CN106498373A - 一种纳米粒子包覆材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种纳米粒子包覆材料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种纳米粒子包覆材料及其制备方法，所述制备方法包括：以交联高分子树脂材料或者纤维材料为基底材料，以金属化合物的水溶液浸湿所述基底材料，然后在基底材料表面，均匀喷淋与所述金属化合物相对应的还原剂或沉淀剂的水溶液后；用电热器压在基底材料表面加热制备得到纳米粒子包覆材料。本发明所述制备方法，制备条件简单，有利于大规模快速制备纳米粒子包覆材料。采用所述制备方法制备的纳米粒子包覆材料，其上的纳米粒子粒径均匀，反复冲洗不易脱落，能耐高浓度的盐溶液和有机溶液；同时，由于没有另外引入保护剂或修饰基团，反应成分简单，节省原材料，也更有利于后续的进一步加工。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及包覆材料领域，尤其涉及一种纳米粒子包覆材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
现有技术中，在制备纳米粒子时，首先在干净无杂质的条件下加热半小时以上合成出纳米粒子，然后引入其他化学物质对纳米粒子进行保护后，再与固定基底结合，或者，在合成粒子后先修饰固定基底，再与纳米粒子结合。但是现有的这些方法都耗时较长，制备条件较苛刻，引入了其他物质使反应成分复杂，并且由于无法将溶液中的粒子吸收完全，容易造成原料的浪费。
因此，现有技术还有待于改进和发展。
发明内容
鉴于上述现有技术的不足，本发明的目的在于提供一种纳米粒子包覆材料及其制备方法，从而解决现有技术中在制备纳米粒子包覆材料时，耗时较长，制备条件较苛刻，反应成分复杂，容易造成原料浪费的问题。
本发明的技术方案如下：
一种纳米粒子包覆材料的制备方法，包括步骤：
A、以交联高分子树脂材料或者纤维材料为基底材料，以质量百分比为0.1%-10%的金属化合物的水溶液浸湿所述基底材料，得到吸附金属化合物溶液的基底材料；
B、在步骤A得到的吸附金属化合物溶液的基底材料表面，均匀喷淋与所述金属化合物相对应的还原剂或沉淀剂的水溶液后；用电热器压在基底材料表面，100-150℃下加热1-10s，在基底材料表面生成金属单质纳米粒子或金属氧化物纳米粒子，从而得到纳米粒子包覆材料。
所述的纳米粒子包覆材料的制备方法，其中，所述步骤A中，所述交联高分子树脂材料包括三聚氰胺海绵、聚二甲基硅氧烷海绵、聚醋酸纤维。
所述的纳米粒子包覆材料的制备方法，其中，所述步骤A中，所述纤维材料包括纸质材料、纺织品。
所述的纳米粒子包覆材料的制备方法，其中，所述步骤A中，所述金属化合物包括氯金酸、氯铂酸、硝酸银、氯化铜、氯化铁、氯化亚铁。
所述的纳米粒子包覆材料的制备方法，其中，所述步骤B中，所述还原剂和所述沉淀剂的浓度为1-200g/L。
所述的纳米粒子包覆材料的制备方法，其中，所述步骤B中，所述还原剂包括柠檬酸钠、抗坏血酸钠、硼氢化钠。
所述的纳米粒子包覆材料的制备方法，其中，所述步骤B中，所述沉淀剂包括氢氧化钠。
一种纳米粒子包覆材料，所述纳米粒子包覆材料采用以上任一所述的纳米粒子包覆材料的制备方法制备而成。
有益效果：本发明提供了一种纳米粒子包覆材料及其制备方法，所述制备方法，先以金属化合物的水溶液浸湿基底材料，再在基底材料表面喷淋还原剂或沉淀剂，最后通过简单的热压加热，即能快速生成纳米粒子，制备条件简单，有利于大规模快速制备纳米粒子包覆材料。采用本发明所述制备方法制备的纳米粒子包覆材料，其上的纳米粒子粒径均匀，反复冲洗不易脱落，能耐高浓度的盐溶液和有机溶液；同时，由于没有另外引入保护剂或修饰基团，反应成分简单，节省原材料，也更有利于后续的进一步加工。
具体实施方式
本发明提供一种纳米粒子包覆材料及其制备方法，为使本发明的目的、技术方案及效果更加清楚、明确，以下对本发明进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。
本发明提供一种纳米粒子包覆材料的制备方法，其包括步骤：
S100、以交联高分子树脂材料或者纤维材料为基底材料，以质量百分比为0.1%-10%的金属化合物的水溶液浸湿所述基底材料，得到吸附金属化合物溶液的基底材料；
S200、在步骤S100得到的吸附金属化合物溶液的基底材料表面，均匀喷淋与所述金属化合物相对应的还原剂或沉淀剂的水溶液后；用电热器压在基底材料表面，100-150℃下加热1-10s，在基底材料表面生成金属单质纳米粒子或金属氧化物纳米粒子，从而得到纳米粒子包覆材料。
优选地，所述步骤S100中，所述交联高分子树脂材料包括三聚氰胺海绵、聚二甲基硅氧烷海绵、聚醋酸纤维。
优选地，所述步骤S100中，所述纤维材料包括纸质材料、纺织品。其中，纸质材料如滤纸、打印纸、卫生纸、硫酸纸等，纺织品如毛巾等。
优选地，所述步骤S100中，所述金属化合物包括氯金酸、氯铂酸、硝酸银、氯化铜、氯化铁、氯化亚铁。
本发明实施例中，可以将分析纯的金属化合物溶解在超纯水中配制成质量百分比为0.1%-10%的金属化合物溶液。例如配制成质量百分比为0.1%、1%、5%或10%的金属化合物溶液。
优选地，所述步骤S200中，所述还原剂和所述沉淀剂的浓度为1-200g/L。例如1 g/L、10g/L、30g/L、100g/L或200g/L。
优选地，所述步骤S200中，所述还原剂包括柠檬酸钠、抗坏血酸钠、硼氢化钠。
优选地，所述步骤S200中，所述沉淀剂包括氢氧化钠。
本发明实施例中，可以将分析纯的还原剂或沉淀剂溶解在超纯水中配制成浓度为1-200g/L的还原剂或沉淀剂水溶液。
优选地，所述电热器选用电熨斗，用电熨斗压在浸湿的基底材料表面，100-150℃下加热，在基底材料表面生成金属单质纳米粒子或金属氧化物纳米粒子的同时，基底材料吸附的水分也被蒸发出来。
在具体实施时，可以选用柠檬酸钠作氯金酸的还原剂，还原生成金单质纳米粒子（纳米金粒子），优选柠檬酸钠的浓度为30g/L，此时还原剂的利用率较高；可以用柠檬酸钠和/或抗坏血酸钠作氯铂酸的还原剂，还原生成铂单质纳米粒子（纳米铂粒子），优选柠檬酸钠的浓度为30g/L，抗坏血酸钠的浓度为20g/L；可以选用抗坏血酸钠作为硝酸银的还原剂，还原生成银单质纳米粒子（纳米银粒子），优选抗坏血酸钠的浓度为20g/L；可以选用硼氢化钠作为氯化铜的还原剂，还原生成铜单质纳米粒子（纳米铜粒子），优选硼氢化钠的浓度为10g/L；可以选用氢氧化钠作为氯化铁和氯化亚铁的沉淀剂，沉淀后分解生成氧化铁纳米粒子（纳米氧化铁粒子），优选氢氧化钠的浓度为30g/L。
本发明纳米粒子包覆材料的制备方法，先以金属化合物的水溶液浸湿基底材料，再在基底材料表面喷淋还原剂或沉淀剂，最后通过简单的热压加热，即能快速生成纳米粒子，制备条件简单，有利于大规模快速制备纳米粒子包覆材料，在光热、催化、导电等应用领域能够发挥重要作用；而且，本发明制备方法，通过多次热压，可方便调控纳米粒子的密度，及不同纳米粒子位于的层数，从而合成复合纳米粒子的纤维和多孔高分子材料。
具体来说，本发明所述纳米粒子包覆材料的制备方法，具有以下优点：1、不需要保护剂，得到纯净的纳米粒子，有利于得到最好的纳米粒子的性质；2、不需要修饰基底，直接结合到基底上，减少复杂的步骤和引入杂质；3、快速，十几秒就能完成合成，而合成纳米粒子修饰需要很长时间；4、简便，不需要过多的等待，利于大量快速生产。
基于上述方法，本发明还提供一种纳米粒子包覆材料，所述纳米粒子包覆材料采用以上任一所述的纳米粒子包覆材料的制备方法制备而成。采用本发明所述制备方法制备的纳米粒子包覆材料，其上的纳米粒子粒径均匀，反复冲洗不易脱落，能耐高浓度的盐溶液和有机溶液；同时，由于没有另外引入保护剂或修饰基团，反应成分简单，节省原材料，也更有利于后续的进一步加工。
下面以具体实施例对本发明做详细说明：
实施例1：
以滤纸为基底材料，以质量百分比为1%的氯金酸水溶液浸湿滤纸，得到吸附氯金酸水溶液的滤纸；然后，在吸附氯金酸水溶液的滤纸的表面，均匀喷淋浓度为30g/L的柠檬酸钠后；用电熨斗压在滤纸的表面，150℃下加热1s，在滤纸的表面生成纳米金粒子，从而得到纳米粒子包覆材料。
经检测发现，本实施例制备的纳米粒子包覆材料，其表面的纳米金粒子的粒径为50-60nm，粒径较均匀，反复冲洗不易脱落，且能耐高浓度的盐溶液和有机溶液。
实施例2：
以毛巾为基底材料，以质量百分比为5%的氯铂酸水溶液浸湿毛巾，得到吸附氯铂酸水溶液的毛巾；然后，在吸附氯铂酸水溶液的毛巾的表面，均匀喷淋浓度为30g/L的柠檬酸钠和20g/L的抗坏血酸钠后；用电熨斗压在毛巾的表面，100℃下加热5s，在毛巾的表面生成纳米铂粒子，从而得到纳米粒子包覆材料。
经检测发现，本实施例制备的纳米粒子包覆材料，其表面的纳米铂粒子的粒径为40-50nm，粒径较均匀，反复冲洗不易脱落，且能耐高浓度的盐溶液和有机溶液。
实施例3：
以三聚氰胺海绵为基底材料，以质量百分比为10%的硝酸银水溶液浸湿三聚氰胺海绵，得到吸附硝酸银水溶液的三聚氰胺海绵；然后，在吸附硝酸银水溶液的三聚氰胺海绵的表面，均匀喷淋浓度为20g/L的抗坏血酸钠后；用电熨斗压在三聚氰胺海绵的表面，134℃下加热5s，在三聚氰胺海绵的表面生成纳米银粒子，从而得到纳米粒子包覆材料。
经检测发现，本实施例制备的纳米粒子包覆材料，其表面的纳米银粒子的粒径为60-70nm，粒径较均匀，反复冲洗不易脱落，且能耐高浓度的盐溶液和有机溶液。
实施例4：
以硫酸纸为基底材料，以质量百分比为1%的氯化铜水溶液浸湿硫酸纸，得到吸附氯化铜水溶液的硫酸纸；然后，在吸附氯化铜水溶液的硫酸纸的表面，均匀喷淋浓度为10g/L的硼氢化钠后；用电熨斗压在硫酸纸的表面，120℃下加热3s，在硫酸纸的表面生成纳米铜粒子，从而得到纳米粒子包覆材料。
经检测发现，本实施例制备的纳米粒子包覆材料，其表面的纳米铜粒子的粒径为20-30nm，粒径较均匀，反复冲洗不易脱落，且能耐高浓度的盐溶液和有机溶液。
实施例5：
以硫酸纸为基底材料，以质量百分比为5%的氯化铁水溶液浸湿硫酸纸，得到吸附氯化铁水溶液的硫酸纸；然后，在吸附氯化铁水溶液的硫酸纸的表面，均匀喷淋浓度为30g/L的氢氧化钠后；用电熨斗压在硫酸纸的表面，100℃下加热10s，在硫酸纸的表面生成纳米氧化铁粒子，从而得到纳米粒子包覆材料。
经检测发现，本实施例制备的纳米粒子包覆材料，其表面的纳米氧化铁粒子的粒径为30-40nm，粒径较均匀，反复冲洗不易脱落，且能耐高浓度的盐溶液和有机溶液。
综上所述，本发明提供了一种纳米粒子包覆材料及其制备方法，所述制备方法，先以金属化合物的水溶液浸湿基底材料，再在基底材料表面喷淋还原剂或沉淀剂，最后通过简单的热压加热，即能快速生成纳米粒子，制备条件简单，有利于大规模快速制备纳米粒子包覆材料。采用本发明所述制备方法制备的纳米粒子包覆材料，其上的纳米粒子粒径均匀，反复冲洗不易脱落，能耐高浓度的盐溶液和有机溶液；同时，由于没有另外引入保护剂或修饰基团，反应成分简单，节省原材料，也更有利于后续的进一步加工。
应当理解的是，本发明的应用不限于上述的举例，对本领域普通技术人员来说，可以根据上述说明加以改进或变换，所有这些改进和变换都应属于本发明所附权利要求的保护范围。
Claims (8)
1.一种纳米粒子包覆材料的制备方法，其特征在于，包括步骤：
A、以交联高分子树脂材料或者纤维材料为基底材料，以质量百分比为0.1%-10%的金属化合物的水溶液浸湿所述基底材料，得到吸附金属化合物溶液的基底材料；
B、在步骤A得到的吸附金属化合物溶液的基底材料表面，均匀喷淋与所述金属化合物相对应的还原剂或沉淀剂的水溶液后；用电热器压在基底材料表面，100-150℃下加热1-10s，在基底材料表面生成金属单质纳米粒子或金属氧化物纳米粒子，从而得到纳米粒子包覆材料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的纳米粒子包覆材料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤A中，所述交联高分子树脂材料包括三聚氰胺海绵、聚二甲基硅氧烷海绵、聚醋酸纤维。
3.根据权利要求1所述的纳米粒子包覆材料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤A中，所述纤维材料包括纸质材料、纺织品。
4.根据权利要求1所述的纳米粒子包覆材料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤A中，所述金属化合物包括氯金酸、氯铂酸、硝酸银、氯化铜、氯化铁、氯化亚铁。
5.根据权利要求1所述的纳米粒子包覆材料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤B中，所述还原剂和所述沉淀剂的浓度为1-200g/L。
6.根据权利要求1所述的纳米粒子包覆材料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤B中，所述还原剂包括柠檬酸钠、抗坏血酸钠、硼氢化钠。
7.根据权利要求1所述的纳米粒子包覆材料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤B中，所述沉淀剂包括氢氧化钠。
8.一种纳米粒子包覆材料，其特征在于，所述纳米粒子包覆材料采用如权利要求1~7任一所述的纳米粒子包覆材料的制备方法制备而成。
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