CN106574742A - 用于保护机动车高压气体容器的装置 - Google Patents

用于保护机动车高压气体容器的装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106574742A
CN106574742A CN201580043277.5A CN201580043277A CN106574742A CN 106574742 A CN106574742 A CN 106574742A CN 201580043277 A CN201580043277 A CN 201580043277A CN 106574742 A CN106574742 A CN 106574742A
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heat
region
conducting plate
pressure gas
releasing unit
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CN201580043277.5A
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CN106574742B (zh
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C·施瓦茨
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Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
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Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/02—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment
    • F17C13/026—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment having the temperature as the parameter
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C1/00—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge
    • F17C1/12—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge with provision for thermal insulation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K15/00—Arrangement in connection with fuel supply of combustion engines or other fuel consuming energy converters, e.g. fuel cells; Mounting or construction of fuel tanks
    • B60K15/03—Fuel tanks
    • B60K15/03006—Gas tanks
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/04—Arrangement or mounting of valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/12—Arrangements or mounting of devices for preventing or minimising the effect of explosion ; Other safety measures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/12—Arrangements or mounting of devices for preventing or minimising the effect of explosion ; Other safety measures
    • F17C13/123—Arrangements or mounting of devices for preventing or minimising the effect of explosion ; Other safety measures for gas bottles, cylinders or reservoirs for tank vehicles or for railway tank wagons
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
    • F28F21/08—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of metal
    • F28F21/081—Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys
    • F28F21/084—Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys from aluminium or aluminium alloys
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F3/00—Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
    • F28F3/02—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations
    • F28F3/022—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being wires or pins
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K15/00—Arrangement in connection with fuel supply of combustion engines or other fuel consuming energy converters, e.g. fuel cells; Mounting or construction of fuel tanks
    • B60K15/03—Fuel tanks
    • B60K2015/03328—Arrangements or special measures related to fuel tanks or fuel handling
    • B60K2015/03421—Arrangements or special measures related to fuel tanks or fuel handling to protect the fuel tank against heat
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/05—Size
    • F17C2201/056—Small (<1 m3)
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    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
    • F17C2203/0304—Thermal insulations by solid means
    • F17C2203/0345—Fibres
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    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
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    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
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    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于保护机动车高压气体容器10的装置，其包括至少一个导热板20和至少一个热释放单元30。导热板20具有远中侧的区域D和近中侧的区域P。近中侧的区域P直接相邻于热释放单元30设置并且远中侧的区域D与热释放单元30间隔开距离地设置。导热板20从远中侧的区域D朝向近中侧的区域P变细地成形和/或在近中侧的区域P本身中变细地成形和/或导热板20可包括导热纤维22。

Description

用于保护机动车高压气体容器的装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于保护机动车高压气体容器的装置。高压气体容器(其通常也称为复合容器、复合材料容器或纤维复合容器)通常包括完全或部分纤维增强的材料层，所述材料层围绕一个内衬。该内衬通常由铝或钢制成并且存储压缩气体，如压缩空气、氧气、甲烷、氢气、二氧化碳等。也已知塑料内衬(全复合容器)。这种高压气体容器例如可用于借助压缩天然气(经常称为CNG)或氢气运行的车辆中。低温压力容器在此也属于这种高压气体容器。
背景技术
在使用这种高压气体容器时存在其结构由于热作用而减弱的危险。由现有技术已知使用安全阀、所谓的热压力释放装置(TPRD)。这些安全阀用于防火。安全阀或者说防火阀的设计例如通过标准EC79/2009规定。在热作用直接作用于安全阀时(如通过火焰)，高压气体容器中储存的气体被排放到环境中。一旦超过安全阀上的最低温度，则安全阀排放气体。所述阀通常以大约1m的距离间隔开地沿高压气体容器的纵向方向设置。沿着大压力容器的这些阀在此分别只能顾及空间非常有限的附属区。因此，在两个阀之间作用于储罐的小的局部火焰可能在安全装置未激活的情况下严重损坏高压气体容器。通过局部热源(如火焰)的热作用产生的高压气体容器的损坏、如承载负荷的纤维复合材料的损坏可能导致失效并且在极端情况下可能导致高压气体容器的爆裂。高压气体容器储存具有高达875巴的压力的气体。因此，高压气体容器的爆裂可能对整个车辆造成极为危险的损坏。纤维复合材料层通常承受主要负荷。纤维增强材料层通过热或机械影响的损坏因此可会迅速导致耐久性的显著降低或构件的显著减弱。
DE 201110114723 A1公开了一种装置，在该装置中，在高压气体容器下方设置一个屏蔽板，该屏蔽板具有热空气通道，所述热空气通道在热释放单元区域中具有开口。为了使热空气能够有效被导向释放单元，需要一定的通道尺寸和一定程度的上升。此外，热空气通道也应从下方封闭，以避免热空气不由于其它流动(如行车风、风暴等)而转向。该装置因此需要一定的安装空间。此外，几何形状在制造和组装方面相对复杂并且导致相对高的成本。当热通道本身损坏或堵塞时，就不能再可靠地检测远中侧的局部热作用。
DE 102013016036 A1公开了一种导热排气管路12，其不适合用于检测直接作用于容器的热作用。
DE 102009024593 A1和DE 102007044189 A1公开了卷绕的导热结构。不利的是，这些导热结构直接贴靠在容器上。基于良好的导热能力，热量在此也将直接输入待保护层，于是损坏待保护层。
发明内容
在此所公开技术的一个优选任务在于，减少或消除已知高压气体容器的缺点。所述任务通过权利要求1的技术方案得以解决。从属权利要求构成有利方案。
在此所公开的技术涉及一种用于保护机动车(如可以以天然气或氢气作为燃料的车辆)的高压气体容器的装置。在此例如使用上述高压气体容器。
所述装置包括至少一个导热板和至少一个热释放单元。热释放单元例如是由现有技术公开的安全阀，其也称为热压力释放装置(TPRD)。导热板是能够良好或特别好地导热的金属板、板或层。
为此使用导热能力特别好的材料。例如，导热板可由金属、尤其是铝制成。
导热板具有远中侧的区域和近中侧的区域。近中侧的区域直接相邻于热释放单元设置，而远中侧的区域与热释放单元间隔开距离地设置。“相邻于热释放单元”表示：近中侧的区域可直接贴靠在释放单元上和/或与释放单元隔开一点距离。例如，近中侧的区域可包括导热板的这样的区域，这些区域与释放单元间隔开小于约10cm、优选小于约5cm、并且特别优选小于约2cm的距离。近中侧的区域例如是这样的区域，在该区域中，可通过热辐射和/或热传导高效地将热量传导至释放单元。远中侧的区域与热释放单元间隔开距离地设置。这表示，远中侧的区域比近中侧的区域更加远离释放单元地设置。远中侧的区域通常是这样的区域，在该区域中，热释放单元不能或只能不令人满意地检测局部热作用，从而产生高压气体容器受损的危险。远中侧的区域与近中侧的区域导热连接。
导热板从远中侧的区域朝向近中侧的区域至少在部分区域上变细地成形。替代或附加地，远中侧的区域和/或近中侧的区域本身至少在部分区域上变细地成形。尤其是，导热板这样变细地成形，使得与近中侧的区域相邻设置的释放单元相比于使用不具有变细形状的导热板检测到升高的导热板温度，由此释放单元可更快地释放。尤其是导热板这样变细，使得释放单元能够在局部热作用会损坏高压气体容器之前释放。有利的是，可为一个或多个释放单元设置多个变细区域。
与现有技术相反，在此所公开的技术基于：通过合适地成形导热板能够影响导热板的温度。热传导与行车风几乎无关。导热板的可靠性也高于现有技术。此外，导热板也可以简单制造和组装。
TPRD区域中的温度升高主要通过热传导产生。根据简化的静态考虑，下述公式适用于导热板：
Q＝m*c*ΔT (1)
其中，Q是输入的热量(例如通过燃烧)、m是质量、c是比热容并且ΔT是温度升高。
输入的热量和比热容在当前情况下是恒定的。由于朝向释放单元方向的材料变细，质量在该方向上减小，由此，根据上述公式，越靠近释放单元，则温度升高就越大。因此，热量可在无热空气通道的情况下快速传输至释放单元。
导热板可沿高压气体容器的纵向方向设置。此外，导热板也可沿高压气体容器的圆周方向设置。沿圆周方向的定向例如在如下情况下是适宜的，即，多个释放单元沿高压气体容器纵向方向依次设置。远中侧的区域在此情况下例如可以是沿圆周方向与释放单元相对置地设置的区域。
导热板可包括导热纤维。导热纤维优选从远中侧的区域朝向近中侧的区域延伸并且也优选延伸到近中侧的区域中。优选地，导热纤维也在远中侧的区域和/或近中侧的区域本身中延伸。换言之，导热板可以是纤维复合构件或纤维复合层。纤维在此例如可以是金属纤维、优选碳纤维或铝纤维或铝丝，它们被基质材料、如塑料保持。借助这种纤维复合构件可使热量定向地、有针对性地沿方向L传导至释放单元，而沿横向方向Q、即横向于纤维走向的热传导却很小。基质材料本身具有相对差的热传导特性。因此可实现特别有效且有针对性的热传导。在此所公开技术的该方面在功能上独立于设置变细成形区域的思想。
但优选的是，导热板的纤维密度朝向释放单元增大。例如导热板可以按上述和下述方式变细地成形。纤维因此会聚、即相互靠近地设置。此外，导热板可以是具有大致恒定宽度B的纤维复合构件，在该纤维复合构件中，仅导热纤维朝向释放单元会聚地设置。
优选地，导热板(无论是全物质材料还是纤维复合材料)以下述方式变细，即，导热板的宽度B和/或导热板的壁厚朝向释放单元至少在部分区域上减小。导热板的宽度B是横向于导热板纵轴线的延伸尺寸。壁厚表示导热板的厚度。优选地，导热板具有0.1mm至40mm壁厚、进一步优选3mm至20mm的壁厚并且特别优选6mm至15mm的壁厚。
所述宽度B在近中侧的区域中可比在远中侧的区域D中小至少10％、优选至少30％并且特别优选至少60％。远中侧的区域中的宽度B可由压力容器的圆周区域中的圆周直径乘以系数0.9至1.5、优选1.0至1.3并且特别优选1.2计算出。近中侧的区域中的宽度B可由压力容器的圆周区域中的圆周直径乘以系数0.05至0.9、优选0.05至0.75、进一步优选0.05至0.25并且特别优选0.1计算出。在此所公开的导热板优选覆盖压力容器总圆周面积或总表面积的至少50％、进一步优选至少75％并且特别优选覆盖总圆周面积或总表面积。
优选地，导热板侧面边缘沿导热板纵向方向至少在部分区域上凹形延伸。导热板可热绝缘地固定在高压气体容器上和/或车辆底板上。导热板可至少在部分区域上具有膨胀性金属材料、特别优选膨胀性铝材料。
膨胀性金属材料和膨胀性铝材料在专利申请DE 102014213585中被描述。该文献中所描述的技术内容、尤其是第二至八页描述膨胀性金属或铝材料的内容因此通过引用纳入本申请中。
术语“膨胀性”通常指膨胀或胀大，即固体在热作用下的体积增大。在防火方面，该术语表示材料的“膨胀”或“发泡”。膨胀性材料在热作用下体积增大并且密度减小。在此，体积显著超过热膨胀的通常水平、常常是其数倍。物理特性显著变化。通过膨胀或发泡例如产生绝缘层。膨胀性金属材料、如膨胀性金属泡沫的优点在于，它们在未发泡的原始状态中与其它膨胀性材料相比具有相对高的热导率。现在当在局部在一点上例如通过局部火焰发生剧烈加热时，则该热量分布在膨胀性金属层的较大表面上。这导致膨胀性金属材料更均匀的加热。局部作用的热量向表面的分布首先减小了局部热作用对该点加热的速度。此外，即使在由小火焰引起的小的局部热作用的情况下就已经可大面积地产生金属泡沫，该金属泡沫于是大面积地保护储罐不被局部热作用损坏。膨胀性金属材料还可防止纤维增强材料层受到机械作用。膨胀性金属材料优选包括金属粉末和金属氢化物、如氢化钛。此外，膨胀性金属材料优选构造为膨胀性铝材料。优选地，膨胀性铝材料包括铝合金和发泡剂。例如，膨胀层可构造为含有发泡剂氢化钛的铝合金。这种泡沫铝在热作用下例如膨胀4倍，在此产生具有多孔结构的泡沫。在发泡状态中，泡沫例如具有约0.6g/cm3的密度。膨胀性铝材料在未发泡的原始状态中与其它膨胀性金属材料相比具有较低密度。作为发泡剂也可使用其它金属氢化物。此外，除了铝之外还可使用例如铜、锌、铅或钢/铁。
膨胀性金属材料、尤其是铝还具有非常好的热传导特性。因此，热量可快速从远中侧的区域中的局部热源F通过热传导传输至释放单元。但当释放单元不能及时打开安全阀时，至少膨胀的金属材料可防止或延迟高压气体容器的损坏。有利的是，选择仅在较高温度下才开始膨胀的膨胀性金属材料。由此可确保膨胀仅发生在释放单元未释放或过晚释放的情况。
优选地，所述至少一个近中侧的区域与所述至少一个释放单元导热连接。即，近中侧的区域直接贴靠在释放单元上。
导热板可同轴于高压气体容器的纵向方向L延伸。释放单元可设置在高压气体容器的圆周壁上。有利的是，近中侧的区域变细地成形。变细区域可(横向地)沿高压气体容器的圆周方向延伸。换言之，变细区域横向于高压气体容器的纵轴线L延伸。变细区域可侧向突出地构造。换言之，导热板的侧面边缘具有突出部，在该突出部中，变细区域在近中侧构造或者说与释放单元相邻地构造。附加地，变细区域也可沿高压气体容器的纵向方向设置，该变细区域例如与释放单元相邻地设置在高压气体容器的阀端部上。
优选地，所述装置可包括多个导热板，它们如上或如下所述地构造。所述多个导热板可并排和/或依次相继设置并且保护一个或多个高压气体容器。此外，一个导热板可具有多个远中侧的区域和多个近中侧的区域，它们以在此所描述的方式相对于多个热释放单元设置。例如，导热板可构造用于保护高压气体容器，该高压气体容器沿其纵向方向在其圆周壁上具有多个彼此间隔开距离的释放单元。近中侧的区域因此是与各个释放单元相邻的区域。远中侧的区域例如是在两个释放单元之间的中间或沿圆周方向设置在相反端部上的区域。例如，一个导热板可具有多个彼此连接的菱形形状。同样，多个导热板也可保护具有多个释放单元的高压气体容器。
附图说明
现在借助附图示例性说明在此所公开的技术。对附图的说明仅供参考并且不应当用于对所公开技术的限制性解释。附图如下：
图1为高压气体容器10和装置20、30的俯视图；
图2为导热板20的俯视图和示意性温度分布；以及
图3至5为高压气体容器10和装置20、30的视图。
具体实施方式
图1示出在俯视图中构造成三角形的导热板20和高压气体容器10。在高压气体容器10的阀端部16上设有阀12。在阀端部16上还设有释放装置或者说TPRD 30。导热板20覆盖大部分高压气体容器10。近中侧的区域P直接相邻于释放单元30设置。高压气体容器10的第二端部18与阀端部16相对置。导热板20也终止于第二端部18的区域中。在导热板20的该端部区域中示例性示出远中侧的区域D。在此所示的导热板20朝向释放单元30持续变细。导热板20在此沿高压气体容器10的纵向方向L突出超过释放单元30。附图标记14表示高压气体容器10的圆周壁，其在两个端部16、18之间延伸。
图2以俯视图示意性示出导热板20以及释放单元30。各导热纤维22在此持续变细地朝向释放单元30方向相互靠近地延伸。因此，纤维密度朝向释放单元30逐渐增大。导热板20在近中侧的区域P中以及在远中侧的区域D中变细地构造。此外，在近中侧的区域P和远中侧的区域D之间的区域也变细地构造。除了该优选实施方式外，也可构造具有导热纤维22的导热板20，该导热板具有恒定或大致恒定的宽度B。沿轴向方向L延伸的纤维将通过局部热源F输入的热量良好地沿纵向方向L传输。但在横向方向Q上、即垂直于纤维走向，热量只能缓慢地传输。因此，大部分通过设置在远中侧的区域D中的局部热源F输入的热量可传输至释放单元30。
以实线示出的温度曲线T1示意性示出具有各向同性的热传导特性的矩形板所呈现的温度曲线。以虚线示出的温度曲线T2示意性示出具有从远中侧的区域向近中侧的区域延伸的导热纤维的矩形导热板的温度曲线。当使用如图1和3至5所示具有变细区域的导热板时，可实现类似的曲线。温度曲线T3示意性示出具有附加变细构造的导热纤维(参见图2)的导热板中的温度。所有三个温度曲线的基础是在远中侧的区域D中通过局部热源F持续输入恒定热量。
可清楚地看到，与具有各向同性热传导特性的矩形导热板20相比，在此公开的导热板在释放单元上具有较高的温度。变细构造的纤维复合构件20通过朝向释放单元30方向变密的导热纤维22而在近中侧的区域P中进一步具有升高的温度。
图3示意性示出高压气体容器10以及导热板20和释放单元30。与图1和2不同，导热板20在此具有另外的轮廓。代替从一个端部向另一端部持续线性变细，导热板20在此在远中侧的区域D中具有大致恒定的宽度B。例如在此假设，导热板20总长度的三分之二具有大致恒定的宽度B。在该实例中，高压气体容器10在阀端部16上也具有释放单元30。设置在阀端部16附近并且包括近中侧的区域P的三分之一导热板20具有变细区段。导热板20的宽度B在该变细区域中持续减小。近中侧的区域P本身在在此所示的实例中具有大致恒定的宽度B。导热板20的形状可具有任何能够检测局部热源的变细形状。当在前三分之一中局部热源作用于高压气体容器10时，这在此仅基于热源的热辐射就已被释放单元30检测到。根据释放单元30和其它元件的设计，变细区域也可不同地构造。在此，基本思想在于，在远中侧的区域D中(在这些区域中释放单元30基于局部热源F的直接热辐射不再能可靠释放)借助通过导热板20的热传导将由局部热源F施加的热量提供给释放单元30。除了在此所示的瓶状方案以及图1和2中所示的三角形方案外，也可想到其它形状。
图4示意性示出一个高压气体容器10以及两个导热板20的俯视图，这两个导热板在此沿圆周方向围绕高压气体容器10设置。高压气体容器10在阀端部16上具有阀12，管线32从该阀起逆着容器10的纵向方向L延伸。两个释放单元30彼此间隔开距离地设置在高压气体容器10的圆周14上。导热板20从远中侧的区域D朝向近中侧的区域P变细。在近中侧的区域P中以虚线显示的导热板20变细地构造。现在当在远中侧的区域D中热源局部地作用于高压气体容器10时，释放单元30可基于导热板20的变细造型而较早地释放。例如当局部热源在对称线A-A下方作用于高压气体容器10时，则释放单元30可至少暂时直接检测局部热源的热辐射。因此，释放单元必要时可快速释放，以致纤维不被损坏。出于该原因，高压气体容器10无须完全被导热板20覆盖。
图5示出高压气体容器10和导热板20的示意性俯视图。导热板20沿高压气体容器10的纵向方向L具有大致恒定的宽度B。宽度B在此大致相应于圆周壁14的直径d。但这并非必须如此。导热板20也可具有其它宽度B。在本实施例中，与设置在圆周壁14上的释放单元30相邻的近中侧的区域P变细地构造。该变细区域26沿圆周方向或者说沿横向于高压气体容器10纵向方向L的方向Q变细。在此所示的变细区域26可侧向突出地构造。这表示，具有大致恒定宽度B的导热板20具有变细构造的侧向突出部26。
本发明的上述描述仅用于说明的目的并且不用于限制本发明。在本发明的范围中可在不背离本发明范围及其技术等价物的情况下实现各种改进和改型。

Claims (10)

1.用于保护机动车高压气体容器(10)的装置，包括至少一个构造为金属板或板的导热板(20)和至少一个热释放单元(30)，所述导热板(20)具有远中侧的区域(D)和近中侧的区域(P)，近中侧的区域(P)直接相邻于热释放单元(30)设置，远中侧的区域(D)与热释放单元(30)间隔开距离地设置，并且导热板(20)从远中侧的区域(D)朝向近中侧的区域(P)变细地成形和/或近中侧的区域(P)本身变细地成形。
2.优选根据权利要求1所述的、用于保护机动车高压气体容器(10)的装置，包括至少一个导热板(20)和至少一个热释放单元(30)，所述导热板(20)具有远中侧的区域(D)和近中侧的区域(P)，近中侧的区域(P)直接相邻于热释放单元(30)设置，远中侧的区域(D)与热释放单元(30)间隔开距离地设置，所述导热板(20)具有导热纤维(22)，导热纤维(22)从远中侧的区域(D)朝向近中侧的区域(P)延伸，导热板(20)热绝缘地固定在高压气体容器(10)上和/或车辆底板上。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的装置，其中，所述导热板(20)这样变细，即，导热板(20)的宽度(B)和/或壁厚朝向释放单元(30)至少在部分区域上减小。
4.根据权利要求3所述的装置，其中，所述宽度(B)在近中侧的区域(P)中比在远中侧的区域(D)中小至少10％、优选至少30％并且特别优选至少60％。
5.根据上述权利要求之一所述的装置，其中，所述导热板(20)沿导热板(20)的纵向方向至少在部分区域上具有凹形延伸的侧面边缘(24)。
6.根据上述权利要求之一所述的装置，其中，所述导热板(20)热绝缘地固定在高压气体容器(10)上和/或车辆底板上。
7.根据上述权利要求之一所述的装置，其中，所述导热板(20)至少在部分区域上具有膨胀性金属材料、尤其是膨胀性铝材料。
8.根据上述权利要求之一所述的装置，其中，所述装置构造成，使得可传导在远中侧的区域(D)中作用于高压气体容器(10)上的局部热源(F)的热量。
9.根据上述权利要求之一所述的装置，其中，所述导热板(20)同轴于高压气体容器(10)的纵向方向(L)延伸，至少一个释放单元(30)设置在高压气体容器(10)的圆周壁(14)上，近中侧的区域(P)变细地成形，并且变细区域(26)横向地沿圆周方向延伸。
10.根据权利要求9所述的装置，其中，所述变细区域(26)侧向突出地构造。
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