CN106630514B - Treatment system for oily sludge, separation equipment and treatment method thereof - Google Patents

Treatment system for oily sludge, separation equipment and treatment method thereof Download PDF

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CN106630514B
CN106630514B CN201710134642.4A CN201710134642A CN106630514B CN 106630514 B CN106630514 B CN 106630514B CN 201710134642 A CN201710134642 A CN 201710134642A CN 106630514 B CN106630514 B CN 106630514B
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stirring
sludge
oil
water
storage device
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CN106630514A (en
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仇霞霞
李艺凡
冷增冰
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
    • B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
    • B02C18/14—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives within horizontal containers
    • B02C18/144—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives within horizontal containers with axially elongated knives
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C21/00—Disintegrating plant with or without drying of the material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C4/00—Crushing or disintegrating by roller mills
    • B02C4/02—Crushing or disintegrating by roller mills with two or more rollers
    • B02C4/08—Crushing or disintegrating by roller mills with two or more rollers with co-operating corrugated or toothed crushing-rollers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
    • B07B1/00—Sieving, screening, sifting, or sorting solid materials using networks, gratings, grids, or the like
    • B07B1/28—Moving screens not otherwise provided for, e.g. swinging, reciprocating, rocking, tilting or wobbling screens
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
    • C02F11/12—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening
    • C02F11/121—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening by mechanical de-watering
    • C02F11/127—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening by mechanical de-watering by centrifugation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
    • C10G1/04—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by extraction
    • C10G1/045—Separation of insoluble materials
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/30—Organic compounds
    • C02F2101/32—Hydrocarbons, e.g. oil
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
    • C02F2103/10—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from quarries or from mining activities
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
    • C02F2103/34—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from industrial activities not provided for in groups C02F2103/12 - C02F2103/32
    • C02F2103/36—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from industrial activities not provided for in groups C02F2103/12 - C02F2103/32 from the manufacture of organic compounds
    • C02F2103/365—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from industrial activities not provided for in groups C02F2103/12 - C02F2103/32 from the manufacture of organic compounds from petrochemical industry (e.g. refineries)
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
    • C02F2303/06—Sludge reduction, e.g. by lysis
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
    • C10G2300/10—Feedstock materials
    • C10G2300/1003—Waste materials

Abstract

The invention discloses a treatment system of oily sludge, separation equipment and a treatment method thereof. The separation equipment comprises a stirring cylinder body, a first driving device, a stirring shaft, a multi-layer partition plate and a stirring piece, wherein the stirring shaft is arranged in the stirring cylinder body; the stirring cylinder is divided into a plurality of layers of spaces by the multi-layer partition plates, each layer of space in the plurality of layers of spaces is provided with a stirring piece, and the stirring pieces are connected with a stirring shaft; the upper part of the stirring cylinder is provided with a sludge inlet and a first floating oil outlet, the lower part of the stirring cylinder is provided with a sludge outlet, and the bottom or the lower part of the stirring cylinder is provided with a feed inlet for one or more materials of extractant, dissolved air water and solid foam particles. The treatment system is applicable to dehydration of various types of oil-containing sludge, can remove the oil content of the oil sludge to below 3%, can recover oil to the maximum extent, and can not produce secondary pollution such as waste water.

Description

Treatment system for oily sludge, separation equipment and treatment method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to a treatment system of oily sludge, separation equipment and a treatment method thereof.
Background
The oil sludge mainly refers to oil-containing sludge formed by crude oil or other oil products, soil and the like caused by various reasons, and oil-containing sediment and the like carried by a system in normal production of an oil field, and is solid waste rich in mineral oil, and the main components are crude oil, mud and water. The solid particle size may be from less than a micron to a few inches, and the composition of the oil may vary over time depending on the crude oil type, refinery architecture and operating conditions. Usually, the sludge contains a certain amount of crude oil, heavy metal ions (such as iron, copper, nickel and the like), inorganic salt compounds and the like. These sludge generally contains substances such as benzene series, phenols and the like, and is accompanied with malodor and toxicity, if the sludge is directly contacted with natural environment, the soil is poisoned, acidified or alkalized, the soil and soil texture structure is changed, the plant root system growth is prevented, the water body and vegetation are polluted greatly, and the waste of petroleum resources is also meant.
The oily sludge belongs to a multiphase system, generally comprises oil-in-water (O/W), water-in-oil (W/O) and suspended solids, suspended solids and colloid particles in the sludge are fully emulsified with oil and water to form a stable suspension emulsion system, the viscosity is higher, and sedimentation is difficult. The method has the characteristics of complex components, high water content, large volume, large quantity of harmful components exceeding the emission standard, higher heat value, few comprehensive utilization modes, large treatment difficulty and the like.
According to the Chinese hazardous waste directory, the oil sludge is listed in the oil-containing waste class (HW 08 item) in the national hazardous waste directory. Its long-term and potential environmental hazards are attracting great attention. The development of oil sludge management and prevention technology research is an important task of the national environmental protection work at present. Therefore, how to make the oil-containing sludge harmless and recycling is also an important environmental protection problem to be solved in advance of the oil refining industry.
The existing treatment technologies of solid wastes such as oil-containing sludge mainly comprise an incineration method, a biodegradation method, a solvent extraction method, a tempering-mechanical separation method, a concentration drying method, a microwave treatment method and the like, and the defects of the methods can be summarized into two types: one type such as incineration and biodegradation is focused on controlling pollutant emission, and recycling of oil resources is omitted; the other types of the methods such as solvent extraction, tempering-mechanical separation, heat washing and pyrolysis can recover oil resources, but the secondary pollution of waste water and waste residue to the environment is difficult to control, and the methods cannot achieve balance between the environment and benefits.
For example, the solvent extraction method is to select a proper organic solvent to extract the organic matters in the oil sludge according to the principle of 'similar compatibility', then to recover the oil content in the extract liquid by distillation, and to separate the solvent from the mixture by distillation for recycling. The method has the advantages that the process is simple, the extractant can be reused, the extractant has the defects of high price, a large amount of solvent loss in the recycling process, and the oil content of the treated oil sludge is more than about 5 percent and can not reach the current emission standard of solid pollutants.
Tempering-mechanism separation method: since oily sludge is generally a stable suspension emulsion system, the oily sludge is conditioned prior to dewatering. Besides coagulant and coagulant aid, surfactant, demulsifier, pH regulator and other reinforcing means, etc. are also added to improve physical properties of sludge, change properties and arrangement state of oil-containing sludge particles, destroy colloid stability and raise dewatering performance of sludge. But the core technology is a three-phase separation device with high-speed centrifugation, which is basically monopolized by countries such as Europe and America, and the like, and the devices are difficult to produce in China. Disadvantages of the temper-separation technique: because of the wide variety of oily sludge, existing dewatering machinery and chemical combinations are not universally applicable. Therefore, the research on the tempering-mechanical separation technology is limited to a single or a few oil sludge samples, the universality is poor, and when different oil-containing sludge is adopted, the coagulant (type, adding amount and adding mode), the demulsifier (type, adding amount and adding mode), the model and the operation parameters of the dewatering machine need to be determined again. Furthermore, when the oil content of the sludge is low, the centrifugal separation economic benefit is poor. Because the solid content in the centrifuge is higher and the sludge treatment effect is affected, the method has lower sludge treatment capacity and can not meet the requirement of the existing large-scale treatment.
Chemical hot washing method: the oily sludge is repeatedly washed by hot water solution, and a high-efficiency and proper chemical agent is added in the washing process, and then the solid-liquid separation is realized by standing and precipitating after heating, mixing and stirring. The separated oil phase enters an oil storage tank after being treated, the cleaning liquid can be recycled, and the residual sludge is dehydrated and reprocessed for recycling. The screening and use of chemical reagents are key to the chemical heat washing process, and the principles of reducing interfacial tension, emulsifying action, changing wettability, rigidity interface film and the like are mainly involved in the separation process of heating and stirring. However, the method is only suitable for the recovery treatment of the floor crude oil with higher oil content and lighter emulsification and the crude oil of oil sand, and is not suitable for the treatment of the oil sludge with serious emulsification; a large amount of expensive chemical agent needs to be added, resulting in high cost; the treated residues have higher oil content, the water content of the separated sludge residues is more than 90 percent, and the sludge residues contain a large amount of chemical agents, so that the secondary pollution problems of waste water, waste residues and the like can be caused, and the sludge residues need to be further treated and utilized.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a treatment system for oily sludge, separation equipment and a treatment method thereof. The treatment system can be suitable for dewatering various types of oily sludge, expands the application range, can remove the oil content of the oily sludge to below 3%, can recover oil to the maximum extent, does not generate waste water, has very low oil content in the deoiled sludge waste residue, meets the discharge standard of solid pollutants, does not produce secondary pollution to the environment, and is very suitable for on-site popularization and application.
The invention provides separation equipment of oily sludge, which comprises a stirring cylinder body, a first driving device, a stirring shaft, a plurality of layers of partition plates and stirring blade pieces, wherein the stirring cylinder body is provided with a first stirring shaft;
the stirring shaft is arranged in the stirring cylinder, the lower end of the stirring shaft penetrates through the bottom of the stirring cylinder and is connected with the power output end of the first driving device, and the first driving device is preferably a motor, and further preferably a speed regulating motor capable of rotating positively and reversely;
the multi-layer partition plate divides the stirring cylinder into multi-layer spaces, each layer of space in the multi-layer space is provided with a stirring piece, the stirring pieces are connected with a stirring shaft, the multi-layer partition plate is provided with a central hole, the diameter of the central hole is larger than that of the stirring shaft, and the stirring shaft penetrates through the central hole;
the upper part of the stirring cylinder is provided with a sludge inlet and a first floating oil outlet, and preferably, the first floating oil outlet is connected with an oil storage device, and the oil storage device is preferably an oil storage tank; the lower part of the stirring cylinder body is provided with a sludge outlet; the bottom or the lower part of the stirring cylinder is provided with a feed inlet for one or more materials of extractant, dissolved air water and solid foam particles, and preferably, the feed inlet is connected with a dissolved air device, and the dissolved air device is preferably a dissolved air pump.
The stirring piece comprises a stirring disc and stirring blades, wherein the stirring disc is provided with a central round hole and sleeved on a stirring shaft, and one or two sides of the stirring disc are provided with a plurality of stirring blades; preferably, the stirring disc and the stirring blade are integrally formed; further preferably, the stirring disc is provided with a crushing cutter.
The multi-layer partition plate extends to the inner wall of the stirring cylinder; preferably, the multilayer partition plate is fixed on the inner wall of the stirring cylinder body, or the stirring cylinder body is fixed through a plurality of connecting rods, the connecting rods penetrate through the multilayer partition plate and are fixedly connected with the multilayer partition plate, the upper ends of the connecting rods are connected with the top wall of the stirring cylinder body, and the lower ends of the connecting rods are connected with the bottom wall of the stirring cylinder body.
A first baffle plate which can be opened and closed is arranged at the first floating oil outlet; preferably the first baffle is hinged with the first oil slick outlet; further preferably, the first baffle is hinged to the first oil slick outlet through a shaft, two ends of the shaft are provided with cranks, the cranks are connected with a first cylinder, and the first cylinder drives the cranks to drive the first baffle to open or close.
The separation device equipment further comprises a first oil scraping device, wherein the first oil scraping device is positioned at the upper part in the stirring cylinder body and at the upper part of the multi-layer partition plate; preferably, the first oil scraping device comprises a first oil scraping plate and a second driving device, wherein the first oil scraping plate and the second driving device are arranged on opposite sides of the first baffle, and the second driving device is preferably a second cylinder.
The invention also provides a treatment system of the oily sludge, which comprises one or more separation devices, preferably 2-5 separation devices, a centrifugal machine, a water storage device, a sludge storage device, a jet device and a high-speed crushing device, wherein a sludge outlet of the separation device is connected with a sludge inlet of the centrifugal machine, a water outlet of the centrifugal machine is connected with a water inlet of the water storage device, a water outlet of the water storage device is connected with a water inlet of the jet device, a sludge outlet of the sludge storage device is connected with a sludge inlet of the jet device, a sludge outlet of the jet device is connected with a sludge inlet of the high-speed crushing device, and a sludge outlet of the high-speed crushing device is connected with a sludge inlet of the separation device.
When the treatment system comprises a plurality of separation devices, the sludge outlet of one separation device is connected with the sludge inlet of another separation device, and the lower sludge outlet of the separation device is connected with the sludge inlet of the next separation device, so that the plurality of separation devices are connected in series.
A pipeline for connecting the water inlet of the ejector with the water outlet of the water storage device is provided with a delivery pump or a high-pressure pump; the high-speed crushing device comprises a crushing cylinder body, a rotating shaft and a plurality of fly cutter rows of crushing cutters arranged on the rotating shaft, and preferably, each row of crushing cutters comprises 2-8 crushing cutters, and the crushing cutters in the same row are arranged along the circumferential direction of the rotating shaft.
The sludge storage device is provided with a second floating oil outlet, and a second baffle plate which can be opened and closed is arranged at the second floating oil outlet; preferably, a second oil scraping device is arranged on the opposite side of the second baffle; further preferably, the second oil scraping device comprises a second oil scraping plate and a third driving device, wherein the second oil scraping plate and the third driving device are arranged on opposite sides of the second baffle, and the third driving device is preferably a third cylinder.
The invention also provides an oily sludge treatment method adopting the treatment system, which comprises the following steps:
(1) The oil-containing sludge discharged from the sludge outlet of the sludge storage device enters the ejector, and meanwhile, water of the water storage device also enters the ejector, so that high-speed jet flow is formed and is sprayed into the high-speed crushing device; wherein, the demulsifier is added to the water in the water storage device;
(2) The high-speed crushing device breaks oil-containing sludge into fine particles, preferably micron-sized particles, so as to prepare slurry, then the slurry is conveyed into separating equipment, stirring and standing are carried out on the separating equipment, the stirring time is preferably 5-30 min, the standing time is preferably 5-30 min, then the first oil scraping device scrapes out floating oil on the upper layer, the mixture of water and the slurry on the lower layer is discharged to a centrifuge, centrifugal dehydration is carried out on the centrifuge, and the separated water is conveyed back to the water storage device; wherein one or more of extractant, gas-dissolved water and solid foam particles are introduced into the lower part of the separation equipment before and/or during the stirring of the separation equipment.
In the step (1), the weight ratio of the water amount of the water storage device entering the ejector to the oily sludge is 1: (0.5-3), wherein the temperature of water in the water storage device is preferably 70-90 ℃; the demulsifier is one or more of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, nonylphenol polyoxyethylene ether, octylphenol polyoxyethylene ether and fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, and the concentration of the demulsifier in water in the water storage device is preferably 0.25-2.0 wt%.
In the step (2), the gas-dissolved water is water dissolved with gas, and the gas is air or nitrogen; the extractant is one or more of petroleum ether, toluene, naphtha, gasoline, diesel oil and solvent oil, and the solid foam particles are one or more of polystyrene foam particles, polyvinyl chloride foam particles, polyurethane foam particles and phenolic foam particles.
The treatment method also comprises a step of preprocessing the oily sludge, wherein the preprocessing step comprises the following steps: removing impurities in the oily sludge, crushing, adding water, mixing to prepare a sludge-water mixture, and conveying to a sludge storage device.
Compared with the prior art, the treatment system and the treatment method of the oily sludge have the following advantages:
(1) The separating device has a multi-layer baffle structure, and the bottom is provided with the feed inlets for one or more materials of the extractant, the gas-dissolved water and the solid foam particles, so that after the one or more materials of the extractant, the gas-dissolved water and the solid foam particles enter the feed inlets, the materials sequentially pass through each layer of space between the baffles, and the stirring piece fully mixes and contacts with the oil-containing sludge in the ascending process of the stirring piece, thereby maximally realizing the effects of adhering oil by bubbles, adhering oil by the solid particles of the foam or extracting oil by the extractant, efficiently separating the oil from water and sludge, and avoiding the problems that the existing air flotation device or the extraction device is unevenly mixed and partial sludge and oil phase are difficult to separate.
Sticking oil to bubbles: the asphalt oil and heavy oil in the oil sludge after the medicament is washed can be provided with a set of gas dissolving device, and the oil is adhered by utilizing tiny bubbles generated by gas dissolving water, so that the complete oil removal is realized. In the stirring process of the stirring piece, the oil sludge and the bubbles are fully mixed and contacted in each layer, asphalt oil and heavy oil are adhered to the bubbles and discharged from the upper end of the mixing and separating equipment, and the inside original multilayer partition plate design ensures that the bubbles and the oil sludge are more uniformly mixed, and the oil removing effect is more excellent.
Extracting with extractant and adhering foam solid particles to oil: the asphalt oil and the heavy oil which appear in the oil sludge after the medicament is washed are fully mixed with the oil sludge by adding the extractant and/or the foam solid particles under the stirring action and the multi-layer partition plates which are created in the mixing and separating equipment, and the extractant and/or the foam solid particles containing the oil are discharged at the upper end of the separating equipment.
(2) The stirring piece of the separation equipment is provided with the stirring discs and the stirring blades, so that the stirring discs and the multi-layer partition plates are staggered, one or more materials of the extractant, the dissolved air water and the solid foam particles enter the feed inlet and are blocked by the partition plates and the discs in the ascending process, a deflection which ascends in a multi-layer space is formed, and then the stirring and mixing effect is further optimized by matching with the forward and reverse rotation of the speed regulating motor and the speed regulation, so that the oil, the water and the sludge are completely separated.
(3) The treatment system comprises a pretreatment device, a centrifuge, a water storage device, a sludge storage device, a jet device, a high-speed crushing device and separation equipment, wherein the pretreatment device is used for pretreatment and crushing firstly, then the high-pressure impact of the jet device causes secondary crushing of sludge, and then the high-speed crushing device is used for high-speed rotary beating, so that the oily sludge is formed to be crushed in a multi-stage combined way, the oily sludge particles can be crushed to be below 5 microns in size, the oily sludge particles can be crushed into powder, oil in the sludge is exposed, the demulsification effect of the demulsifier on the oily sludge is enhanced, and the means such as a multi-layer baffle structure of the separation equipment, bubble oil sticking, foam solid particle oil sticking or an extractant are combined, so that the technical means are mutually matched and mutually influenced, and the oily sludge with the oil content of more than 30% can be removed to the residual oil content of less than 3% under the condition of using the amount of the demulsifier, the oil can be recovered to the maximum extent, the treated oily sludge can not meet the discharge standard of solid pollutants, the secondary pollution can not be generated, and the invention is very suitable for popularization and application to the environment.
(4) The centrifugal machine of the invention dewaters the deoiled sludge, and the separated water body enters the water storage device again, thereby realizing the recycling of reagents such as demulsifiers and water, and further ensuring that no wastewater is generated in the whole treatment process.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a separation apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a treatment system for oily sludge of the present invention;
reference numerals: 1-sludge storage device, 2-jet device, 3-high-speed crushing device, 4-separation equipment, 41-stirring cylinder, 42-stirring shaft, 43-multilayer partition plate, 44-stirring piece, 45-sludge inlet, 46-first oil-floating outlet, 47-feeding port, 48-sludge outlet, 49-motor, 5-centrifuge, 6-water storage device, 7-high-pressure pump and 8-oil storage device.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is described in detail below with reference to the embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below by referring to the drawings are illustrative and intended to explain the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more such feature. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more, unless explicitly defined otherwise.
In the present invention, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.
The following embodiments further illustrate the technical aspects of the present invention, but the present invention should not be construed as being limited to the following embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides a separation apparatus for oily sludge, comprising a stirring cylinder 41, a first driving device, a stirring shaft 42, a plurality of layers of partition plates 43 and stirring pieces 44, wherein the stirring shaft 42 is arranged in the stirring cylinder 41 and extends along the axial direction of the stirring cylinder 41, the lower end of the stirring shaft 42 passes through the bottom of the stirring cylinder 41 and is connected with a power output end of the first driving device to divide the stirring cylinder 41 into a plurality of layers of spaces, each layer of space in the plurality of layers of spaces is provided with the stirring pieces 44, the stirring pieces 44 are fixed on the stirring shaft 42, each layer of partition plates 43 is provided with a central hole, namely, each partition plate is provided with a central hole, the diameter of the central hole is larger than that of the stirring shaft 42, and the stirring shaft 42 passes through the central hole; the upper part of the stirring cylinder 41 is provided with a sludge inlet 45 and a first floating oil outlet 46, the lower part of the stirring cylinder 41 is provided with a sludge outlet 48, and the bottom or the lower part of the stirring cylinder 41 is provided with a feed inlet 47 for one or more materials of extractant, dissolved air water and solid foam particles. The feed port 47 is located in the lower portion of the multilayer separator 43. The gas-dissolved water is water dissolved with gas, and the gas is air or nitrogen; the extractant is one or more of petroleum ether, toluene, naphtha, gasoline, diesel oil and solvent oil, and the solid foam particles are one or more of polystyrene foam particles, polyvinyl chloride foam particles, polyurethane foam particles and phenolic foam particles.
The first drive means is preferably an electric motor 49; further, a speed-adjusting motor capable of rotating forward and backward is preferable, so that the stirring speed can be adjusted by the speed-adjusting motor.
Only stirring blades may be used for stirring member 44. As another embodiment, the stirring piece 44 comprises a stirring disc and stirring blades, wherein the stirring disc is provided with a central round hole and sleeved on the stirring shaft, and one or two sides of the stirring disc are provided with a plurality of stirring blades; preferably, the stirring disc and the stirring blade are integrally formed; if the device before the separation equipment 4 is used for crushing the sludge thoroughly, the particles are relatively large, and a crushing cutter can be arranged on the stirring disc, so that the crushing cutter can be driven to further crush the sludge particles by rotating the stirring disc, and the purposes of thoroughly crushing, fully washing and completely separating the oil phase and the sludge are achieved.
Each of the multiple layers of separators 43 extends to the inner wall of the stirring cylinder; preferably, the multi-layer separator 43 is fixed on the inner wall of the stirring cylinder or fixed in the stirring cylinder 41 by a plurality of connecting rods, the connecting rods penetrate through the multi-layer separator 43 and are fixedly connected with the multi-layer separator 43, the upper ends of the connecting rods are connected with the top wall of the stirring cylinder 41, and the lower ends of the connecting rods are connected with the bottom wall of the stirring cylinder 41.
In another embodiment of the present invention, a first shutter that can be opened and closed is provided at the first oil slick discharge port 46; preferably, the first baffle is hinged to the first oil slick outlet 46; further preferably, the first baffle is hinged to the first oil-floating outlet 46 through a shaft, and two ends of the shaft are provided with cranks, the cranks are connected with a first cylinder, and the first cylinder drives the cranks to drive the first baffle to open or close. The first oil drain 46 is elongated.
The discharged oil slick may naturally flow out by gravity, or a first oil scraping device may be provided, and the first oil scraping device is located at the upper part of the stirring cylinder 41 and at the upper part of the multi-layer partition plate 43. The first oil scraping device comprises a first oil scraping plate and a second driving device, and the first oil scraping plate and the second driving device are arranged on the opposite sides of the first baffle. The second drive means is preferably a second cylinder.
The first oil drain 46 may be connected to the oil reservoir 8 by a pipe for the convenience of receiving separated oil. The oil reservoir 8 is preferably an oil tank.
In another embodiment of the present invention, the feeding port is connected with a gas dissolving device, and the gas dissolving device is preferably a gas dissolving pump. When in operation, air and water are sucked together by the inlet of the air dissolving pump, and then are intersected into fine air dissolving water by the impeller of the air dissolving pump. After passing through the dissolved air pump, the volume content of the gas in the dissolved air water can be as high as 15% by volume, and the diameter of the micro-bubbles can be smaller than 30 mu m.
As shown in fig. 2, the invention provides a treatment system for oily sludge, which comprises one or more separation devices 4, preferably 2-5 separation devices 4, a centrifugal machine 5, a water storage device 6, a sludge storage device 1, a jet device 2 and a high-speed crushing device 3, wherein a sludge outlet of the separation devices 4 is connected with a sludge inlet of the centrifugal machine 5, a water outlet of the centrifugal machine 5 is connected with a water inlet of the water storage device 6, a water outlet of the water storage device 6 is connected with a water inlet of the jet device 2, a sludge outlet of the sludge storage device 1 is connected with a sludge inlet of the jet device 2, a sludge outlet of the jet device 2 is connected with a sludge inlet of the high-speed crushing device 3, and a sludge outlet of the high-speed crushing device 3 is connected with a sludge inlet of the separation devices 4.
When the treatment system comprises a plurality of separation devices 4, the sludge outlet of one separation device 4 is connected to the sludge inlet of another separation device 4, and the lower sludge outlet of that separation device 4 is connected to the sludge inlet of the next separation device 4, thereby connecting the plurality of separation devices 4 in series.
In order to form a suction effect after water flow enters the ejector 2, a delivery pump or a high-pressure pump 7 is arranged on a pipeline connecting the water inlet of the ejector 2 with the water outlet of the water storage device 6.
The high-speed smashing device 3 can adopt pulping equipment for smashing sludge into powder, and the high-speed smashing device 3 can comprise a pulping barrel, a rotating shaft and a plurality of rows of smashing cutters arranged on the rotating shaft. Each row of crushing cutters comprises 2-8 crushing cutters, and the crushing cutters in the same row are arranged along the circumferential direction of the rotating shaft. The rotation speed of the high-speed crushing device 3 is 100-1000 rpm. The high-speed crushing device 3 further comprises a motor for driving the rotating shaft, a material inlet at the far end of the motor and a material outlet at the near end of the motor. The motor can be a speed regulating motor capable of rotating forward and backward. The high-speed pulverizer is cylindrical in shape and can be of a horizontal or vertical structure.
In another embodiment of the present invention, the sludge storage device 1 is provided with a second floating oil discharge port, and a second baffle plate which can be opened or closed is arranged at the second floating oil discharge port; preferably, a second oil scraping device is provided; further preferably, the second oil scraping device comprises a second oil scraping plate and a third driving device, and the second oil scraping plate and the third driving device are arranged on opposite sides of the second baffle. The third drive means is preferably a third cylinder.
The invention also provides an oily sludge treatment method of the treatment system, which comprises the following steps:
(1) The oily sludge discharged from the sludge outlet of the sludge storage device 1 enters the ejector 2, and meanwhile, the water of the water storage device 6 also enters the ejector 2, so that high-speed jet flow is formed and is sprayed into the high-speed crushing device 3; wherein, the demulsifier is added to the water in the water storage device 6;
(2) The high-speed crushing device 3 is used for crushing the oil-containing sludge into fine particles, preferably micron-sized particles, so as to prepare slurry, then conveying the slurry into the separating device 4, stirring and standing the slurry in the separating device 4 for 5-30 min, wherein the stirring time is 5-30 min, the standing time is 5-30 min, scraping out the floating oil on the upper layer through the first oil scraping device, discharging the mixture of water and the slurry on the lower layer into the centrifugal machine 5, carrying out centrifugal dehydration on the centrifugal machine 5, and conveying the separated water back to the water storage device 6; wherein one or more of extractant, dissolved air water and solid foam particles are introduced into the lower part of the separation equipment 4 before or during the stirring of the separation equipment 4.
In the step (1), the demulsifier is preferably one or more of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, polyoxyethylene nonylphenol ether, polyoxyethylene octylphenol ether and polyoxyethylene fatty alcohol ether, and the concentration of the demulsifier in water in the water storage device 6 is 0.25-2.0 wt%.
In the step (1), the weight ratio of the water amount of the water storage device 6 entering the ejector 2 to the oily sludge is 1: (0.5-3), the temperature of the water in the water storage device 6 is preferably 70-90 ℃.
In the step (2), the gas consumption can be determined according to the condition of bubble oil slick until the oil is totally floated on the upper layer; the gas-dissolved water is water dissolved with gas, the gas is air or nitrogen, and the dosage of the gas-dissolved water is 20-40 wt% of the oily sludge; the extractant is one or more of petroleum ether, toluene, naphtha, gasoline, diesel oil and solvent oil, and the dosage of the extractant is 0.2-1.0 wt% of oily sludge; the solid foam particles are one or more of polystyrene foam particles, polyvinyl chloride foam particles, polyurethane foam particles and phenolic foam particles, and the dosage of the solid foam particles is 1.0-3.0 wt% of the oily sludge.
The treatment method also comprises a step of preprocessing the oily sludge, wherein the preprocessing step comprises the following steps: removing impurities in the oily sludge, crushing, adding water (the temperature of the water is preferably 70-90 ℃) and mixing to prepare a sludge water mixture, and conveying the sludge water mixture to a sludge storage device 1.
Example 1
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples with reference to fig. 1-2.
The specific embodiment of the invention is illustrated by the oil sludge (30 wt% of oil in the sludge, 35wt% of water and the rest of solid matters) at the bottom of the oil tank.
(1) The treatment method also comprises a step of preprocessing the oily sludge, wherein the preprocessing step comprises the following steps: removing impurities in the oily sludge, crushing, adding water, mixing to prepare a sludge-water mixture, and conveying to a sludge storage device 1.
(2) The jet device 2 sucks out the oil sludge and sprays the oil sludge into the high-speed crushing device 3 at high pressure to impact and crush the oil sludge at high speed, the water source of the jet device 2 uses water in the water storage device 6 (the temperature is 80 ℃), and the high-speed crushing device 3 further crushes the sludge particles through high-speed rotation, so that the oil sludge is thoroughly crushed, and the granularity of the oil sludge particles is below 5 microns. The water in the water storage device 6 is added with demulsifier (sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, the concentration is 1.0 wt%) and the addition of the demulsifier is more beneficial to the high-pressure impact crushing of the jet device 26 and the high-speed rotary cutting in the high-speed crushing device 3. The weight ratio of the water amount of the water storage device 6 entering the ejector 2 to the oily sludge is 1: 1.
(3) Thoroughly crushed oil sludge enters two-stage separation equipment 4 connected in series to be fully mixed and stirred, in the stirring process, air-dissolving water is introduced into a feed inlet 47 at the bottom of the separation equipment, after the air-dissolving water enters the separation equipment 4, air is released from the water and gradually floats upwards from the bottom, a plurality of layers of stirring pieces of the separation equipment 4 stir in a plurality of layers of spaces for 10min respectively, so that the oil sludge is fully contacted and mixed with bubbles or solid particles, asphalt oil and heavy oil are adhered on the bubbles or solid particles and float to the upper part of the separation equipment 4, after standing for 10min, a third oil scraping device scrapes oil, and a mixture of water and sludge at the lower part enters a centrifugal machine 5, and the system completes separation of an oil phase from a water phase and a mud phase. Wherein the amount of the dissolved air water is 30wt% of the oily sludge.
(4) And (3) after the mixture of the water and the sludge at the lower part enters a centrifugal machine 5, centrifugal separation is carried out, and separation of the water phase and the sludge phase is completed. The separated water returns to the water storage device 6, the water in the water storage device 6 enters the ejector 2 again for recycling, and clean oil sludge is discharged from the centrifugal machine 5 and reaches the standard for discharge.
The final oil recovery was 97.2% and the residuum rate was 2.8%.
Example 2
As another embodiment of the present invention, substantially the same as the treatment method of embodiment 1 is different in that: in step (3), an extractant, which is toluene, was introduced into the feed port 47 at the bottom of the separation apparatus, and the amount of the extractant was 0.5wt% of the oily sludge. The final oil recovery was 98.3% and the residuum rate was 1.7%.
It should be noted that each of the specific features described in the above embodiments may be arbitrarily combined in any suitable manner, and also fall within the scope of the disclosure of the present invention. In addition, any combination of the various embodiments of the present invention can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention, which should also be regarded as the disclosure of the present invention.
The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the specific details of the above embodiments, and various simple modifications can be made to the technical solution of the present invention within the scope of the technical concept of the present invention, and all the simple modifications belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. An oily sludge separation device, which is characterized in that: the stirring device comprises a stirring cylinder body, a first driving device, a stirring shaft, a plurality of layers of partition boards and stirring pieces;
the stirring shaft is arranged in the stirring cylinder, the lower end of the stirring shaft penetrates through the bottom of the stirring cylinder and is connected with the power output end of the first driving device, and the first driving device is a speed regulating motor capable of rotating positively and reversely;
the multi-layer partition plate divides the stirring cylinder into multi-layer spaces, each layer of space in the multi-layer space is provided with a stirring piece, the stirring pieces are connected with a stirring shaft, the multi-layer partition plate is provided with a central hole, the diameter of the central hole is larger than that of the stirring shaft, and the stirring shaft penetrates through the central hole; the stirring piece comprises a stirring disc and stirring blades, wherein the stirring disc is provided with a central round hole and sleeved on a stirring shaft, and one or two sides of the stirring disc are provided with a plurality of stirring blades;
the upper part of the stirring cylinder body is provided with a sludge inlet and a first floating oil outlet, the first floating oil outlet is connected with an oil storage device, and the oil storage device is an oil storage tank; the lower part of the stirring cylinder body is provided with a sludge outlet; the bottom or the lower part of the stirring cylinder is provided with a feed inlet for one or more materials of extractant, dissolved air water and solid foam particles, and the feed inlet is connected with a dissolved air pump; when one or more materials of extractant, dissolved air water and solid foam particles enter the feed inlet, the materials are blocked by the baffle plate and the disc in the ascending process, so that a deflection which rises in a curve in the multi-layer space is formed.
2. The separation device of claim 1, wherein the separation device comprises at least one of the following features:
(1) The stirring disc and the stirring blade are integrally formed; the stirring disc is provided with a crushing cutter;
(2) The multi-layer partition plate extends to the inner wall of the stirring cylinder; the multi-layer partition plate is fixed on the inner wall of the stirring cylinder body, or the stirring cylinder body is fixed through a plurality of connecting rods, the connecting rods penetrate through the multi-layer partition plate and are fixedly connected with the multi-layer partition plate, the upper ends of the connecting rods are connected with the top wall of the stirring cylinder body, and the lower ends of the connecting rods are connected with the bottom wall of the stirring cylinder body.
3. The separation apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a first shutter that can be opened and closed is provided at the first oil slick discharge port; the first baffle is hinged with the first oil slick outlet through a shaft, two ends of the shaft are provided with cranks, the cranks are connected with a first air cylinder, and the first air cylinder drives the cranks to drive the first baffle to open or close.
4. A separation apparatus according to claim 3, further comprising a first oil scraping means located in an upper portion of the mixing drum and in an upper portion of the multi-layer partition; the first oil scraping device comprises a first oil scraping plate and a second driving device, the first oil scraping plate and the second driving device are arranged on opposite sides of the first baffle, and the second driving device is a second cylinder.
5. An oily sludge treatment system, which is characterized by comprising one or more separation devices according to any one of claims 1-4, a centrifugal machine, a water storage device, a sludge storage device, a jet device and a high-speed crushing device, wherein a sludge outlet of the separation device is connected with a sludge inlet of the centrifugal machine, a water outlet of the centrifugal machine is connected with a water inlet of the water storage device, a water outlet of the water storage device is connected with a water inlet of the jet device, a sludge outlet of the sludge storage device is connected with a sludge inlet of the jet device, a sludge outlet of the jet device is connected with a sludge inlet of the high-speed crushing device, and a sludge outlet of the high-speed crushing device is connected with a sludge inlet of the separation device.
6. The treatment system according to claim 5, wherein a delivery pump or a high-pressure pump is arranged on a pipeline connecting the water inlet of the ejector with the water outlet of the water storage device; the high-speed crushing device comprises a crushing cylinder body, a rotating shaft and a plurality of rows of crushing cutters arranged on the rotating shaft, wherein each row of crushing cutters comprises 2-8 crushing cutters, and the crushing cutters in the same row are arranged along the circumferential direction of the rotating shaft.
7. The treatment system according to claim 5, wherein the sludge storage device is provided with a second oil slick discharge port at which a second shutter that can be opened and closed is provided; a second oil scraping device is arranged on the opposite side of the second baffle; the second oil scraping device comprises a second oil scraping plate and a third driving device, the second oil scraping plate and the third driving device are arranged on the opposite sides of the second baffle, and the third driving device is a third cylinder.
8. A method of treating oily sludge using the treatment system of any one of claims 5-7, comprising the steps of:
(1) The oil-containing sludge discharged from the sludge outlet of the sludge storage device enters the ejector, and meanwhile, water of the water storage device also enters the ejector, so that high-speed jet flow is formed and is sprayed into the high-speed crushing device; wherein, the demulsifier is added to the water in the water storage device;
(2) The high-speed crushing device is used for crushing the oil-containing sludge into micron-sized particles so as to prepare slurry, then the slurry is conveyed into separating equipment, stirring and standing are carried out on the separating equipment for 5-30 min, the standing time is 5-30 min, then the floating oil on the upper layer is scraped out through a first oil scraping device, the mixture of water and the slurry on the lower layer is discharged to a centrifugal machine, centrifugal dehydration is carried out on the centrifugal machine, and the separated water is conveyed back to the water storage device; wherein one or more of extractant, gas-dissolved water and solid foam particles are introduced into the lower part of the separation equipment before and/or during the stirring of the separation equipment.
9. The process of claim 8, wherein the process comprises at least one of the following features:
A. in the step (1), the weight ratio of the water amount of the water storage device entering the ejector to the oily sludge is 1: (0.5-3), wherein the temperature of water in the water storage device is 70-90 ℃; the demulsifier is one or more of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, nonylphenol polyoxyethylene ether, octylphenol polyoxyethylene ether and fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, and the concentration of the demulsifier in water in the water storage device is 0.25-2.0 wt%;
B. in the step (2), the gas-dissolved water is water dissolved with gas, and the gas is air or nitrogen; the extractant is one or more of petroleum ether, toluene, naphtha, gasoline, diesel oil and solvent oil, and the solid foam particles are one or more of polystyrene foam particles, polyvinyl chloride foam particles, polyurethane foam particles and phenolic foam particles.
10. The method of treatment according to claim 8 or 9, further comprising a step of pretreating the oily sludge, the step of pretreating comprising: removing impurities in the oily sludge, crushing, adding water, mixing to prepare a sludge-water mixture, and conveying to a sludge storage device.
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