CN106554203A - 一种铋层状结构铌酸铋钙高温压电陶瓷材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种铋层状结构铌酸铋钙高温压电陶瓷材料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- -1 bismuth laminated bismuth Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- WMWLMWRWZQELOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Bi]O[Bi]=O WMWLMWRWZQELOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium carbonate Substances [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- QDOXWKRWXJOMAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Cr]O[Cr]=O QDOXWKRWXJOMAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- CMIHHWBVHJVIGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N gadolinium(III) oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Gd+3].[Gd+3] CMIHHWBVHJVIGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052808 lithium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- ZKATWMILCYLAPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium pentoxide Inorganic materials O=[Nb](=O)O[Nb](=O)=O ZKATWMILCYLAPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052688 Gadolinium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 28
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 7
- JTCFNJXQEFODHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ca].[Ti] Chemical compound [Ca].[Ti] JTCFNJXQEFODHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910001424 calcium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000009529 body temperature measurement Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010532 solid phase synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 16
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 8
- XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C([O-])=O XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 5
- 150000001621 bismuth Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229920002545 silicone oil Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910003781 PbTiO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- FSAJRXGMUISOIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth sodium Chemical compound [Na].[Bi] FSAJRXGMUISOIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JRPBQTZRNDNNOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium titanate Chemical class [Ba+2].[Ba+2].[O-][Ti]([O-])([O-])[O-] JRPBQTZRNDNNOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- PMVFCJGPQOWMTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth calcium Chemical compound [Ca].[Bi] PMVFCJGPQOWMTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000422 cerium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000003636 chemical group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[La+3].[La+3] MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000464 lead oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XMFOQHDPRMAJNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead(ii,iv) oxide Chemical compound O1[Pb]O[Pb]11O[Pb]O1 XMFOQHDPRMAJNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- YEXPOXQUZXUXJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxolead Chemical compound [Pb]=O YEXPOXQUZXUXJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种铋层状结构铌酸铋钙高温压电陶瓷材料,其特征在于,该压电陶瓷材料的通式为Ca0.9(LiGd)0.05Bi2Nb2‑xCrxO9,其中0<x≤0.20。本发明还公开了该压电陶瓷材料的制备方法,采用CaBi2Nb2O9体系压电材料为基体,以一定的摩尔比(LiGd)取代钙钛矿层中的A位Ca离子,并且按照一定的摩尔比掺入Cr取代钙钛矿层中的B位Nb离子,采用传统的固相合成方法,制备得到此类新型铋层状结构压电陶瓷材料,主要性能参数为:d33=18pC/N,ε=150,tanδ=0.22%,kp=11.2%,Qm=10690,Tc=915℃,在高温领域具有良好的应用前景。利用这种材料制得的各种形状的陶瓷元件,组装成各种压电传感器,在高温测量、探测以及自动控制等方面得到了广泛应用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种铋层状结构铌酸铋钙高温压电陶瓷材料及其制备方法,具体涉及一种掺杂Li、Gd、Cr的铋层状结构Ca0.9(LiGd)0.05Bi2Nb2-xCrxO9压电陶瓷材料及其制备方法,属于压电陶瓷材料领域。
背景技术
压电陶瓷作为传感器、制动器和变频器广泛应用于工业控制、环境监控、通讯、信息系统及医疗器械等领域。在压电陶瓷领域中,目前广泛应用的压电材料主要是具有钙钛矿结构的PZT(PbZrO3-PbTiO3)材料。
然而,PZT(PbZrO3-PbTiO3)材料是含铅陶瓷,其中氧化铅(或四氧化三铅)约占原料总质量的70%左右。含铅压电铁电陶瓷在加工、烧结过程和使用过程中,都会给环境和人类带来危害。因此,开发无铅基的环境协调性压电陶瓷材料是一项紧迫而具有重要科学意义的课题。
目前,国内外研究的无铅压电陶瓷体系主要有:钛酸钡系、钛酸铋钠系、碱金属铌酸盐系、铋层状结构、钨青铜结构无铅压电陶瓷。其中,铋层状结构无铅压电陶瓷材料作为一种铁电材料,具有光电效应、非线性光学效应、反常光生伏特效应、光折变效应等特点,同时还有高的居里温度,极化强度较高,良好的抗疲劳特性以及漏电流小等优点而受到研究者的重视。但是铋层状结构无铅压电陶瓷的压电性能还不太理想,现从工艺改进和配方改良的角度对其进行研究,大大提高铋层状结构无铅压电陶瓷材料的压电性能。
铋层状结构的陶瓷材料是由(Bi2O2)2+层和钙钛矿结构的晶格层相互交替叠加而成的,其化学通式为(Bi2O2)2+(Am-1BmO3m+1)2-,上式中A为适合12配位的离子,如Na+、K+、Ca2+等,B为适合8配位的离子,如Ti4+、Nb5+等,m为整数,取值为1~5。铌酸铋钙(CaBi2Nb2O9)是m=2的铋层状结构材料,其居里温度达900-940℃,压电常数d33约为6pC/N,介电损耗tanδ<2%,与实际应用相比,虽然居里温度满足高温下使用的要求,但是其压电性能还达不到应用要求。因此,如何在不降低居里温度的同时提高压电常数以获得高温范围内稳定使用的铋层状压电陶瓷材料成为本领域研究的一个重要课题。目前,还未见以Li、Gd、Cr掺杂来提高铋层状结构铌酸铋钙高温压电陶瓷材料性能的相关报道,因此,研发性能优异的高温压电陶瓷材料具有重大的实用价值。
发明内容
针对上述现有技术,本发明的目的是提供一种铋层状结构铌酸铋钙高温压电陶瓷材料及其制备方法,利用Li、Gd、Cr元素对铋层状结构压电陶瓷材料进行掺杂改性,在不降低其居里温度的同时,提高其压电性能,制备出一种新型的、环境友好型的压电陶瓷材料。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用下述技术方案:
一种铋层状结构铌酸铋钙高温压电陶瓷材料,该压电陶瓷材料的通式为Ca0.9(LiGd)0.05Bi2Nb2-xCrxO9,其中0<x≤0.20;
通式中,下标数字代表元素的摩尔比。
优选的,所述铋层状结构铌酸铋钙高温压电陶瓷材料具有下列之一所示的化学组成:
Ca0.9(LiGd)0.05Bi2Nb1.95Cr0.05O9;
Ca0.9(LiGd)0.05Bi2Nb1.90Cr0.10O9;
Ca0.9(LiGd)0.05Bi2Nb1.85Cr0.15O9;
Ca0.9(LiGd)0.05Bi2Nb1.80Cr0.20O9;
所述铋层状结构铌酸铋钙高温压电陶瓷材料具有13-18pC/N的压电常数d33。
该铋层状结构铌酸铋钙高温压电陶瓷材料的制备方法,步骤如下:
以CaCO3粉体、Li2CO3粉体、Gd2O3粉体、Bi2O3粉体、Nb2O5粉体和Cr2O3粉体为原料,按通式中Ca、Li、Gd、Bi、Nb和Cr的化学计量比进行配料,预球磨,得混合粉料;
将所述混合粉料进行烘干,烘干后再进行预烧结,得到经过预烧结的粉料;
将所述经过预烧结的粉料进行二次球磨,得到经过二次球磨的粉料;
向所述经过二次球磨的粉料中加入粘合剂压制成陶瓷坯片,并进行排塑(粘合剂)处理;
将排塑处理后的陶瓷坯片进行烧结,冷却;
将冷却后的陶瓷坯片进行抛光、被银电极和极化处理,即得Li、Gd、Cr元素掺杂的铋层状结构Ca0.9(LiGd)0.05Bi2Nb2-xCrxO9高温压电陶瓷材料。
优选的,所述预球磨和二次球磨的球磨介质为去离子水,去离子水的用量为所述原料总重量的60-80%。本发明中,去离子水作为原料CaCO3、Li2CO3、Gd2O3、Bi2O3、Nb2O5和Cr2O3的溶剂,并对去离子水的加入量进行了优化,在本发明的用量下可以满足对原料的充分球磨。
优选的,所述预球磨和二次球磨的球磨速率为200-300r/min,球磨的时间为8-12h。该球磨速率和球磨时间可以将原料充分球磨到一定的细度,有利于后续陶瓷坯片的压制。
优选的,预球磨后的混合粉料的烘干温度为80-100℃;在该温度下烘干混合粉料,主要目的是去除预球磨中添加的去离子水。
预烧结温度为800-900℃,预烧结的保温时间为2-4h。本发明对预烧结温度和保温时间进行了优化,在该条件下,可以使得碳化物和氧化物中的碳元素和部分氧元素烧蚀掉,以便制得具有上述通式组成的高温压电陶瓷材料,并且通过预烧结,还可以进一步改善铌酸铋钙高温压电陶瓷材料的压电性能的温度稳定性。
所述粘合剂为重量百分含量为5%的聚乙烯醇水溶液;粘合剂的用量为二次球磨后粉料总重量的6-8%。采用该用量的粘合剂可以使混合粉料充分粘合。
优选的,所述排塑温度为600-800℃。
优选的,所述烧结温度为1100-1200℃,烧结保温时间为2-4h。在本发明中,控制该烧结温度,可以有利于铌酸铋钙高温压电陶瓷材料形成单相结构。
优选的,所述烧结升温速率为4-6℃/min;在本发明中,有效控制烧结的升温速率,可以保证陶瓷坯片的完整性,如果升温过快可能会导致陶瓷坯片的破裂。
优选的,所述极化处理的温度为150-200℃,极化的电压为10-12kV/mm,极化的时间为20-40min。在该极化处理条件下,Li、Gd、Cr共掺杂的铋层状结构铌酸铋钙高温压电陶瓷材料,能充分极化,提高了其压电性能。
本发明的设计构思为:在本发明的铌酸铋钙高温压电陶瓷材料中,通过掺杂Li、Gd和Cr元素,并优化掺杂元素的加入量,有效提高了铌酸铋钙高温压电陶瓷材料的压电性能。需要说明的是,现有技术中虽然有许多关于对压电陶瓷材料进行元素掺杂的报道,但是不同的掺杂元素,掺杂元素不同的加入量,都会对压电陶瓷材料的整体性能产生较大影响,这需要在试验过程中不断摸索,反复试验才能得到,发明人在前期研究中也尝试了多种不同元素对铌酸铋钙高温压电陶瓷材料的掺杂,但相对于其他元素掺杂,采用本发明的Li、Gd和Cr元素掺杂,制备得到的铋层状结构铌酸铋钙高温压电陶瓷材料表现出更为优异的压电性能。
本发明的有益效果:
本发明的铋层状结构铌酸铋钙高温压电陶瓷材料,在不降低其居里温度的同时,提高了其压电性能,是一种新型的、环境友好型的压电陶瓷材料。而且制备方法工艺简单,操作方便,适于大规模工业生产。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例1中制得的铌酸铋钙压电陶瓷材料的SEM扫描电镜图片;
图2为本发明实施例1中制得的铌酸铋钙压电陶瓷材料的XRD衍射图谱;
图3为本发明实施例1中制得的铌酸铋钙压电陶瓷材料的介电常数随温度变化的曲线。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步的说明,应该说明的是,下述说明仅是为了解释本发明,并不对其内容进行限定。
实施例1:
制备符合化学组成Ca0.9(LiGd)0.05Bi2Nb2-xCrxO9,x=0.05的掺杂改性的铌酸铋钙无铅压电陶瓷。
将分析纯的粉体原料CaCO3、Li2CO3、Gd2O3、Bi2O3、Nb2O5和Cr2O3按照以上化学配比配料,将称量好的原料与去离子水混合后球磨18h、在800℃预烧3h,粉碎后二次球磨18h,烘干研磨后将其压制成直径12mm的薄圆片,经650℃排塑后在1100℃下烧结保温3h即得到掺杂改性的铌酸铋钙无铅压电陶瓷。将所得的陶瓷样品表面抛光后在其上下表面被上Ag电极,在180℃硅油中,12kV/mm的直流电压下极化30min,测试其压电性能。所得陶瓷样品的压电常数d33=18pC/N,介电常数ε=150,介电损耗tanδ=0.22%,机电耦合系数kp=11.2%,机械品质因数Qm=10690。
本实施例制备的Li、Gd和Cr掺杂改性的铌酸铋钙无铅压电陶瓷的SEM扫描电镜图片见图1,其XRD衍射图谱见图2,介电常数随温度变化的曲线见图3。由图3可以看出,本实施例制备的Li、Gd和Cr掺杂改性的钛酸铋钠无铅压电陶瓷的居里温度为915℃。
实施例2:
制备符合化学组成Ca0.9(LiGd)0.05Bi2Nb2-xCrxO9,x=0.10的掺杂改性的铌酸铋钙无铅压电陶瓷。
将分析纯的粉体原料CaCO3、Li2CO3、Gd2O3、Bi2O3、Nb2O5和Cr2O3按照以上化学配比配料,将称量好的原料与去离子水混合后球磨18h、在800℃预烧3h,粉碎后二次球磨18h,烘干研磨后将其压制成直径12mm的薄圆片,经650℃排塑后在1100℃下烧结保温3h即得到掺杂改性的铌酸铋钙无铅压电陶瓷。将所得的陶瓷样品表面抛光后在其上下表面被上Ag电极,在180℃硅油中,12kV/mm的直流电压下极化30min,测试其压电性能。所得陶瓷样品的压电常数d33=16pC/N,介电常数ε=163,介电损耗tanδ=0.26%,机电耦合系数kp=9.6%,机械品质因数Qm=9680。
实施例3:
制备符合化学组成Ca0.9(LiGd)0.05Bi2Nb2-xCrxO9,x=0.15的掺杂改性的铌酸铋钙无铅压电陶瓷。
将分析纯的粉体原料CaCO3、Li2CO3、Gd2O3、Bi2O3、Nb2O5和Cr2O3按照以上化学配比配料,将称量好的原料与去离子水混合后球磨18h、在800℃预烧3h,粉碎后二次球磨18h,烘干研磨后将其压制成直径12mm的薄圆片,经650℃排塑后在1100℃下烧结保温3h即得到掺杂改性的铌酸铋钙无铅压电陶瓷。将所得的陶瓷样品表面抛光后在其上下表面被上Ag电极,在180℃硅油中,12kV/mm的直流电压下极化30min,测试其压电性能。所得陶瓷样品的压电常数d33=13pC/N,介电常数ε=176,介电损耗tanδ=0.32%,机电耦合系数kp=8.2%,机械品质因数Qm=10320。
实施例4:
制备符合化学组成Ca0.9(LiGd)0.05Bi2Nb2-xCrxO9,x=0.20的掺杂改性的铌酸铋钙无铅压电陶瓷。
将分析纯的粉体原料CaCO3、Li2CO3、Gd2O3、Bi2O3、Nb2O5和Cr2O3按照以上化学配比配料,将称量好的原料与去离子水混合后球磨18h、在800℃预烧3h,粉碎后二次球磨18h,烘干研磨后将其压制成直径12mm的薄圆片,经650℃排塑后在1100℃下烧结保温3h即得到掺杂改性的铌酸铋钙无铅压电陶瓷。将所得的陶瓷样品表面抛光后在其上下表面被上Ag电极,在180℃硅油中,12kV/mm的直流电压下极化30min,测试其压电性能。所得陶瓷样品的压电常数d33=11pC/N,介电常数ε=185,介电损耗tanδ=0.34%,机电耦合系数kp=6.6%,机械品质因数Qm=9760。
实施例1-4的掺杂改性的铌酸铋钙无铅压电陶瓷的配方组成及性能测试结果具体见表1。
表1实施例1-4的掺杂改性的铌酸铋钙无铅压电陶瓷的配方组成及性能测试结果
对比例1:
将掺杂元素调整为Li和Cr,其化学组成Ca0.9(Li)0.05Bi2Nb2-xCrxO9,x=0.05,制备方法同实施例1,制备得到掺杂改性的铌酸铋钙无铅压电陶瓷。测试其压电性能。所得陶瓷样品的压电常数d33=12pC/N,介电损耗tanδ=0.28%,居里温度为850℃。
对比例2:
将掺杂元素调整为La、Ce和Cr,其化学组成Ca0.9(LaCe)0.05Bi2Nb2-xCrxO9,x=0.05,制备方法同实施例1,区别在于:La以La2O3粉体的形式加入,Ce以CeO2粉体的形式加入,制备得到掺杂改性的铌酸铋钙无铅压电陶瓷。测试其压电性能。所得陶瓷样品的压电常数d33=9pC/N,介电损耗tanδ=0.31%,居里温度为800℃。
Claims (10)
1.一种铋层状结构铌酸铋钙高温压电陶瓷材料,其特征在于,该高温压电陶瓷材料的通式为Ca0.9(LiGd)0.05Bi2Nb2-xCrxO9,其中0<x≤0.20。
2.如权利要求1所述的铋层状结构铌酸铋钙高温压电陶瓷材料,其特征在于,所述高温压电陶瓷材料具有下列之一所示的化学组成:
Ca0.9(LiGd)0.05Bi2Nb1.95Cr0.05O9;
Ca0.9(LiGd)0.05Bi2Nb1.90Cr0.10O9;
Ca0.9(LiGd)0.05Bi2Nb1.85Cr0.15O9;
Ca0.9(LiGd)0.05Bi2Nb1.80Cr0.20O9;
所述铋层状结构铌酸铋钙高温压电陶瓷材料具有13-18pC/N的压电常数d33。
3.权利要求1或2所述的铋层状结构铌酸铋钙高温压电陶瓷材料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤如下:
以CaCO3粉体、Li2CO3粉体、Gd2O3粉体、Bi2O3粉体、Nb2O5粉体和Cr2O3粉体为原料,按通式中Ca、Li、Gd、Bi、Cr和Nb的化学计量比进行配料,预球磨,得混合粉料;
将所述混合粉料进行烘干,烘干后再进行预烧结,得到经过预烧结的粉料;
将所述经过预烧结的粉料进行二次球磨,得到经过二次球磨的粉料;
向所述经过二次球磨的粉料中加入粘合剂压制成陶瓷坯片,并进行排塑处理;
将排塑处理后的陶瓷坯片进行烧结,冷却;
将冷却后的陶瓷坯片进行抛光、被银电极和极化处理,即得铋层状结构铌酸铋钙高温压电陶瓷材料。
4.如权利要求3所述的铋层状结构铌酸铋钙高温压电陶瓷材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述预球磨和二次球磨的球磨介质为去离子水,去离子水的用量为所述原料总重量的60-80%。
5.如权利要求3所述的铋层状结构铌酸铋钙高温压电陶瓷材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述预球磨和二次球磨的球磨速率为200-300r/min,球磨的时间为8-12h。
6.如权利要求3所述的铋层状结构铌酸铋钙高温压电陶瓷材料的制备方法,其特征在于,预烧结温度为800-900℃,预烧结的保温时间为2-4h。
7.如权利要求3所述的铋层状结构铌酸铋钙高温压电陶瓷材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述粘合剂为重量百分含量为5%的聚乙烯醇水溶液;粘合剂的用量为二次球磨后粉料总重量的6-8%。
8.如权利要求3所述的铋层状结构铌酸铋钙高温压电陶瓷材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述排塑温度为600-800℃。
9.如权利要求3所述的铋层状结构铌酸铋钙高温压电陶瓷材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述烧结温度为1100-1200℃,烧结保温时间为2-4h。
10.如权利要求3所述的铋层状结构铌酸铋钙高温压电陶瓷材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述极化处理的温度为为150-200℃,极化的电压为10-12kV/mm,极化的时间为20-40min。
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