CN106536519B - 唑苯衍生物的晶体 - Google Patents
唑苯衍生物的晶体 Download PDFInfo
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- CN106536519B CN106536519B CN201580040558.5A CN201580040558A CN106536519B CN 106536519 B CN106536519 B CN 106536519B CN 201580040558 A CN201580040558 A CN 201580040558A CN 106536519 B CN106536519 B CN 106536519B
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- Prior art keywords
- methyl
- base
- crystal
- tetrazolium
- phenyl
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- SEDZOYHHAIAQIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylsilyl azide Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)N=[N+]=[N-] SEDZOYHHAIAQIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000404 tripotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019798 tripotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000002485 urinary effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000002700 urine Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940005605 valeric acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000004218 vascular function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003871 white petrolatum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明提供作为痛风、高尿酸血症等治疗药或预防药有效的2‑[4‑(2,2‑二甲基丙氧基)‑3‑(1H‑1,2,3,4‑四唑‑1‑基)苯基]‑4‑甲基‑1,3‑噻唑‑5‑甲酸的晶体。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及作为痛风、高尿酸血症、肿瘤溶解综合征、尿道结石、高血压、血脂异常、糖尿病、动脉硬化或心功能不全等心血管疾病、糖尿病性肾病等肾疾病、慢性阻塞性肺疾病等呼吸系统疾病、炎性肠病或自身免疫性疾病等黄嘌呤氧化酶参与的疾病的治疗药或预防药有效的新型唑苯(azole benzene)衍生物的晶体。
背景技术
黄嘌呤氧化酶是在核酸代谢中催化由次黄嘌呤向黄嘌呤转化、再向尿酸转化的酶。
针对黄嘌呤氧化酶的作用,黄嘌呤氧化酶抑制剂通过抑制尿酸合成来降低血中尿酸值。即,黄嘌呤氧化酶抑制剂对高尿酸血症和由其引起的各种疾病的治疗有效。另一方面,高尿酸血症持续而导致尿酸盐晶体沉着(沉积),结果引起的病态有被称作痛风的痛风性关节炎、痛风结节。另外,高尿酸血症还作为与肥胖、高血压、血脂异常和糖尿病等有关的生活习惯病或代谢综合征的因素而受到重视,最近通过流行病学调查明确了:高尿酸血症是肾损害、尿道结石、心血管疾病的危险因素(日本痛风和核酸代谢学会指南修订委员会编,“高尿酸血症和痛风的治疗指南 第2版”, Medical Review社, 2010)。另外,黄嘌呤氧化酶抑制剂因其活性氧簇(活性氧类别, reactive oxygen species)产生抑制活性而被期待着在活性氧簇参与的疾病的治疗中的有效性、例如在基于血管功能改善作用的心血管疾病治疗中的有效性(Circulation. 2006; 114: 2508-2516)。
在临床上,作为高尿酸血症的治疗药,使用别嘌醇(allopurinol)、非布索坦(febuxostat),但别嘌醇被报道有Stevens-Johnson综合征、中毒性表皮坏死症、肝损害、肾功能损害等副作用(Nippon Rinsho, 2003; 61, Suppul.1: 197-201)。
作为具有黄嘌呤氧化酶抑制活性的化合物,例如有人报道了2-苯基噻唑衍生物(专利文献1~3)。
另一方面,在专利文献4和专利文献5中,报道了中央具有苯环的二噻唑甲酸衍生物。另外,在专利文献6和专利文献7中,报道了联苯噻唑甲酸衍生物。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:国际公开第92/09279号;
专利文献2:特开2002-105067号;
专利文献3:国际公开第96/31211号;
专利文献4:国际公开第2011/139886号;
专利文献5:国际公开第2011/101867号;
专利文献6:国际公开第2010/018458号;
专利文献7:国际公开第2010/128163号。
发明内容
发明所要解决的课题
本发明的目的在于提供作为痛风、高尿酸血症、肿瘤溶解综合征、尿道结石、高血压、血脂异常、糖尿病、动脉硬化或心功能不全等心血管疾病、糖尿病性肾病等肾疾病、慢性阻塞性肺疾病等呼吸系统疾病、炎性肠病或自身免疫性疾病等黄嘌呤氧化酶参与的疾病的治疗药或预防药有效的新型化合物的晶体。
用于解决课题的手段
本发明人为了上述目的进行了深入地研究,结果发现了:2-[4-(2,2-二甲基丙氧基)-3-(1H-1,2,3,4-四唑-1-基)苯基]-4-甲基-1,3-噻唑-5-甲酸(以下,也表示为化合物(I))可以晶体化、以及至少存在1种的多晶形体。
即,本发明如下:
[1] 2-[4-(2,2-二甲基丙氧基)-3-(1H-1,2,3,4-四唑-1-基)苯基]-4-甲基-1,3-噻唑-5-甲酸的晶体;
[2] [1]的晶体,其中,该晶体为A晶;
[3] [2]的晶体,其中,粉末X射线衍射光谱中,在衍射角2θ=7.2°、11.3°、15.9°、17.9°、20.8°、22.3°、23.1°、23.8°、24.3°、和28.6°处具有特征性峰;
[4] [2]的晶体,其中,粉末X射线衍射光谱具有图1所示的图案;
[5] [2]的晶体,其中,热重量测定/示差热分析中的放热峰为232℃;
[6] 药物组合物,该药物组合物包含[1]~[5]中任一项的晶体和制药学上可接受的载体;
[7] 黄嘌呤氧化酶抑制药,该黄嘌呤氧化酶抑制药含有[1]~[5]中任一项的晶体作为有效成分;以及
[8] 选自痛风、高尿酸血症、肿瘤溶解综合征、尿道结石、高血压、血脂异常、糖尿病、心血管疾病、肾疾病、呼吸系统疾病、炎性肠病和自身免疫性疾病的一种以上疾病的治疗药或预防药,该治疗药或预防药含有[1]~[5]中任一项的晶体作为有效成分。
发明效果
根据本发明提供作为痛风、高尿酸血症、肿瘤溶解综合征、尿道结石、高血压、血脂异常、糖尿病、动脉硬化或心功能不全等心血管疾病、糖尿病性肾病等肾疾病、慢性阻塞性肺疾病等呼吸系统疾病、炎性肠病或自身免疫性疾病等黄嘌呤氧化酶参与的疾病的治疗药或预防药有效的唑苯衍生物的晶体。该晶体可以用作医药品制备用原料。
附图简述
图1:图1是A晶的粉末X射线衍射光谱。
具体实施方式
“黄嘌呤氧化酶”通常以“广义”和“狭义”来使用,“广义”是指催化由次黄嘌呤向黄嘌呤、再向尿酸的氧化反应的酶,“狭义”是指作为催化相同反应的酶之一的氧化酶型的黄嘌呤氧化还原酶,在本发明中,只要没有特别说明,则“黄嘌呤氧化酶”是指催化由次黄嘌呤向黄嘌呤、再向尿酸的氧化反应的酶的总称。在担负该反应的黄嘌呤氧化还原酶中,存在氧化酶型和脱氢酶型这两种类型,这两种类型也包含在本发明的黄嘌呤氧化酶中。在“黄嘌呤氧化酶抑制活性”、“黄嘌呤氧化酶抑制剂”等中,只要没有特别说明,则“黄嘌呤氧化酶”也具有与上述定义相同的含义。
本发明的晶体被特征为:粉末X射线衍射光谱和/或热重量测定/示差热分析(TG/DTA)等。本发明的晶体的粉末X射线衍射(XRD)光谱显示特征性图案,具有特征性的衍射角2θ的值。另外,本发明的晶体即使在热重量测定/示差热分析(TG/DTA)中也分别显示特征性的热行为。
本发明的A晶在粉末X射线衍射光谱中,在衍射角2θ=7.2°、11.3°、15.9°、17.9°、20.8°、22.3°、23.1°、23.8°、24.3°、和28.6°处具有特征性峰。另外,本发明的A晶在粉末X射线衍射光谱中,具有图1所示的图案。在热重量测定/示差热分析(TG/DTA)中,在232℃处具有放热峰。A晶为无水晶体。
在此,“特征性峰”是指,在各晶体多形的粉末X射线衍射光谱中主要确认到的峰和固有的峰。通过本发明的衍射角确定(特定)的晶体中也包含确认到上述特征性峰之外的峰的物质。
粉末X射线衍射光谱中的衍射角2θ的位置和相对强度可因测定条件而略微变动,因此,即使在2θ略微不同的情况下,也应该适当参照光谱整体的图案来确定晶形的同一性,所述误差范围的晶体也包括在本发明中。作为2θ的误差,例如为±0.5°、±0.2°。即,通过上述衍射角确定的晶体还包含在±0.5°~±0.2°的范围内一致的物质。
在热重量测定/示差热分析(TG/DTA)中,“放热峰”和“吸热峰”是峰的起始点的温度,是指通过外插求出的放热和吸热的起始温度。TG/DTA中的吸热和放热峰也可因测定条件而略微变动。作为误差,例如为±5℃、±2℃的范围。即,通过上述峰确定的晶体还包含在±5℃~±2℃的范围内一致的物质。
并且,关于粉末X射线衍射光谱、TG/DTA的任一种,对于晶体的标准品、例如通过本申请实施例记载的方法获得的各晶体的实测值与本申请记载的数值之差也允许作为测定误差。即,在通过所述方法算出的误差范围内,衍射角或吸热和放热峰一致的晶体也包含在本发明的晶体中。
2-[4-(2,2-二甲基丙氧基)-3-(1H-1,2,3,4-四唑-1-基)苯基]-4-甲基-1,3-噻唑-5-甲酸的A晶例如可以通过以下的方法来合成。
化合物(A-2)的合成
[化学式1]
(式中,Y1和Y2表示离去基团。)
作为Y1和Y2所示的离去基团,可以举出:卤原子、甲磺酰氧基、对甲苯磺酰氧基、三氟甲磺酰氧基等。本反应是通过在碱存在下、使新戊醇与化合物(A-1)中的离去基团Y2反应来合成化合物(A-2)的方法。作为所使用的碱,可以使用:氢化钠、氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、氢氧化锂、碳酸钠、碳酸钾、碳酸铯等无机盐;乙醇钠、甲醇钠、叔丁氧基钾等金属醇化物(alkoxide);三乙胺、吡啶、4-氨基吡啶、N-乙基-N,N-二异丙胺(DIPEA)、1,8-二氮杂双环[5.4.0]-7-十一碳烯(DBU)等有机胺。本反应通过在0℃~140℃下、在对反应呈惰性的溶剂中、使等量或稍微过量的碱、和等量或过剩量的新戊醇与化合物(A-1)反应之后、加入化合物(A-1)、通常反应0.5~16小时来进行。本反应优选在氮等惰性气体环境下进行。在此,作为溶剂没有特别限定,例如可以举出:苯、甲苯、二甲苯等芳族烃类;二乙醚、四氢呋喃(THF)、1,4-二噁烷、1,2-二甲氧基乙烷、1,2-二乙氧基乙烷等醚类;二氯甲烷、1,2-二氯乙烷、氯仿等卤代烃类;N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)、N-甲基吡咯烷酮、二甲基亚砜(DMSO)、水或它们的混合溶剂等。
化合物(A-4)的合成
[化学式2]
(式中,R表示碳原子数1~6的烷基。)
本合成法是通过使化合物(A-2)和(A-3)偶合来合成化合物(A-4)的方法。作为Y1所示的离去基团,可以举出:卤原子、甲磺酰氧基、对甲苯磺酰氧基、三氟甲磺酰氧基等。本反应通过使用等量或一方过剩量的化合物(A-2)和(A-3)、在对反应呈惰性的溶剂中、在碱和过渡金属催化剂存在下、根据需要加入配位子、羧酸和铜(I价或II价)盐、在室温~加热回流下、通常反应0.5小时~2天来进行。本反应优选在氮等惰性气体环境下进行。在此,作为溶剂没有特别限定,例如可以举出:苯、甲苯、二甲苯等芳族烃类;二乙醚、四氢呋喃(THF)、1,4-二噁烷、1,2-二甲氧基乙烷、1,2-二乙氧基乙烷等醚类;二氯甲烷、1,2-二氯乙烷、氯仿等卤代烃类;甲醇、乙醇、2-丙醇、丁醇等醇类;N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)、N-甲基吡咯烷酮、二甲基亚砜(DMSO)、水或它们的混合溶剂等。作为碱,可以举出:氢化锂、氢化钠、氢化钾、氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、碳酸钠、碳酸钾、碳酸铯、氟化钾、氟化铯、磷酸三钾、乙酸钠、乙酸钾等、碳原子数1~6的醇化物的金属盐(锂盐、钠盐、钾盐、镁盐)、碳原子数1~6的烷基阴离子的金属盐(锂盐、钠盐、钾盐、镁盐)、四(碳原子数1~4的烷基)铵盐(氟化盐、氯化盐、溴化盐)、二异丙基乙胺、三丁胺、N-甲基吗啉、二氮杂双环十一碳烯、二氮杂双环辛烷、或咪唑等。作为过渡金属催化剂,可以举出:铜、钯、钴、铁、铑、钌、和铱等。作为配位子,可以举出:三(叔丁基)膦、三(环己基)膦、叔丁基二环己基膦、二(叔丁基)环己基膦、或二(叔丁基)甲基膦等。作为铜(I价或II价)盐,可以举出:氯化铜(I)、溴化铜(I)、碘化铜(I)、乙酸铜(I)、氟化铜(II)、氯化铜(II)、溴化铜(II)、碘化铜(II)、乙酸铜(II)和它们的水合物、以及它们的混合物等。作为羧酸,可以举出:甲酸、乙酸、丙酸、正丁酸、异丁酸、戊酸、异戊酸、特戊酸、和三氟乙酸等。
化合物(A-5)的合成
[化学式3]
(式中,R表示碳原子数1~6的烷基。)
本合成法是通过将化合物(A-4)的硝基还原来合成化合物(A-5)的方法。本反应通过将化合物(A-4)在对反应呈惰性的溶剂中、过渡金属催化剂存在下、氢气环境下、室温~加热回流下、通常反应0.5小时~2天来进行。在此,作为溶剂没有特别限定,例如可以举出:苯、甲苯、二甲苯等芳族烃类;二乙醚、四氢呋喃(THF)、1,4-二噁烷、1,2-二甲氧基乙烷、1,2-二乙氧基乙烷等醚类;二氯甲烷、1,2-二氯乙烷、氯仿等卤代烃类;甲醇、乙醇、2-丙醇、丁醇等醇类;N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)、N-甲基吡咯烷酮、二甲基亚砜(DMSO)、乙酸乙酯或它们的混合溶剂等。作为过渡金属催化剂,优选钯-碳、氢氧化钯、钯黑、铂-碳、拉尼镍(raneynickel)等。
化合物(A-6):2-[4-(2,2-二甲基丙氧基)-3-(1H-1,2,3,4-四唑-1-基)苯基]-4-甲基-1,3-噻唑-5-甲酸的烷基酯的合成
[化学式4]
(式中,R和R1独立表示碳原子数1~6的烷基。)
本合成法是使化合物(A-5)和原甲酸酯和叠氮化合物反应来合成四唑环的方法。本反应通过使用等量或任一方过剩量的化合物(A-5)、原甲酸酯和叠氮化合物、在对反应呈惰性的溶剂中、酸存在下、室温~加热回流下、通常反应0.5小时~2天来进行。本反应优选在氮等惰性气体环境下进行。作为原甲酸酯,可以举出:原甲酸三甲酯和原甲酸三乙酯等。另外,作为叠氮化合物,可以举出:叠氮化钠、三甲基甲硅烷基叠氮等。作为所使用的酸,可以举出:甲酸、乙酸等有机酸;盐酸、硫酸等无机酸;三氟甲磺酸铟、三氟甲磺酸镱、三氟甲磺酸锌、三氯化铟等路易斯酸。对作为用于这些反应的溶剂没有特别限定,例如可以举出:苯、甲苯、二氯甲烷、二氯乙烷、氯仿、四氯化碳、二乙醚、四氢呋喃(THF)、1,4-二噁烷、1,2-二甲氧基乙烷、1,2-二乙氧基乙烷、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)、N-甲基吡咯烷酮、二甲基亚砜(DMSO)或它们的混合溶剂等,也可以将乙酸等的酸用作溶剂。
化合物(I):2-[4-(2,2-二甲基丙氧基)-3-(1H-1,2,3,4-四唑-1-基)苯基]-4-甲基-1,3-噻唑-5-甲酸的A晶的合成
[化学式5]
(式中,R表示碳原子数1~6的烷基。)
化合物(I)的A晶可以通过包括下述步骤的方法进行制备:将化合物(A-7)悬浮于溶剂中,添加碱的水溶液进行水解的步骤;以及将反应物进行中和的步骤。另外,上述方法中,可以包括向中和物中添加水的步骤、接着将反应溶液进行搅拌的步骤。作为将化合物(A-7)进行悬浮的溶剂,例如可以举出:苯、甲苯、二甲苯等芳族烃类;二乙醚、四氢呋喃(THF)、1,4-二噁烷、1,2-二甲氧基乙烷、1,2-二乙氧基乙烷等醚类;二氯甲烷、1,2-二氯乙烷、氯仿等卤代烃类;甲醇、乙醇、2-丙醇、丁醇等醇类;N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)、N-甲基吡咯烷酮、二甲基亚砜(DMSO)、水或它们的混合溶剂等。优选为醚类或醇类、水或它们的混合溶剂。
在化合物(A-7)中,R优选碳原子数1~6的烷基、更优选乙基。在此,烷基是指直链或支链的脂肪族饱和烃。作为碳原子数1~6的烷基,可以举出:甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、丁基、异丁基、叔丁基、戊基、异戊基、己基等作为具体例子。
由化合物(A-7)水解成化合物(I)的反应、可通过将化合物(A-7)悬浮于上述溶剂(例如,化合物(A-7)的15倍量)中之后,使等量或稍微过量的碱与化合物(A-7)反应来进行。作为优选的碱,可以举出:氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、氢氧化锂。本反应在0℃~100℃下进行,优选为20~30℃。水解反应后,通过与所用的碱为等量或稍微过量的酸发生反应来进行中和。作为优选的酸,可以举出盐酸。中和反应可在0℃~100℃下进行,优选为0℃~30℃。
接着,向已中和的反应物中加入水(例如,化合物(A-7)的5倍量),搅拌1小时之后,滤取析出物并干燥,获得晶体。对溶剂量、水的添加量、搅拌条件、至滤取(濾別)为止的时间没有特别限定,但这些条件有时影响晶体的收率、化学纯度、粒径、粒度分布等,因此,优选根据目的来组合设定。滤取可以使用通常的方法,例如自然过滤、加压过滤、减压过滤、或离心分离。干燥可以使用通常的方法,例如自然干燥、减压干燥、加热干燥、减压加热干燥。上述反应的中间体化合物在合成过程中如果需要可以通过重结晶、再沉淀或各种色谱法等常规方法进行纯化。
本发明的晶体可以通过特征性粉末X射线衍射光谱或热重量测定/示差热分析(TG/DTA)进行区分,但其它晶形存在时,不涉及关于其混入率这一方面。单独获得特定的晶体时,只要至少通过这些测定方法无法检测到的程度的混入就是可允许的。另外,作为药物而将特定的晶体用作原料时,并不是不允许含有其它晶体。
本发明的晶体可用作药物的有效成分。另外,其它晶形存在时,不仅可以使用单独的晶体,也可以使用2种以上的混合物。
本发明中,通过获得2-[4-(2,2-二甲基丙氧基)-3-(1H-1,2,3,4-四唑-1-基)苯基]-4-甲基-1,3-噻唑-5-甲酸的晶体,与非晶相比,制备时的操作或重现性、稳定性以及保存稳定性等变得有利。
使用本发明的晶体和药物上可接受的载体能够制成药物组合物。
含有本发明的晶体的制剂可以使用通常用于制剂化的添加剂来调制。作为这些添加剂,在固形制剂的情况下,可以举出:乳糖、白糖、葡萄糖、玉米淀粉、马铃薯淀粉、结晶纤维素、轻质无水硅酸、合成硅酸铝、偏硅酸铝酸镁、和磷酸氢钙等赋形剂;结晶纤维素、羧甲基纤维素、羟丙基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素钠、和聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮等结合剂(粘合剂);淀粉、羧甲基纤维素钠、羧甲基纤维素钙、交联羧甲基纤维素钠、和羧甲基淀粉钠等崩解剂;滑石、和硬脂酸类等润滑剂;羟甲丙纤维素、羟丙甲纤维素邻苯二甲酸酯、和乙基纤维素等涂覆剂;着色剂,在半固体制剂的情况下,可以举出:白色凡士林等基剂,在液体制剂的情况下,可以举出:乙醇等溶剂;乙醇等溶解助剂;对羟基苯甲酸酯类等保存剂;葡萄糖等的等张剂;柠檬酸类等缓冲剂;L-抗坏血酸等抗氧化剂;EDTA等螯合剂;和聚山梨酯80等悬浮剂/乳化剂等。
本发明的晶体即使是固形制剂、半固形制剂、和液状制剂等的任意剂型、口服制剂和非口服制剂(注射剂、经皮剂、滴眼剂、栓剂、经鼻剂和吸入剂等)中的任意应用制剂也可以使用。
含有本发明的晶体作为有效成分的药物组合物可以用作黄嘌呤氧化酶抑制药;或者痛风、高尿酸血症、肿瘤溶解综合征、尿道结石、高血压、血脂异常、糖尿病、动脉硬化或心功能不全等心血管疾病、糖尿病性肾病等肾疾病、慢性阻塞性肺疾病等呼吸系统疾病、炎性肠病或自身免疫性疾病等黄嘌呤氧化酶参与的疾病的治疗药或预防药。在此,“预防”是指针对尚未患病或发病的个体将患病或发病防范于未然,“治疗”是指针对已经患病或发病的个体治愈、抑制或改善疾病、症状。
实施例
[测定方法]
本发明的晶体的粉末X射线衍射利用以下条件进行了测定。
装置:Bruker AXS制造的D8 DISCOVER With GADDS CS
射线源:Cu Ka;波长:1.541838(10-10m)、40kv-40mA、入射侧平板石墨单色器、准直管φ300μm、二维PSPC检测器、扫描3~40°。
本发明的晶体的热重量测定/示差热分析(TG/DTA)利用以下条件进行了测定。
装置:Rigaku制造的TG8120
升温速度:每分钟10℃、环境气体:氮气、样品锅:铝、对照:氧化铝、取样:1.0秒、测定温度范围:25~300℃
关于测定了1H NMR光谱(400MHz、DMSO-d6或CDCl3)的化合物,显示其化学位移(δ:ppm)和偶合常数(J:Hz)。下述简写分别表示以下的含义。
装置:JEOL制造的JMTC-400/54/SS
s=单峰、d=双峰、t=三重峰、q=四重峰、brs=宽单峰、m=多重峰。
[参考例1]
2-[4-(2,2-二甲基丙氧基)-3-(1H-1,2,3,4-四唑-1-基)苯基]-4-甲基-1,3-噻
唑-5-甲酸乙酯的制备
(1) 使1.06g新戊醇悬浮于40.0mL甲苯中,在氮环境下冷却至0℃之后,加入1.35g叔丁氧基钾,在0℃下搅拌了30分钟。其次,在0℃下加入2.20g的4-溴-1-氟-2-硝基苯之后,升温到室温为止,在室温下搅拌了2小时。向反应混合液中加入水,用乙酸乙酯进行了萃取。有机层用食盐水洗涤后,进行干燥、减压浓缩,获得了3.12g的4-溴-1-(2,2-二甲基丙氧基)-2-硝基苯。
(2) 向4.18g的4-溴-1-(2,2-二甲基丙氧基)-2-硝基苯中加入3.04g碳酸氢钾、63mg氯化钯(II)、297mg溴化铜(I),使其悬浮于45mL甲苯中。然后,加入2.97g的4-甲基-1,3-噻唑-5-甲酸乙酯、33μL异丁酸1和333μL二-叔丁基环己基膦,在氮环境下、120℃下加热了14小时。将反应混合液进行硅藻土过滤,去除不溶物,向滤液中加入水,用乙酸乙酯进行了萃取。将有机层用食盐水洗涤后,进行干燥、减压浓缩之后,利用常规方法进行纯化,获得了5.13g的2-[4-(2,2-二甲基丙氧基)-3-硝基苯基]-4-甲基-1,3-噻唑-5-甲酸乙酯。
(3) 使5.13gg的2-[4-(2,2-二甲基丙氧基)-3-硝基苯基]-4-甲基-1,3-噻唑-5-甲酸乙酯悬浮于50mL乙醇中,加入500mg钯/碳(10%wt)之后,在氢环境下、50℃下搅拌了20小时。过滤反应混合液,将滤液进行减压浓缩,由此获得了4.66g的2-[3-氨基-4-(2,2-二甲基丙氧基)苯基]-4-甲基-1,3-噻唑-5-甲酸乙酯。
(4) 使2.58g的2-[3-氨基-4-(2,2-二甲基丙氧基)苯基]-4-甲基-1,3-噻唑-5-甲酸乙酯悬浮于30mL乙酸中之后,加入962mg叠氮化钠、2.19g原甲酸三乙酯,在氮环境下、70℃下加热了2小时。冷却至室温为止之后向反应混合液中加入20mL水,利用常规方法进行纯化,获得了2.78g的2-[4-(2,2-二甲基丙氧基)-3-(1H-1,2,3,4-四唑-1-基)苯基]-4-甲基-1,3-噻唑-5-甲酸乙酯。
[实施例1]
2-[4-(2,2-二甲基丙氧基)-3-(1H-1,2,3,4-四唑-1-基)苯基]-4-甲基-1,3-噻
唑-5-甲酸的A晶的制备
将2.58g的2-[4-(2,2-二甲基丙氧基)-3-(1H-1,2,3,4-四唑-1-基)苯基]-4-甲基-1,3-噻唑-5-甲酸乙酯溶解于30.0L的四氢呋喃/甲醇=1/1的混合溶液中,加入6.50mL的2M氢氧化钠水溶液,在20~30℃下搅拌了3小时。在20~30℃下边搅拌边缓慢向反应混合液中加入6.50mL的2M盐酸,进一步缓慢加入了17.0mL水。将反应溶液在20~30℃下搅拌1小时之后,滤取了晶体。将所得晶体用7.0mL的甲醇/水=1/1的混合溶剂和7.0mL水进行了洗涤。将晶体在50℃下减压干燥,获得了2.25g的2-[4-(2,2-二甲基丙氧基)-3-(1H-1,2,3,4-四唑-1-基)苯基]-4-甲基-1,3-噻唑-5-甲酸的晶体。所得晶体的XRD示于图1。在衍射角2θ=7.2°、11.3°、15.9°、17.9°、20.8°、22.3°、23.1°、23.8°、24.3°、和28.6°处观测到了峰。另外,热重量测定/示差热分析(TG/DTA)中的放热峰为232℃。
[参考例2]
2-[4-(2,2-二甲基丙氧基)-3-(1H-1,2,3,4-四唑-1-基)苯基]-4-甲基-1,3-噻
唑-5-甲酸的制备
将307mg的2-[4-(2,2-二甲基丙氧基)-3-(1H-1,2,3,4-四唑-1-基)苯基]-4-甲基-1,3-噻唑-5-甲酸乙酯溶解于8.0mL的四氢呋喃/甲醇=1/1的混合溶液中,加入1.0mL的2M氢氧化钠水溶液,在室温下搅拌了3小时。向反应混合液中加入1.0mL的2M盐酸进行搅拌之后,加入6.0mL水,利用常规方法进行纯化,获得了244mg的2-[4-(2,2-二甲基丙氧基)-3-(1H-1,2,3,4-四唑-1-基)苯基]-4-甲基-1,3-噻唑-5-甲酸。
[参考例3]
黄嘌呤氧化酶抑制活性的测定
(1) 试验化合物的调制
将2-[4-(2,2-二甲基丙氧基)-3-(1H-1,2,3,4-四唑-1-基)苯基]-4-甲基-1,3-噻唑-5-甲酸溶解于DMSO(Sigma公司制造)中使达到20mM的浓度之后,使用时调制成目标浓度进行使用。
(2) 测定方法
2-[4-(2,2-二甲基丙氧基)-3-(1H-1,2,3,4-四唑-1-基)苯基]-4-甲基-1,3-噻唑-5-甲酸的黄嘌呤氧化酶抑制活性评价通过将文献记载的方法(Method EnzymaticAnalysis, 1, 521-522, 1974)部分改变来进行实施。本评价通过测定氧化酶型的黄嘌呤氧化还原酶活性来进行。即,将预先通过20mM氢氧化钠溶液调制成10mM的黄嘌呤(Sigma公司制造)溶液使用100mM磷酸缓冲液调制成30μM,以每孔75μL加入到96孔板中。将通过DMSO稀释使达到最终浓度的100倍的试验化合物以每孔1.5μL进行添加,混合后利用MicroplateReader(全自动定量绘图酶标仪) SPECTRA MAX Plus 384(Molecular Devices公司制造)测定了290nm的吸光度。接着,将氧化酶型黄嘌呤氧化还原酶(来自酪乳、Calbiochem公司制造)使用100mM磷酸缓冲液调制成30.6mU/mL,以每孔73.5μL进行了添加。混合后迅速测定了5分钟的290nm下的吸光度变化。将代替试验化合物溶液而添加DMSO时的酶活性作为100%,计算试验化合物的抑制率,使其与剂量应答曲线拟合,计算了对氧化酶型黄嘌呤氧化还原酶的50%抑制浓度。
2-[4-(2,2-二甲基丙氧基)-3-(1H-1,2,3,4-四唑-1-基)苯基]-4-甲基-1,3-噻唑-5-甲酸显示出:1.0nM≤IC50<5.0nM的黄嘌呤氧化酶抑制活性。
[参考例4]
血中尿酸降低作用(正常大鼠)
确认了2-[4-(2,2-二甲基丙氧基)-3-(1H-1,2,3,4-四唑-1-基)苯基]-4-甲基-1,3-噻唑-5-甲酸的血中尿酸降低作用。使用进食针(feeding needle)对8~9周龄的Sprague-Dawley系雄性大鼠(日本Charles River株式会社)强制给予了悬浮于0.5%甲基纤维素溶液中的试验化合物。给予后2小时,从尾静脉采血,之后分离了血浆。使用尿酸测定试剂盒(L型Wako UA·F:和光纯药工业),按照尿酸酶法,利用吸光度计测定血中尿酸值,通过下式求出了尿酸降低率。
尿酸降低率(%)=(对照动物的尿酸值-试验化合物给予动物的尿酸值)×100/对照动物的尿酸值
2-[4-(2,2-二甲基丙氧基)-3-(1H-1,2,3,4-四唑-1-基)苯基]-4-甲基-1,3-噻唑-5-甲酸在10mg/kg、1mg/kg的任一种用量下也显示出尿酸降低率为50%以上。
该结果显示出:2-[4-(2,2-二甲基丙氧基)-3-(1H-1,2,3,4-四唑-1-基)苯基]-4-甲基-1,3-噻唑-5-甲酸具有强力的血中尿酸降低效果。
[参考例5]
血中尿酸降低作用的持续性(正常大鼠)
将2-[4-(2,2-二甲基丙氧基)-3-(1H-1,2,3,4-四唑-1-基)苯基]-4-甲基-1,3-噻唑-5-甲酸利用与参考例4同样的方法给予Sprague-Dawley系雄性大鼠。给予后24小时从尾静脉采血,之后分离了血浆。使用尿酸测定试剂盒(L型Wako UA·F:和光纯药工业),按照尿酸酶法,利用吸光度计测定血中尿酸值,通过下式求出了尿酸降低率。
尿酸降低率(%)=(对照动物的尿酸值-试验化合物给予动物的尿酸值)×100/对照动物的尿酸值
2-[4-(2,2-二甲基丙氧基)-3-(1H-1,2,3,4-四唑-1-基)苯基]-4-甲基-1,3-噻唑-5-甲酸在给予后24小时,在10mg/kg的用量下显示出尿酸降低率为50%以上,在3mg/kg的用量下显示出尿酸降低率为40%以上。
该结果显示出:2-[4-(2,2-二甲基丙氧基)-3-(1H-1,2,3,4-四唑-1-基)苯基]-4-甲基-1,3-噻唑-5-甲酸具有长期、持续的血中尿酸降低效果。
[参考例6]
血中尿酸降低作用(比格犬)
对于2-[4-(2,2-二甲基丙氧基)-3-(1H-1,2,3,4-四唑-1-基)苯基]-4-甲基-1,3-噻唑-5-甲酸,确认了比格犬中的血中尿酸降低作用。对比格犬(北山labes)强制经口给予了悬浮于0.5%甲基纤维素溶液中的试验化合物。在给予后8小时,从桡侧皮静脉采血,之后分离了血浆。血中尿酸值使用LC-MS/MS法进行测定,通过下式求出了尿酸降低率。
尿酸降低率(%)=(对照动物的尿酸值-试验化合物给予动物的尿酸值)×100/对照动物的尿酸值
2-[4-(2,2-二甲基丙氧基)-3-(1H-1,2,3,4-四唑-1-基)苯基]-4-甲基-1,3-噻唑-5-甲酸在10mg/kg的用量下,给予后8小时,显示出尿酸降低率为80%以上。
该结果显示出:本发明的化合物对狗具有强力的血中尿酸降低效果
[参考例7]
组织和血浆中的黄嘌呤氧化酶抑制活性的持续性
对于本发明的“黄嘌呤氧化酶”,就本实施例而言,为了将氧化酶型的黄嘌呤氧化还原酶所担负的氧化反应催化活性、与氧化酶型和脱氢酶型两者的黄嘌呤氧化还原酶所担负的氧化反应催化活性进行区分,将前者称为“XO活性”,将后者称为“XOR活性”。对于“组织XO活性”、“血浆XO活性”、“组织XO抑制活性”、“组织XOR抑制活性”等,“XO活性”和“XOR活性”也具有相同的含义。“组织”包含肝脏、肾脏、脂肪组织、肠道、血管。需要说明的是,本试验中的相同样品的XOR活性抑制率和XO活性抑制率为相同程度的数值。
对于2-[4-(2,2-二甲基丙氧基)-3-(1H-1,2,3,4-四唑-1-基)苯基]-4-甲基-1,3-噻唑-5-甲酸,确认了组织XO活性、组织XOR活性和血浆XO活性。使用进食针(feedingneedle)对7~9周龄的Sprague-Dawley系雄性大鼠(日本Charles River株式会社)强制给予了悬浮于0.5%甲基纤维素溶液中的试验化合物。给予后24小时或27小时后,进行了从腹主动脉的采血和组织的取材。对所得的血液进行离心分离,采取了血浆。
使蝶呤通过各型的黄嘌呤氧化还原酶进行氧化,利用生成作为荧光物质的异黄蝶呤的反应测定了组织XO活性、组织XOR活性和血浆XO活性。将组织在包含1mM EDTA和蛋白酶抑制剂的pH7.4的磷酸钾溶液中进行均质化,使各组织浓度达到肝脏:25mg/mL、肾脏:25mg/mL、脂肪:5mg/mL、肠道:5mg/mL、血管:30mg/mL,在4℃、12000rpm下离心了15分钟。在XO活性测定时,将组织均浆的上清或血浆与包含50μM蝶呤的溶液混合,在37℃下进行了反应。在XOR活性测定时,将组织均浆的上清与包含50μM蝶呤和50μM亚甲蓝的溶液混合,在37℃下进行了反应。作为对照,使包含氧化酶型黄嘌呤氧化还原酶(来自酪乳、Calbiochem公司制造)和50μM蝶呤的溶液利用同样的方法进行了反应。测定所生成的异黄蝶呤的荧光强度,利用对照的酶活性和蛋白浓度进行校正,作为XO或XOR活性进行了计算。
XO抑制活性和XOR抑制活性利用下式求出。
XO抑制活性(%)=(对照动物的XO活性或XOR活性-试验化合物给予动物的XO活性或XOR活性)×100/对照动物的XO活性或XOR活性
将给予约27小时后的组织和血浆XO抑制活性示于下表。
[表1]
2-[4-(2,2-二甲基丙氧基)-3-(1H-1,2,3,4-四唑-1-基)苯基]-4-甲基-1,3-噻唑-5-甲酸在10mg/kg的用量下,将给予后27小时的肝脏的XO活性与对照动物进行比较,抑制了80%以上;将给予后27小时的肾脏的XO活性与对照动物进行比较,抑制了70%以上;将给予后27小时的血浆的XO活性与对照动物进行比较,抑制了40%以上。
2-[4-(2,2-二甲基丙氧基)-3-(1H-1,2,3,4-四唑-1-基)苯基]-4-甲基-1,3-噻唑-5-甲酸在1mg/kg的用量下,将给予后27小时的肝脏的XO活性与对照动物进行比较,抑制了80%以上;将给予后27小时的肾脏的XO活性与对照动物进行比较,抑制了60%以上;将给予后27小时的血浆的XO活性与对照动物进行比较,抑制了25%以上。
另外,将给予24小时后的组织XOR抑制活性示于下表。
[表2]
2-[4-(2,2-二甲基丙氧基)-3-(1H-1,2,3,4-四唑-1-基)苯基]-4-甲基-1,3-噻唑-5-甲酸在10mg/kg的用量下,将给予后24小时的肝脏的XOR活性与对照动物进行比较,抑制了80%以上;将给予后24小时的血管的XOR活性与对照动物进行比较,抑制了50%以上。
另外,在1mg/kg的用量下,将给予后24小时的肝脏的XOR活性与对照动物进行比较,抑制了80%以上;将给予后24小时的血管的XOR活性与对照动物进行比较,抑制了30%以上。
以上的结果显示出:本发明的化合物在各组织中具有长期、持续的XO活性、XOR活性抑制作用。
产业实用性
本发明的2-[4-(2,2-二甲基丙氧基)-3-(1H-1,2,3,4-四唑-1-基)苯基]-4-甲基-1,3-噻唑-5-甲酸的晶体可用作医药品。并且,该晶体可用作医药品制备用原料。
Claims (6)
1.2-[4-(2,2-二甲基丙氧基)-3-(1H-1,2,3,4-四唑-1-基)苯基]-4-甲基-1,3-噻唑-5-甲酸的A晶,其中,粉末X射线衍射光谱中,在衍射角2θ±0.5°=7.2°、11.3°、15.9°、17.9°、20.8°、22.3°、23.1°、23.8°、24.3°、和28.6°处具有特征性峰。
2.2-[4-(2,2-二甲基丙氧基)-3-(1H-1,2,3,4-四唑-1-基)苯基]-4-甲基-1,3-噻唑-5-甲酸的A晶,其中,粉末X射线衍射光谱具有图1所示的图案。
3.权利要求1或2所述的2-[4-(2,2-二甲基丙氧基)-3-(1H-1,2,3,4-四唑-1-基)苯基]-4-甲基-1,3-噻唑-5-甲酸的A晶,其中,热重量测定/示差热分析中的放热峰为232℃±5℃。
4.药物组合物,该药物组合物包含权利要求1~3中任一项所述的晶体和制药学上可接受的载体。
5.黄嘌呤氧化酶抑制药,该黄嘌呤氧化酶抑制药含有权利要求1~3中任一项所述的晶体作为有效成分。
6.选自痛风、高尿酸血症、肿瘤溶解综合征、尿道结石、高血压、血脂异常、糖尿病、心血管疾病、肾疾病、呼吸系统疾病、炎性肠病和自身免疫性疾病的一种以上疾病的治疗药或预防药,该治疗药或预防药含有权利要求1~3中任一项所述的晶体作为有效成分。
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EP0513379A1 (en) * | 1990-11-30 | 1992-11-19 | Teijin Limited | 2-arylthiazole derivative and pharmaceutical composition containing the same |
CN101679244A (zh) * | 2007-04-11 | 2010-03-24 | 橘生药品工业株式会社 | 5元杂环衍生物及其医药用途 |
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