CN106543075B - 一类棉用黄染料及其合成和废水处理方法 - Google Patents
一类棉用黄染料及其合成和废水处理方法 Download PDFInfo
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- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D213/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D213/24—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D213/44—Radicals substituted by doubly-bound oxygen, sulfur, or nitrogen atoms, or by two such atoms singly-bound to the same carbon atom
- C07D213/53—Nitrogen atoms
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- C09B62/36—Reactive dyes, i.e. dyes which form covalent bonds with the substrates or which polymerise with themselves with the reactive group directly attached to a heterocyclic ring to some other heterocyclic ring
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Abstract
本发明设计合成了一类棉用黄染料，是以乙醇/水的混合物为溶剂，在氮气保护、酸性条件下，使CN6H9Cl与4‑吡啶甲醛或3‑吡啶甲醛于90~120℃回流8~12h；冷却到室温，加入氯化钠，常温搅拌至有大量黄色沉淀析出，抽滤，干燥，得到亮黄色粉末，即得染料。本发明制备的染料对于棉纤维和棉布具有很好的染色效果，色泽鲜艳，染色均匀，而且色牢度较高。染色后的染料废水采用盐析法使得染料析出，过滤，干燥，回收率可达到98%以上；过滤以后的盐水经溶剂挥发法将氯化钠析出可循环使用。该方法大大降低了染料废弃物对环境的污染，同时也为染料废水的处理提供了新方法。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于棉纤维或棉布染色的染料，尤其涉及一类棉用黄染料的结构和合成方法，本发明同时还涉及该染料的废水处理，属于精细化工技术领域和污水处理技术领域。
背景技术
染料是能够使一定颜色附着在纤维上的物质，且不易脱落、变色。染料通常溶于水中，一部份的染料需要媒染剂使染料能黏着于纤维上。考古资料显示，染色技术于印度和中东已有超过五千年历史。当时的染料从动植物或矿物质而来，甚少经过处理。1856年Perkin发明第一个合成染料——马尾紫，使有机化学分出了一门新学科——染料化学。20世纪50年代。Pattee和Stephen发现含二氯均三嗪基团的染料在碱性条件下与纤维上的羟基发生键合，标志着染料使纤维着色从物理过程发展到化学过程，开创了活性染料的合成应用时期。
目前用于棉纤维或棉布染色的染料的黄染料主要有：碱性嫩黄D、直接耐晒黄5GL、酸性橙、酸性黄等。在这些染料中，碱性嫩黄D的耐晒牢度低，接触或吸入能够引起中毒，有致癌作用；直接耐晒黄5GL的合成步骤繁琐，湿牢度较低，上色率一般；酸性橙染料对人体有毒害作用，长期使用能引起中毒，危害消费者的健康；酸性黄合成步骤繁琐，反应过程中须重氮化。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对现有技术中棉用黄染料存在的问题，提供一类新型结构的棉用黄染料分子；
本发明的另一目的是提供一种上述棉用黄染料分子的制备方法；
本发明的还有一个目的，就是提供一种上述棉用黄染料的废水处理方法。
一、棉用黄染料的结构和合成
本发明棉用黄染料的分子结构如下：
染料1 染料2
上述棉用黄染料的合成方法，包括以下工艺步骤：
（1）三氨基胍盐酸盐（CN6H9Cl）的制备：以1,4-二氧六环为溶剂，CN3H6Cl与水合肼以1:1~1:3的摩尔比，于90~120℃回流4~8h，冷却至室温后抽滤，甲醇洗涤，干燥，得到白色结晶即得；
（2）棉用黄染料的制备：以乙醇/水的混合物为溶剂，在氮气保护、酸性条件下，使CN6H9Cl与4-吡啶甲醛或3-吡啶甲醛以1:1~1:7的摩尔比，于90~120℃回流8~12h；冷却到室温，加入氯化钠，常温搅拌至有大量黄色沉淀析出，抽滤，干燥，得到亮黄色粉末，即得染料。
乙醇/水的混合物中，乙醇与水的体积比为3:1~2:1；
氯化钠的加入量为三氨基胍盐酸盐摩尔量的5~10倍。氯化钠的作用是为溶液提供足量的阴离子，使染料分子大量析出。
二、棉用黄染料的染色性能
1、染料实验
1）称取0.2g棉布15块；
2）分别取0.2g染料1和染料2，分别配制100mL的标准水溶液（无需调pH值）；移取50mL至100mL的烧杯中，分别浸入一块棉布；两小时后将棉布取出，自然晾干。
3）取出染布前后的溶液各1mL分别稀释到100mL容量瓶中。取稀释后未染布的溶液分别为2.5mL、5mL、7.5mL、10mL、12.5mL于25mL的比色管中定容25mL，分别测其吸光度制得标准曲线为：染料1：y=0.0996x-0.03；染料2：y=0.0682x–0.0089。
4）取稀释后的染布溶液测其吸光度，代入标准曲线计算棉布对其吸附量：染料1为0.1957g/g，染料2为0.1284g/g。对比染料1和染料2，棉布对其吸附量基本相同。
2、色泽
用染料1对棉布进行染色，染色后相应布料呈亮黄色；用染料2对棉布进行染色，染色后相应布料呈橘黄色。两种染料对棉布的染色效果都较好，色泽鲜艳，染色均匀。
3、浓度对染色效果的影响
由于染料1和2的性质基本相同，我们以染料1为代表进行进一步研究。增加染料1的浓度到2g/L、3g/L、4g/L、5g/L、6g/L、7g/L、8g/L，重复染料实验中步骤（2）。单位质量棉布对不同浓度染料的吸附量见图3。图3的数据表明，染料浓度在3~6g/L的范围内，棉布对染料的吸附量基本趋于平衡。因此，染料浓度应控制在3~4g/L。
4、染色牢度
在不添加任何固色剂且染料浓度为4g/L情况下，染色两小时并自然干燥；再放入pH=14的强碱性溶液浸泡两小时干燥，对比发现着色效果基本保持。
将在染料浓度为4g/L情况下染好的两块布分别置于密封与自然条件下存放2个月，发现两块棉布的颜色基本没有发生改变。
三、染料的废水处理
采用是盐析法，利用同离子效应，在染料废水中加入氯化钠（加入量为染料分子质量的5~10倍），充分搅拌（搅拌时间在10~30min）使得染料析出，过滤，干燥后可进行循环使用，且回收率可达到98%以上；过滤以后的盐水经溶剂挥发法将氯化钠析出可循环使用。
综上所述，本发明设计合成了一种合成方法简单，成本低的黄色染料，该染料用于棉纤维和棉布染色具有很好的染色效果，色泽鲜艳，染色均匀，而且色牢度较高。染色后的染料废水采用盐析法使得染料析出，过滤，干燥，回收率可达到98%以上；过滤以后的盐水经溶剂挥发法将氯化钠析出可循环使用。该方法大大降低了染料废弃物对环境的污染，同时也为染料废水的处理提供了新方法。
附图说明
图1为染料1的标准曲线图。
图2为染料2的标准曲线图。
图3为染料1单位质量棉布对不同浓度染料的吸附量。
图4为染料1的H1核磁图。
图5为染料2的H1核磁图。
图6为染料1的红外谱图。
图7为染料2的红外谱图。
图8为染料1的质谱谱图。
图9为染料2的质谱谱图。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施例对本发明燃料分子的结构、制备方法以及性能作进一步说明。
实施例1
（1）CN6H9Cl（三氨基胍盐酸盐）的制取：取2.866gCN3H6Cl，4mL水合肼，于盛有10mL1,4-二氧六环的50mL的烧杯中，100℃回流5h，待混合物冷却至室温后抽滤，甲醇洗涤，干燥，得到白色结晶物质3.554g，即为CN6H9Cl，产率84.2%；
（2）染料1的制取：称取1g CN6H9Cl，加入到盛有30mL热CH3CH2OH/H2O（V乙/V水=2:1）混合液中，调节pH=1，加入4mL 3-吡啶甲醛，氮气保护回流12h。冷却到室温，加入3.6g氯化钠，常温搅拌15分钟，至有大量黄色沉淀析出，抽滤，干燥，得到亮黄色粉末2.845g即为染料1，产率大于98%，纯度大于98%。染料1的H1核磁图、红外图、质谱图见图4、6、8。
染料1的合成式如下：
（3）染色：称取0.2g棉布一块；取0.2g染料1，配制成浓度为4g/L的溶液；将棉布浸于染料溶液中染色两小时，并自然干燥；得到色泽鲜艳，染色均匀的亮黄色棉布。
（4）染料废水处理：在染色后的染料溶液中，加入3.6g氯化钠，搅拌30min，使得染料完全析出，过滤，干燥，染料的回收率可达到98%以上，且回收的染料可进行循环使用。过滤以后的盐水经溶剂挥发法将氯化钠析出可循环使用。
实施例2、染料2的制备
（1）CN6H9Cl（三氨基胍硝酸盐）的制取：同实施例1；
（2）染料1的制取：称取1g CN6H9Cl，加入到盛有30mL热CH3CH2OH/H2O（V乙/V水=2:1）混合液中，调节pH=1，加入4mL 4-吡啶甲醛，氮气保护回流12h。冷却到室温，加入3.6g氯化钠，常温搅拌15分钟，至有大量黄色沉淀析出，抽滤，干燥，得到橘色粉末2.841g，即为染料2，产率大于98%，纯度大于98%。染料2的H1核磁图、红外图、质谱图见图5、7、9。
染料2的合成式如下：
（3）染色：称取0.2g棉布一块；取0.2g染料1，配制成浓度为4g/L的溶液；将棉布浸于染料溶液中染色两小时，并自然干燥；得到色泽鲜艳，染色均匀的橘黄色棉布。
（4）染料废水处理：在染色后的染料溶液中，加入3.6g氯化钠，搅拌30min，使得染料完全析出，过滤，干燥，染料的回收率可达到98%以上，且回收的染料可进行循环使用。过滤以后的盐水经溶剂挥发法将氯化钠析出可循环使用。
Claims (3)
1.黄染料用于棉布染色的用途，其特征在于：所述黄染料的结构式如下：
。
2.如权利要求1所述黄染料用于棉布染色的用途，其特征在于：所述染料1对棉布进行染色，染色后相应布料呈亮黄色。
3.如权利要求1所述黄染料用于棉布染色的用途，其特征在于：所述染料2对棉布进行染色，染色后相应布料呈橘黄色。
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| CN101925660A (zh) * | 2007-11-26 | 2010-12-22 | 都柏林技术学院知识产权公司 | 有机硅烷涂层组合物及其应用 |
| CN105504870A (zh) * | 2015-11-27 | 2016-04-20 | 天津德凯化工股份有限公司 | 一种黄色活性染料及其制备方法 |
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| CN101735650A (zh) * | 2009-12-18 | 2010-06-16 | 湖北华丽染料工业有限公司 | 一种红色含氟三嗪活性染料及其制备方法及用途 |
| CN105504870A (zh) * | 2015-11-27 | 2016-04-20 | 天津德凯化工股份有限公司 | 一种黄色活性染料及其制备方法 |
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