CN106508546A - Fertilizing method for rejuvenation after regulation on temperature increment blossom promotion of Chinese cherry apple - Google Patents

Fertilizing method for rejuvenation after regulation on temperature increment blossom promotion of Chinese cherry apple Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106508546A
CN106508546A CN201610847232.XA CN201610847232A CN106508546A CN 106508546 A CN106508546 A CN 106508546A CN 201610847232 A CN201610847232 A CN 201610847232A CN 106508546 A CN106508546 A CN 106508546A
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malus spectabilis
fertilizer
strains
fertilizing method
rejuvenation
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CN106508546B (en
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谢寅峰
马迎莉
步行
孙鑫
王涛
谷慧
王晓容
张往祥
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Nanjing Forestry University
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G17/00Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
    • A01G17/005Cultivation methods
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01CPLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C21/00Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a fertilizing method for rejuvenation after regulation on temperature increment blossom promotion of Chinese cherry apple. The fertilizing method comprises the steps of 1, choosing and taking the Chinese cherry apple which grow evenly and vigorously into a glass greenhouse, conducting temperature increment treatment on the Chinese cherry apple in the glass greenhouse from mid-December to next February, and controlling the temperature of the glass greenhouse at 11-30 DEG C; 2, conduct composite fertilizer treatment of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium on the Chinese cherry apple in next early-April, and adopting a circulating application method to apply the fertilizer, wherein the applied nitrogen fertilizer is urea of which the nitrogen element content accounts for 46% and the applied amount of the urea is 0.4-1.2 g/plant, the applied phosphate fertilizer is calcium superphosphate of which the P2O5 content accounts for 15% and the applied amount of the P2O5 is 0.1-0.3 g/plant, the applied potash fertilizer is potassium chloride of which the K2O content accounts for 63% and the applied amount of the K2O is 0.2-0.6 g/plant; 3, removing weeds in the pot in time, conducting prevention and treatment on aphids, and guaranteeing normal growth of the Chinese cherry apple; watering permeably once in next mid-April, then watering with an appropriate amount, and keeping the pot soil humid. The fertilizing method for the rejuvenation after the regulation on the temperature increment blossom promotion of Chinese cherry apple has the advantages of being low in cost, simple in treatment method and the like.

Description

A kind of Malus spectabilis heats the fertilizing method for promoting rejuvenation after flower regulates and controls
Technical field
The present invention relates to plant promotees flower control technique field, more particularly to a kind of Malus spectabilis heats applying for rejuvenation after promoting flower regulation and control Fertile method.
Background technology
Malus spectabilis ' long-lived hat ' also known as ruby, are rosaceae chaenomeles plants, belong to the fancy breed of proud big chaenomeles lagenaria One of.Its florescence is 3~April, and flower is multiple lobe, Hua great, peony, spends many and close, bud hang down like red lantern, when in full bloom, Rich multicoloured decoration, it is extremely gorgeous, with high ornamental values and the economic values.Leaf is tiny, and tree-shaped is graceful, resistance to pruning, it is easy to into Type, is preferable tree material that is potted plant and making potted landscape, with high ornamental values and the economic values.
In recent years, with the improvement of people's living standards, application of the blossom-control technics technology in flower culture is more and more wider It is general.Advance flowering period is made due to heating rush flower, flowering of plant is supplied so as to consume substantial amounts of nutrient, therefore is caused in Hua Houhui The situation of plant nutrient stress.Plant is chronically under nutrient stress and can have a strong impact on its speed of growth and yield, causes blade The short and small intensely dark pool of size, leaf color, plant forms, structure and various nutritional deficiency symptoms different in appearance, such as blade, plant Short and small, root system development is limited and aging in advance etc., so as to cause the significant wastage of ornamental plants resources.Therefore, to ' long-lived hat ' Carry out rejuvenation, the technical research of raising flower characteristic to be particularly important.
The content of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide the simple Malus spectabilis of a kind of low cost, processing method and heats rush flower regulation and control Using the method, the fertilizing method of rejuvenation, can solve the problems, such as that heating rush spends rear physiological decline afterwards.
In order to solve above-mentioned technical problem, the invention provides a kind of Malus spectabilis heats the fertilising side for promoting rejuvenation after flower regulates and controls Method, comprises the steps:
(1) choose that growing way is consistent, eugonic Malus spectabilis is placed in glasshouse, in 2 months mid-December~next year in glass Malus spectabilis is carried out heating process in glass greenhouse, the temperature of glasshouse is controlled at 11 DEG C~30 DEG C;
(2) in carrying out the compound fertilizer treatment of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium at the beginning of 4 months next year to Malus spectabilis once, the method applied using ring is to Malus spectabilis Applied fertilizer;Institute's nitrogen fertilizer application is by urea that nitrogen element content is 46% and to apply the amount of urea be 0.4~1.2g/ strains, applied phosphorus Fertilizer is P2O5Content by 15% calcium superphosphate and apply P2O5Amount be 0.1~0.3g/ strains, institute's potassium application be K2O content is 63% potassium chloride and applied K2The amount of O is 0.2~0.6g/ strains;
(3) weeds in basin are removed in time, it is anti-to eliminate aphis, it is ensured that Malus spectabilis normal growth;Mid-April in next year pours once saturating Water, is watered thereafter in right amount, keeps basin soil moistening.
Further, in step (1), Malus spectabilis kind is 5 years raw grafting longevity hats.
Further, in step (1), the mean temperature of glasshouse is 18 DEG C~19 DEG C.
Further, in step (2) to Malus spectabilis Fertilizer Combinations be urea 1.2g/ strains, phosphorus pentoxide 0.2g/ strains, Potassium oxide 0.2g/ strains.
Further, in step (3), aphid is prevented using 10% imidacloprid wettable powder, 1500 times of liquid sprayings Control, to spray the time be April to May, continues with 10% imidacloprid wettable powder, 1500 times of liquid spraying preventing and treating 2~3 times, every time Spraying preventing and treating interval 6~7 days.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effect reached by the present invention:
(1) in the present invention at the beginning of 4 months next year to the compound fertilizer treatment of Malus spectabilis once, Fertilizer Combinations be urea 1.2g/ strains, five Aoxidize two phosphorus 0.2g/ strains, potassium oxide 0.2g/ strains;What the Malus spectabilis single-strain blade number that fertilizer treatment is crossed significantly more than was not processed The single-strain blade number of Malus spectabilis, leaf area June, July, August respectively than do not have apply fertilizer Malus spectabilis leaf area increase by 11.94%, 12.1%th, 9.51%, Malus spectabilis specific leaf weight of the Malus spectabilis specific leaf weight that fertilizer treatment is crossed in June, July, August respectively than not having to apply fertilizer increases Plus 2.93%, 2.87%, 2.37%, the chlorophyllous relative amount of the Malus spectabilis that fertilizer treatment is crossed compares respectively in June, July, August Do not have the Malus spectabilis applied fertilizer to increase by 14.56%, 7.26%, 9.18%, the Net Photosynthetic Rate month ratio of the Malus spectabilis that fertilizer treatment is crossed The Net Photosynthetic Rate month for not having the Malus spectabilis applied fertilizer increases by 21.58%, and the mineral element of the Malus spectabilis of fertilizer treatment is significantly high In the Malus spectabilis for not having fertilizer treatment;To the compound fertilizer treatment of Malus spectabilis in the present invention, solve Malus spectabilis and heat rush and spend rear physiological decline Problem, improves plant Net Photosynthetic Rate, is conducive to the accumulation of nutriment and mineral element so that rush spends rear Malus spectabilis to grow more Plus it is vigorous.
(2) in the present invention centered on Malus spectabilis plant, at root number centimeter, applied fertilizer with ring style, can be rested Divide and concentrate on Malus spectabilis root, it is ensured that Malus spectabilis also improves utilization rate of fertilizer while fully absorbing nutrient.
(3) fertilising is combined in the present invention for urea 1.2g/ strains, phosphorus pentoxide 0.2g/ strains, potassium oxide 0.2g/ strains, not only Malus spectabilis physiological decline is solved the problems, such as, Malus spectabilis single-strain blade number, leaf area, specific leaf weight and chlorophyll is also effectively increased relative Content, improves plant Net Photosynthetic Rate, is conducive to the accumulation of nutriment and mineral element.
(4) weeds in basin will be removed in the present invention in time, 10% imidacloprid wettable powder, 1500 times of liquid are additionally used Spraying and compound fertilizer treatment, so not only ensure that Malus spectabilis has enough growing spaces, has also reached diseases and insect pests resistance.
In sum, the present invention not only solves the Malus spectabilis physiological decline problem for promoting that flower is caused that heats, and has cost It is low, the advantages of processing method is simple, to realizing the rejuvenation of Malus spectabilis, is prevented effectively from the waste of Malus spectabilis Flower Resources, promotes Malus spectabilis Industrialization process and to expand its application in gardens significant.
Description of the drawings
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with the drawings and the specific embodiments.
Fig. 1 is the bar chart that different fertilization is affected on ' long-lived hat ' single-strain blade number;
Fig. 2 is the bar chart that different fertilization is affected on ' long-lived hat ' leaf area;
Fig. 3 is the bar chart that different fertilization is affected on ' long-lived hat ' specific leaf weight;
Fig. 4 is the bar chart that different fertilization is affected on ' long-lived hat ' chlorophyll relative content
Fig. 5 is the bar chart that different fertilization is affected on ' long-lived hat ' Net Photosynthetic Rate.
Specific embodiment
Following examples are merely to illustrate the present invention, but are not limited to the scope of the present invention.
Experiment and result
1 materials and methods
1.1 test materials and experimental field overview
This test is with potted plant Malus spectabilis -- and it is long-lived to be preced with as material, in November, 2014 in August, 2015 in Nanjing Forestry University Lower another name for Sichuan Province practice forest farm is carried out, and experimental field positioned at 31 ° 59 ' of north latitude, 119 ° of east longitude, belongs to north subtropical monsoon climate, average annual temperature 15.2 DEG C, average annual rainfall be 1104mm, annual sunshine time 2018 hours, 229 days annual average frost-free periods.Soil is yellowish soil, Soil property attaches most importance to earth to loamy texture.Topsoil (0~20cm) soil contains full P 0.704g kg-1, crack N 78.63g kg-1, full P 0.146g·kg-1, effective P 12.5mg/kg, active potassic 39.7g kg-1, organic matter 103.7mg/kg, PH 4.5~5.5.
1.2 heat process
Selection growing way is consistent, eugonic Malus spectabilis, starts to heat place in 2 months mid-December-next year in glasshouse Reason, control greenhouse temperature at 11~30 DEG C, 18~19 DEG C of mean temperature.
1.3 fertilizer treatment
In the compound fertilizer treatment of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium is carried out at the beginning of 4 months, nitrogen, phosphorus, 3 level of potassium and 4 factor of empty row, different fertilizer are set Orthogonal test method L is pressed in proportioning process9(34) design, concrete table 1 and 2, per group of each 6 basin, with do not apply fertilizer (CK) as a control group, Applied fertilizer using the method that ring is applied.
14 factor of table, 3 level
2 soil fertility quality concentration of table is designed
2 results and analysis
Impact of 2.1 different disposals to single-strain blade number
From fig. 1, it can be seen that downward trend is presented from June to the single-strain blade number of August part each group ' long-lived hat '.At fertilising The single-strain blade number of the Malus spectabilis that the single-strain blade number of the Malus spectabilis managed significantly more than was not processed, wherein the 8th group treatment effect It is best.
Impact of 2.2 different disposals to leaf area
As can be seen from Figure 2, ascendant trend is presented from June to the leaf area of August part each group ' long-lived hat '.What fertilizer treatment was crossed The leaf area of Malus spectabilis is above the Malus spectabilis leaf area for not having fertilizer treatment to cross, wherein the 8th group treatment effect preferably, June, July, 8 The moon increases by 11.94%, 12.1%, 9.51% than control respectively.
Impact of 2.3 different disposals to specific leaf weight
As can be seen from Figure 3, downward trend is presented from June to the specific leaf weight of August part each group ' long-lived hat '.Fertilizer treatment mistake The specific leaf weight of Malus spectabilis be above the Malus spectabilis for not having fertilizer treatment, wherein the 8th group treatment effect preferably, June, July, August difference Increase by 2.93%, 2.87%, 2.37% than control.
Impact of 2.4 different disposals to leaf chlorophyll relative amount
As can be seen from Figure 4, downward trend is presented from June to the chlorophyll relative content of August part each group ' long-lived hat '.Apply The Malus spectabilis chlorophyll relative content that fertilizer was processed is above the Malus spectabilis for not having fertilizer treatment, and wherein the 8th group treatment effect is best, and 6 The moon, July, August increase by 14.56%, 7.26%, 9.18% than control respectively.
Impact of 2.5 different disposals to Net Photosynthetic Rate
As can be seen from Figure 5, there is different degrees of decline from June to the Net Photosynthetic Rate of August part each group ' long-lived hat '.Apply The Net Photosynthetic Rate of the Malus spectabilis that fertilizer was processed has a certain degree of lifting, wherein the 8th group most pronounced effects, the Net Photosynthetic Rate moon Average ratio does not have the Malus spectabilis that fertilizer treatment is crossed to increase by 21.58%.Show that appropriate composite fertilizer is processed and can significantly improve Malus spectabilis leaf Piece Net Photosynthetic Rate.
Impact of 2.6 different disposals to Mineral Elements Content
Branch Mineral Elements Content (mg/g) after 3 Growing season of table
Note:Same column difference lowercase letter indication difference significantly (p<0.05).
4 Growing season rear blade Mineral Elements Content (mg/g) of table
Note:Same column difference lowercase letter indication difference significantly (p<0.05).
As shown in Table 3 and Table 4, through different fertilization ' long-lived hat ' after Growing season terminates in branch and blade Phosphorus, potassium, iron, calcium, copper coin cellulose content are all remarkably higher than control group (p < 0.05).
Embodiment 1
A kind of Malus spectabilis heats the fertilizing method for promoting rejuvenation after flower regulates and controls, and comprises the steps:
(1) choose that growing way is consistent, eugonic 5 years long-lived being preced with of raw grafting are placed in glasshouse, in mid-December- 2 months next year in glasshouse carried out heating process to Malus spectabilis, controlled the temperature of glasshouse at 18 DEG C;
(2) in the compound fertilizer treatment of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium is carried out at the beginning of 4 months next year to Malus spectabilis, it is urea 1.2g/ to be combined fertilizer treatment Strain, phosphorus pentoxide 0.2g/ strains, potassium oxide 0.2g/ strains, and the method applied using ring are applied fertilizer;
(3) weeds in basin are removed in time, are eliminated aphis using 10% imidacloprid wettable powder, 1500 times of liquid sprayings are anti-, are sprayed To apply the time be April to May, continuous spraying preventing and treating 2 times, every time preventing and treating interval 7 days, it is ensured that Malus spectabilis normal growth;Mid-April in next year Pour once permeable, water in right amount thereafter, keep basin soil moistening.
Embodiment 2
(1) choose that growing way is consistent, eugonic 5 years long-lived being preced with of raw grafting are placed in glasshouse, in mid-December- 2 months next year in glasshouse carried out heating process to Malus spectabilis, controlled the temperature of glasshouse at 19 DEG C;
(2) in the compound fertilizer treatment of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium is carried out at the beginning of 4 months next year to Malus spectabilis, it is urea 1.2g/ to be combined fertilizer treatment Strain, phosphorus pentoxide 0.3g/ strains, potassium oxide 0.4g/ strains, and the method applied using ring are applied fertilizer;
(3) weeds in basin are removed in time, are eliminated aphis using 10% imidacloprid wettable powder, 1500 times of liquid sprayings are anti-, are sprayed To apply the time be April to May, continuous spraying preventing and treating 3 times, every time preventing and treating interval 10 days, it is ensured that Malus spectabilis normal growth;In 4 months next year Pour once permeable ten days, water in right amount thereafter, keep basin soil moistening.
Embodiment 3
(1) choose that growing way is consistent, eugonic 5 years long-lived being preced with of raw grafting are placed in glasshouse, in mid-December- 2 months next year in glasshouse carried out heating process to Malus spectabilis, controlled the temperature of glasshouse at 25 DEG C;
(2) in the compound fertilizer treatment of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium is carried out at the beginning of 4 months next year to Malus spectabilis, it is urea 0.8g/ to be combined fertilizer treatment Strain, phosphorus pentoxide 0.2g/ strains, potassium oxide 0.6g/ strains, and the method applied using ring are applied fertilizer;
(3) weeds in basin are removed in time, are eliminated aphis using 10% imidacloprid wettable powder, 1500 times of liquid sprayings are anti-, are sprayed To apply the time be April to May, continuous spraying preventing and treating 3 times, every time preventing and treating interval 10 days, it is ensured that Malus spectabilis normal growth;In 4 months next year Pour once permeable ten days, water in right amount thereafter, keep basin soil moistening.
Based on above-mentioned, the present invention is being heated after rush spends, is applying nitrogen by ring with the long-lived hat of excellent admiring fruit tree kind as material Phosphorus potassium complex fertilizer, is effectively increased Malus spectabilis single-strain blade number, leaf area, specific leaf weight and chlorophyll relative content, it is noted that plant Strain Net Photosynthetic Rate, is conducive to the accumulation of nutriment and mineral element, solves the problems, such as that heating rush spends rear physiological decline, and optimum Fertilizer Combinations are the 8th treatment group, i.e. urea 1.2g/ strains, phosphorus pentoxide 0.2g/ strains, potassium oxide 0.2g/ strains.And this is compound Fertilizer has the advantages that low cost, processing method are easy, to realizing the rejuvenation of Malus spectabilis, is prevented effectively from the waste of Malus spectabilis Flower Resources, Promote the industrialization process of Malus spectabilis and to expand its application in gardens significant.
Those of ordinary skill in the art it should be appreciated that the embodiment of the above be intended merely to explanation the present invention, And be not used as limitation of the invention, as long as in the spirit of the present invention, the change to embodiment described above Change, modification will all fall in scope of the presently claimed invention.

Claims (5)

1. a kind of Malus spectabilis heats the fertilizing method for promoting rejuvenation after flower regulates and controls, it is characterised in that:Comprise the steps:
(1) choose that growing way is consistent, eugonic Malus spectabilis is placed in glasshouse, in 2 months mid-December~next year in glass temperature Malus spectabilis is carried out heating process in room, the temperature of glasshouse is controlled at 11 DEG C~30 DEG C;
(2) in the compound fertilizer treatment of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium is carried out at the beginning of 4 months next year to Malus spectabilis once, Malus spectabilis is carried out using the method that ring is applied Fertilising;Institute's nitrogen fertilizer application is by urea that nitrogen element content is 46% and to apply the amount of urea be 0.4~1.2g/ strains, and applied phosphate fertilizer is P2O5Content by 15% calcium superphosphate and apply P2O5Amount be 0.1~0.3g/ strains, institute's potassium application be K2O content is 63% Potassium chloride and applied K2The amount of O is 0.2~0.6g/ strains;
(3) weeds in basin are removed in time, it is anti-to eliminate aphis, it is ensured that Malus spectabilis normal growth;Pour once permeable mid-April in next year, its Water in right amount afterwards, keep basin soil moistening.
2. a kind of Malus spectabilis according to claim 1 heats the fertilizing method for promoting rejuvenation after flower regulates and controls, it is characterised in that:It is described In step (1), Malus spectabilis kind is 5 years raw grafting longevity hats.
3. a kind of Malus spectabilis according to claim 1 heats the fertilizing method for promoting rejuvenation after flower regulates and controls, it is characterised in that:It is described In step (1), the mean temperature of glasshouse is 18 DEG C~19 DEG C.
4. a kind of Malus spectabilis according to claim 1 heats the fertilizing method for promoting rejuvenation after flower regulates and controls, it is characterised in that:It is described In step (2) to Malus spectabilis Fertilizer Combinations be urea 1.2g/ strains, phosphorus pentoxide 0.2g/ strains, potassium oxide 0.2g/ strains.
5. a kind of Malus spectabilis according to claim 1 heats the fertilizing method for promoting rejuvenation after flower regulates and controls, it is characterised in that:It is described In step (3), aphid is prevented and treated using the spraying of 10% imidacloprid wettable powder, 1500 times of liquid, and to spray the time be April to May, The liquid spraying preventing and treating 2~3 times of 1500 times of 10% imidacloprid wettable powder is continued with, every time spraying preventing and treating interval 6~7 days.
CN201610847232.XA 2016-09-26 2016-09-26 Fertilizing method for rejuvenation of crabapple after temperature-increasing and flower-promoting regulation Active CN106508546B (en)

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