CN106492084A - 一种纯草本中药减肥产品及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种纯草本中药减肥产品及其制备方法,它涉及中医药工程技术领域。它由以下重量份的药材组成:湖北海棠嫩叶5‑20份,青咖啡豆10‑25份,陈皮5‑10份,橘红5‑10份,高良姜5‑10份,小茴香5‑10份,甜叶菊叶5‑10份,决明子10‑30份,甘草5‑10份,茶叶10‑30份。本发明长期饮用具有减肥的功效,且对人体无毒副作用,满足广大超重及肥胖人群的体重控制需求,且制备方法工艺简单、适于工业化生产。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及的是中医药工程技术领域,具体涉及一种纯草本中药减肥产品及其制备方法。
背景技术
全球经济的飞速发展彻底改变了人类的生活方式,人们更容易获得高热量的饮食,体力活动也显著减少,导致全球肥胖症的发病率迅猛上升,已和艾滋病、吸烟共同成为威胁人类健康的三大杀手之一。1999年,世界卫生组织正式宣布肥胖为一种由多因素引起的慢性代谢性疾病,以体内脂肪细胞的体积和细胞数增加、体脂占体重的百分比异常增高、并在某些局部过多沉积脂肪为特点。肥胖症可以引发生理、心理和社会问题,是心血管、糖尿病和某些癌症的重要危险因素。肥胖症的病理生理机制是能量摄入超过消耗,过多的热量以三酰甘油的形式储存在脂肪细胞内,导致脂肪组织量增加。身体质量指数(BMI)是衡量人们肥胖程度的粗略指数,具体算法是按公斤计算的体重除以按米计算的身高的平方。2002年,国内流行病学研究者根据我国的调查结果定义了适合中国成人的肥胖症诊断标准:身体质量指数等于或大于24为超重。身体质量指数等于或大于28为肥胖。
超重和肥胖问题一度被视为仅限于高收入国家,如今在低收入和中等收入国家,尤其是城市环境中,呈急剧上升的趋势。2008年,有超过14亿成人超重,5亿多人肥胖。1980年至2008年,肥胖症人数已翻了近一番。2013年,全球共有4200万名学龄前儿童超重。儿童肥胖是21世纪面临的最严峻的公共卫生挑战之一。我国的情况则更为严峻:1982年超重肥胖总患病率为3.7%,而到2002年已经升至19.0%。2005年中国营养与健康状况调查结果表明,我国居民超重率和肥胖率之和为23.2%,已接近总人口的1/4,也就是说,我国现有超重和肥胖者共2.8亿人,其中超重者为2.1亿人,肥胖者为6 844万人;成年人为2.6亿人,其中超重者为2亿人,肥胖者为6 000万人。
肥胖所致内脏脂肪的增多使患者发生多种疾病的危险性显著增加。超重和肥胖是包括糖尿病、心血管疾病和癌症在内的若干慢性病的主要风险因素。肥胖在全球流行,每年至少有280万人死亡可归咎于超重或肥胖。全球范围内,44%的糖尿病患者、23%的缺血性心脏病患者和某些癌症7%-41%患者的病因可归咎于超重和肥胖。肥胖症患者并发冠心病、高血压的几率明显高于非肥胖者,其发生率一般5-10倍于非肥胖者,尤其腰围粗(男性>90cm,女性>85cm)的中心型肥胖患者。与正常体重者相比,肥胖者患2型糖尿病、血脂异常、胆囊疾病和呼吸暂停综合征的相对危险度均大于3;肥胖者患病危险度中度增加的疾病有冠心病、高血压、骨关节炎和痛风等;而某些生殖系统和胃肠道的肿瘤,如子宫内膜癌、乳腺癌、肠癌、多囊卵巢综合征、不育等疾病在肥胖患者中的发生率也显著增加。研究证实, 当肥胖症患者降低原体重的5%-10%就能显著降低这些肥胖相关疾病的危险性,预防上述疾病发生,或者改善血糖、血脂和血压等危险因素,甚至逆转某些早期的代谢性并发症。因此,预防和治疗肥胖症本身是减少慢性代谢性疾病的患病率和死亡率的关键。
预防和治疗肥胖的两个主要环节是减少热量摄取及增加热量消耗。强调以行为、饮食、运动为主的综合治疗,必要时辅以药物或手术治疗。
对严重肥胖患者可应用药物减轻体重,然后继续维持。但临床上如何更好地应用这类药物仍有待探讨。用药可能产生药物副作用及耐药性,因而选择药物治疗的适应证必须十分慎重,根据患者的个体情况衡量可能得到的益处和潜在的危险作出决定。
肥胖的治疗需要综合的措施,其中药物是重要的治疗手段。目前治疗肥胖症的药物主要有两大类:作用于中枢神经系统的药物(如西布曲明) 和作用于外周的药物(如奥利司他)。此外,尚有多种正在开发研究中的减肥药(如阿索开、利莫那班、托吡酯等) 。
西布曲明是5-羟色胺(5-HT)和去甲肾上腺素再摄取双重抑制剂。通过两条途径减轻体质量:其一是抑制食欲,增加饱感,使食物摄取减少;其二是增加中枢交感传出神经的兴奋性,进而兴奋棕色脂肪β3-肾上腺素受体,增加产热。该药1997 年经过美国食品药物品管理局(FDA)的批准上市。有报道西布曲明使患者出现高血压、心动过速和心率失常,甚至发生心血管事件而导致死亡,因此在有些国家(如意大利)已禁止销售和使用。我国食品药品监督管理局也在2010年底宣布停止西步曲明的生产和临床使用。
奥利司他在20世纪90 年代被批准上市,目前为止是唯一一种被批准用于减肥的脂酶抑制剂。奥利司他可以在胃和小肠中与脂肪酶的活性部位相结合,抑制脂肪酶的活性,减少食物中大约30%脂类物质(主要是甘油三酯)的消化和吸收,从而达到减重目的。由于奥利司他可抑制脂肪的吸收,因此对脂溶性维生素的吸收情况得到关注。有研究显示,血中维生素D水平有轻微降低,服用奥利司他超过3-6个月时,建议患者补充复合维生素。
综上所述,开发有效、安全的控制体重和减肥的技术和产品很有必要,传统中草药是中国的文化瑰宝之一,草本植物配伍的产品成分丰富,可以多途径作用于人体多靶点,对于影响因素较复杂的肥胖类代谢综合症具有较好的疗效,安全性更高。
发明内容
针对现有技术上存在的不足,本发明目的是在于提供一种纯草本中药减肥产品及其制备方法,长期饮用具有减肥的功效,且对人体无毒副作用,满足广大超重及肥胖人群的体重控制需求,且制备方法工艺简单、适于工业化生产。
为了实现上述目的,本发明是通过如下的技术方案来实现:一种纯草本中药减肥产品,由以下重量份的药材组成:湖北海棠嫩叶5-20份,青咖啡豆10-25份,陈皮5-10份,橘红5-10份,高良姜5-10份,小茴香5-10份,甜叶菊叶5-10份,决明子10-30份,甘草5-10份,茶叶10-30份;以上十味原料,根据中医理论,合理配伍,全方性味平和。湖北海棠叶消积化滞,和胃健脾;咖啡豆利尿健胃,湖北海棠叶和咖啡豆共为君药;陈皮,橘红健脾宽中,理气化湿;高良姜,小茴香理气和胃,散寒祛湿;陈皮、橘红、高良姜和小茴香共为臣药;决明子清火祛湿,润肠通便;甜叶菊味甘,性寒,生津利尿;决明子辅以甜叶菊为佐药;茶叶,清热解毒,生津消食,利水燥湿为使药;甘草味甘,性平,补脾益气,淸热解毒,调和诸药。
一种纯草本中药减肥产品的制备方法,其制备工艺为:将湖北海棠嫩叶、青咖啡豆、陈皮、橘红、高良姜、小茴香、甜叶菊叶、决明子、甘草和茶叶这十味中药材合理配伍,可以经粉碎造粒制成袋泡茶剂,也可以经热水提取,喷雾干燥后得到提取粉,再制成片剂或胶囊。
一种纯草本中药减肥产品的制备方法,其制备工艺为:将湖北海棠嫩叶、青咖啡豆、陈皮、橘红、高良姜、小茴香、甜叶菊叶、决明子、甘草和茶叶这十味草本原料直接粉碎,粉碎后原料按照一定配比混合均匀,混合后药材经过环模挤压造粒,造粒后原料经袋泡茶机分装成2.5g-5.0g/袋。
一种纯草本中药减肥产品的制备方法,其制备工艺为:将湖北海棠嫩叶、青咖啡豆、陈皮、橘红、高良姜、小茴香、甜叶菊叶、决明子、甘草和茶叶这十味草本原料按照一定配比混合均匀,混合后药材经纯水两次提取,第一次提取加水12倍,85-95度提取60-90分钟后,过滤;第二次提取加纯水8倍,20-50度搅拌提取30分钟,过滤;两次提取液混合,混合液陶瓷膜过滤后再经超滤膜浓缩,浓缩液喷雾干燥得提取粉,提取粉造粒制成颗粒冲剂,胶囊填充为胶囊剂,或添加硬脂酸镁等助剂压成片剂。
本发明的有益效果:通过合理中医配伍,开发出减肥功效明确,且安全无毒副作用的减肥茶,长期饮用该减肥茶具有减肥的功效,且对人体无毒副作用,满足广大超重及肥胖人群的体重控制需求,且制备方法工艺简单、适于工业化生产。
具体实施方式
为使本发明实现的技术手段、创作特征、达成目的与功效易于明白了解,下面结合具体实施方式,进一步阐述本发明。
本具体实施方式采用以下技术方案:一种纯草本中药减肥产品,由以下重量份的药材组成:湖北海棠嫩叶5-20份,青咖啡豆10-25份,陈皮5-10份,橘红5-10份,高良姜5-10份,小茴香5-10份,甜叶菊叶5-10份,决明子10-30份,甘草5-10份,茶叶10-30份;以上十味原料,根据中医理论,合理配伍,全方性味平和。湖北海棠叶消积化滞,和胃健脾;咖啡豆利尿健胃,湖北海棠叶和咖啡豆共为君药;陈皮,橘红健脾宽中,理气化湿;高良姜,小茴香理气和胃,散寒祛湿;陈皮、橘红、高良姜和小茴香共为臣药;决明子清火祛湿,润肠通便;甜叶菊味甘,性寒,生津利尿;决明子辅以甜叶菊为佐药;茶叶,清热解毒,生津消食,利水燥湿为使药;甘草味甘,性平,补脾益气,淸热解毒,调和诸药。
一种纯草本中药减肥产品的制备方法,其制备工艺为:将湖北海棠嫩叶、青咖啡豆、陈皮、橘红、高良姜、小茴香、甜叶菊叶、决明子、甘草和茶叶这十味中药材合理配伍,可以经粉碎造粒制成袋泡茶剂,也可以经热水提取,喷雾干燥后得到提取粉,再制成片剂或胶囊。
一种纯草本中药减肥产品的制备方法,其制备工艺为:将湖北海棠嫩叶、青咖啡豆、陈皮、橘红、高良姜、小茴香、甜叶菊叶、决明子、甘草和茶叶这十味草本原料直接粉碎,粉碎后原料按照一定配比混合均匀,混合后药材经过环模挤压造粒,造粒后原料经袋泡茶机分装成2.5g-5.0g/袋。本工艺全部采用物理方法处理,不添加任何工艺辅料,无废水、废气、废渣污染,工艺简便高效,节能环保。
一种纯草本中药减肥产品的制备方法,其制备工艺为:将湖北海棠嫩叶、青咖啡豆、陈皮、橘红、高良姜、小茴香、甜叶菊叶、决明子、甘草和茶叶这十味草本原料按照一定配比混合均匀,混合后药材经纯水两次提取,第一次提取加水12倍,85-95度提取60-90分钟后,过滤;第二次提取加纯水8倍,20-50度搅拌提取30分钟,过滤;两次提取液混合,混合液陶瓷膜过滤后再经超滤膜浓缩,浓缩液喷雾干燥得提取粉,提取粉造粒制成颗粒冲剂,胶囊填充为胶囊剂,或添加硬脂酸镁等助剂压成片剂。
本具体实施方式采用与现有技术完全不同的用于减肥的纯草本中药配伍,中药草本配伍可用于超重和肥胖患者,有效安全的降低体重,其中湖北海棠是蔷薇科苹果属的落叶小乔木。广泛分布于湖北、湖南、江西、江苏、浙江、安徽、福建、广东、甘肃、陕西、河南、山西、山东、四川、云南和贵州等地,其味酸,性平,具有消积化滞,和胃健脾的功效,主治食积停滞,消化不良和痢疾。湖北海棠叶含有较丰富的根皮素-2-葡萄糖甙,于2014年12月经国家卫计委批准为新资源食品原料(2014年第20号公告)。
咖啡豆为茜草科小果、中果和大果咖啡的成熟果实,咖啡豆味微苦涩,性平,具有醒神,利尿,健胃的功效,青咖啡豆为未经烘焙的成熟干燥咖啡豆,不同于高温烘焙后的烘焙咖啡豆,青咖啡豆含有丰富的绿原酸类多酚成分。
陈皮为芸香科植物橘及其栽培变种的干燥成熟果皮,采摘成熟果实,剥取果皮,晒干或低温干燥。陈皮味苦、辛,性温。归肺、脾经。具有理气健脾,燥湿化痰之功效,其中含有较丰富的橙皮苷。陈皮为药食同源草本原料,广泛用于食品和保健食品。
橘红为芸香科植物橘及其栽培变种的干燥外层果皮,秋末冬初果实成熟后采收,用刀削下外果皮,晒干或阴干。橘红味辛、苦,性温,归肺、脾经,具有理气宽中,燥湿化痰之功效。橘红为药食同源草本原料,广泛用于食品和保健食品。
高良姜为姜科植物高良姜的干燥根茎,夏末秋初采挖,除去须根和残留的鳞片,洗净,切段,晒干。味辛,性热。归脾、胃经,具有温胃止呕,散寒止痛之功效。高良姜为药食同源普通食品原料,可用于食品和保健食品中。
小茴香为伞形科植物茴香的干燥成熟果实。味甘,性温,归肝、肾、脾、胃经,具有散寒止痛,理气和胃的功效。小茴香为药食同源原料。
甜叶菊为菊科甜叶菊属多年生草本植物,原产于南美巴拉圭和巴西交界的高山草地,现中国北京、河北、陕西、江苏、福建、湖南、云南等地均有引种栽培。其叶含甜菊糖苷6-12%,是一种低热量、高甜度的天然甜味剂,味甘,性寒。具有生津止渴,利尿降压的功效,甜叶菊叶除含有丰富的甜味成分外,也含有丰富的绿原酸类多酚成分。甜叶菊为普通食品原料,可用于食品和保健食品。
决明子为豆科一年生草本植物决明或小决明的干燥成熟种子,味苦、甘、咸,性微寒,具有清肝火、祛风湿、益肾明目,润肠通便的功效,决明子含有较丰富的蒽醌类成分,具有促进肠道蠕动的功效。决明子为药食同源草本原料,使用安全。
甘草为豆科植物甘草、胀果甘草或光果甘草的干燥根和根茎。甘草味甘,性平,归心、肺、脾、胃经,具有补脾益气,淸热解毒,祛痰止咳,缓急止痛,调和诸药之功效。
茶叶是指用茶树叶为原料,以自然的方式陈放,或经过人工“发酵”、“渥堆”等制茶工艺处理制作的茶叶,茶叶根据制作工艺和香气汤色特色分为绿茶、白茶、红茶、乌龙茶、普洱茶和黑茶,茶叶具有清热、消暑、解毒、止渴生津、消食、利尿等功效。
实施例1:袋泡茶样品一:湖北海棠嫩叶5份,青咖啡豆10份,陈皮10份,橘红10份,高良姜10份,小茴香10份,甜叶菊叶5份,决明子15份,甘草10份,茶叶15份,将10味药材粉碎后,混合均匀,干法造粒,分装为3g/袋;30g产品,加沸水900ml搅拌浸提30分钟后,浸提液减压真空浓缩为60ml浓缩液,受试液A。
实施例2:袋泡茶样品二:湖北海棠嫩叶10份,青咖啡豆10份,陈皮5份,橘红5份,高良姜5份,小茴香10份,甜叶菊叶5份,决明子15份,甘草5份,茶叶30份,将10味药材粉碎后,混合均匀,干法造粒,分装为5g/袋;30g产品,加沸水900ml搅拌浸提30分钟后,浸提液减压真空浓缩为60ml浓缩液,受试液B。
实施例3:袋泡茶样品三:湖北海棠嫩叶10份,青咖啡豆20份,陈皮5份,橘红10份,高良姜10份,小茴香5份,甜叶菊叶10份,决明子10份,甘草5份,茶叶15份,将10味药材粉碎后,混合均匀,干法造粒,分装为3g/袋;30g产品,加沸水900ml搅拌浸提30分钟后,浸提液减压真空浓缩为60ml浓缩液,受试液C。
实施例4:袋泡茶样品四:湖北海棠嫩叶5份,青咖啡豆25份,陈皮5份,橘红5份,高良姜5份,小茴香5份,甜叶菊叶5份,决明子30份,甘草5份,茶叶20份,将10味药材粉碎后,混合均匀,干法造粒,分装为2.5g/袋;30g产品,加沸水900ml搅拌浸提30分钟后,浸提液减压真空浓缩为60ml浓缩液,受试液D。
实施例5:袋泡茶样品五:湖北海棠嫩叶20份,青咖啡豆10份,陈皮10份,橘红5份,高良姜5份,小茴香10份,甜叶菊叶5份,决明子10份,甘草5份,茶叶10份,将10味药材粉碎后,混合均匀,干法造粒,分装为4g/袋;30g产品,加沸水900ml搅拌浸提3分钟后,浸提液减压真空浓缩为60ml浓缩液,受试液E。
实施例6:湖北海棠嫩叶20份,青咖啡豆10份,陈皮10份,橘红5份,高良姜5份,小茴香10份,甜叶菊叶5份,决明子10份,甘草5份,茶叶10份。10味药材按以上配比,称取10Kg,粉碎后,混合均匀,加纯水120L,加热至85-95度,搅拌浸提60分钟后,浸提液过滤;滤渣添加纯水80L,加热至60度,提取30分钟,过滤;两次过滤液合并,经陶瓷膜进一步过滤,过滤液经RO膜常温浓缩,浓缩液经喷雾干燥,得提取粉2.5Kg,提取粉制成0.625g/片规格片剂,或0.625g/粒规格胶囊。5g提取粉(相当于生药材20g)溶于40ml纯水,制成受试液F。
本具体实施方式根据卫生部颁布的《保健食品功能学评价程序和检验方法》中规定标准方法,展开减肥功效的动物验证实验,实验方法为:
(1)受试样品前处理:制备的受试袋泡茶样品5个,提取液样品1个。袋泡茶样品各30g(3g/袋或2.5g/袋或5g/袋),添加900倍物料量沸水,轻微搅拌浸提30分钟,浸提液减压真空浓缩,浓缩成60ml,相当于0.5g生药/ml。
(2)实验动物分组及给药:将105只健康雄性大鼠适应性饲养5天后,称取动物初始体重,并进行标记,给予高热量饲料。大鼠饲喂高脂饲料2周后,将其按体重增加情况排序,淘汰体重增加较低的1/3只大鼠,其余2/3大鼠(共70只)再按体重分层后随机分入7组,每组10只动物。分组结束当天各组动物开始记录摄食量、饮水量、体重、并分别给予受试物,给予体积均为0.5ml/100g(各组均于每天固定时间给予受试样品)。实验过程中,动物每2只一笼进行饲养,每组5笼,每周称体重、计算摄食量、饮水量及食物利用率2次。实验结束后(第30天给予受试物后次日),称体重,1%戊巴比妥钠(0.5ml/100g BW)麻醉,解剖取肾周围脂肪,睾丸周围脂肪,并称重,计算脂/体比。
(3)高热量饲料配比:普通全营养饲料80%,猪油10%,蛋黄粉10%。
(4)给予受试物周期:给药30天;各受试者组给药剂量为2.4ml/Kg。模型对照组给予蒸馏水。
(5)观察指标:体重、体重增重(终体重-始体重)、摄食量、饮水量、食物利用率(体重增长*100%/摄食量)、体内脂肪重量(肾周及睾丸周围脂肪)、脂肪重/体重比。动物一般情况观察记录,特别是动物粪便情况。
表1 大鼠给药30天实验,各组平均体重记录
由表1试验结果表明,相比于模型组,各受试产品组均有一定的减重效果,其中样品一、三、四、五、六组减重效果均超过10%,表明本发明配伍产品具有显著的减肥功效。
以上显示和描述了本发明的基本原理和主要特征和本发明的优点。本行业的技术人员应该了解,本发明不受上述实施例的限制,上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是说明本发明的原理,在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下,本发明还会有各种变化和改进,这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本发明范围内。本发明要求保护范围由所附的权利要求书及其等效物界定。
Claims (4)
1.一种纯草本中药减肥产品,其特征在于,由以下重量份的药材组成:湖北海棠嫩叶5-20份,青咖啡豆10-25份,陈皮5-10份,橘红5-10份,高良姜5-10份,小茴香5-10份,甜叶菊叶5-10份,决明子10-30份,甘草5-10份,茶叶10-30份。
2.一种纯草本中药减肥产品的制备方法,其特征在于,其制备工艺为:将湖北海棠嫩叶、青咖啡豆、陈皮、橘红、高良姜、小茴香、甜叶菊叶、决明子、甘草和茶叶这十味中药材合理配伍,可以经粉碎造粒制成袋泡茶剂,也可以经热水提取,喷雾干燥后得到提取粉,再制成片剂或胶囊。
3.一种纯草本中药减肥产品的制备方法,其特征在于,其制备工艺为:将湖北海棠嫩叶、青咖啡豆、陈皮、橘红、高良姜、小茴香、甜叶菊叶、决明子、甘草和茶叶这十味草本原料直接粉碎,粉碎后原料按照一定配比混合均匀,混合后药材经过环模挤压造粒,造粒后原料经袋泡茶机分装成2.5g-5.0g/袋。
4.一种纯草本中药减肥产品的制备方法,其特征在于,将湖北海棠嫩叶、青咖啡豆、陈皮、橘红、高良姜、小茴香、甜叶菊叶、决明子、甘草和茶叶这十味草本原料按照一定配比混合均匀,混合后药材经纯水两次提取,第一次提取加水12倍,85-95度提取60-90分钟后,过滤;第二次提取加纯水8倍,20-50度搅拌提取30分钟,过滤;两次提取液混合,混合液陶瓷膜过滤后再经超滤膜浓缩,浓缩液喷雾干燥得提取粉,提取粉造粒制成颗粒冲剂,胶囊填充为胶囊剂,或添加硬脂酸镁等助剂压成片剂。
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