CN106540745A - 表面有机分子修饰的二氧化钛及其制备方法与应用 - Google Patents
表面有机分子修饰的二氧化钛及其制备方法与应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种表面有机分子修饰的二氧化钛，其制备方法为：在反应容器中，加入长链线性有机化合物、无水乙醇A、钛酸四丁酯，搅拌5～15min，再加入蒸馏水A搅拌10～20min，接着升温至170～180℃反应13～15h，之后冷却至室温，反应液经过滤，滤饼用无水乙醇B、蒸馏水B洗涤，烘干制得表面有机分子修饰的二氧化钛，可应用于光催化降解染料废水中的有机污染物；本发明二氧化钛光催化剂的有机分子表面修饰效果较好，提高了催化剂的光催化活性，且催化剂结构并未发生变化，表面修饰的有机分子完好，催化剂能够脱附再生，具有很好的重复利用价值和巨大的实际意义。
Description
(一)技术领域
本发明涉及一种表面有机分子修饰的二氧化钛及其制备方法与应用。
(二)背景技术
在众多环境污染治理技术中，以半导体氧化物TiO2为催化剂的多相光催化降解污染物已成为一种热门、高效、理想的治理技术。其催化原理主要为光催化剂TiO2受到能量大于其禁带宽度(Eg)的光照射时，诱发电子(e-)和空穴(h+)，进而在表面形成·OH，进一步与有机物发生一系列的自由基反应从而使之降解，但是同时存在电子与空穴的复合，光催化效率较低。
为了进一步提高TiO2光催化反应的活性和选择性，提高光量子产率，将其激发波长扩张到可见光区，提高光能利用率和光催化效率，已有研究对二氧化钛进行修饰、掺杂和复合等，如稀土氧化物复合，钨、镧等金属离子修饰，Ag、Au、Pt等贵金属沉积以及Bi、I等两种元素共同修饰等。然而，国内外对TiO2表面有机分子(如长链线性胺和酸)修饰及其光催化性能的影响研究并不活跃深入。
(三)发明内容
针对目前已有对二氧化钛进行修饰、掺杂和复合的不足，本发明提出对二氧化钛表面进行不同有机分子(如长链线性胺和酸)修饰的方法，以提高二氧化钛光催化效率和重复利用价值。
本发明采用如下技术方案：
一种表面有机分子修饰的二氧化钛，其制备方法为：
在反应容器中，加入长链线性有机化合物、无水乙醇A、钛酸四丁酯，搅拌5～15min，再加入蒸馏水A搅拌10～20min，接着升温至170～180℃反应14h，之后冷却至室温(20～30℃)，反应液经过滤，滤饼用无水乙醇B、蒸馏水B洗涤，烘干(60～70℃)制得表面有机分子修饰的二氧化钛。
所述的长链线性有机化合物为十二胺、十八胺、十一酸或十二烷二酸。
所述的长链线性有机化合物与无水乙醇A、钛酸四丁酯、蒸馏水A的投料体积比为2～4：9～11：2～4：1，优选3：10：3：1。
所述的“无水乙醇A”、“无水乙醇B”没有特殊的含义，标记为“A”、“B”只是用于区分不同操作步骤中所用到无水乙醇；“蒸馏水A”、“蒸馏水B”与之同理。
本发明制得的表面有机分子修饰的二氧化钛粉体材料，利用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、红外光谱(FT-IR)、高分辨率的透射电镜(HRTEM)对其进行分析表征。其中基体二氧化钛为纳米锐钛矿型，呈长条片状，长10～30nm、宽5～15nm，晶粒的平均厚度为7～11nm，粒度比较均匀，颗粒表面较为光滑，颗粒之间界面明显，有机分子表面修饰效果较好。
本发明制得的表面有机分子修饰的二氧化钛可作为光催化剂应用于光催化降解染料废水中的有机污染物(具体例如典型的偶氮染料甲基橙)的反应中。
本发明的有益效果主要体现在：二氧化钛光催化剂的有机分子表面修饰效果较好，提高了催化剂的光催化活性，且催化剂结构并未发生变化，表面修饰的有机分子完好。催化剂能够脱附再生，具有很好的重复利用价值和巨大的实际意义。
(四)附图说明
图1：实施例1中不同有机分子修饰纳米TiO2的XRD图谱；
图2：实施例1中不同有机分子修饰纳米TiO2的红外光谱；
图3：实施例2中不同有机分子修饰纳米TiO2光催化降解甲基橙后的红外光谱；
图4：实施例1中不同有机分子修饰纳米TiO2的HRTEM照片；
图5：实施例2中不同有机分子修饰纳米TiO2对吸附平衡的影响对比；
图6：实施例2中不同有机分子修饰纳米TiO2对光催化降解甲基橙效能的影响对比。
(五)具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明进行进一步描述，但本发明的保护范围并不仅限于此。
实施例1
不同有机分子修饰纳米TiO2的制备
在4个水热釜中，各自分别加入6mL的长链线性有机化合物(4个水热釜分别对应加入十二胺、十八胺、十一酸、十二烷二酸)和20mL的无水乙醇，再加入6mL的钛酸四丁酯，混合磁力搅拌10min后，再加入2mL的蒸馏水继续搅拌20min，然后将反应釜升温至180℃反应14h，之后冷却至室温，过滤，滤饼用无水乙醇和蒸馏水进行多次洗涤后，烘干制得4种不同有机分子修饰纳米TiO2样品。
利用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、红外光谱(FT-IR)、高分辨率的透射电镜(HRTEM)对所得样品进行分析表征。
实施例2
通过降解甲基橙来评价实施例1中制备的不同有机分子修饰纳米TiO2样品的光催化性能，测试方法如下：
在500mL烧杯中加入200mL浓度为50μmol/L甲基橙溶液和40mg的TiO2粉末进行电磁搅拌和避光反应，每隔10min取出少量的混合液离心分离，取其上层清液用分光光度计测其全波长的吸光度，测试完成后混合液再次倒入反应体系中，直到最大吸收峰处的吸光度值不再变化达到吸附平衡。然后在吸附平衡的基础上进行光催化降解实验，该降解以100w的汞灯作为光源，降解反应在密闭的XPA-2(G8)型光催化反应仪里进行。在光催化反应仪中，光源距液面15cm，同时进行电磁搅拌和水冷，并保持反应温度在25℃。整个光催化反应时间为90min，每隔10min取出少量的混合液离心分离，取其上层清液用分光光度计测其全波长的吸光度。
不同有机分子修饰纳米TiO2对吸附平衡的影响对比
由图5可知，十二胺、十八胺、十一酸和十二烷二酸修饰的TiO2吸附平衡时间分别为4.8h、5.2h、3.5h、3.8h，而P25的吸附平衡时间为0.5h，从而可知有机分子修饰的TiO2吸附甲基橙达到平衡所需要的时间远大于P25吸附平衡时间。有机分子修饰的TiO2吸附甲基橙的性能，与其所需要的吸附平衡时间相符合，吸附所需平衡时间越长，吸附效果越佳，并且均优于P25对甲基橙的吸附性能。
不同有机分子修饰纳米TiO2对光催化降解甲基橙效能的影响对比
由图6可以看出，在同样的实验条件光照下，实验用的四种不同的有机分子修饰的TiO2在相同条件下的降解效率不同，比较甲基橙的残留率发现，降解效率由大到小的顺序为：十八胺修饰的TiO2>十二胺胺修饰的TiO2>十二烷二酸修饰的TiO2>十一酸修饰的TiO2>P25，这与上述得出的吸附性能结果相一致。由实验结果可得，与P25样品的光催化活性相比，上述修饰的有机分子均能提高催化剂的光催化活性，十八胺修饰的TiO2光降解甲基橙的效率约为十一酸修饰的TiO2光降解甲基橙效率的4.16倍。
根据附图以及综上所述，本发明中不同有机分子修饰二氧化钛均为纯锐钛矿型TiO2，具有较高的催化活性。并且有机分子修饰纳米TiO2颗粒表面较为光滑，颗粒粒径均匀，颗粒之间界面明显。光催化降解甲基橙后，有机分子修饰的纳米TiO2的特征吸收峰与未降解前基本一致，说明发生光催化降解甲基橙后，催化剂结构并未发生变化，表面修饰的有机分子完好。由此可知本发明有机分子修饰纳米TiO2催化剂不但能够脱附再生，且光催化降解效能良好、重复利用价值高。
本说明书实施例所述的内容仅仅是对发明构思的实现形式的列举，本发明的保护范围不应当被视为仅限于实施例所陈述的具体形式，本发明的保护范围也包括本领域技术人员根据本发明构思所能够想到的等同技术手段。
Claims (4)
1.一种表面有机分子修饰的二氧化钛，其特征在于，所述表面有机分子修饰的二氧化钛按如下方法制备得到：
在反应容器中，加入长链线性有机化合物、无水乙醇A、钛酸四丁酯，搅拌5～15min，再加入蒸馏水A搅拌10～20min，接着升温至170～180℃反应13～15h，之后冷却至室温，反应液经过滤，滤饼用无水乙醇B、蒸馏水B洗涤，烘干制得表面有机分子修饰的二氧化钛；
所述的长链线性有机化合物为十二胺、十八胺、十一酸或十二烷二酸；
所述的长链线性有机化合物与无水乙醇A、钛酸四丁酯、蒸馏水A的投料体积比为2～4：9～11：2～4：1。
2.如权利要求1所述的表面有机分子修饰的二氧化钛，其特征在于，所述的长链线性有机化合物与无水乙醇A、钛酸四丁酯、蒸馏水A的投料体积比为3：10：3：1。
3.如权利要求1所述的表面有机分子修饰的二氧化钛在光催化降解染料废水中有机污染物的应用。
4.如权利要求3所述的应用，其特征在于，所述的有机污染物为偶氮染料甲基橙。
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