CN106613266A - Method for relieving apple continuous cropping obstacles by means of allicin - Google Patents
Method for relieving apple continuous cropping obstacles by means of allicin Download PDFInfo
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- CN106613266A CN106613266A CN201611250839.6A CN201611250839A CN106613266A CN 106613266 A CN106613266 A CN 106613266A CN 201611250839 A CN201611250839 A CN 201611250839A CN 106613266 A CN106613266 A CN 106613266A
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- Prior art keywords
- allicin
- apple
- continuous cropping
- extraction
- extract
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C381/00—Compounds containing carbon and sulfur and having functional groups not covered by groups C07C301/00 - C07C337/00
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for relieving apple continuous cropping obstacles by means of allicin. The method comprises the step that when an apple continuous cropping garden is built every year and young apple trees are planted in spring, an allicin extracting solution with the concentration of 25 mg/mL is applied into field planting holes of all the young apple trees, wherein the application amount of each young tree is 1/8 of the volume ratio of soil in the field planting hole, and the allicin extracting solution is applied in three times. According to the method, the allicin extracting solution is extracted by taking ethyl alcohol as an extracting agent through a rapid solvent extractor; the extraction efficiency of the allicin extracting solution is greatly improved in short time; the prepared allicin extracting solution can effectively improve growth and development of the apple seedlings under the continuous cropping condition, decrease the quantity of fusarium oxysporum in apple continuous cropping soil and obviously reduce the apple continuous cropping obstacle phenomenon, and the new method for effectively preventing, controlling and reducing the apple continuous cropping obstacles is obtained.
Description
(1) technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method that allicin alleviates continuous cropping obstacle of apple, belongs to pomology field.
(2) background technology
After continuous cropping obstacle refers to that same crop or nearly edge crop are continuously planted, even if in the case of normal management,
The phenomenon that yield reduction, quality are deteriorated, bearing status are deteriorated can be produced.Continuous cropping obstacle of apple has generality, in being production
A great problem, to orchard worker huge economic loss is caused, and seriously constrains the sustainable development of production of fruit trees.Research shows,
Most areas, the biological factor relevant with soil-borne fungus is to cause the main cause of continuous cropping obstacle.Chemical bactericide fumigating soil
All it is all the time the maximally effective measure of preventing and treating continuous cropping obstacle, but because it pollutes environment, is gradually prohibited from using.Therefore develop
It is significant that environmentally friendly plant source fumigant carrys out prevention and control continuous cropping obstacle of apple.
Biofumigation agent can effectively suppress and kill the harmful pathogen in soil, again can in soil fast prompt drop
Solution.Therefore soil disinfection and growth period preventing and treating are carried out with Biofumigation agent, without any residues of pesticides and pollution, can be substituted very
Various chemical pesticides, quality safety is guaranteed from source.Garlic is Liliaceae allium, and research shows allicin to large intestine bar
Bacterium, staphylococcus aureus, detection of Salmonella, streptococcus, klebsiella bacillus, plant anthracnose and epidemic disease germ etc. have substantially suppression
Effect, therefore it is contemplated that as a kind of Biofumigation agent, explore its application effect in continuous cropping obstacle of apple.At present
The extracting method of allicin is mainly had：Ultrasonic wave extraction, solvent oscillation extraction method, steam distillation, supercritical CO2Extraction
Method, vacuum microwave auxiliary extraction method etc..But these methods for extracting allicins have that time-consuming, some complex operations, and all
There is a problem of that extraction efficiency is low.Therefore, the technique of the extraction allicin of simple quick, high-efficiency environment friendly is studied and by gained garlic
Element can be conducive to promoting the development of Apple Industry for mitigating continuous cropping obstacle of apple, have to effective prevention and control continuous cropping obstacle of apple
Practice significance.
(3) content of the invention
For above-mentioned phenomenon, the invention provides a kind of method that allicin alleviates continuous cropping obstacle of apple；Specifically related to one
The method of efficient, quick, simple extraction allicin is planted, and gained allicin is applied to alleviate continuous cropping obstacle of apple.
Technical solution of the present invention is as follows：
A kind of method that allicin alleviates continuous cropping obstacle of apple, is the spring plant apple in annual apple continuous cropping building well
During treelet, application concentration is the allicin extract of 25mg/mL into the planting pit of every apple sapling；The administration of every treelet
Measure as 1/8 of soil volume ratio in its planting pit, apply in three times：Apply (3 for spring plant apple seedling the last fortnight for the first time
The first tenday period of a month moon), amount of application is the 1/16 of the planting pit Inner soil volume ratios of every treelet；Second is apple sapling early growth period (6
The first tenday period of a month moon), amount of application is the 1/32 of the planting pit Inner soil volume ratios of every treelet；Third time is apple sapling growth medium (7
The last ten-days period moon), amount of application is the 1/32 of the planting pit Inner soil volume ratios of every treelet.
The garlic extract preparation process is as follows：
1) garlic peeling cleaning, is cut into the small pieces of 0.1～0.4cm, 5～15min is placed under room temperature and is digested, and makes garlic ammonia
Acid is to allicin conversion；
2) garlic that chopping has been digested is put in Accelerate solvent extraction instrument (ASE) carries out that extract is obtained by extraction；
Extraction conditions is：Extractant is absolute ethyl alcohol, and 9.80～11.20Mpa of pressure, 40～50 DEG C of extraction temperature is quiet
State 4～10min of extraction time, cycling extraction number of times 2～4 times, flush volume 50～70%, 150～200s of purge time；
3) concentrated by rotary evaporation：By step 2) in the extract that obtains adopt Rotary Evaporators, be concentrated by evaporation under the conditions of 45 DEG C
To the 1/20～1/10 of extract volume ratio, then with 12000g centrifugations, take supernatant and obtain allicin extraction mother liquor, press
Mother liquid concentration (unit g/mL), 4 DEG C of preservations are calculated according to formula (1)；
4) allicin is extracted and adds deionized water dilution allicin to extract mother liquor in mother liquor by volume, and obtaining concentration is
The allicin extract of 25mg/mL.
Of the invention the characteristics of and beneficial effect：
The present invention has two obvious advantages：One is the extraction effect that allicin extract is greatly improved in the short time
Rate；Two is that allicin extract is remarkably improved apple seedling under Continuous Mono-cropping and grows, and finally plays mitigation apple continuous cropping
The effect of obstacle.The garlic extract extracted using the present invention and application process, empirical tests, can effectively improve apple under Continuous Mono-cropping
Fruit seedling development, reduces the quantity of Fusarium oxysporum in apple continuous cropping soil, hence it is evident that mitigate continuous cropping obstacle of apple phenomenon.
(4) illustrate
Fig. 1 is that the present invention efficiently quickly prepares allicin extract and its using method flow process in continuous cropping obstacle of apple
Figure.
Fig. 2 is impact of the Different Extraction Method to allicin extraction efficiency in embodiment 1.
Fig. 2 illustrates that allicin extract fungistatic effect prepared by the inventive method i.e. Accelerate solvent extraction instrument ASE methods is best.
Fig. 3 is impact of the different solvents to allicin extraction efficiency in embodiment 2.
Fig. 3 explanation present invention is from ethanol as extractant, and the allicin extract fungistatic effect of preparation is best.
Fig. 4 is impact of the different Extracting temperatures to allicin extraction efficiency in embodiment 3.
When Fig. 4 explanation extraction temperatures are 50 DEG C, the allicin extract fungistatic effect of preparation is best.
Fig. 5 is impact of the different extraction times to allicin extraction efficiency in embodiment 4.
During Fig. 5 explanation extraction time 5min, gained allicin extract fungistatic effect is best.
(5) specific embodiment
Embodiment 1：
Garlic peeling is cleaned, and is cut into the small pieces of 0.2cm, 10min is placed under room temperature and is digested, the garlic difference for having digested
The extraction and determination of allicin is carried out with the Accelerate solvent extraction instrument method of the present invention, ultrasonic extraction and solvent concussion extraction,
Every kind of assay method parallel extraction is determined 3 times.As seen from Figure 2, the inventive method is significantly high to the extraction efficiency of allicin
In ultrasonic extraction and solvent concussion extraction, the extraction efficiency of this method is 1.29 times of ultrasonic extraction, is solvent
1.63 times of concussion extraction.And, extract differently does bacteriostatic test, it is found that prepared by the inventive method big
Allicin extract fungistatic effect is best.
The allicin obtained by the present embodiment is extracted into mother liquor when using and adds deionized water by volume, obtaining concentration is
The allicin extract of 100mg/mL, 50mg/mL, 25mg/mL, 10mg/mL, it is standby.
Then potato dextrose agar 46.0g is weighed, in adding 1000mL distilled water, 121 DEG C of autoclaving 20min,
Culture medium is cooled to 45 DEG C or so and adds in the allicin extract that concentration is 100mg/mL, 50mg/mL, 25mg/mL, 10mg/mL,
The allicin extract culture dish containing variable concentrations is obtained, that then puts a diameter of 8mm supplies examination disease fungus point spore reaping hook
Bacterium bacterial classification, be not added with garlic extract as control, back-off culture dish, sealed membrane sealing, be placed in black in 28 DEG C of constant incubators
Light culture, measures bacterium colony extension diameter after 10 days, weigh fresh weight of mycelium, and calculates inhibiting rate of the extract to mycelial growth, ties
Fruit is shown in Table 1：
The garlic extract of table 1 affects on hypha biomass
Bacteriostasis rate (%)=(control ware colony diameter one processes ware colony diameter)/control ware colony diameter × 100% knot
Fruit finds that culture measures colony diameter and fresh weight after 10 days, it can be seen that allicin extracts liquid energy and substantially suppresses Fusarium oxysporum
Colony growth, when garlic extract concentration is 100mg/mL, inhibiting rate has reached 100%.This bacteriostatic test is proved
Allicin extract obtained in the inventive method has functions that to suppress to cause continuous cropping obstacle of apple pathogen.
Embodiment 2
Garlic peeling is cleaned, and is cut into the small pieces of 0.2cm, 10min is placed under room temperature and is digested, and the garlic for having digested is put into
It is 10.1Mpa in pressure respectively with absolute ethyl alcohol, first alcohol and water as extractant in Accelerate solvent extraction instrument ASE, extraction is warm
Spend for 50 DEG C, the static extracting time is 5min, cycling extraction 3 times, and flush volume is 65%, and purge time is under conditions of 180s
Extracted.As seen from Figure 3, absolute ethyl alcohol is significantly higher than first alcohol and water to the extraction efficiency of allicin, be respectively methyl alcohol,
1.9 times of water extraction efficiency and 6.4 times.Therefore, the inventive method selects absolute ethyl alcohol as solvent.
The allicin obtained by the present embodiment is extracted into mother liquor when using and adds deionized water by volume, obtaining concentration is
The allicin extract of 50mg/mL, 25mg/mL, 10mg/mL, it is standby.
On December 1st, 2015, will be seeded in seedlings nursing plate and educate through lamination, the apple rootstock of vernalization-hupehensis Rehd seed
Seedling, during to seedling length to the 2nd true leaf, takes the basically identical seedling replanting of growing way, carries out greenhouse test.Test sets 4 process,
10 basins are often processed, per the built-in continuous cropping soil 1kg of basin, and 2 plants of seedling is colonized.Continuous cropping soil is handled as follows respectively in basin：With not
The continuous cropping soil of process is control (CK)；The soil (T1) that the garlic extract of 10mg/L is processed；At the garlic extract of 25mg/L
The soil (T2) of reason；The soil (T3) that the garlic extract of 50mg/L is processed.Transplant 1 week before seedling, per 1kg continuous cropping soils, pour
The garlic extract of 50mL variable concentrations is filled, continuous cropping soil control is substituted with 50mL deionized waters.Growth 30 days, is respectively processed again
The allicin extract of 50mL variable concentrations is poured, continuous cropping soil control is substituted with 50mL deionized waters.After growth 60 days, to basin
Plant Fusarium oxysporum quantity in hupehensis Rehd Seedling Biomass and soil to be determined, as a result such as table 2.
Impact of the garlic extract of table 2 to Fusarium oxysporum quantity in apple seedling growth and soil
From table 2 it can be seen that add the garlic extract of 25mg/mL in continuous cropping soil, then the plant height of apple seedling and fresh
47% and 48% is respectively increased again, and the harmful fungoid in soil, the quantity of Fusarium oxysporum then reduces 65%, applies high concentration
Although allicin extract it is good to the pathogen insect killing effect in soil, also have suppression to make to the growth of apple seedling
With, in general, the allicin extract of addition 25mg/mL, best results in continuous cropping soil.
Embodiment 3
Garlic peeling is cleaned, and is cut into the small pieces of 0.2cm, 10min is placed under room temperature and is digested, and makes alliin to allicin
Conversion.The garlic that digested of chopping is put in Accelerate solvent extraction instrument (ASE), extraction temperature is respectively 30,40,50,60,
70th, 80 DEG C, be 10.1Mpa in pressure with absolute ethyl alcohol as extractant, and the static extracting time is 5min, cycling extraction 3 times,
Flush volume is 65%, and purge time is to be extracted under conditions of 180s, and each temperature parallel extraction is determined 3 times.Can by Fig. 4
To find out, when extraction temperature is 50 DEG C, the extraction efficiency highest of allicin.And, make of the extract under different temperatures and press down
Bacterium is tested, it is found that 50 DEG C of gained allicin extract fungistatic effects of extraction temperature are best.
The allicin obtained by the present embodiment is extracted into mother liquor when using and adds deionized water by volume, obtaining concentration is
The allicin extract of 50mg/mL, 25mg/mL, 10mg/mL, it is standby.
On March 4th, 2016, seedlings nursing plate nursery will be seeded in through lamination, the apple rootstock of vernalization-hupehensis Rehd seed,
During to seedling length to the 6th true leaf, the basically identical seedling replanting of growing way is taken, in the school district apple center examination of Shandong Agricultural University south
Testing station carries out pot experiment.Test sets three process, often processes 10 basins, per the built-in continuous cropping soil 6kg of basin, and is colonized 2 plants of seedling.
Continuous cropping soil is handled as follows respectively in basin：With untreated continuous cropping soil to compare (CK)；The garlic extract of 10mg/L is processed
Soil (T1)；The soil (T2) that the garlic extract of 25mg/L is processed；The soil (T3) that the garlic extract of 50mg/L is processed.
Seedling the last week is transplanted, per 1kg continuous cropping soils, the garlic extract of 50mL variable concentrations is poured, 50mL is used in continuous cropping soil control
Deionized water is substituted；After growth one month, again different disposal pours again 50mL treatment fluids.Normal water and fertilizer management, growth 120
After it, Fusarium oxysporum quantity in potted plant hupehensis Rehd Seedling Biomass and soil is determined, as a result such as table 3.
Impact of the garlic extract of table 3 to Fusarium oxysporum quantity in apple seedling growth and soil
From table 3 it can be seen that in continuous cropping soil add 25mg/mL allicin extract, then the plant height of apple seedling and
Fresh weight is respectively increased 51% and 108%, and the harmful fungoid in soil, and the quantity of Fusarium oxysporum then reduces 42%.Apply
Although the allicin extract of high concentration 50mg/mL is good to the pathogen insect killing effect in soil, the life to apple seedling
Length also has inhibitory action, in general, the allicin extract of 25mg/mL, best results is added in continuous cropping soil.
Embodiment 4
Garlic peeling is cleaned, and is cut into the small pieces of 0.2cm, 10min is placed under room temperature and is digested, and makes alliin to allicin
Conversion.The garlic that digested of chopping is put in Accelerate solvent extraction instrument (ASE), extraction temperature is respectively 30,40,50,60,
70th, 80 DEG C, be 10.1Mpa in pressure with absolute ethyl alcohol as extractant, and the static extracting time, circulation extracted from 1min to 15min
Take 3 times, flush volume is 65%, purge time is to be extracted under conditions of 180s, and each time parallel extraction is determined 3 times.
As seen from Figure 5, when the time is 5min, the extraction efficiency highest of allicin.And, make of the extract of different time and press down
Bacterium is tested, it is found that the selected time 5min gained allicin extract fungistatic effects of the inventive method are best.
The allicin obtained by the present embodiment is extracted into mother liquor when using and adds deionized water by volume, obtaining concentration is
The allicin extract of 25mg/mL, it is standby.
During the two mu of old-age group's apple continuous cropping continuous cropping building wells in Mengyin Nanma village of Shandong Province, first remove aged tree, per mu is spread fertilizer over the fields 7500-
Farm manure that 8500kg fully ferments, orchard is ploughed deeply, depth is 40cm, picks undesirable root.Test is set to 2 process, 0.07 hectare soil
Earth processes (T) using the allicin extract that the inventive method is obtained；0.07 hectare is not processed and routinely plant apple seedling work
To compare (CK)；Process (T) operation as follows：During spring plant apple seedling, each the planting pit continuous cropping soil for digging out normally is returned
Fill out, treelet field planting is first 2 weeks, the allicin extract that soil volume 1/16, concentration in cave is 25mg/mL is poured in planting pit.
At the sapling up-growth initial stage, early June, second applying concentration is the allicin extract of 25mg/mL, and applied amount is soil in planting pit
The 1/32 of earth volume；Sapling up-growth mid-term, late July, third time applies allicin extract of the concentration for 25mg/mL, applies
Measure as 1/32 of soil volume in planting pit；During sapling up-growth, normal water and fertilizer management.As a result find, use at the inventive method
After reason soil, sapling up-growth amount is than treelet increase by 67% in the continuous cropping soil (control) that do not deal with.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of method that allicin alleviates continuous cropping obstacle of apple, it is characterised in that be the spring in annual apple continuous cropping building well
During plant apple sapling, application concentration is the allicin extract of 25mg/mL into the planting pit of every apple sapling；Per children
The amount of application of tree is 1/8 of soil volume ratio in its planting pit, is applied in three times：It is for the first time early March, spring plant apple
Seedling the last fortnight applies, and amount of application is the 1/16 of the planting pit Inner soil volume ratios of every treelet；It is for the second time early June, apple
Fruit sapling up-growth initial stage, amount of application is the 1/32 of the planting pit Inner soil volume ratios of every treelet；It is for the third time late July, apple
Fruit sapling up-growth mid-term, amount of application is the 1/32 of the planting pit Inner soil volume ratios of every treelet.
2. the method that a kind of allicin as claimed in claim 1 alleviates continuous cropping obstacle of apple, it is characterised in that the garlic carries
Take liquid preparation process as follows：
1) garlic peeling cleaning, be cut into the small pieces of 0.1～0.4cm, under room temperature place 5～15min digested, make alliin to
Allicin is converted；
2) garlic that chopping has been digested is put in Accelerate solvent extraction instrument ASE carries out that extract is obtained by extraction；
Extraction conditions is：Extractant is absolute ethyl alcohol, and 9.80～11.20Mpa of pressure, 40～50 DEG C of extraction temperature, static state extracts
Take 4～10min of time, cycling extraction number of times 2～4 times, flush volume 50～70%, 150～200s of purge time；
3) concentrated by rotary evaporation：By step 2) in the extract that obtains adopt Rotary Evaporators, be concentrated by evaporation to extraction under the conditions of 45 DEG C
The 1/20～1/10 of liquid volume ratio is taken, then with 12000g centrifugations, supernatant is taken and is obtained allicin extraction mother liquor, according to public affairs
Formula (1) calculates the concentration that allicin extracts mother liquor, unit g/mL, 4 DEG C of preservations；
4) allicin is extracted and adds deionized water dilution allicin to extract mother liquor in mother liquor by volume, obtains concentration for 25mg/
The allicin extract of mL.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201611250839.6A CN106613266A (en) | 2016-12-30 | 2016-12-30 | Method for relieving apple continuous cropping obstacles by means of allicin |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201611250839.6A CN106613266A (en) | 2016-12-30 | 2016-12-30 | Method for relieving apple continuous cropping obstacles by means of allicin |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112830854A (en) * | 2021-02-22 | 2021-05-25 | 东北农业大学 | Foliar fertilizer for preventing and controlling fusarium solani and application thereof |
| CN113812426A (en) * | 2021-10-22 | 2021-12-21 | 天津科技大学 | Preparation method of garlic straw returning crop root rot control agent and product |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101884293A (en) * | 2009-05-15 | 2010-11-17 | 山东农业大学 | New method for overcoming continuous cropping obstacle of apple |
| CN104705148A (en) * | 2015-04-09 | 2015-06-17 | 山东农业大学 | Method for alleviating continuous cropping obstacle of apples by mixing cropping of fruits and dwarf shallow root crops |
| CN106083681A (en) * | 2016-06-30 | 2016-11-09 | 成都生辉电子科技有限公司 | A kind of garlicin extraction process |
-
2016
- 2016-12-30 CN CN201611250839.6A patent/CN106613266A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101884293A (en) * | 2009-05-15 | 2010-11-17 | 山东农业大学 | New method for overcoming continuous cropping obstacle of apple |
| CN104705148A (en) * | 2015-04-09 | 2015-06-17 | 山东农业大学 | Method for alleviating continuous cropping obstacle of apples by mixing cropping of fruits and dwarf shallow root crops |
| CN106083681A (en) * | 2016-06-30 | 2016-11-09 | 成都生辉电子科技有限公司 | A kind of garlicin extraction process |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112830854A (en) * | 2021-02-22 | 2021-05-25 | 东北农业大学 | Foliar fertilizer for preventing and controlling fusarium solani and application thereof |
| CN113812426A (en) * | 2021-10-22 | 2021-12-21 | 天津科技大学 | Preparation method of garlic straw returning crop root rot control agent and product |
| CN113812426B (en) * | 2021-10-22 | 2022-11-11 | 天津科技大学 | Preparation method of garlic straw returning crop root rot control agent and product |
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