CN106631286B - Phosphorus-rich high-efficiency compost product prepared by biological phosphorus accumulation and method thereof - Google Patents
Phosphorus-rich high-efficiency compost product prepared by biological phosphorus accumulation and method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN106631286B CN106631286B CN201710028415.3A CN201710028415A CN106631286B CN 106631286 B CN106631286 B CN 106631286B CN 201710028415 A CN201710028415 A CN 201710028415A CN 106631286 B CN106631286 B CN 106631286B
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- C05B13/00—Fertilisers produced by pyrogenic processes from phosphatic materials
- C05B13/02—Fertilisers produced by pyrogenic processes from phosphatic materials from rock phosphates
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Abstract
The invention discloses a phosphorus-rich efficient compost product prepared by biological phosphorus accumulation and a method thereof, and relates to the field of organic solid waste recycling. The method for preparing the phosphorus-rich high-efficiency compost product by biological phosphorus accumulation comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing organic solid waste with a phosphate solubilizing bacteria composite microbial inoculum, phosphate rock powder and biochar, and then carrying out aerobic composting treatment; step two, when the aerobic composting is carried out to a cooling period, namely the temperature is reduced to 45-50 ℃, adding the phosphate solubilizing bacteria compound bacteria agent again, stirring and mixing uniformly; and step three, inoculating a phosphorus accumulating bacterium composite microbial inoculum when the aerobic composting is carried out to be close to the rotten stage, namely the temperature is reduced and maintained at 40 +/-2 ℃, and finally obtaining a phosphorus-rich compost product. The invention utilizes the microbial inoculum to effectively solve the problems of weak phosphorus supply capability and low phosphorus utilization of phosphorus fertilizer products in the prior art, and is beneficial to realizing the resource utilization of organic solid waste compost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of organic solid waste recycling, in particular to a phosphorus-rich efficient compost product prepared by biological phosphorus accumulation and a method thereof.
Background
Phosphorus is one of essential nutrient elements for plant growth, and the phosphorus content of soil is increased mainly by applying inorganic phosphate fertilizer in agricultural production to meet the requirements of crops; the ground phosphate rock is used as a main raw material for producing the inorganic phosphate fertilizer, and the storage capacity on the earth is less than 20 percent due to excessive exploitation, so that the shortage of the ground phosphate rock, namely the crisis of phosphorus, can influence and threaten the future global grain safety, and how to improve the utilization efficiency of the ground phosphate rock and develop a novel long-acting phosphate fertilizer is always the key point of research in agricultural production.
The composting method is an adjustable biodegradation process, organic solid wastes such as household garbage, crop residues, livestock and poultry manure and the like contain rich phosphorus elements, and the composting method is used for treating the organic solid wastes, so that not only can a potential phosphate fertilizer be generated, but also the resource crisis of phosphate rock be relieved, the organic solid wastes can be effectively treated, and the environmental pollution caused by improper treatment can be reduced. In addition, in the composting production, low-grade phosphate rock powder and organic waste are often mixed for composting so as to improve the phosphorus supply capacity, organic fertility and quality of compost products, but the total phosphorus content in the compost products is often improved, but the available phosphorus content is not improved.
The phosphate solubilizing bacteria are a kind of functional microorganisms commonly existing in soil rhizosphere, and can decompose inorganic phosphorus and organic phosphorus which are insoluble, i.e. difficult to utilize into soluble phosphate or absorb the soluble phosphate into cells, so that the utilization efficiency of the phosphorus is improved. Although the composting process is rich in abundant microorganisms including a part of phosphate solubilizing bacteria, the microorganisms with the functions of indigenous phosphate solubilizing bacteria and the like are difficult to effectively play a role for a long time in consideration of the complex environment in the composting process, so that a method for improving the utilization of phosphorus in the phosphate rock powder, comprehensively playing the functions of the phosphate solubilizing bacteria and preparing a real phosphate-rich high-efficiency composting product is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for preparing a phosphorus-rich high-efficiency compost product by biological phosphorus accumulation, which aims to solve the problem that the content of available phosphorus in the compost product is not effectively improved in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is implemented as follows: a method for preparing a phosphorus-rich high-efficiency compost product by biological phosphorus accumulation comprises the following steps:
uniformly mixing organic solid waste with a phosphate solubilizing bacteria composite microbial inoculum, phosphate rock powder and biochar, and then carrying out aerobic composting treatment, wherein the phosphate rock powder, the biochar and the phosphorus accumulating bacteria composite microbial inoculum respectively account for 5-10%, 5-15% and 1-5% of the organic solid waste in dry weight ratio;
step two, when the aerobic composting is carried out to a cooling period, namely the temperature is reduced to 45-50 ℃, adding the phosphate solubilizing bacteria composite microbial inoculum again, stirring and mixing uniformly, wherein the adding proportion of the phosphate solubilizing bacteria composite microbial inoculum is 0.5-3% of the dry weight of the aerobic composting material;
and step three, inoculating a phosphorus accumulating bacterium composite microbial inoculum when the aerobic composting is carried out to be close to the rotten stage, namely the temperature is reduced and maintained at 40 +/-2 ℃, and finally obtaining a phosphorus-rich compost product.
In the first step, the organic solid waste is degradable organic solid waste, and comprises livestock and poultry manure, household garbage, kitchen garbage, garden garbage, fruit and vegetable garbage and straws.
Furthermore, the phosphate solubilizing bacteria composite microbial inoculum comprises 30-35% of bacillus, 15-20% of pseudomonas, 5-10% of Weissella, 5-10% of Cladosporium, 10-15% of corynebacterium, 5-10% of enterococcus, 10-15% of Klebsiella and 5-10% of streptomyces by weight.
Further, in the first step, the water content of the aerobic composting material is 60-70%, and the carbon-nitrogen ratio is 25-30; and (3) placing the aerobic composting material obtained in the step one in an outdoor ventilation condition for aerobic composting.
Further, the preparation process of the biochar is as follows: the solid carbon-rich product is generated by carrying out high-temperature thermal cracking on biomass such as straws and the like in an anoxic or anaerobic environment.
The invention also comprises the phosphorus-rich compost prepared by the method.
The invention has the following beneficial effects: the invention inoculates the phosphate solubilizing bacteria composite microbial inoculum for multiple times in sections under proper conditions, adds biochar, improves the adaptability of the phosphate solubilizing bacteria in compost, promotes the phosphate solubilizing and releasing effects of the phosphate solubilizing bacteria, improves the bioavailability of phosphate rock powder and the content of active phosphorus in the composting process, inoculates the phosphate accumulating bacteria composite microbial inoculum at the later stage of composting, utilizes the function of absorbing free active phosphorus into the body in an excessive way under an aerobic state, promotes biological fixation of phosphate, promotes microbial biomass phosphorus in compost products, and finally forms a method for preparing high-efficiency compost rich in phosphorus, thereby realizing the reutilization of waste resources, and improving the functional activity of the phosphate solubilizing bacteria and the utilization efficiency of phosphorus of the phosphate rock powder and phosphorus-containing organic wastes.
The method is beneficial to realizing the resource utilization of the organic solid waste compost, greatly improves the phosphate solubilizing function of the compost phosphate solubilizing bacteria and the bioavailability of phosphate rock powder, improves the content of phosphorus in microbial biomass in the compost product by utilizing the phosphorus accumulating bacteria compound microbial inoculum, and is beneficial to preparing the phosphorus-rich high-efficiency compost product.
Detailed Description
A method for preparing a phosphorus-rich high-efficiency compost product by biological phosphorus accumulation comprises the following steps:
uniformly mixing organic solid waste with a phosphate solubilizing bacteria composite microbial inoculum, phosphate rock powder and biochar, and then carrying out aerobic composting treatment, wherein the phosphate rock powder, the biochar and the phosphorus accumulating bacteria composite microbial inoculum respectively account for 5-10%, 5-15% and 1-5% of the organic solid waste in dry weight ratio;
step two, when the aerobic composting is carried out to a cooling period, namely the temperature is reduced to 45-50 ℃, adding the phosphate solubilizing bacteria composite microbial inoculum again, stirring and mixing uniformly, wherein the adding proportion of the phosphate solubilizing bacteria composite microbial inoculum is 0.5-3% of the dry weight of the aerobic composting material;
and step three, inoculating a phosphorus accumulating bacterium composite microbial inoculum when the aerobic composting is carried out to be close to the rotten stage, namely the temperature is reduced and maintained at 40 +/-2 ℃, and finally obtaining a phosphorus-rich compost product.
In the first step, the organic solid waste is degradable organic solid waste, and comprises livestock and poultry manure, household garbage, kitchen garbage, garden garbage, fruit and vegetable garbage and straws. The water content of the aerobic compost material is 60-70%, the carbon-nitrogen ratio is 25-30, and the aerobic compost material is placed outdoors under the ventilation condition so as to facilitate the stabilization and humification process of the aerobic compost.
The composite phosphate-solubilizing bacteria preparation contains various microbes in the weight proportion of 30-35% of Bacillus, 15-20% of Pseudomonas, 5-10% of Weissella, 5-10% of Cladosporium, 10-15% of Corynebacterium, 5-10% of enterococcus, 10-15% of Klebsiella and 5-10% of Streptomyces; the microorganisms in the phosphate solubilizing bacteria composite microbial inoculum are common indigenous bacteria in organic solid waste compost. The phosphorus accumulating bacteria compound microbial inoculum is a commercialized microbial inoculum which is directly purchased.
The preparation process of the biochar is as follows: the solid carbon-rich product, namely biochar, is generated by carrying out high-temperature thermal cracking on biomasses such as straws and the like in an anoxic or anaerobic environment.
The phosphate solubilizing bacteria compound microbial inoculum is added for 2 times, so that the negative influence on the phosphate solubilizing bacteria compound microbial inoculum in the initial fermentation stage is reduced, the phosphate solubilizing action time and effect are increased, and the decomposition effect of microorganisms on phosphate rock powder is increased.
The effect of the invention in the production practice is further illustrated below with reference to specific examples:
example 1
The method comprises the steps of taking solid wastes such as household garbage and sawdust as compost materials, adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio (C/N) to about 25%, adjusting the water content to about 60%, adding 10% of powdered rock phosphate by mass, and adding 30-35% of bacillus, 15-20% of pseudomonas, 5-10% of Weissella, 5-10% of Cladosporium, 10-15% of corynebacterium, 5-10% of enterococcus, 10-15% of Klebsiella and 5-10% of Streptomyces.
Selecting three groups of different components to respectively process:
the first group (A1) inoculates 3% phosphate solubilizing bacteria composite microbial inoculum at the initial composting stage, and the materials are uniformly mixed for aerobic composting;
compared with A1, the second group (A2) is added with 10% of biochar at the initial stage of composting on the basis of inoculating the phosphate-solubilizing bacteria complex inoculant, and other treatment methods are consistent with A1;
compared with A1, the third group (A3) is characterized in that 10% of biochar is added at the initial composting stage, 1.5% of phosphate solubilizing bacteria composite microbial inoculum is inoculated at the same time, materials are uniformly mixed for aerobic composting, the aerobic composting is carried out until the temperature is about 45 ℃, 1.5% of phosphate solubilizing bacteria composite microbial inoculum is inoculated, the materials are uniformly mixed, 2% of phosphate accumulating bacteria composite microbial inoculum is inoculated when the composting is nearly rotten, and the materials are uniformly mixed until the composting is completely rotten.
And (3) effect analysis: the total phosphorus content before composting is 1.46 percent, namely 14.6g/kg, the available active phosphorus accounts for 12.1 percent, the phosphorus content of microbial biomass is only 110.2 mu g/g, in the compost product, the total phosphorus content is similar because the added phosphorus ore powder amount and the compost material amount are consistent, the total phosphorus content is about 1.91 percent, namely 19.1g/kg, but the phosphorus components in the three treatments have obvious difference, and the available active phosphorus accounts for the compost product as follows: 16.0% (A1), 28.7% (A2), 23.0% (A3); and the phosphorus content of the microorganisms is as follows: 193.9 mug/g (A1), 269.1 mug/g (A2) and 556.6 mug/g (A3), which shows that compared with a control group (A1) compost product only inoculated with the phosphate solubilizing bacteria compound microbial inoculum, the compost product obtained by the method (A3) and the compost product added with both the phosphate solubilizing bacteria compound microbial inoculum and biochar (A2) can obviously improve the phosphorus component conversion of the compost phosphate rock powder, and obviously improve the phosphorus effectiveness of the phosphate rock powder and compost, and the method (A3) further promotes the conversion of available active phosphorus to the phosphorus in the microorganism, and compared with A1 and A2, the phosphorus content in the microorganism reaches 2.87 times of A1 and 2.07 times of A2.
Example 2
The compost products A2 and A3 in example 1 are equivalently applied to a wheat planting greenhouse at 40kg/ha compost phosphorus amount for experiment, and simulated rainwater leaching is carried out every week, until wheat is harvested, the available active phosphorus content changes of the current season wheat average yield, water-soluble phosphorus and the like in soil are detected, and the results (table 1) show that the available active phosphorus content of the A2 phosphate fertilizer treatment is slightly higher than that of the A3 phosphate fertilizer treatment in the initial stage, but the influence difference of the two phosphate fertilizer products on the wheat average yield is not large, so that the A3 treatment and the A2 treatment are close to the phosphorus and fertility supply for the growth of the wheat, but the soil applying of the A3 compost product is obviously higher than that of the A2 compost applied soil according to the comparison of the available active phosphorus content of the final soil, and the loss rate of phosphorus, namely the phosphorus fertilizer loss rate is effectively reduced and the phosphorus fertilizer efficiency is improved while the fertilizer supply of the.
And (3) effect analysis: on the basis of ensuring normal decomposition of organic solid waste compost, the invention emphasizes on improving the available active phosphorus component in the phosphate rock powder, thus fully improving the utilization of low-grade phosphate rock powder, obviously improving the microbial biomass phosphorus content of compost products, namely the biological fixation of excessive active phosphorus, increasing the phosphorus biological utilization efficiency of phosphorus-containing organic waste, and successfully preparing phosphorus-rich high-efficiency compost products.
TABLE 1
The biochar used by the invention is not only a conditioner of compost but also an improver of the survival condition of the phosphate solubilizing bacteria, the phosphate solubilizing bacteria compound fungicide used for inoculation is derived from different organic waste composting processes, the biological safety of the compost is ensured, and simultaneously, the action period of the phosphate-solubilizing bacteria composite microbial inoculum in the composting process is prolonged through sectional inoculation, and the activity of the phosphorus-solubilizing microbial inoculum in the composting process is improved by utilizing the improved composting environment formed by the biochar, the phosphorus-solubilizing microbial inoculum can better survive in the composting process and play roles of solubilizing phosphorus and releasing phosphorus, the conversion of phosphorus components in organic wastes and low-grade phosphate rock powder is effectively promoted, the bioavailability of phosphorus is improved, and after the phosphorus-solubilizing microbial inoculum plays a role in the later period of composting, the phosphorus accumulating bacteria composite microbial inoculum promotes the conversion of excessive active phosphorus generated by the conversion of phosphate solubilizing bacteria into microbial biomass phosphorus, and the biological fixation efficiency of the excessive active phosphorus in the composting process is improved.
Example 3
The invention relates to a method for preparing a phosphorus-rich high-efficiency compost product by biological phosphorus accumulation, which comprises the following steps of:
uniformly mixing organic solid waste with a phosphate solubilizing bacteria composite microbial inoculum, phosphate rock powder and biochar, and then carrying out aerobic composting treatment, wherein the phosphate rock powder, the biochar and a phosphorus accumulating bacteria composite microbial inoculum respectively account for 5%, 5% and 1% of the organic solid waste in dry weight ratio;
step two, when the aerobic composting is carried out to a cooling period, namely the temperature is reduced to 45 ℃, adding the phosphate solubilizing bacteria composite microbial inoculum again, stirring and mixing uniformly, wherein the adding proportion of the phosphate solubilizing bacteria composite microbial inoculum is 3% of the dry weight mass of the aerobic composting material;
and step three, inoculating a phosphorus accumulating bacterium composite microbial inoculum when the aerobic composting is carried out to be close to the rotten stage, namely the temperature is reduced and maintained at 42 ℃, and finally obtaining a phosphorus-rich compost product.
Example 4
The invention relates to a method for preparing a phosphorus-rich high-efficiency compost product by biological phosphorus accumulation, which comprises the following steps of:
uniformly mixing organic solid waste with a phosphate solubilizing bacteria composite microbial inoculum, phosphate rock powder and biochar, and then carrying out aerobic composting treatment, wherein the phosphate rock powder, the biochar and a phosphorus accumulating bacteria composite microbial inoculum account for 10%, 15% and 5% of the organic solid waste in dry weight ratio respectively;
step two, when the aerobic composting is carried out to a cooling period, namely the temperature is reduced to 50 ℃, adding the phosphate solubilizing bacteria composite microbial inoculum again, stirring and mixing uniformly, wherein the adding proportion of the phosphate solubilizing bacteria composite microbial inoculum is 3% of the dry weight mass of the aerobic composting material;
and step three, inoculating a phosphorus accumulating bacterium composite microbial inoculum when the aerobic composting is carried out to be close to the rotten stage, namely the temperature is reduced and maintained at 40 ℃, and finally obtaining a phosphorus-rich compost product.
The method effectively solves the problem of low utilization of the phosphate rock powder, avoids excessive application of the phosphate rock powder, is favorable for realizing resource utilization of the organic solid waste compost, improves the functional activity of phosphorus bacteria and the effectiveness of phosphorus in the phosphate rock powder, promotes the biological fixation of phosphorus by improving the microbial biomass phosphorus of the compost product, and increases the biological utilization efficiency of phosphorus of the phosphorus-containing organic waste.
The above-mentioned embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can easily make various changes and modifications according to the main concept and spirit of the present invention, so the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (6)
1. A method for preparing a phosphorus-rich high-efficiency compost product by biological phosphorus accumulation is characterized by comprising the following steps: uniformly mixing organic solid waste with a phosphate solubilizing bacteria composite microbial inoculum, phosphate rock powder and biochar, and then carrying out aerobic composting treatment, wherein the phosphate rock powder, the biochar and the phosphate solubilizing bacteria composite microbial inoculum respectively account for 5-10%, 5-15% and 1-5% of the organic solid waste in dry weight ratio;
step two, when the aerobic composting is carried out to a cooling period, namely the temperature is reduced to 45-50 ℃, adding the phosphate solubilizing bacteria composite microbial inoculum again, stirring and mixing uniformly, wherein the adding proportion of the phosphate solubilizing bacteria composite microbial inoculum is 0.5-3% of the dry weight of the aerobic composting material;
and step three, inoculating a phosphorus accumulating bacterium composite microbial inoculum when the aerobic composting is carried out to be close to the rotten stage, namely the temperature is reduced and maintained at 40 +/-2 ℃, and finally obtaining a phosphorus-rich compost product.
2. The method of producing a phosphorus-rich high-efficiency compost product by biological phosphorus accumulation as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: in the first step, the organic solid waste is degradable organic solid waste, and comprises livestock and poultry manure, household garbage, kitchen garbage, garden garbage, fruit and vegetable garbage and straws.
3. The method of producing a phosphorus-rich high-efficiency compost product by biological phosphorus accumulation as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the phosphate solubilizing bacteria composite microbial inoculum comprises the following various microorganisms in parts by weight: 30-35% of bacillus, 15-20% of pseudomonas, 5-10% of Weissella, 5-10% of Cladosporium, 10-15% of corynebacterium, 5-10% of enterococcus, 10-15% of Klebsiella and 5-10% of streptomyces.
4. The method of producing a phosphorus-rich high-efficiency compost product by biological phosphorus accumulation as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: in the first step, the water content of the aerobic composting material is 60-70%, and the carbon-nitrogen ratio is 25-30; and (3) placing the aerobic composting material obtained in the step one in an outdoor ventilation condition for aerobic composting.
5. The method of producing a phosphorus-rich high-efficiency compost product by biological phosphorus accumulation as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the preparation process of the biochar is as follows: the straw biomass is subjected to high-temperature thermal cracking in an anoxic or anaerobic environment to generate a solid carbon-rich product.
6. A phosphorus-rich high-efficiency compost product prepared by the method of any of claims 1 to 5.
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| CN107903134A (en) * | 2017-11-16 | 2018-04-13 | 陕西科技大学 | A kind of method of apple tree beta pruning converted in-situ charcoal organic fertilizer |
| CN109336716B (en) * | 2018-10-29 | 2021-11-12 | 四川大宇中和农业科技发展有限公司 | Carbon-based biological compound organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN112279710B (en) * | 2020-07-10 | 2022-05-24 | 江西农业大学 | Phosphorus-dissolving bacterial fertilizer and application thereof |
| CN113582780A (en) * | 2021-08-12 | 2021-11-02 | 中国科学院城市环境研究所 | Phosphorus-rich and silicon-rich compost product prepared by adding yellow phosphorus slag and production method thereof |
| CN114181003A (en) * | 2021-09-24 | 2022-03-15 | 中农新科(苏州)有机循环研究院有限公司 | Preparation method of efficient phosphate fertilizer from kitchen waste |
| CN116120130B (en) * | 2023-01-19 | 2023-12-01 | 同济大学 | Method for efficiently improving bioavailability of phosphorus in sludge pyrolysis biochar |
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| CN102124116A (en) * | 2008-08-15 | 2011-07-13 | 乔治弗里茨迈尔两合公司 | Method for extracting phosphorous from solids using active leaching and phosphate-accumulating microorganisms |
| CN105087413A (en) * | 2014-05-16 | 2015-11-25 | 吉林省环境科学研究院 | Preparation and application of complex microbial inoculants capable of fermenting livestock and poultry excrement effectively and quickly |
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| CN102124116A (en) * | 2008-08-15 | 2011-07-13 | 乔治弗里茨迈尔两合公司 | Method for extracting phosphorous from solids using active leaching and phosphate-accumulating microorganisms |
| CN105087413A (en) * | 2014-05-16 | 2015-11-25 | 吉林省环境科学研究院 | Preparation and application of complex microbial inoculants capable of fermenting livestock and poultry excrement effectively and quickly |
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