CN106567189A - 一种聚四氟乙烯高性能纤维纸的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种聚四氟乙烯高性能纤维纸的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN106567189A
CN106567189A CN201610972318.5A CN201610972318A CN106567189A CN 106567189 A CN106567189 A CN 106567189A CN 201610972318 A CN201610972318 A CN 201610972318A CN 106567189 A CN106567189 A CN 106567189A
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徐广标
王瑞柳
代艳红
何正兴
何越超
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CHANGZHOU XCF POLYMER MATERIALS Co.,Ltd.
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CHANGZHOU XINGCHENG POLYMER MATERIALS Co Ltd
Donghua University
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种聚四氟乙烯高性能纤维纸的制备方法，其特征在于，包括：将聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)纤维进行抗静电剂处理；将抗静电剂处理后的PTFE纤维经开松后制成纤维网，将纤维网热轧得到聚四氟乙烯高性能纤维纸；或将抗静电剂处理后的PTFE纤维经开松后与其它纤维混合制成纤维网，将纤维网热轧得到聚四氟乙烯高性能纤维纸。本发明采用纤维梳理成网与高温热轧结合的方式制备聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)高性能纤维纸。此制备方法流程短，耗能小，生产效率高，并且制得的纤维纸具有优异的耐热性和热稳定性、耐化学腐蚀和阻燃等优点，使得其可被用于高温过滤或腐蚀性溶液过滤，且可多次重复使用。

Description

一种聚四氟乙烯高性能纤维纸的制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及高精度过滤领域，具体为利用聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)高性能纤维纸的制造工艺技术，制备具有耐热性和耐化学腐蚀等优点的PTFE纤维纸，应用到高精度过滤领域。
背景技术
聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)纤维具有优异的耐热性和热稳定性、耐化学腐蚀、摩擦系数低、阻燃性等优势，被用于高温过滤、防护服、防水涂层等领域。聚四氟乙烯纤维可通过载体纺丝法、糊状挤出法和切割膜裂法制得。
近年来，被用作绝缘、阻燃、耐腐蚀等特殊领域的高性能纤维纸成为研究热点，制备高性能纤维纸的原料主要有芳纶、碳纤维、聚四氟乙烯纤维、玄武岩纤维等，加工方法分为干法和湿法两种。其中现有的聚四氟乙烯纤维纸采用了湿法造纸抄造工艺，虽然纤维纸均匀，但工序多，能耗大，简化生产纤维纸的工序当务之急。
聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)纤维表面比电阻大、静电现象严重，且纤维表面摩擦系数低，使得梳理困难且形成的纤维网不均匀、抱合力差，本发明的关键是制备克重小且均匀的纤维网以及热轧成型工艺。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)高性能纤维纸的制备方法。
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明提供了一种聚四氟乙烯高性能纤维纸的制备方法，其特征在于，包括：将聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)纤维进行抗静电剂处理；将抗静电剂处理后的PTFE纤维经开松后制成纤维网，将纤维网热轧得到聚四氟乙烯高性能纤维纸；或将抗静电剂处理后的PTFE纤维经开松后与其它纤维混合制成纤维网，将纤维网热轧得到聚四氟乙烯高性能纤维纸。
优选地，所述的聚四氟乙烯纤维通过膜裂工艺获得。
优选地，所述的聚四氟乙烯纤维的纤维长度为10-60mm。
优选地，所述的抗静电剂处理的具体步骤包括：采用重量浓度为0.1％～5％的抗静电剂溶液对PTFE纤维进行喷涂，并在温度为20±1℃、湿度为65±2％的条件下焖放24小时。
更优选地，所述的抗静电剂的类型为阳离子型或阴离子型抗静电剂。
更优选地，所述的抗静电剂溶液含有平滑剂、渗透剂和乳化剂中的至少一种。所述的平滑剂、渗透剂和乳化剂用来改善处理效果。
优选地，所述的纤维网的平方米克重为70-150g/m2。
优选地，所述的纤维网的制备方法包括：将开松后的PTFE纤维或其与其它纤维混合喂入罗拉梳理机或气流成网机均匀地铺设成纤维网。
更优选地，所述的罗拉梳理机采用交叉铺网的方式来减小纤网的各向异性。
优选地，所述的其它纤维为天然纤维或化学纤维，所述的天然纤维优选为棉，所述的化学纤维优选为水溶性维纶纤维或阻燃黏胶纤维。
更优选地，在热轧前，先将纤维网中的其它纤维去除。纤维素纤维可通过高温下碳化的方式去除，水溶性维纶纤维可以通过在热水中浸泡去除。
优选地，所述的热轧温度为300-450℃，热轧压力为10-50MPa，热轧时间为20-120s。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：
本发明采用纤维梳理成网与高温热轧结合的方式制备聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)高性能纤维纸。此制备方法流程短，耗能小，生产效率高，并且制得的纤维纸具有优异的耐热性和热稳定性、耐化学腐蚀和阻燃等优点，使得其可被用于高温过滤或腐蚀性溶液过滤，且可多次重复使用。
附图说明
图1为聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)/棉纤维网的扫描电镜图。
图2为聚四氟乙烯高性能纤维纸照片。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例，进一步阐述本发明。应理解，这些实施例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围。此外应理解，在阅读了本发明讲授的内容之后，本领域技术人员可以对本发明作各种改动或修改，这些等价形式同样落于本申请所附权利要求书所限定的范围。
本申请实施例中：聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)纤维(常州市兴诚高分子材料有限公司产)，规格为5.07dtex×52mm。
实施例1
一种聚四氟乙烯高性能纤维纸的制备方法，具体步骤为：
(1)将聚四氟乙烯纤维进行抗静电剂处理：
采用重量浓度为0.5％的磷酸单酯钾盐抗静电剂(TF-481)溶液对PTFE纤维进行喷涂，并在温度为20±1℃、湿度为65±2％的条件下焖放24小时。
(2)将抗静电剂处理后的PTFE纤维经开松后，喂入罗拉梳理机均匀地铺设成纤维网，平方米克重为70g/m2，将纤维网在热轧温度为360℃、压力为30MPa的条件下热轧60s得到聚四氟乙烯高性能纤维纸。热重分析结果显示纤维纸在508℃时开始分解，展现了良好的热稳定性；测得纤维纸的极限氧指数为95％，表现出优异的耐阻燃性；将纤维纸分别放入温度为85℃浓度为40％的硫酸溶液和温度为85℃浓度为20％的氢氧化钠溶液中处理两小时，从外观上观察试样均未发生明显变化，断裂强力保持率可达70％以上。
实施例2
一种聚四氟乙烯高性能纤维纸的制备方法，具体步骤为：
(1)将聚四氟乙烯纤维进行抗静电剂处理：
采用重量浓度为0.5％的磷酸单酯钾盐抗静电剂(TF-481)溶液对PTFE纤维进行喷涂，并在温度为20±1℃、湿度为65±2％的条件下焖放24小时。
(2)将抗静电剂处理后的PTFE纤维经开松后，将PTFE与长绒棉纤维按重量比80/20混合后喂入罗拉梳理机均匀地铺设成纤维网，平方米克重为107g/m2，形态参见图1。将纤维网在热轧温度为375℃、压力为30MPa的条件下热轧70s得到聚四氟乙烯高性能纤维纸，如图2所示，表面因棉纤维被高温碳化，故外观为黑色。热重分析结果显示纤维纸在508℃时开始分解，展现了良好的热稳定性；测得纤维纸的极限氧指数为95％，表现出优异的耐阻燃性；将纤维纸分别放入温度为85℃浓度为40％的硫酸溶液和温度为85℃浓度为20％的氢氧化钠溶液中处理两小时，从外观上观察试样未发生明显变化，断裂强力保持率可达75％以上。通过上述制备方法制得的纤维纸具有优异的耐热性和热稳定性、耐化学腐蚀和阻燃等优点。
实施例3
一种聚四氟乙烯高性能纤维纸的制备方法，具体步骤为：
(1)将聚四氟乙烯纤维进行抗静电剂处理：
采用重量浓度为0.5％的阳离子型抗静电剂(SN)溶液对PTFE纤维进行喷涂，并在温度为20±1℃、湿度为65±2％的条件下焖放24小时。
(2)将抗静电剂处理后的PTFE纤维经开松后，将PTFE与水溶性维纶纤维按重量比80/20混合后喂入罗拉梳理机均匀地铺设成纤维网，平方米克重为150g/m2。将纤维网在热水中浸泡以除去水溶性维纶纤维，然后在热轧温度为380℃、压力为50MPa的条件下热轧90s得到聚四氟乙烯高性能纤维纸。热重分析结果显示纤维纸在508℃时开始分解，展现了良好的热稳定性；测得纤维纸的极限氧指数为95％，表现出优异的耐阻燃性；将纤维纸分别放入温度为85℃浓度为40％的硫酸溶液和温度为85℃浓度为20％的氢氧化钠溶液中处理两小时，从外观上观察试样未发生明显变化，断裂强力保持率可达70％以上。

Claims (7)

1.一种聚四氟乙烯高性能纤维纸的制备方法，其特征在于，包括：将聚四氟乙烯纤维进行抗静电剂处理；将抗静电剂处理后的PTFE纤维经开松后制成纤维网，将纤维网热轧得到聚四氟乙烯高性能纤维纸；或将抗静电剂处理后的PTFE纤维经开松后与其它纤维混合制成纤维网，将纤维网热轧得到聚四氟乙烯高性能纤维纸。
2.如权利要求1所述的聚四氟乙烯高性能纤维纸的制备方法，其特征在于，所述的聚四氟乙烯纤维的纤维长度为10-60mm。
3.如权利要求1所述的聚四氟乙烯高性能纤维纸的制备方法，其特征在于，所述的抗静电剂处理的具体步骤包括：采用重量浓度为0.1％～5％的抗静电剂溶液对PTFE纤维进行喷涂，并在温度为20±1℃、湿度为65±2％的条件下焖放24小时。
4.如权利要求1所述的聚四氟乙烯高性能纤维纸的制备方法，其特征在于，所述的纤维网的平方米克重为70-150g/m2。
5.如权利要求1所述的聚四氟乙烯高性能纤维纸的制备方法，其特征在于，所述的纤维网的制备方法包括：将开松后的PTFE纤维或其与其它纤维混合喂入罗拉梳理机或气流成网机均匀地铺设成纤维网。
6.如权利要求1所述的聚四氟乙烯高性能纤维纸的制备方法，其特征在于，所述的其它纤维为天然纤维或化学纤维。
7.如权利要求1所述的聚四氟乙烯高性能纤维纸的制备方法，其特征在于，所述的热轧温度为300-450℃，热轧压力为10-50MPa，热轧时间为20-120s。
CN201610972318.5A 2016-11-04 2016-11-04 一种聚四氟乙烯高性能纤维纸的制备方法 Active CN106567189B (zh)

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