CN106576890A - Cultivation method for slippery mushrooms - Google Patents
Cultivation method for slippery mushrooms Download PDFInfo
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- CN106576890A CN106576890A CN201610987531.3A CN201610987531A CN106576890A CN 106576890 A CN106576890 A CN 106576890A CN 201610987531 A CN201610987531 A CN 201610987531A CN 106576890 A CN106576890 A CN 106576890A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D3/00—Calcareous fertilisers
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
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- Mushroom Cultivation (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a cultivation method for slippery mushrooms. The cultivation method comprises the following steps of (1) culture medium proportioning, (2) material mixing, (3) sterilization, (4), inoculation, (5), spawn running, (6), over-summering management, (7), fruiting period management and (8) harvesting period management. According to the cultivation method for the slippery mushrooms, the production quantity and the quality of the slippery mushrooms are improved through culture medium proportioning component and proportion matching, inoculation, sterilization, over-summering management, fruiting period management as well as temperature, humidity and management method control during harvesting period management.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to fungus growing technique field, more particularly to the cultivation technique of pholiota nameko.
Background technology
Pholiota nameko also known as Pholiota nameko, Pholiota nameko, Japan are named and receive U.S. mushroom.Belong to Eumycota, basidiomycetes on botany classification sub-
Door, Basidiomycetess, Agaricaless, cortina Cordycepps, Pholiota.Belong to rare kind, originate in Japan, from middle nineteen seventies, begin
In Liaoning Province southern areas, existing main producing region is the ground such as northern Hebei, Liaoning, Heilungkiang.Pholiota nameko belongs to domestomycetes, in nature
Be grown in broad leaf tree more, especially the stump of Fagaceae, fall wood on.Artificial culture HUAZIGU is with wood flour, straw stalk, Testa oryzae, Testa Tritici
It is tame compost Deng the agricultural byproducts rich in lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose, protein.How HUAZIGU is made
Volume of production, quality improve constantly a problem for becoming the research of edible fungi now.
The content of the invention
In order that improve constantly the volume of production of HUAZIGU, quality, the invention provides a kind of high yield, high-quality cunning
Sub- mushroom cultural method.
The technical scheme that adopted for achieving the above object of the present invention is：A kind of pholiota nameko cultural method, including following step
Suddenly：
（1）, culture medium dispensing, wood flour 50% ~ 60%, Testa Tritici or Testa oryzae 10% ~ 15%, corn cob 25 ~ 35%, Gypsum Fibrosum 0.5 ~ 2%, Calx
0.2 ~ 1%, ph value 6.0-6.5, water content 60%-65%；
（2）, spice, compost is weighed up in proportion, is stirred, amount of water can be according to the dry and wet of raw material, and heap is vexed 30 minutes.
（3）, sterilizing, steam type spreading sterilizing, then bag disk；
（4）, inoculation, batch temperature be 20-25 DEG C between be inoculated with；
（5）, send out bacterium, temperature is maintained between 4 DEG C～32 DEG C, and humidity is not less than 70%～75%；
（6）, more summer field management reason, when temperature reaches 28 degree, water spray is drastically lowered the temperature；
（7）, fruiting period management, draw bacterium, be divided into the openning of wide 0.5cm, 10～15 DEG C of keeping temperature, air humidity is maintained at 85%
Between～95%；
（8）, harvesting period management, should cut off the water after harvest head damp mushroom 2～3 days, recover the mycelia on mushroom disk, accumulation nutrient, make
Mushroom disk water content reaches 70%, and in canopy, air humidity is strengthened ventilation, widens day and night temperature, promote two damp mushrooms to be formed up to 85%.
The step（4）In, during inoculation, bag mouth is opened, fill 1 kilogram material pouch open 4 cave～6 caves, fill 2 kilograms～
The sacks of 3 kilograms of material make a call to 8 cave～10 caves, with will strain access in cave, often cave connects 2 pieces of the strain of Semen Viciae fabae size, and charge level connects one
Layer strain, plus plastics neck set, plastic bag head fill in aseptic tampon from upset in neck set.
The pholiota nameko cultural method of the present invention, by the collocation of culture medium food ingredient and proportion, is inoculated with, sterilizes, gets over the summer
In management, fruiting period management and harvesting period management, the control of temperature humidity and management method, improves volume of production, the matter of HUAZIGU
Amount.
Specific embodiment
Fruit variety, different split pole morning non-hibernating eggs of the HUAZIGU according to fruiting temperature, fruiting thermophilic is 7 DEG C～20 DEG C, early life
Kind（5 DEG C -15 DEG C）, middle non-hibernating eggs（7 DEG C -12 DEG C）, I's kind（5 DEG C -10 DEG C）.Producer will be according to local climate, cultivation side
Formula and purpose are selecting improved seeds.The main breed of main producing region mainly has early rich 112, c3～1 etc. now.Strain is selected, choosing
With requiring not degenerate during strain, do not mix, mycelia is pure white from the appearance, villiform, growth is fine and close, uniform, healthy and strong；Require cell age
It is at 50-60 days, not aging, not atrophy, without seeping phenomenon；Answer each variety matching to use during from strain, single can not use one
Kind is planted, prevents fruiting from excessively concentrating impact production marketing.Existing standardized production typically goes out mushroom shed using venetian blind type, and canopy is high
3.5m, in canopy, culturing rack can be set up with rod, bamboo stem layering, general frame high 1.7 m～1.8m, wide 0.6m, and bottom is away from ground
0.2m, layer frame 0.3 m of spacing～0.4m, are advisable with setting seven layers, and 0.8m aisle is stayed in centre.Also column can be worked as with cement, draws four 8
The structure of number iron wire for cross bar.Culture medium dispensing：Wood flour 57%, Testa Tritici or Testa oryzae 12%, corn cob 30%, Gypsum Fibrosum 1%, Calx
0.5%, ph value 6.0-6.5, water content 60%-65%.Compost is weighed up in proportion, is stirred, amount of water can be according to original
The dry and wet of material, makes water content up to 60%-65%, and heap is vexed 30 minutes.Sterilizing, is sterilized using bulk cargo, steam type (inflated type boiler) layer
Layer spreading sterilization.First by one layer of pot drawer upper berth gunnysack in order to avoid material leakage, it is 6cm to be tiled thick on pot drawer after coming on steam again
The compost (handss or spade can not be used to clap pressure) of～8cm or so.When coming on air, then spreading is layered with spade, accomplish spreading
Uniformly, gas to be pushed down, so loads from level to level, fills 8 points completely, that is, charge level is attached to from 20cm suitable for reading.Add a cover, be compacted,
Big fire is attacked fiercely after being kept for 2 hours up to after 100 DEG C, then vexed 30～40 minutes can take the dish out of the pot while hot, and sterilizing must be thorough, and per pot is fitted
Preferably sterilize 200-500 disks.First mould is placed on pallet, the thin film for cutting out in advance is placed in despot's power solution of 800 times of liquid
It is placed on mould again after 10 minutes in the solution of immersion or the potassium permanganate for being placed on 0.1% and is completed, by the compost for having sterilized while hot
Sabot, compost temperature can not be less than 80 DEG C, and the compost in bacterium disk is compressed, is compacted, is wrapped.Inoculation, during inoculation, by bag mouth
Open, the pouch for filling 1 kilogram of material opens 4 cave～6 caves, and the sacks for filling 2 kilograms～3 kilograms material make a call to 8 cave～10 caves, with will strain
2 pieces of strain for connecing Semen Viciae fabae size in cave per cave is accessed, charge level connects one layer of strain, plus plastics neck set, and plastic bag head covers varus from neck
Turn, fill in aseptic tampon.Hair tube is managed, and sends out bacterium early stage：Bacterium panel surface is covered with from Pholiota nameko mycelia is inoculated into, is about needed 15～25 days, is connect
Bacterium disk after kind；A pile is built up per 6～8 Pan Duo, above and surrounding cover straw screen or mat, crop stalk etc. prevents bacterium disk from freezing.This
Period emphases of supervision is：Ventilation again should be incubated, at 3～7 degree, optimum temperature is 4～6 to keep temperature between disk and disk
Degree.Once, by the bacterium disk positioned at pile top down to bottom, the bacterium disk of originally bottom is moved on to general each all collapses of setting before bacterium is sent out
Portion, sends out a bacterium early stage and answers collapse of setting 2～3 times.The north HUAZIGU inoculation of mycelium germination field planting period management is typically scheduled at mid-February～3
The middle of the month completes, and now mean daily temperature is at -6 DEG C～5 DEG C or so, 5 DEG C of the minimum temperature not up to needed for mycelial growth with
On, artificial temperature raising is at this moment needed, as sent out bacterium in outdoor code-disc, night will be impaled around bacterium pile using corn stalk or Caulis et Folium Oryzae.Promote
Mycelia is colonized, and surveys material temperature once every three or four days, when truffle temperature is higher than more than 12 DEG C, should put bacterium disk single-deck restocking.
Send out bacterium mid-term, i.e. mycelium bacterium panel surface is covered with substantially to the period for penetrating whole bacterium disk.During this, temperature is slow
Go up, bacterium disk hence into bacterium mid-term is sent out, should be moved on to single-deck on culturing rack and be put up to 15 degree by noon maximum temperature in time.
This phase should be noted that ventilation in mushroom house, it is ensured that in bacterium disk, mycelia has the oxygen supply of abundance, need 25～30 days during this.Mycelia
Extension front cover period management, the mycelium of field planting gradually bleaches, and to extending around.As temperature is improved, mycelial growth is accelerated simultaneously
Grow into material, but with the rising of temperature, miscellaneous bacteria can also spread, and pollute, this stage should centered on Pollution protection,
The bacterium disk of non-restocking is put into " product " font, and below 8 layers of height of embankment, temperature of shed control is advisable at 8 DEG C～12 DEG C, it is desirable to five to seven days
Collapse of setting turn over once, stronger ventilation amount.Mycelia covers with period management, and into mid-April, temperature is raised, and mycelia has been covered with entirely
Disk, now mycelia breathing are strengthened, and oxygen demand is increased, and discharge heat, need temperature control at 18 DEG C or so, in addition stronger ventilation amount.
Send out the bacterium later stage：Mycelium penetrate whole culture medium to bacterium panel surface formed orange colour wax coat during, the emphasis of management
Suitably to increase scattering light in mushroom house, promote normally forming for wax coat, should also continue to keep mushroom house normally to divulge information, cross
Bacterium later stage, bacterium disk enter the more phase in summer, entirely more during the summer, should continue to keep the ventilation in mushroom house, while will also lower the temperature to mushroom shed,
Can be solved by increasing degree of shading, it is also possible to spray well water to realize cooling with bacterium panel surface to inside and outside mushroom shed.Seven Augusts
High temperature season arrives, and HUAZIGU has typically formed one layer of yellowish-brown wax layer, truffle high resilience, to poor environment resistivity
Strengthen, when temperature reaches 28 degree, water spray is drastically lowered the temperature.9 points of sprays of the morning once, spray once by noon, and at 3 points in afternoon sprays once, outside canopy
Liege is scorching, and in canopy, drizzle is unbroken, air clear away heart-fire it is nice and cool, bacterium disk low temperature security personnel. can also facilitate early fruiting, it is desirable to each Planting household
Conscientiously abide by.
Just the middle ten days temperature is stable at 22 DEG C or so for September, and HUAZIGU has reached physiological maturity, can carry out opening quotation management of producing mushroom, truffle
Mycoderma it is too thick, draw the bacterium depth will appropriateness, general 0.5cm is deep, the too deep truffle easy fracture of line.Then keep flat or stand up
On frame, spray water, adjust canopy temperature to 18 DEG C or so, promote fruit-body formation.Bacterium disk after opening quotation cuttings enters the laundering period, should not horse
On spray water to mushroom panel surface, and should continue for bag disk thin film to be covered in bacterium panel surface 4～5 days, treat that designated port grows newborn mycelium
After can carry out water spray management.It initial 4～5 days is the light water stage that water distribution is managed, and by spraying a small amount of spray water to card, is kept
Card is moistened, and mainly sprays water to space and ground, ambient humidity is increased to 85～90%, spray water 3～4 times daily.From
Initially enter the heavy water stage within six days, should spray water to card, moisture is gradually penetrated into into disk, a night spray should be increased during this
Water, time can be at late 8 points～10 points, or 2～3 points in the second half of the night, make bacterium disk moisture content reach 70% in 15～20 days.To disk
Face water spray number should be according to the compaction rate of bacterium disk depending on, bacterium disk is closely knit, and infiltration is slow, suitably can spray water more, bacterium disk wax layer
It is thin and truffle is soft, suitably should spray water less.When ambient temperature and suitable humidity, card starts ecru former base occur, this
The water management in stage should make the mushroom flower bud of card remain moisture state, when cap grows to 0.3 based on holding space humidity
During～0.5cm, should suitably increase injection flow rate, until mushroom body reaches commodity requirement.After having adopted one batch of mushroom, card residual mushroom should be cleared up
Totally, stop water spray 4 days, allow mycelia restoration ecosystem, accumulate nutrition.During fruiting, mushroom body and mycelium oxygen demand increase, Ying Ding
Phase is mushroom house ventilation, will otherwise cause young mushroom dead and mushroom body deformity.
HUAZIGU belongs to low form species, and under the conditions of 10～15 DEG C, sporophore growth is convenient, higher than 20 DEG C of sporophore shapes
Into slow, mushroom lid is little, handle is thin, meat is thin, easy parachute-opening.Sporophore is strong to low temperature resistant power, can also grow at 5 DEG C or so, but not vigorous.
Under temperature match curing conditions, sporophore growth is fabulous, and product mushroom is more, mushroom body is big, meat is thick, quality good, healthy and strong without miscellaneous bacteria.Season in late autumn after September
Section, natural temperature differential are big, should make full use of natural temperature differential, strengthen management, and promote voluminous mushroom.Nighttime temperature is low, goes out mushroom shed temperature not
Less than 10 DEG C；Noon temperature is high, it should be noted that ventilation, makes not higher than 20 DEG C of fruiting room temperature.
Moisture is one of essential condition of HUAZIGU high yield, is the needs for ensureing the development of HUAZIGU sporophore growth to moisture, should
Suitably spray water, increase truffle moisture (70% or so) and air humidity (90% or so), at least spray water 2 times daily, applying the water yield should
Determined according to humidity height and sporophore growth situation in canopy.Air humidity will be maintained between 85%～95%, dry weather, wind
Flow through greatly, can suitably increase water spray number of times, sporophore generation is more, and mushroom bulk-growth is more vigorous, and metabolic capacity is bigger, more need to increase
Apply the water yield.
HUAZIGU should be harvested before parachute-opening, harvest not only HUAZIGU commercial quality and decline after parachute-opening, and harvesting standard is according to buyer agent
Require to determine.Should cut off the water after having harvested head damp mushroom 2～3 days, recover the mycelia on mushroom disk, accumulate nutrient, make mushroom disk water content
70% is reached, air humidity is strengthened ventilation, widens day and night temperature, promote two damp mushrooms to be formed up to 85% in canopy.
The present invention is described by embodiment, and those skilled in the art know, in the spirit without departing from the present invention
In the case of scope, various changes or equivalence replacement can be carried out to these features and embodiment.In addition, in the religion of the present invention
Lead down, these features and embodiment can be modified to adapt to the essence of particular situation and material without departing from the present invention
God and scope.Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the particular embodiment disclosed, fallen with claims hereof
In the range of embodiment belong to protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of pholiota nameko cultural method, it is characterised in that：Comprise the following steps：
（1）, culture medium dispensing, wood flour 50% ~ 60%, Testa Tritici or Testa oryzae 10% ~ 15%, corn cob 25 ~ 35%, Gypsum Fibrosum 0.5 ~ 2%, Calx
0.2 ~ 1%, ph value 6.0-6.5, water content 60%-65%；
（2）, spice, compost is weighed up in proportion, is stirred, amount of water can be according to the dry and wet of raw material, and heap is vexed 30 minutes；
（3）, sterilizing, steam type spreading sterilizing, then bag disk；
（4）, inoculation, batch temperature be 20-25 DEG C between be inoculated with；
（5）, send out bacterium, temperature is maintained between 4 DEG C～32 DEG C, and humidity is not less than 70%～75%；
（6）, more summer field management reason, when temperature reaches 28 degree, water spray is drastically lowered the temperature；
（7）, fruiting period management, draw bacterium, be divided into the openning of wide 0.5cm, 10～15 DEG C of keeping temperature, air humidity is maintained at 85%
Between～95%；
（8）, harvesting period management, should cut off the water after harvest head damp mushroom 2～3 days, recover the mycelia on mushroom disk, accumulation nutrient, make
Mushroom disk water content reaches 70%, and in canopy, air humidity is strengthened ventilation, widens day and night temperature, promote two damp mushrooms to be formed up to 85%.
2. a kind of pholiota nameko cultural method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The step（4）In, during inoculation,
Bag mouth is opened, the pouch for filling 1 kilogram of material opens 4 cave～6 caves, and the sack for filling 2 kilograms～3 kilograms material makes a call to 8 cave～10 caves, immediately
Strain is accessed 2 pieces of strain for connecing Semen Viciae fabae size in cave per cave, charge level connects one layer of strain, plus plastics neck set, and plastic bag head is from neck
Upset in set, fills in aseptic tampon.
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| CN201610987531.3A CN106576890A (en) | 2016-11-10 | 2016-11-10 | Cultivation method for slippery mushrooms |
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| CN201610987531.3A CN106576890A (en) | 2016-11-10 | 2016-11-10 | Cultivation method for slippery mushrooms |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108834755A (en) * | 2018-08-13 | 2018-11-20 | 重庆市映山红食用菌有限公司 | The cultural method of ripe pholiota nameko in a kind of |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1701654A (en) * | 2005-06-16 | 2005-11-30 | 关平 | Cultivating technology of anti-season pholiota nameko |
| CN102144496A (en) * | 2011-03-29 | 2011-08-10 | 福建绿宝食品集团有限公司 | Method for cultivating nameko mushrooms |
| CN102613006A (en) * | 2012-04-20 | 2012-08-01 | 沈阳蕈丰食用菌科技有限公司 | Pholiota nameko culture method |
| CN103881931A (en) * | 2014-04-04 | 2014-06-25 | 王会森 | Pholiota nameko and culture method thereof |
-
2016
- 2016-11-10 CN CN201610987531.3A patent/CN106576890A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1701654A (en) * | 2005-06-16 | 2005-11-30 | 关平 | Cultivating technology of anti-season pholiota nameko |
| CN102144496A (en) * | 2011-03-29 | 2011-08-10 | 福建绿宝食品集团有限公司 | Method for cultivating nameko mushrooms |
| CN102613006A (en) * | 2012-04-20 | 2012-08-01 | 沈阳蕈丰食用菌科技有限公司 | Pholiota nameko culture method |
| CN103881931A (en) * | 2014-04-04 | 2014-06-25 | 王会森 | Pholiota nameko and culture method thereof |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
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| 河北省农业厅: "《北方食用菌生产技术手册》", 31 October 2005, 河北科学技术出版 * |
| 郭海燕等: "承德市食品滑子菇标准化生产技术", 《农业开发与装备》 * |
| 郭玉波等: "浅谈滑子蘑生产技术措施", 《农民致富之友》 * |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108834755A (en) * | 2018-08-13 | 2018-11-20 | 重庆市映山红食用菌有限公司 | The cultural method of ripe pholiota nameko in a kind of |
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