CN106574205A - 用于工业润滑剂应用中的基础油的烷基封端油溶性聚合物粘度指数改进添加剂 - Google Patents

用于工业润滑剂应用中的基础油的烷基封端油溶性聚合物粘度指数改进添加剂 Download PDF

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CN106574205A
CN106574205A CN201580040292.4A CN201580040292A CN106574205A CN 106574205 A CN106574205 A CN 106574205A CN 201580040292 A CN201580040292 A CN 201580040292A CN 106574205 A CN106574205 A CN 106574205A
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N·克里德吉
M·R·格里夫斯
E·A·佐格-胡泽曼斯
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Abstract

一种工业基础油制剂,其包含基础油,优选为烃基础油,所述烃基础油具有在40摄氏度下大于100厘沲、优选为150厘沲或更大的运动粘度;和AC‑OSP,其中所述AC‑OSP具有通式I的结构:R1[O(R2O)n(R3O)mR4]p (I)其中R1是具有1至30个碳的烷基,R2和R3独立地选自具有3或4个碳的烷基并且可以呈嵌段形式或无规组合,R4是具有1至18个碳原子的烷基,n和m独立地为介于0至20范围内的数,条件是n+m大于0并且p是1至3范围内的数;其中所述工业基础油制剂具有在40摄氏度下大于100厘沲、优选为150厘沲或更大的运动粘度,所述工业基础油制剂可用于机械装置的润滑剂。

Description

用于工业润滑剂应用中的基础油的烷基封端油溶性聚合物粘 度指数改进添加剂
技术领域
本发明涉及用于工业润滑剂制剂的基础油制剂(该基础油制剂包含基础油和烷基封端油溶性聚合物)、此类润滑剂制剂作为工业应用中的润滑剂的用途以及一种用于改进烃基础油的粘度指数和低温粘度的方法。
背景技术
机械装置使用润滑剂来减少彼此靠近移动的部件的磨损。然而,存在的挑战是机械装置可能需要在可远低于零摄氏度(℃)至远高于100℃的宽温度范围内操作。润滑剂通常在使用过程中基于温度来改变粘度。润滑剂随温度变化改变其粘度的程度是润滑剂的粘度指数,该粘度指数由基于发动机油在40℃和100℃下的运动粘度的计算得出。较高的粘度指数值对应于一个温度范围内的较小的粘度变化。具有高粘度指数的润滑剂是理想的,以便在宽温度范围内保持所需的粘度。如果粘度变得过高,则机械装置难以操作。如果粘度变得过低,则润滑能力降低并且可能发生过度磨损。
粘度指数改进剂是用于润滑剂的添加剂,其倾向于在一个温度范围内减少润滑剂粘度的变化。典型的粘度指数改进剂包括,例如,聚甲基丙烯酸烷基酯(如聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯)和烯烃嵌段共聚物。遗憾的是,虽然粘度指数改进剂可以增加润滑剂的粘度指数,但是它们也倾向于增加润滑剂在低温(0℃)下的粘度。虽然对于润滑剂来说形成具有足以防止磨损的粘性的膜是重要的,但同样重要的是润滑剂不要那么有粘性,从而避免导致由于润滑剂的过度粘性阻力引起的高摩擦损失。
工业润滑剂是一种特定类型的润滑剂,其在如工业齿轮、风力涡轮机、压缩机、隧道掘进设备以及液压装置的重载设备中用作润滑剂。相比于,例如,通常的汽车应用,重型设备需要更高粘度的润滑剂。因此,工业润滑剂含有这样的基础油(“工业基础油”),该基础油在40摄氏度(℃)下的运动粘度大于100厘沲(cSt)、通常为150cSt或更大、甚至为500cSt或更大。此外,以润滑剂制剂的总重量计,工业润滑剂常常具有小于10重量百分比(wt%)的添加剂(包括共基础油(co-base oils))。
理想的是确定用于工业基础油的粘度指数改进添加剂,所述添加剂还降低工业基础油的低温(0℃)粘度。特别有价值的将是这样的添加剂,该添加剂将工业基础油的粘度指数增加至少10个点和/或将粘度指数增加至130或更高同时仍降低低温粘度。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种对为工业基础油提供添加剂这一问题的解决方案,所述添加剂增加工业基础油的粘度指数,同时降低工业基础油的低温(0℃)粘度。此外,本发明提供了一种用于工业基础油的添加剂,所述添加剂使工业基础油的粘度指数增加至少10个点和/或将粘度指数增加至130或更高的值,同时仍降低低温粘度。
工业润滑剂基础油的特征在于40℃下的运动粘度大于cSt、优选为150cSt或更大。本文中的基础油的粘度指数和运动粘度的变化是指对纯工业基础油与具有烷基封端油溶性聚合物(AC-OSP)的工业基础油的制剂(两者的组合是一种工业基础油制剂)的这些性质的比较。
令人惊讶和意想不到的是,本发明发现AC-OSP既用作高效粘度指数改进剂又用作工业基础油的高效低温粘度降低剂。
在第一方面,本发明是一种工业基础油制剂,其包含基础油,其优选为烃基础油,在40摄氏度下的运动粘度大于100厘沲、优选为150厘沲或更大;和AC-OSP,其中AC-OSP具有式I的结构:
R1[O(R2O)n(R3O)m R4]p (I)
其中R1是具有1至30个碳的烷基,R2和R3独立地选自具有3或4个碳的烷基并且可以呈嵌段形式或无规组合,R4是具有1至18个碳原子的烷基,n和m独立地为0至20的数,条件是n+m大于0并且p为1至3范围内的数,其中所述工业基础油制剂在40摄氏度下的运动粘度大于100厘沲、优选为150cSt或更大,并且可以是200cSt或更大。
在第二方面,本发明是一种用于增加基础油的粘度指数同时降低基础油在零摄氏度的温度下的粘度的方法,所述基础油在40摄氏度下的运动粘度大于100cSt,所述方法包括将AC-OSP混合到基础油中,其中AC-OSP具有通式I的结构:
R1[O(R2O)n(R3O)m R4]p (I)
其中R1是具有1至30个碳的烷基,R2和R3独立地选自具有3或4个碳的烷基,R4是具有1至18个碳原子的烷基,n和m独立地为1至20的数,条件是n+m大于0并且p为1至3范围内的数,以便实现第一方面的工业润滑剂基础油制剂。
在第三方面,本发明是一种用于润滑机械装置的方法,该机械装置包括相对于彼此移动的多个部件,所述方法包括将第一方面的润滑剂引入到机械装置中,以便进入相对于彼此移动的部件之间的间隙。
本发明的工业基础油制剂可用于制备工业机器(如压缩机)所使用的润滑剂。
具体实施方式
“和/或”意为“和,或可替换地”。所有的范围都包括端点,除非另有说明。
试验方法是指截止到本文件的优先权日期的最新试验方法,除非以作为由连字符号连接的两位数的试验方法编号来指明日期。对试验方法的引用同时包含对试验协会和试验方法编号的引用。通过以下缩写词之一参考试验方法组织:ASTM是指ASTM国际组织(旧称为美国材料与试验协会(American Society for Testing and Materials));EN是指欧洲标准(European Norm);DIN是指德国标准化研究所(Deutsches Institut für Normung);ISO指国际标准化组织(International Organization for Standards)。
根据ASTM D7042测定运动粘度。根据ASTM D2270测定润滑剂制剂的粘度指数。根据ASTM D97测定倾点。
“工业基础油”和“工业润滑剂基础油”是可互换的术语,并且是指40摄氏度(℃)下的运动粘度(KV)大于100厘沲(cSt)、优选为150cSt或更大的基础油。所述基础油可以是烃基础油。工业基础油的实例包括以商品名SpectrasynTM 40(40℃下KV为396cSt;Spectrasyn为埃克森美孚化工(Exxon Mobil Chemical)的商标)、SpectrasynTM 100(40℃下KV为1208cSt)销售的工业基础油。优选地,所述基础油是聚α-烯烃。
本发明是一种工业基础油制剂,它是工业基础油与特定的AC-OSP的组合。所述AC-OSP具有如式I所示的结构:
R1[O(R2O)n(R3O)m R4]p (I)
R1是烷基,其具有1或多个、优选为4或更多个、更优选为6或更多个碳的,并且可以具有8或更多个、10或更多个、甚至12或更多个碳,但同时具有30个碳或更少、优选为26个碳或更少、更优选为24个碳或更少,并且可以具有20个碳或更少、18个碳或更少、16个碳或更少、14个碳或更少、或甚至12个碳或更少。R2和R3独立地选自具有3或4个碳的烷基并且可以相同或不同。R4是具有1或多个碳的烷基,并且R4可以具有2或更多个碳,通常具有18个或更少的碳。下标n和m独立地(意味着它们不必是相同的)为范围0至20的数,条件是n+m大于0。下标p是1或大于1的数,并且可以是2或大于2的数,通常是3或更小的数。优选地,p的值为1,当R1是用于在环氧烷的聚合期间制备AC-OSP的单体引发剂的残基时,将会是这种情况。对于单个AC-OSP分子,n、m和p是整数值,但是对于多个分子,人们或普通技术人员将会理解,分子的集合可以是n、m和/或p的非整数平均值。本发明的AC-OSP分子的m、n和p的平均值落入规定的范围内。
AC-OSP选自1,2-环氧丙烷聚合物、1,2-环氧丁烷聚合物、1,2-环氧丙烷与1,2-环氧丁烷的无规共聚物以及1,2-环氧丙烷与1,2-环氧丁烷的嵌段共聚物的群组。对于1,2-环氧丙烷和1,2-环氧丁烷共聚物,OR2和OR3部分可以呈嵌段形式,其中所有的OR2单元按顺序一起出现,并且所有的OR3单元按顺序一起出现;或者该共聚物可以是无规的,其中OR2和OR3元素以随机顺序出现。
通常,AC-OSP的分子量为200克/摩尔(g/mol),并且可以具有300g/mol或更大、400g/mol或更大、500g/mol或更大、甚至600g/mol或更大的分子量,但同时通常具有700g/mol或更小的分子量,并且可以具有600g/mol或更小的分子量。由未封端的OSP的分子量和端帽(cap)的分子量计算AC-OSP的分子量。由羟基值测定未封端的OSP的分子量(克/摩尔(g/mol))。根据ASTM D4274测定羟基值和分子量。则AC-OSP的分子量是封端基团的分子量加上未封端的OSP的分子量再减去1。例如,用甲基对OSP封端将会得到封端OSP,该封端OSP的分子量等于甲基的分子量15g/mol加上未封端的OSP的分子量再减去1g/mol,这是因为在用封端基团取代氢时在OSP中有氢的损耗。
通常,以工业基础油和AC-OSP的组合重量计,本发明的工业基础油制剂包含5重量百分比(wt%)或更多、优选为10wt%或更多的烷基封端油溶性聚合物,并且可以包含15wt%或更多的烷基封端油溶性聚合物,但同时通常包含50wt%或更少、优选为40wt%或更少、更优选为30wt%或更少、还更优选为20wt%或更少的烷基封端油溶性聚合物,并且可以包含15wt%或更少、或甚至10wt%或更少的烷基封端油溶性聚合物。
本发明的工业基础油制剂可以用额外的添加剂与工业基础油和AC-OSP组合进一步配制形成工业润滑剂。合适的额外组分的实例包括选自由抗氧化剂、缓蚀剂、粘度指数增加剂、抗磨添加剂、泡沫控制剂、黄色金属钝化剂、极压添加剂、倾点下降剂、减摩剂和/或染料组成的群组中的任何一种或超过一种的任何组合。理想的是,额外的组分可溶于工业基础油。工业基础油制剂通常不含以下物质中的一种或两种:洗涤剂和分散剂。以总的工业润滑剂重量计,本发明的润滑剂制剂通常含有小于10wt%、优选为5wt%或更少的总的添加剂。
本发明包括一种用于增加工业基础油的粘度指数同时降低所述基础油在0℃的温度下的粘度的方法。所述方法包含将AC-OSP与工业基础油混合以获得本发明的工业基础油制剂。本发明令人惊讶地发现,如上所述的AC-OSP可以实现这一满意的结果:增加工业基础油的粘度指数,同时降低工业基础油在0℃的温度下的粘度。事实上,AC-OSP能够使工业基础油的粘度指数增加10个点或更多和/或增加至130或更高的值。
本发明还包括一种用于润滑工业机械装置的方法,该工业机械装置包含相对于彼此移动的多个部件,所述方法通过将包含本发明的工业基础油制剂的润滑剂引入到机械装置中,使得润滑剂进入相对于彼此移动的部件之间的间隙来进行。
相对于其它工业基础油,本发明的工业基础油制剂提供了令人惊喜的优点,即本发明的工业基础油制剂在0℃的温度下具有比单独的工业基础油更高的粘度指数和更低的粘度,并且可以将粘度指数增加至少10个点和/或增加到至少130的值。
实例
表1确定了用于本实例的基础油。如下制备两种实验基础油(OSP-AC和OSP-BC)。
OSP-AC
将1600g 2-乙基-1-己醇加入到不锈钢反应器容器中,随后加入11.3g 85wt%的氢氧化钾水溶液,并且在氮气层下将混合物加热至115℃。在130℃的温度和500kPa的压力下,将2400g 1,2-环氧丙烷和240g 1,2-环氧丁烷的混合物加入到反应器中。搅拌该混合物并使其在130℃下煮解12小时。在50℃的温度下通过用硅酸镁滤床进行过滤除去残余催化剂,得到在40℃下运动粘度为17.7cSt、在100℃下为3.81cSt,以及倾点为-59.0℃的中间物。
将5805g上述中间物加入到不锈钢反应器容器中。加入2604g甲醇钠溶液(甲醇中有25wt%的甲醇钠),并且在200毫升/分钟的氮气吹扫和180转/分钟的搅拌速度下,于120℃在真空(低于45kPa的绝对压力)下将混合物搅拌12小时。在80℃的温度和170kPa的压力下将639g氯甲烷加入到反应器中。搅拌该混合物并使其在80℃下煮解1小时。在混合物煮解之后,在80℃下闪蒸20分钟,并且使用真空除去未反应的氯甲烷和二甲醚。加入2133g水并在80℃下搅拌1小时,以洗涤混合物中的氯化钠。在200毫升/分钟的氮气吹扫和180转/分钟的搅拌器速度下,停止搅拌器,并在100℃和真空以及小于1kPa的压力下沉降1.5小时。将所得产物冷却至60℃并在50℃下通过硅酸镁滤床进行过滤,得到产物(OSP-AC),该产物的封端转化率为98.9%、在40℃下运动粘度为10.3cSt而在100℃下为3.1cSt、粘度指数为173,以及倾点为-74.0℃。
OSP-BC
将2369g十二烷醇引发剂加入到不锈钢反应器容器中,随后加入20.02g 45wt%的氢氧化钾水溶液,并在氮气层下将混合物加热至115℃。闪蒸混合物,以在115℃和3兆帕的压力下除去水,直到水浓度低于0.1wt%。在130℃的温度和490kPa的压力下,将1808.5g 1,2-环氧丙烷和1808.5g 1,2-环氧丁烷的混合物加入到反应器中。搅拌该混合物并使其在130℃下煮解14小时。通过在50℃下用硅酸镁滤床进行过滤除去残余催化剂,得到产物(中间物B),该产物在40℃下运动粘度为16.1cSt、在100℃下为3.7cSt,以及倾点为-39.0℃。
将5797g中间物B加入到不锈钢反应容器中。加入2765g甲醇钠溶液(在甲醇中占25wt%),并在200毫升/分钟的氮气吹扫和180转/分钟的搅拌速度下,于120℃在80℃真空(小于1kPa)下搅拌12小时。从反应器中排出3825g混合物。在80℃的温度和260kPa的压力下向剩余的2264g混合物中加入252g氯甲烷。搅拌该混合物并使其在80℃下煮解1.5小时。在煮解该混合物之后,于80℃在真空下闪蒸10分钟,以除去未反应的氯甲烷和二甲醚。加入796g水,并在80℃下搅拌40分钟,以洗涤混合物中的氯化钠。停止搅拌并在80℃下沉降1小时。倾析961g盐水相。向剩余的混合物中加入50g硅酸镁,并在200毫升/分钟的氮气吹扫和180转/分钟的搅拌速率下,于100℃在真空(小于1kPa压力)下在1小时内闪蒸出残留的水。将所得材料冷却至60℃并排出2218克,并且在50℃下通过硅酸镁滤床进行过滤,从而得到产物(OSP-BC),该产物的封端转化率为93.7%,在40℃下运动粘度为9.9cSt而在100℃下为3.0cSt,以及倾点为-45.0℃。
表1
通过将如表2-7中所确定的制剂的每种组分加入200毫升(mL)的玻璃烧杯来制备基础油制剂,以形成100g制剂。每种所得制剂都是澄清、均匀的。
由数字标识的实例是本发明的实例,由字母标识的实例是比较实例。
KV40是40℃下的运动粘度。KV100是100℃下的运动粘度。KV0是0℃下的运动粘度。VI是粘度指数。
Grp IV-3基础油制剂
表2描述了主要包含Grp IV-3基础油的比较实例(Comp Exs)和实例(Exs)。在甲基封端的OSP中混合导致粘度指数相对于单独的基础油的显著增加,VI为147。甲基封端的OSP还引起低的KV0。
表2
Grp IV-4基础油制剂
表3描述了主要包含Grp IV-4基础油的Comp Exs和Exs。在甲基封端的OSP中混合导致与Grp IV基础油相当的VI以及比其它共混物或烃基础油更低的KV0。
表3
Grp IV-6基础油制剂
表4描述了主要包含Grp IV-6基础油的Comp Exs和Exs。在甲基封端的OSP中混合导致比烃共混物更低的KV0。
表4
Grp IV-7基础油制剂
表5描述了主要包含Grp IV-7基础油的Comp Exs和Exs。在甲基封端的OSP中混合导致比烃共混物更低的KV0。
表5
Grp IV-9基础油制剂
表6描述了主要包含Grp IV-7基础油的Comp Exs和Exs。在甲基封端的OSP中混合导致比其它共混物更低的KV0和更高的VI。
表6
完全配制的工业齿轮油中的Grp IV-3基础油制剂
表7描述了主要包含Grp IV-3基础油的Comp Exs和Exs,其中Grp IV-3基础油与典型添加剂共混以实现典型的工业齿轮油。在甲基封端的OSP中混合导致更高的粘度指数以及随OSP量的增加而更低的低温粘度。
Irganox是巴斯夫(BASF SE)公司的商标。Ortholeum是英若斯派国际有限公司(Innospec International Limited Corporation)的商标。Vanlube是范德比尔特矿物有限责任公司(Vanderbilt Minerals,LLC)的商标。
表7

Claims (11)

1.一种工业基础油制剂,其包含:基础油,所述基础油具有在40摄氏度下大于100厘沲的运动粘度;和烷基封端油溶性聚合物,其中所述烷基封端油溶性聚合物具有式I的结构:
R1[O(R2O)n(R3O)mR4]p (I)
其中R1是具有1至30个碳的烷基,R2和R3独立地选自具有3或4个碳的烷基并且可以呈嵌段形式或无规组合,R4是具有1至18个碳原子的烷基,n和m独立地为介于0至20范围内的数,条件是n+m大于0并且p为1至3范围内的数,其中所述工业润滑剂制剂具有在40摄氏度下大于100厘沲的运动粘度。
2.根据权利要求1所述的工业基础油制剂,其中所述基础油是烃油。
3.根据权利要求2所述的工业基础油制剂,其中所述基础油是聚α-烯烃。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的工业基础油制剂,其中所述基础油的特征进一步在于具有在40摄氏度下为150厘沲或更大的运动粘度。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的工业基础油制剂,其中所述烷基封端油溶性聚合物是1,2-环氧丁烷和1,2-环氧丙烷的无规共聚物。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的工业基础油制剂,其特征进一步在于R4是甲基。
7.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的工业基础油制剂,其特征进一步在于p为1。
8.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的工业基础油制剂,其特征进一步在于R1是具有8至12个碳的烷基。
9.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的工业基础油制剂,其特征进一步在于,以所述烷基封端油溶性聚合物和所述基础油的总的组合重量计,所述烷基封端油溶性聚合物的浓度范围为5至50重量百分比。
10.一种用于增加基础油的粘度指数同时降低所述基础油在零摄氏度的温度下的粘度的方法,所述基础油具有在40摄氏度下大于100厘沲的运动粘度,所述方法包含将所述基础油混合到AC-OSP中,其中所述AC-OSP具有式I的结构:
R1[O(R2O)n(R3O)mR4]p (I)
其中R1是具有1至30个碳的烷基,R2和R3独立地选自具有3或4个碳的烷基,R4是具有1至18个碳原子的烷基,n和m独立地选自具有1至20范围内的数,条件是n+m大于0并且p是1至3范围内的数,以便实现根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的工业润滑剂基础油制剂。
11.一种用于润滑机械装置的方法,所述机械装置包含相对于彼此移动的多个部件,所述方法包含将含有根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的工业基础油制剂的一种润滑剂引入到所述机械装置中,以便进入相对于彼此移动的所述部件之间的间隙。
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Application publication date: 20170419