CN106632943B - 一种三羟端基扩链剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种三羟端基扩链剂及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN106632943B
CN106632943B CN201610874661.6A CN201610874661A CN106632943B CN 106632943 B CN106632943 B CN 106632943B CN 201610874661 A CN201610874661 A CN 201610874661A CN 106632943 B CN106632943 B CN 106632943B
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易昌凤
田军
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Wuhan Shiquanxing New Material Technology Co., Ltd
Wuhan Shiquanxing Polyurethane Technology Co.,Ltd.
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    • C08G18/00Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
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    • C07C229/06Compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino and carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated having only one amino and one carboxyl group bound to the carbon skeleton
    • C07C229/10Compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino and carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated having only one amino and one carboxyl group bound to the carbon skeleton the nitrogen atom of the amino group being further bound to acyclic carbon atoms or to carbon atoms of rings other than six-membered aromatic rings
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Abstract

本发明属于化工产品领域,主要涉及一种三羟端基扩链剂及其制备方法,所述扩链剂是丙烯酸羟乙酯与乙醇胺在有机溶剂中发生反应制成,具有如下化学结构:本申请的扩链剂,原料来源广,制备简单,成本低廉,易于工业化;产物具有良好的水溶性,环境污染小,可直接应用于聚酯和聚氨酯树脂合成等方面,增加其产物的相对分子质量和支化度。

Description

一种三羟端基扩链剂及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于化工产品领域,主要涉及一种三羟端基扩链剂及其制备方法,以及该扩链剂在聚酯和聚氨酯材料领域的应用。
背景技术
利用普通的缩聚反应合成聚酯和聚氨酯,一般产物达不到预期的相对分子质量。虽然可以采用固相聚合进一步提高产物的分子量,但反应温度过高,操作繁琐,成本较高。因此,作为提高产物相对分子质量的重要方法之一,在反应体系中加入扩链剂,可以快速完成提高产物相对分子质量。
目前,扩链剂已经成为聚酯和聚氨酯合成中必要的试剂,研发一种既可提高聚酯和聚氨酯材料相对分子质量又可提高其性能的新型扩链剂,已成为该领域研究的重点之一。扩链剂是含多羟基官能团或者多氨基官能团的分子质量较小的醇类或者氨类化合物,其反应活性比较活泼,能够有效的调节体系的反应速率,并且使反应体系快速进行交联,提高其粘度,进一步提高产物的相对分子量和支化度,从而改善其性能。
目前,应用于聚酯和聚氨酯合成的扩链剂主要是1,4-丁二醇,乙二胺等二官能团的化合物,以及三羟甲基丙烷(TMP),季戊四醇等以碳为核心的多官能团化合物。但这些扩链剂制备方法复杂,合成成本较高。因此,有待于研究一类新型的、经济高效的以及合成简单的扩链剂。
发明内容:
为解决上述技术目的,本发明提供一种三羟端基扩链剂及其制备方法,其制作过程简单,并能有效降低聚酯和聚氨酯树脂的合成成本,简化其合成过程。
为实现上述技术目的,本发明采取的具体的技术方案为,一种三羟端基扩链剂,所述扩链剂具有如下化学结构:
作为本发明改进的技术方案,所述扩链剂是丙烯酸羟乙酯与乙醇胺在有机溶剂中发生反应制成。
作为本发明改进的技术方案,所述乙醇胺与丙烯酸羟乙酯的摩尔比为1:(2~2.2)。
作为本发明改进的技术方案,所述有机溶剂为丙酮、甲醇或者乙醇。
作为本发明改进的技术方案,所述三羟端基扩链剂可应用于聚酯的合成与聚氨酯的合成。
本发明的另一目的是提供一种三羟端基扩链剂的制备方法,包括如下步骤:S1、将丙烯酸羟乙酯溶于有机溶剂中,得到丙烯酸羟乙酯溶液;S2、在氮气的保护下,将乙醇胺逐滴加入丙烯酸羟乙酯溶液中,在40~50℃下,磁力搅拌反应7~8小时;S3、在90~95℃下抽真空蒸馏除去有机溶剂和过量的丙烯酸羟乙酯,即得到三羟端基扩链剂;其中,所述乙醇胺与丙烯酸羟乙酯的摩尔比为1:(2~2.2)。
有益效果
本发明的扩链剂具有三个位于不同平面的羟基,在用于聚酯合成与聚氨酯合成时,能增加聚酯或聚氨酯的相对分子质量和支化度,并能够改善现有聚酯或者聚氨酯的结构与性能;同时扩链剂中同时含有酯基、羟基使得扩链剂能溶于各类有机溶剂中,也使得采用本文中扩链剂所制备的聚酯或聚氨酯能溶于大多数有机溶剂中,有效改善现有技术中聚氨酯或聚酯只能采用特定的有机溶剂溶解的情况。
本发明扩链剂制备原料来源广、价格便宜、毒性较低,且制备方法简单,能通过Michael加成反应一步得到产物,易于工业化;且制备过程副产物少,制备过程回收的溶剂或者原料可以直接重复利用,也可进行简单的分离后重复利用。
附图说明
附图1本发明一种三羟端基扩链剂的红外光图谱。
具体实施方式
为使本发明实施例的目的和技术方案更加清楚,下面将结合本发明实施例,对本发明的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。显然,所描述的实施例是本发明的一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于所描述的本发明的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在无需创造性劳动的前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
本发明三羟端基扩链剂的合成方法包括以下步骤:
1)将丙烯酸羟乙酯溶于有机溶剂中,得到丙烯酸羟乙酯溶液;
(2)在氮气的保护下,缓慢将乙醇胺滴加到上述丙烯酸羟乙酯溶液中,在40~50℃下,磁力搅拌反应7~8小时;
(3)在90~95℃下抽真空除去有机溶剂和过量的丙烯酸羟乙酯,即得到三羟端基扩链剂;其中,所加入的乙醇胺和丙烯酸羟乙酯的摩尔比为1:(2~2.2)。在本申请中,该扩链剂的化学命名为N—羟乙基—N,N—丙酸羟乙酯,其化学结构为:
其中所述有机溶剂为丙酮、甲醇或者乙醇。
实施例1:
(1)称取0.1mol丙烯酸羟乙酯溶于20mL丙酮中,得到透明溶液;
(2)在氮气的保护下,缓慢将0.05mol乙醇胺滴加到上述丙烯酸羟乙酯丙酮溶液中,并在40℃下,磁力搅拌反应7小时;
(3)在90℃下抽真空蒸馏除去丙酮和过量的丙烯酸羟乙酯,即得到三羟端基扩链剂;其中,所加入的乙醇胺和丙烯酸羟乙酯的摩尔比为1:2。
实施例2:
(1)称取0.1mol丙烯酸羟乙酯溶于20mL甲醇中,得到透明溶液;
(2)在氮气的保护下,缓慢将0.05mol乙醇胺滴加到上述丙烯酸羟乙酯甲醇溶液中,在50℃下,磁力搅拌反应8小时;
(3)在95℃下抽真空蒸馏除去甲醇和过量的丙烯酸羟乙酯,即得到三羟端基扩链剂;其中,所加入的乙醇胺和丙烯酸羟乙酯的摩尔比为1:2。
实施例3:
(1)称取0.105mol丙烯酸羟乙酯溶于20mL乙醇中,得到透明溶液;
(2)在氮气的保护下,缓慢滴加0.05mol乙醇胺到上述丙烯酸羟乙酯的乙醇溶液中,在50℃下,磁力搅拌反应7.5小时;
(3)在93℃下抽真空蒸馏除去乙醇和过量的丙烯酸羟乙酯,即得到三羟端基扩链剂;其中,所加入的乙醇胺和丙烯酸羟乙酯的摩尔比为1:2.1。
实施例4:
(1)称取0.110mol丙烯酸羟乙酯溶于20mL丙酮中,得到透明溶液;
(2)在氮气的保护下,缓慢将0.05mol乙醇胺滴加到上述丙烯酸羟乙酯丙酮溶液中,在50℃下,磁力搅拌反应7.2小时;
(3)在91℃下抽真空蒸馏除去丙酮和过量的丙烯酸羟乙酯,即得到三羟端基扩链剂;其中,所加入的乙醇胺和丙烯酸羟乙酯的摩尔比为1:2.2。
图1为本发明三羟基端基扩链剂及其原料的红外光图谱,其中a为丙烯酸羟乙酯,b为乙醇胺,c为N—羟乙基—N,N—丙酸羟乙酯。在c图中,1642cm-1处的碳-碳双键伸缩振动峰消失,说明双键和NH2发生反应。3400cm-1处出现较宽的O-H伸缩振动吸收峰,2925cm-1、2886cm-1处是CH2的伸缩振动吸收峰。以上分析可以初步推断产物是N—羟乙基—N,N—丙酸羟乙酯,即本发明的三羟端基扩链剂。
本发明制备的三羟端基扩链剂可以直接应用于聚酯和聚氨酯材料领域,也可以作为功能单体和交联剂等。
以上仅为本发明的实施方式,其描述较为具体和详细,但并不能因此而理解为对本发明专利范围的限制。应当指出的是,对于本领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明构思的前提下,还可以做出若干变形和改进,这些均属于本发明的保护范围。

Claims (5)

1.一种三羟端基扩链剂,其特征在于,所述扩链剂具有如下化学结构:
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种三羟端基扩链剂,其特征在于,所述扩链剂是丙烯酸羟乙酯与乙醇胺在有机溶剂中发生反应制成。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种三羟端基扩链剂,其特征在于,所述乙醇胺与丙烯酸羟乙酯的摩尔比为1:(2~2.2)。
4.根据权利要求2所述的一种三羟端基扩链剂,其特征在于,所述有机溶剂为丙酮、甲醇或者乙醇。
5.一种如权利要求1所述的三羟端基扩链剂的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:S1、将丙烯酸羟乙酯溶于有机溶剂中,得到丙烯酸羟乙酯溶液;S2、在氮气的保护下,将乙醇胺逐滴加入丙烯酸羟乙酯溶液中,在40~50℃下,磁力搅拌反应7~8小时;S3、在90~95℃下抽真空蒸馏除去有机溶剂和过量的丙烯酸羟乙酯,即得到三羟端基扩链剂;其中,所述乙醇胺与丙烯酸羟乙酯的摩尔比为1:(2~2.2)。
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