂的问题。技术方案一种非织布的加工工艺，包括如下步骤：混合制网、高速铺网、热烫、压轧、印花收卷得到产品，使用低熔点聚酯纤维作为粘接剂，粘接于各层纤网结构之间，提高纤网结构层之间的连接结构，具有能够防止非织布表面鼓起、被撕裂的优点，同时本发明相对于传统的湿法制造，能够降低污染物的生成，具有环保的特点。

Description

一种非织布的加工工艺
技术领域
本发明涉及非织布制造技术领域，特别涉及一种非织布的加工工艺。
背景技术
非织布是一种不使用纺纱机织布而形成的织物，只是将纺织短纤维或者长丝按照一定规律或直接随机排列，形成纤网结构，然后采用机械、热粘或化学等方法加固而成。它直接利用高聚物切片、短纤维或长丝通过各种纤网成形方法和固结技术形成的具有柔软、透气和平面结构的新型纤维制品。
公开号为CN102899806A的发明专利公开了一种生产电气用聚酯非织布的加工工艺，其具体步骤为：聚酯纤维初开松、精开松、混棉、振动给棉、预梳、高速辅网、多辊牵伸、主梳、热轧和收卷成型；其中，先采用梳理机进行预梳，将其聚酯纤维的纵向纤维的杂质去除；后经过多辊牵伸工艺，将其纤维进行拉直，防止出现卷曲现象；然后再采用梳理机进一步地进行主梳，去除短绒。
对聚酯纤维进行预梳步骤形成纤网结构，采用机械设备进行高速铺网使得纤网结构叠加多层，在对叠加的多层纤网结构进行热轧加固后，使得层与层之间贴合得到非织布，但是由多层纤网结构得到的非织布因为层与层之间的结合力度小，非织布表面容易鼓起，具有容易被撕裂的缺点。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种非织布的加工工艺，加工制造得到的非织布表面趋于平整，鼓起和起皱少、抗撕裂能力强。
本发明的上述技术目的是通过以下技术方案得以实现的：一种非织布的加工工艺，包括如下步骤：步骤S1，混合制网，将普通聚酯纤维与低熔点聚酯纤维混合梳理形成纤网结构；步骤S2，高速铺网，使用交叉铺网机，使得纤网结构堆叠起4～6层；步骤S3，热熔，对纤网结构进行加热，实现低熔点聚酯纤维的熔解得到纤网熔融结构；步骤S4，压轧，对步骤S3中的纤网熔融结构进行压轧处理得到非织布；步骤S5，印花收卷，将步骤S4中的非织布在转移印花设备上，用190℃～210℃条件进行印花加工。
通过上述技术方案，将普通聚酯纤维与低熔点聚酯纤维混合形成纤网结构堆叠成4至6层，然后送入至高温体系中，低熔点聚酯纤维在高温下能够熔化为熔融状态，此状态下低熔点聚酯纤维具有粘结性，可以对各层纤网结构进行粘接，再进入到步骤S4中进行压轧操作，最能够得到非织布，该非织布内部组织连接结构强度高，抗撕裂能力强，并且非织布表面趋于平整，鼓起和起皱少。
本发明进一步的：所述步骤S3中，采用吹风装置垂直向纤网结构表面进行吹风操作。
通过上述技术方案，吹风装置垂直向纤网结构表面吹风，可以提高环境中空气的流动性，普通聚酯纤维与低熔点聚酯纤维的纤网结构并不是一个致密的体系，热空气能够进入到纤网结构的层与层之间，因此可以热烫时的热量传入到纤网结构的各层之间，从而达到位于中心位置的低熔点聚酯纤维能够快速升至熔点熔化，降低熔解所需的时间，减少在高温下破坏对纤网结构其他组织的破坏。
本发明进一步的：所述低熔点聚酯纤维为共聚PET，所述共聚PET的熔点180℃；所述步骤S3中，在180℃～200℃的环境下对纤网结构进行加热。
通过上述技术方案，PET的熔点为260℃左右，通过对其改性得到共聚PET，其熔点降低到180℃，因此在180℃到200℃条件下可以熔解，熔融状态下的共聚PET具有粘性，可以将多层纤网结构粘接在一起，提高各层纤网结构之间的连接强度，在外力作用下，非织布不容易被撕裂，以及鼓起和起皱。
本发明进一步的：所述步骤印花设备在197℃下进行印花。
通过上述技术方案，在197℃环境下对非织布进行印花，其能够在非织布上印上花纹的目的，同时在该温度下，共聚PET会发生小部分熔接解，但是依旧能够将纤网结构粘接在一起，非织布具有一定的结构，达到防止非织布起皱的目的。
本发明进一步的：所述低熔点聚酯纤维为皮芯结构的共聚PET/PET，所述皮芯结构包括内芯和包裹在内芯外侧外皮，所述内芯为PET，所述外皮为共聚PET。
通过上述技术方案，外皮共聚PET部分能够在180℃到200℃条件下熔解，实现将各层纤网结构连接起来，而当外皮熔解后，裸露出的内芯PET能够与各层之间发生相互融合，PET存在于非织布内，提高非织布的韧性，达到非织布不容易被撕裂的目的。
本发明进一步的：所述皮芯结构外侧包裹有涤纶纤维。
通过上述技术方案，涤纶具有极优良的定形性能。涤纶纱线或织物经过定形后生成的平挺、蓬松形态或褶裥等，在使用中经多次洗涤，仍能经久不变。
综上所述：本发明具有下优点：其一为采用皮芯结构共聚PET/PET使得在180℃下就能达到熔融状态，此状态下低熔点聚酯纤维具有粘结性，可以对各层纤网结构进行粘接，再进入到步骤S4中进行压轧操作，最能够得到非织布，在该温度下不会对普通聚酯纤维内组织造成破坏；其二为印花过程中，在197℃条件下，难以造成皮芯结构共聚PET/PET的熔解，虽然会熔解部分但是不会影响印花。
具体实施方式
以下对本发明作进一步详细说明。
实施例1：一种非织布的加工工艺，
步骤S1，混合制网，使用纤维混合机对普通聚酯纤维与低熔点聚酯纤维混合形成纤网结构；
步骤S2，高速铺网，使用交叉铺网机对步骤S1中的纤网结构进行摆动操作，使得纤网结构堆叠起4层；
步骤S3，热烫，将纤网结构传送至热熔机中进行加热，加热温度为260℃，使得低熔点聚酯纤维熔解在4层普通聚酯纤维纤网结构之间得到纤网熔融结构；
步骤S4，压轧，对步骤S3中的纤网熔融结构传送入轧光机中在室温下进行压轧处理得到非织布；
步骤S5，印花收卷，将步骤S4中的非织布转移到印花设备上，在190℃温度条件下进行印花。
实施例2：一种非织布的加工工艺，与实施例1的不同处在于：步骤S1中低熔点聚酯纤维采用共聚PET；同时步骤S3中的纤网结构在180℃进行加热，即：步骤S1，混合制网，使用纤维混合机对共聚PET与普通聚酯纤维混合形成纤网结构；步骤S3，热烫，将纤网结构传送至热熔机中进行加热，加热温度为180℃，使得PET纤维熔解在4层普通聚酯纤维纤网结构之间得到纤网熔融结构；其余步骤与实施例1均相同。
实施例3：一种非织布的加工工艺，与实施例2的不同处在于：步骤S3中，采用吹风装置垂直向纤网结构表面进行吹风操作；同时步骤S5中印花处理温度为200℃，即：步骤S3，热烫，将纤网结构传送至热熔机中进行加热，加热温度为180℃，同时采用吹风装置垂直向纤网结构表面进行吹风操作，使得低熔点聚酯纤维熔解在4层普通聚酯纤维纤网结构之间得到纤网熔融结构；步骤S5，印花收卷，将步骤S4中的非织布转移到印花设备上，在200℃温度条件下进行印花，其余步骤与实施例2均相同。
实施例4：一种非织布的加工工艺，与实施例3的不同处在于：步骤S1中低熔点聚酯纤维采用皮芯结构的共聚PET/PET，即：步骤S1，混合制网，使用纤维混合机对共聚PET/PET与普通聚酯纤维混合形成纤网结构；其余步骤与实施例S3均相同。
实施例5：一种非织布的加工工艺，与实施例4的不同处在于：步骤S5中印花处理温度为197℃，即：步骤S5，印花收卷，将步骤S4中的非织布转移到印花设备上，在197℃温度条件下进行印花，其余步骤与实施例S4均相同。
实施例6：一种非织布的加工工艺，与实施例5的不同处在于：步骤S1中低熔点聚酯纤维采用皮芯结构的PE/PP纤维，即：步骤S1，混合制网，使用纤维混合机对PE/PP纤维与普通聚酯纤维混合形成纤网结构；其余步骤与实施例S5均相同。
实施例7：一种非织布的加工工艺，与实施例5的不同处在于：所述皮芯结构的内芯中添加有纳米二氧化钛颗粒，即：步骤S1，混合制网，使用纤维混合机对共聚PET/PET与普通聚酯纤维混合形成纤网结构，其中皮芯结构的内芯中添加有纳米二氧化钛颗粒；其余步骤与实施例S5均相同。
实施例8：一种非织布的加工工艺，与实施例7的不同处在于：所述皮芯结构外侧包裹有涤纶纤维，即：步骤S1，混合制网，使用纤维混合机对共聚PET/PET与普通聚酯纤维混合形成纤网结构，其中外皮外侧包覆有涤纶纤维，皮芯结构的内芯中添加有纳米二氧化钛颗粒；其余步骤与实施例S7均相同。
产物性能表征一，撕破强力测试，剪去实施例1至9的非织布产品10cm*10cm试样，夹紧在撕破强力仪上，中间切一切口以确定撕破方向，撕破强力仪采用摆锤下降方式将试样从切口处撕破，记录从切口处撕破时所用的力，记录结果如表格1所示；
产物性能表征二，接缝滑移，剪去实施例1至9的非织布产品10cm*10cm试样折叠后，沿宽度方向缝线，离缝线一定距离剪开后，使用拉伸强力施加恒定的作用力拉伸至5cm的缝线开口所用的时间，记录结果如表格1所示；
产物性能表征二，外观稳定性，采用水洗机对实施例1至9的非织布产品10cm*10cm试样进行测试，外观稳定性(以起皱程度作为参考)制定≤100级，100级为起皱最严重，记录结果如表格1所示。上述产物性能表征一至三均重复实验三组，计算各组的性能值的标准差。
表格1：一种非织布的加工工艺的性能参数(撕破强力、接缝滑移和外观稳定性)
本具体实施例仅仅是对本发明的解释，其并不是对本发明的限制，本领域技术人员在阅读完本说明书后可以根据需要对本实施例做出没有创造性贡献的修改，但只要在本发明的权利要求范围内都受到专利法的保护。

Claims (6)

1.一种非织布的加工工艺，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：步骤S1，混合制网，将普通聚酯纤维与低熔点聚酯纤维混合梳理形成纤网结构；步骤S2，高速铺网，使用交叉铺网机，使得纤网结构堆叠起4~6层；步骤S3，热熔，对纤网结构进行加热，实现低熔点聚酯纤维的熔解得到纤网熔融结构；步骤S4，压轧，对步骤S3中的纤网熔融结构进行压轧处理得到非织布；步骤S5，印花收卷，将步骤S4中的非织布在转移印花设备上，用190℃~210℃条件进行印花加工。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种非织布的加工工艺，所述步骤S3中，采用吹风装置垂直向纤网结构表面进行吹风操作。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种非织布的加工工艺，所述低熔点聚酯纤维为共聚PET,所述共聚PET的熔点180℃；所述步骤S3中，在180℃~200℃的环境下对纤网结构进行加热。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种非织布的加工工艺，所述步骤印花设备在197℃下进行印花。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种非织布的加工工艺，所述低熔点聚酯纤维为皮芯结构的共聚PET/PET，所述皮芯结构包括内芯和包裹在内芯外侧外皮，所述内芯为PET，所述外皮为共聚PET。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种非织布的加工工艺，所述皮芯结构外侧包裹有涤纶纤维。
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