CN106496621B - 一种聚乙烯表面超疏水化的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及超疏水材料技术,旨在提供一种聚乙烯表面超疏水化的方法。包括:先后用正己烷、甲醇和去离子水清洗聚乙烯材料表面后风干;将PE‑b‑PTFE加入甲苯中,加热、搅拌,配成溶液;将聚乙烯材料固定在旋转装置上,趁热将PE‑b‑PTFE溶液倒在其表面;立即启动旋转装置并保持旋转,使溶液均匀涂覆于聚乙烯表面,然后风干;氮气保护下退火处理,实现聚乙烯表面的超疏水化。采用本发明提供的方法制备的聚乙烯表面与水的接触角范围在144~151.4°之间,滚动角范围在1~10°之间。与现有技术相比,本发明提供的聚乙烯表面超疏水化的方法具有工艺简单、成本低廉、无需昂贵的设备的优点,具有很好的产业化前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于超疏水材料技术领域,具体涉及一种聚乙烯表面超疏水化的方法。
研究背景
自然界中存在多种生物具有超疏水性质,例如荷叶表面的疏水现象使其表面的水珠在滚动的同时也把荷叶表面的污染物带走,从而起到自清洁的效果,这种效果是由荷叶表面的蜡状物质和微纳米结构引起的。目前关于超疏水材料的研究主要集中在聚合物材料和金属材料上。
聚乙烯(PE)是一类通用高分子,价格低廉、环境友好、应用广泛,具有优良的力学性能、耐热性、电性能、化学稳定性和耐候性。尽管聚乙烯是疏水材料,但它与水的接触角仅为112°左右,疏水性还不够高,造成它在使用过程中容易被污染,不具备自清洁性。如果赋予聚乙烯超疏水性,必将大大提高其自清洁性、防污性、防水性以及抗腐蚀性等,从而使聚乙烯的应用范围得到进一步的拓宽,有望在自清洁材料、减阻涂层、防腐蚀、防水、防雾、防污染等方面得到应用。已报道的在聚乙烯薄膜上制备超疏水表面的方法主要有化学气相沉积法、等离子刻蚀法、微相分离法、模板法等。这些方法存在成本高、工艺可控性和稳定性差或所需仪器设备昂贵等缺陷。因此,很有必要发明一种工艺简单、成本低廉而又易于产业化的新方法。
聚四氟乙烯的表面能低,不粘附任何物质,而且抗酸抗碱,耐各种有机溶剂。如果将聚四氟乙烯旋涂到聚乙烯表面,可以提高聚乙烯表面的疏水性,显著提高聚乙烯的抗污染性和抗酸抗碱以及耐有机溶剂的性能。不过,聚四氟乙烯低表面能的特性,使得它与聚乙烯之间的粘接性能很差。这限制了聚四氟乙烯用于聚乙烯的表面改性。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是,克服现有技术的不足,提供一种聚乙烯表面超疏水化的方法。
为解决技术问题,本发明的解决方案是:
提供一种聚乙烯表面超疏水化的方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)先后用正己烷、甲醇和去离子水清洗聚乙烯材料的表面各三次,然后在60~100℃下风干;
(2)将适量的聚乙烯–b–聚四氟乙烯两嵌段物(PE-b-PTFE)加入甲苯中,加热、搅拌,配成质量浓度为0.1~2wt%的PE-b-PTFE溶液;
(3)将聚乙烯材料固定在旋转装置上,趁热将PE-b-PTFE溶液倒在其表面;立即启动旋转装置,以2000~5000转/分钟的速度保持旋转10~60秒,使PE-b-PTFE溶液均匀涂覆于聚乙烯表面;然后将聚乙烯材料在60~100℃下风干;
(4)将表面涂覆了PE-b-PTFE的聚乙烯置于氮气保护下,在70~130℃退火处理0.001~10小时,实现聚乙烯表面的超疏水化。
本发明中,所述的聚乙烯–b–聚四氟乙烯两嵌段物中:聚乙烯链段中乙烯结构单元的重复数为39~114,聚四氟乙烯链段中四氟乙烯结构单元的重复数为3~8。
本发明中,所述步骤(2)中的加热温度为50~120℃。
本发明中,所述聚乙烯材料是片材、薄膜或块料中的任意一种。
本发明的实现原理:
本发明以聚乙烯–b–聚四氟乙烯两嵌段物(PE-b-PTFE)为聚乙烯表面超疏水改性剂,利用两嵌段物中聚乙烯链段与聚乙烯基体相似相容的特点以及它们在结晶过程中能够形成共晶而使得聚四氟乙烯链段能够牢牢地“锚定”在聚乙烯的表面,从而使得聚四氟乙烯在聚乙烯表面富集并赋予聚乙烯表面超疏水的特性。
聚乙烯表面超疏水改性剂的制备方法可参见中国专利文献“聚乙烯-b-聚四氟乙烯两嵌段物及其制备方法”(ZL201310468015.6)中的说明。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:
采用本发明提供的方法制备的聚乙烯表面与水的接触角范围在144~151.4°之间,滚动角范围在1~10°之间。与现有技术相比,本发明提供的聚乙烯表面超疏水化的方法具有工艺简单、成本低廉、无需昂贵的设备的优点,具有很好的产业化前景。
具体实施方式
本发明所述聚乙烯表面超疏水化的方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)先后用正己烷、甲醇和去离子水清洗聚乙烯材料的表面各三次,然后在60~100℃下风干;
(2)将适量的聚乙烯–b–聚四氟乙烯两嵌段物(PE-b-PTFE)加入甲苯中,加热、搅拌,配成质量浓度为0.1~2wt%的PE-b-PTFE溶液;
(3)将聚乙烯材料固定在旋转装置上,趁热将PE-b-PTFE溶液倒在其表面;立即启动旋转装置,以2000~5000转/分钟的速度保持旋转10~60秒,使PE-b-PTFE溶液均匀涂覆于聚乙烯表面;然后将聚乙烯材料在60~100℃下风干;
(4)将表面涂覆了PE-b-PTFE的聚乙烯置于氮气保护下,在70~130℃退火处理0.001~10小时,实现聚乙烯表面的超疏水化。
实施例1
1)薄膜状的聚乙烯(线性低密度聚乙烯,重均分子量为5.04×105,分子量分布指数为4.8,1-己烯结构单元的含量为3.6mol%),先后用正己烷、甲醇和去离子水清洗聚乙烯材料的表面各三次,然后在60℃下风干;
2)将0.1克PE-b-PTFE(其中聚乙烯链段中乙烯结构单元的重复数为39,聚四氟乙烯链段中四氟乙烯结构单元的重复数为6)加入10mL甲苯中,加热至80℃、搅拌,配成浓度为1wt%的溶液;
3)趁热将PE-b-PTFE溶液倒到聚乙烯的表面,随后马上以5000转/分钟的速度使聚乙烯旋转20秒,使PE-b-PTFE溶液均匀涂覆于聚乙烯表面,最后在60℃下风干。
4)将表面涂覆了PE-b-PTFE的聚乙烯置于氮气保护下,于110℃退火10小时,由此实现了聚乙烯表面的超疏水化。
经测试,聚乙烯表面与水的接触角为151.4°,滚动角为1°。
实施例2
改变PE-b-PTFE的种类,其中聚乙烯链段中乙烯结构单元的重复数为57,聚四氟乙烯链段中四氟乙烯结构单元的重复数为6,其余条件同实施例1。
经测试,聚乙烯表面与水的接触角为150.0°,滚动角为5°。
实施例3
改变PE-b-PTFE的种类,其中聚乙烯链段中乙烯结构单元的重复数为114,聚四氟乙烯链段中四氟乙烯结构单元的重复数为6,其余条件同实施例1。
经测试,聚乙烯表面与水的接触角为144.0°,滚动角为10°。
实施例4
1)片状的聚乙烯(高密度聚乙烯,重均分子量为1×106,分子量分布指数为5.6),先后用正己烷、甲醇和去离子水清洗聚乙烯材料的表面各三次,然后在100℃下风干;
2)将0.2克PE-b-PTFE(其中聚乙烯链段中乙烯结构单元的重复数为39,聚四氟乙烯链段中四氟乙烯结构单元的重复数为3)加入10mL甲苯中,加热至50℃、搅拌,配成浓度为2wt%的溶液;
3)趁热将PE-b-PTFE溶液倒到聚乙烯的表面,随后马上以2000转/分钟的速度使聚乙烯旋转60秒,使PE-b-PTFE溶液均匀涂覆于聚乙烯表面,最后在100℃下风干。
4)将表面涂覆了PE-b-PTFE的聚乙烯置于氮气保护下,于130℃退火0.001小时,由此实现了聚乙烯表面的超疏水化。
经测试,聚乙烯表面与水的接触角为150.1°,滚动角为2°。
实施例5
1)块状的聚乙烯(低密度聚乙烯,重均分子量为1×104,分子量分布指数为2.8),先后用正己烷、甲醇和去离子水清洗聚乙烯材料的表面各三次,然后在80℃下风干;
2)将0.01克PE-b-PTFE(其中聚乙烯链段中乙烯结构单元的重复数为114,聚四氟乙烯链段中四氟乙烯结构单元的重复数为8)加入10mL甲苯中,加热至120℃、搅拌,配成浓度为0.1wt%的溶液;
3)趁热将PE-b-PTFE溶液倒到聚乙烯的表面,随后马上以3000转/分钟的速度使聚乙烯旋转10秒,使PE-b-PTFE溶液均匀涂覆于聚乙烯表面,最后在80℃下风干。
4)将表面涂覆了PE-b-PTFE的聚乙烯置于氮气保护下,于70℃退火6小时,由此实现了聚乙烯表面的超疏水化。
经测试,聚乙烯表面与水的接触角为150.5°,滚动角为10°。
本发明提供的方法可以有效地赋予聚乙烯表面超疏水性,提高聚乙烯的自清洁性、防污性、防水性以及抗腐蚀性等,从而使聚乙烯的应用范围得到进一步的拓宽,有望在自清洁材料、减阻涂层、防腐蚀、防水、防雾、防污染等方面得到应用。
Claims (3)
1.一种聚乙烯表面超疏水化的方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
(1)先后用正己烷、甲醇和去离子水清洗聚乙烯材料的表面各三次,然后在60~100℃下风干;
(2)将适量的聚乙烯–b–聚四氟乙烯两嵌段物(PE-b-PTFE)加入甲苯中,50~120℃下加热、搅拌,配成质量浓度为0.1~2wt%的PE-b-PTFE溶液;
(3)将聚乙烯材料固定在旋转装置上,趁热将PE-b-PTFE溶液倒在其表面;立即启动旋转装置,以2000~5000转/分钟的速度保持旋转10~60秒,使PE-b-PTFE溶液均匀涂覆于聚乙烯表面;然后将聚乙烯材料在60~100℃下风干;
(4)将表面涂覆了PE-b-PTFE的聚乙烯置于氮气保护下,在70~130℃退火处理0.001~10小时,实现聚乙烯表面的超疏水化。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述的聚乙烯–b–聚四氟乙烯两嵌段物中:聚乙烯链段中乙烯结构单元的重复数为39~114,聚四氟乙烯链段中四氟乙烯结构单元的重复数为3~8。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述聚乙烯材料是片材、薄膜或块料中的任意一种。
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US4933388A (en) * | 1987-12-29 | 1990-06-12 | Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft | Solutions of copolymers of the tetrafluoroethylene/ethylene type |
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CN104387606A (zh) * | 2014-11-11 | 2015-03-04 | 湖南工业大学 | 一种在低密度聚乙烯薄膜上制备超疏水表面的新方法 |
CN105860120A (zh) * | 2016-05-11 | 2016-08-17 | 浙江大学 | 一种超疏水聚丙烯薄膜及其制备方法 |
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US4933388A (en) * | 1987-12-29 | 1990-06-12 | Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft | Solutions of copolymers of the tetrafluoroethylene/ethylene type |
CN103539950A (zh) * | 2013-10-09 | 2014-01-29 | 浙江大学 | 聚乙烯-b-聚四氟乙烯两嵌段物及其制备方法 |
CN104387606A (zh) * | 2014-11-11 | 2015-03-04 | 湖南工业大学 | 一种在低密度聚乙烯薄膜上制备超疏水表面的新方法 |
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