CN106637058B - 一种奥氏体不锈钢的低温气体渗氮方法 - Google Patents

一种奥氏体不锈钢的低温气体渗氮方法 Download PDF

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CN106637058B
CN106637058B CN201611193541.6A CN201611193541A CN106637058B CN 106637058 B CN106637058 B CN 106637058B CN 201611193541 A CN201611193541 A CN 201611193541A CN 106637058 B CN106637058 B CN 106637058B
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孙振田
马飞
孙金全
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China National Academy Of Machinery Group Qingdao Branch Co ltd
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    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
    • C23C8/08—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases only one element being applied
    • C23C8/24—Nitriding
    • C23C8/26—Nitriding of ferrous surfaces
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C8/80—After-treatment
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    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/005—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing rare earths, i.e. Sc, Y, Lanthanides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/48—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with niobium or tantalum
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/58—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese

Abstract

本发明公开了一种奥氏体不锈钢的低温气体渗氮方法，包括奥氏体不锈钢工件进行表面钝化膜处理；奥氏体不锈钢放入渗氮炉中，抽真空通入渗氮气体，加热渗氮炉开始渗氮处理，所述的渗氮处理具体包括高温低浓度渗氮，低温低浓度渗氮，低温高浓度渗氮，缓冷等步骤，本发明实现了氮原子从表层到内部的均匀化分布。

Description

一种奥氏体不锈钢的低温气体渗氮方法
技术领域
本发明属于材料表面处理技术领域，尤其是涉及一种奥氏体不锈钢的低温气体渗氮方法。
背景技术
奥氏体不锈钢，是指在常温下具有奥氏体组织的不锈钢。钢中含Cr约18％、Ni 8％～25％、C约0.1％时，具有稳定的奥氏体组织。奥氏体不锈钢无磁性而且具有优良的力学性能、高韧性和塑性，可加工性以及抗腐蚀性强，被广泛应用于化工、汽车、机械、海运及海洋构件等领域；但奥氏体不锈钢缺点是由于含碳量极低，导致表面强度和硬度较低，抗磨损性能、抗疲劳性能低，且不可能通过相变使之强化，严重影响奥氏体不锈钢的使用范围，或是大幅度降低零工件的使用寿命。
渗氮是常见的对金属表面进行强化处理的方法，在一定温度下一定介质中使氮原子渗入工件表层的化学热处理工艺。常见有液体渗氮、气体渗氮、离子渗氮。传统的气体渗氮是把工件放入密封容器中，通以流动的氨气并加热，保温较长时间后，氨气热分解产生活性氮原子，不断吸附到工件表面，并扩散渗入工件表层内，从而改变表层的化学成分和组织，获得优良的表面性能。但目前的渗氮工艺中，一般采用一段式或两段式加热方法渗氮，渗氮气体浓度基本保持恒定，但发明人从机理出发，经研究发现，由于渗氮需要在表面到内部形成一定厚度的渗氮层，并且渗氮层的硬度值与该处渗氮层的氮含量密切相关，而材料的内部结合力又与渗氮层的硬度变化趋势有关，因而期望得到一种由内向外，渗氮量均匀增长且合理分布的梯度变化，既能保证材料的硬度和韧性保持合理的平衡，又使材料的硬度保持合理的变化。
发明内容
为解决上述技术问题，本发明提供了一种奥氏体不锈钢的低温气体渗氮方法。采取升温和扩散保持合理的关系，使沿材料中心方向渗氮量均匀增长且合理分布。
本发明完整的技术方案包括：
一种奥氏体不锈钢的低温气体渗氮方法，包括如下步骤：
1)将奥氏体不锈钢工件进行表面钝化膜处理；
2)将奥氏体不锈钢放入渗氮炉中，抽真空到10-3Pa；
3)通入渗氮气体，加热渗氮炉开始渗氮处理，所述的渗氮处理具体包括：
3.1高温低浓度渗氮，在560-600℃下，经第一管路通入氨气，所述第一管路不含有催渗剂，所述氨气的流量为800ml/min,氨气分解率为20-30％，保温8-10h；
3.2低温低浓度渗氮，在400-450℃下，经第一管路通入氨气，所述氨气的流量为1200ml/min，氨气分解率为10-15％，保温3-6h；
3.3低温高浓度渗氮，在400-450℃下，经第二管路通入氨气，所述第二管路含有稀土催渗剂，氨气的流量为1800ml/min，氨气分解率为40-50％，保温1-2h；
3.4将渗氮后的不锈钢工件置于缓冷坑中，静置48-72h。
本发明相对于现有技术的优点在于：首先高温低浓度渗氮，使活性氮原子在浓度较低情况下，借由高温实现从表面到内部的充分扩散，以达到深度大，浓度低的氮分布，随后采用低温低浓度渗氮，保证表层氮原子浓度不再显著提高前提下，进一步向内部扩散，随后低温高浓度渗氮，采用催渗剂催渗，显著提高氨气分解率，使表面形成氮原子富集，增加表面硬度，最后采用长时间缓冷的方式，使得从表层到内部的均匀化分布。
附图说明
图1为按本发明处理的奥氏体不锈钢硬度及硬度分布示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明做进一步说明。
选择奥氏体不锈钢的组分为Cr：22.3％～26.5％；Ni：6％～9％；Mo：0.3％～0.8％；C：0.02-0.06％；Mn：4％～7％；Si：1.0％～1.2％；N：0.05％～0.15％；La：0.011％-0.015％；Sr：0.009％-0.011％；Nb：0.1～0.8％；P≤0.02％，S≤0.02％；余量为铁和杂质。
上述组分是我院为特别为用于海运船舶的水泵、齿轮、管道、阀门等工件构件设计的不锈钢，采用了较低的Si含量，以降低钢的脆性，提高塑性和韧性，由于在渗氮时表面生成Cr的碳化物，导致渗氮后表面Cr含量降低，难以再次形成钝化膜，因而适当调高Cr含量，有利于提高抗腐蚀性，La和Sr均为晶粒细化剂，其中La已经被用于奥氏体不锈钢中，而Sr之前通常被用于铝合金的晶粒细化中，此次在加入La的基础上增加了Sr，发现晶粒细化效果比单加La有所提高。
将上述组分的不锈钢经熔炼，浇注得到铸锭，经锻造或挤压加工工艺后得到奥氏体不锈钢工件，随后进行两段式渗氮处理，具体工艺为：
一种奥氏体不锈钢的低温气体渗氮方法，包括如下步骤：
1)将奥氏体不锈钢工件进行表面钝化膜处理；
2)将奥氏体不锈钢放入渗氮炉中，抽真空到10-3Pa；
1)通入渗氮气体，加热渗氮炉开始渗氮处理，所述的渗氮处理具体包括：
3.1高温低浓度渗氮，在560-600℃下，经第一管路通入氨气，所述第一管路不含有催渗剂，所述氨气的流量为800ml/min,氨气分解率为20-30％，保温8-10h；
3.2低温低浓度渗氮，在400-450℃下，经第一管路通入氨气，所述氨气的流量为1200ml/min，氨气分解率为10-15％，保温3-6h；
3.3低温高浓度渗氮，在400-450℃下，经第二管路通入氨气，所述第二管路含有稀土催渗剂，氨气的流量为1800ml/min，氨气分解率为40-50％，保温1-2h；
3.4将渗氮后的不锈钢工件置于缓冷坑中，静置48-72h。
将渗氮后的不锈钢制成试样，采用显微硬度计检测随炉试样的表面硬度和硬度梯度分布，结果如图1所示，经过常规渗氮处理的不锈钢渗碳层表面硬度为1085HV，渗氮厚度为60μm左右，且从表面到中心分布不均匀。而经过本发明采用三段式变温变浓度渗氮处理的奥氏体不锈钢渗碳层厚度达到60μm，表面硬度达到1075HV，且从表层到中心的分布比较平滑，避免了硬度剧烈变化带来的问题。
以上所述，仅是本发明的较佳实施例，并非对本发明作任何限制，凡是根据本发明技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何简单修改、变更以及等效结构变化，均仍属于本发明技术方案的保护范围内。

Claims (1)

1.一种奥氏体不锈钢的低温气体渗氮方法，包括如下步骤：
1)将奥氏体不锈钢工件进行表面钝化膜处理；
2)将奥氏体不锈钢放入渗氮炉中，抽真空到10-3Pa；
3)通入渗氮气体，加热渗氮炉开始渗氮处理，所述的渗氮处理具体包括：
3.1高温低浓度渗氮，在560-600℃下，经第一管路通入氨气，所述第一管路不含有催渗剂，所述氨气的流量为800mL /min,氨气分解率为20-30％，保温8-10h；
3.2低温低浓度渗氮，在400-450℃下，经第一管路通入氨气，所述氨气的流量为1200mL/min，氨气分解率为10-15％，保温3-6h；
3.3低温高浓度渗氮，在400-450℃下，经第二管路通入氨气，所述第二管路含有稀土催渗剂，氨气的流量为1800mL /min，氨气分解率为40-50％，保温1-2h；
3.4将渗氮后的不锈钢工件置于缓冷坑中，静置48-72h。
CN201611193541.6A 2016-12-21 2016-12-21 一种奥氏体不锈钢的低温气体渗氮方法 Active CN106637058B (zh)

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Address after: 266000 south head of Huiying street, Jiaozhou economic and Technological Development Zone, Qingdao City, Shandong Province

Patentee after: China National Academy of Machinery Group Qingdao Branch Co.,Ltd.

Address before: 266000 south head of Huiying street, Jiaozhou economic and Technological Development Zone, Qingdao City, Shandong Province

Patentee before: Qingdao Branch Co., Ltd. of Mechanical Science Research Institute