CN106489394B - A kind of method of soda alkaline land rice on honda fertilising - Google Patents
A kind of method of soda alkaline land rice on honda fertilising Download PDFInfo
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- CN106489394B CN106489394B CN201610877208.0A CN201610877208A CN106489394B CN 106489394 B CN106489394 B CN 106489394B CN 201610877208 A CN201610877208 A CN 201610877208A CN 106489394 B CN106489394 B CN 106489394B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/007—Determining fertilization requirements
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Abstract
A kind of method of soda alkaline land rice on honda fertilising, is related to a kind of method of rice in saline-alkali field fertilization.It is that solve in existing soda alkaline land Rice Production that there are chemical fertilizer applications unreasonable, causes fertilizer waste loss, influence rice yield, and there are problems that potential environmental pollution risk.Method: one, determining the dose of rice in saline-alkali field Honda, and nitrogenous fertilizer divides base fertilizer, tillering fertilizer and fringe granulated fertilizer to apply three times, and phosphate fertilizer is made base fertilizer and disposably applied, and potash fertilizer divides base fertilizer and the secondary application of fringe granulated fertilizer；Two, determine that base fertilizer is sulfenyl nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ternary compound fertilizer or simple substance fertilizer mixture, tillering fertilizer is ammonium sulfate or urea, and fringe granulated fertilizer is binary compound fertilizer containing nitrogen and potassium or urea mixture potassium sulfate；Three, the fertilizing time of rice in saline-alkali field Honda is determined.This method makes full use of the nutrients resource of saline-alkali soil itself, reduces the loss of base fertilizer, improves the utilization rate and rice yield of base fertilizer.The present invention is used for field of rice cultivation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of methods of rice in saline-alkali field fertilization.
Background technique
As West of Songnen Plain soda alkaline land develops the implementation of kind of rice engineering, rice in saline-alkali field cultivated area gradually expands
Greatly, at present only West in Jilin Province rice in saline-alkali field cultivated area up to more than 400 ten thousand mu.But salt-soda soil kind rice investment is big, low output
The problem of annoying local agricultural always." big hypertrophy water " phenomenon in traditional Rice Cropping is still generally existing, causes to produce
It throws than unreasonable, low in economic efficiency, wasting of resources phenomenon is serious, and the excess of especially chemical fertilizer is unreasonable to be delivered to region
Environment brings the risk of potential pollution.Therefore, according to the suction of local soil nutrient state, nutrient and salinity relationship and rice fertilizer
It is that rice in saline-alkali field production faces and key scientific problems urgently to be resolved that rule, which carries out scientific and reasonable fertilising,.
Salt-soda soil Paddy fields mostly use the fertilizing method in the common rice field in the region salt-soda soil Nei Fei, often have ignored saline-alkali soil
Soda acid situation, salinity and Characteristics of nutrients are lack of pertinence.Often two kinds of appearance solitary different unreasonable fertilising phenomenons, one
It is excessive attention base fertilizer, 2/3 nitrogenous fertilizer and whole phosphorus potash fertilizers are disposably manured into soil as base fertilizer, cause nutrient density mistake early period
Height, loss is serious, and later period fertilizer is insufficient, the de- fertile early ageing of rice, the substantially underproduction；Second is that manuring late is uncontrolled, nitrogenous fertilizer was imposed
Amount, causes vegetative growth of rice plants excessively prosperous, field closing, susceptible disease, while remaining green when it is due to become yellow and ripe late-maturing, influences yield.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is to solve that there are chemical fertilizer applications in existing soda alkaline land Rice Production is unreasonable, fertilizer is caused to waste
Loss, influences rice yield, and there are problems that potential environmental pollution risk, provides a kind of soda alkaline land rice on honda fertilising
Method.
The method of soda alkaline land rice on honda fertilising of the present invention, specifically carries out according to the following steps:
One, the dose for determining rice in saline-alkali field Honda determines that nitrogenous fertilizer is always applied according to soda alkaline land soil nutrient feature
Dosage (purity nitrogen) is 150-180kg/ha, the total amount of application (P of phosphate fertilizer2O5) it is 40-60kg/ha, the total amount of application (K of potash fertilizer2It O) is 30-
50kg/ha.Nitrogenous fertilizer divides base fertilizer, tillering fertilizer and fringe granulated fertilizer to apply three times, and the mass ratio of base fertilizer, tillering fertilizer and fringe granulated fertilizer is 5:3:2,
Phosphate fertilizer is made base fertilizer and is disposably applied, and potash fertilizer divides base fertilizer and the secondary application of fringe granulated fertilizer, and the mass ratio of base fertilizer and fringe grain is 4:1.
Two, the fertilising kind for determining rice in saline-alkali field Honda determines that base fertilizer is sulfenyl nitrogen-phosphorus according to salt-soda soil salinity feature
Potassium ternary compound fertilizer or simple substance fertilizer mixture (current existing mixed), for tillering fertilizer based on ammonium sulfate or urea, fringe granulated fertilizer is nitrogen-potassium binary
Compound fertilizer or urea mixture potassium sulfate.
Three, the fertilizing time for determining rice in saline-alkali field Honda, according to fertilizer provision from soil and fertilizer absorption by rice feature, rice in saline-alkali field
Honda base fertilizer is best with application in 3-5 days before rice transplanting, applies depth 5-10cm；Tillering fertilizer with rice transplanting (or turning green) afterwards 15 days or so into
Row simple substance nitrogenous fertilizer surface is spread fertilizer over the fields, and is not drained in Shi Hou 3-5 days；Fringe granulated fertilizer was with (or tillering fertilizer is applied 30 days afterwards) application in 45 days after rice transplanting
Binary compound fertilizer containing nitrogen and potassium or nitrogen potassium simple substance fertilizer do not drain in Shi Hou 3-5 days with applying.
The present invention include it is following the utility model has the advantages that
The present invention is directed to the volatile loss of nitrogen of saline-alkali soil, and nutrient preserving capability is poor, and P bioavailability is low, and potassium contents are abundant etc.
Feature, fertilizer amount can be reduced again by researching and developing a kind of rice high yield that not only improves in conjunction with absorbing rule of the rice to npk nutrient
Fertilizing method is greatly improved the utilization efficiency of fertilizer, reduces the potential risk of pollution by chemical fertilizer, for rice in saline-alkali field volume increase and
Sustainable development is very necessary.
1, the method for the present invention reduces fertilizer amount, and the total amount of application of nitrogenous fertilizer (purity nitrogen) is 150-180kg/ha, and phosphate fertilizer is always applied
Dosage (P2O5) it is 40-60kg/ha, the total amount of application (K of potash fertilizer2It O) is 30-50kg/ha.Nitrogen fertilizer amount drops compared with prior art
Low 25%-30%, Phosphorus Fertilizer Rates reduce 40%-45%, and Potassium Fertilizer reduces 50%-60%, makes full use of saline-alkali soil itself
Nutrients resource, the fertile cost in per hectare salt-soda soil rice field reduces 800-1000 member；
2, the method for the present invention has adjusted with fertile number and fertilization time, conventional fertilizer application 1 month application bottom usually before rice transplanting
Fertilizer, fertilizer loss is serious, and this method is applied for 3-5 days before base fertilizer is adjusted to rice transplanting, reduces the loss of base fertilizer, improves base fertilizer
Utilization rate；
3, the method for the present invention reduces dressing of turnning green stage application link, and since base fertilizer is adjusted to before rice transplanting 3-5 days, when rice transplanting is in
Fertilizer discharges the maximal efficiency phase, is conducive to rice shoot and absorbs and turn green rapidly, reduces the volatilization loss of nitrogenous fertilizer, improve fertilizer
Utilization efficiency；
4, the method for the present invention sufficiently determines fertilizer amount according to the contribution to yield rate of soda alkaline land rice field npk fertilizer,
And best fertilizing time is determined according to fertilizer absorption by rice rule, utilization rate of fertilizer is not only improved, but also improve rice yield；Rice produces
Amount can reach 7500~9000kg/ha；
5, the potential risk polluted to water body is excessively applied inventive process avoids nitrogen phosphorus fertilizer, slows down potash fertilizer mistake
Amount causes salt damage to aggravate, and is really achieved the effect of weight-reducing synergy；
6, this method strong operability, simple and easy to do, at low cost, obvious effect of increasing production produce rice in saline-alkali field and have
There is important application value.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the rice yield comparison of the method for the present invention and conventional fertilizer application；
Fig. 2 is the rice yield situation of the method for the present invention moderate N ratio of split application.
Specific embodiment
The technical solution of the present invention is not limited to the following list, further includes between each specific embodiment
Any combination.
Specific embodiment 1: the method for present embodiment soda alkaline land rice on honda fertilising, specifically presses following step
Suddenly it carries out:
One, the dose for determining rice in saline-alkali field Honda determines that nitrogenous fertilizer is always applied according to soda alkaline land soil nutrient feature
Dosage is 150-180kg/ha, and the total amount of application of phosphate fertilizer is 40-60kg/ha, and the total amount of application of potash fertilizer is 30-50kg/ha, and nitrogenous fertilizer divides bottom
Fertilizer, tillering fertilizer and fringe granulated fertilizer apply three times, and phosphate fertilizer is made base fertilizer and disposably applied, and potash fertilizer divides base fertilizer and the secondary application of fringe granulated fertilizer；
Two, the fertilising kind for determining rice in saline-alkali field Honda determines that base fertilizer is sulfenyl nitrogen-phosphorus according to salt-soda soil salinity feature
Potassium ternary compound fertilizer or simple substance fertilizer mixture, tillering fertilizer are ammonium sulfate or urea, and fringe granulated fertilizer is that binary compound fertilizer containing nitrogen and potassium or urea are mixed
With potassium sulfate；
Three, the fertilizing time for determining rice in saline-alkali field Honda, according to fertilizer provision from soil and fertilizer absorption by rice feature, rice in saline-alkali field
Honda base fertilizer is applied for 3-5 days before rice transplanting, and application depth is 5-10cm；Tillering fertilizer progress in 12~18 days with rice transplanting or after turning green is single
Matter nitrogenous fertilizer surface is spread fertilizer over the fields, and is not drained in Shi Hou 3-5 days；30 days application nitrogen potassium two after fringe granulated fertilizer was applied with 45 days after rice transplanting or tillering fertilizer
Component composite fertilizer or nitrogen potassium simple substance fertilizer do not drain in Shi Hou 3-5 days with applying.
Specific embodiment 2: the present embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that: the total amount of application of nitrogenous fertilizer is 160-
170kg/ha.It is other same as the specific embodiment one.
Specific embodiment 3: the present embodiment is different from the first and the second embodiment in that: the total amount of application of phosphate fertilizer is
50kg/ha.It is other the same as one or two specific embodiments.
Specific embodiment 4: unlike one of present embodiment and specific embodiment one to three: potash fertilizer is always applied
Amount is 40kg/ha.It is other identical as one of specific embodiment one to three.
Specific embodiment 5: unlike one of present embodiment and specific embodiment one to four: step 1 nitrogenous fertilizer
The mass ratio of middle base fertilizer, tillering fertilizer and fringe granulated fertilizer is 5:3:2.It is other identical as one of specific embodiment one to four.
Specific embodiment 6: unlike one of present embodiment and specific embodiment one to five: step 1 potash fertilizer
In divide the mass ratio of base fertilizer and fringe granulated fertilizer be 4:1.It is other identical as one of specific embodiment one to five.
Specific embodiment 7: unlike one of present embodiment and specific embodiment one to six: institute in step 2
It is current existing mixed for stating the principle of simple substance fertilizer mixture.It is other identical as one of specific embodiment one to six.
Specific embodiment 8: unlike one of present embodiment and specific embodiment one to seven: step 3 indsole
The application depth of fertilizer is 6-9cm.It is other identical as one of specific embodiment one to seven.
Specific embodiment 9: unlike one of present embodiment and specific embodiment one to seven: step 3 indsole
The application depth of fertilizer is 7-8cm.It is other identical as one of specific embodiment one to seven.
Specific embodiment 10: unlike one of present embodiment and specific embodiment one to nine: in step 3 point
It spreads fertilizer over the fields on 15 days with rice transplanting or after turning green progress simple substance nitrogenous fertilizer surfaces of fetilizer for tillering.It is other identical as one of specific embodiment one to nine.
Elaborate below to the embodiment of the present invention, following embodiment under the premise of the technical scheme of the present invention into
Row is implemented, and gives detailed embodiment and specific operating process, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to following realities
Apply example.
Continuously in the big peace alkali of the Chinese Academy of Sciences carry out by ecological experiment station salt-soda soil rice field within one, 2014 year and 2015 for embodiment
Fertilising comparative test.Fertilizer of the invention subtract apply processing the total amount of application of nitrogenous fertilizer (pure N) be 180kg/ha, the total amount of application of phosphate fertilizer
(P2O5) it is 50kg/ha, the total amount of application (K of potash fertilizer2It O) is 50kg/ha.Nitrogenous fertilizer divides base fertilizer, tillering fertilizer and fringe granulated fertilizer to apply three times,
Allocation proportion is 5:3:2 three times, and phosphate fertilizer is made base fertilizer and disposably applied, and potash fertilizer divides base fertilizer and the secondary application of fringe granulated fertilizer, ratio 4:
1.Determine that base fertilizer is sulfenyl nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ternary compound fertilizer, tillering fertilizer is ammonium sulfate, and fringe granulated fertilizer is binary compound fertilizer containing nitrogen and potassium.Salt-soda soil
Rice on honda base fertilizer is best with application in 3 days before rice transplanting, applies depth 6cm；Tillering fertilizer is with 15 days progress simple substance nitrogenous fertilizer tables after rice transplanting
Face is spread fertilizer over the fields, and Shi Hou is not drained in 3 days；Fringe granulated fertilizer is not drained in 3 days with 45 days application binary compound fertilizer containing nitrogen and potassiums, Shi Hou after rice transplanting.
It is control with conventional fertilizer application, wherein the total amount of application of nitrogenous fertilizer (pure N) is 200kg/ha, the total amount of application (P of phosphate fertilizer2O5) be
90kg/ha, the total amount of application (K of potash fertilizer2It O) is 90kg/ha.Other administration times, mode and rice varieties, cultivation management etc. are complete
It is complete consistent.
Fertilization effect: the rice yield of the fertilising of this method in 2014 is 8818kg/ha, the rice yield of conventional fertilization method
For 9050kg/ha, rice yield this method is slightly below conventional fertilizer application (in such as Fig. 1, Fig. 1 within 2014Indicate the method for the present invention,Indicate conventional fertilization method), per hectare underproduction paddy 232kg, by current year paddy procurement price 2.6-2.8 member/kg, paddy subtracts
600-650 member is received, Jie Zhi remains basically stable with the reduction of income.
The rice yield of the fertilising of this method in 2015 is 8888kg/ha, and the rice yield of conventional fertilization method is 8013kg/
Ha, this method increases production paddy 875kg/ha (such as Fig. 1) compared with conventional fertilizer application within 2015, equally presses paddy procurement price 2.6-2.8
Member/kg meter, paddy increases income 2275-2450 member/ha, accumulative to increase income 2500-3000 member/ha.2 annuals, fertilizer, which subtracts, applies processing often
Hectare section branch 500-600 member, increases grain 800-900 member, and accumulative to increase income 1300-1500 member, the effect of increasing income is significant.
In the big peace alkali of the Chinese Academy of Sciences 2 rice have been carried out in ecological experiment station salt-soda soil rice field simultaneously for embodiment 2: 2015 years
Kind (eastern rice No. 4 and white No. 9 long) etc. fertilizer amounts split application test.Determine that the total amount of application of nitrogenous fertilizer (purity nitrogen) is 150kg/ha,
Total amount of application (the P of phosphate fertilizer2O5) it is 50kg/ha, the total amount of application (K of potash fertilizer2It O) is 50kg/ha, phosphate fertilizer is made base fertilizer and disposably applied, potassium
Fertilizer divides base fertilizer and the secondary application of fringe granulated fertilizer, ratio 4:1.Determine that base fertilizer is sulfenyl nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ternary compound fertilizer, tillering fertilizer is sulphur
Sour ammonium, fringe granulated fertilizer are binary compound fertilizer containing nitrogen and potassium.Rice in saline-alkali field Honda base fertilizer is best with application in 3 days before rice transplanting, applies depth
8cm；Tillering fertilizer is spread fertilizer over the fields with 15 days progress simple substance nitrogenous fertilizer surfaces after rice transplanting, and Shi Hou is not drained in 3 days；Fringe granulated fertilizer was with 45 days after rice transplanting
Binary compound fertilizer containing nitrogen and potassium is applied, Shi Hou is not drained in 3 days.
Nitrogenous fertilizer applies by stages is divided into 3 processing, and processing 1: nitrogenous fertilizer divides base fertilizer, tillering fertilizer and fringe granulated fertilizer (ratio 5:3:2)
It applies three times；Processing 2: nitrogenous fertilizer divides base fertilizer, dressing of turnning green stage, tillering fertilizer and fringe granulated fertilizer (ratio 4:2:2:2) four times applications；Processing 3:
Nitrogenous fertilizer divides base fertilizer, dressing of turnning green stage, tillering fertilizer, ear manuer and granulated fertilizer (ratio 4:2:2:1:1) five times applications.Other methods of application and
Rice varieties, cultivation management etc. are completely the same.
Fertilization effect: processing 2 and 3 increases 1 time and 2 costs of labor than processing 1 respectively, other costs are identical.It is different
The rice yield of fertilizer treatment is as shown in Fig. 2, in Fig. 2Expression is applied fertilizer three times,Indicate four fertilisings,It indicates five times
Fertilising.No. 4 rice yields of the eastern rice applied fertilizer three times increase production 155kg/ha and 225kg/ha than four fertilisings and five fertilisings respectively,
Long white No. 9 rice yields increase production 557kg/ha and 900kg/ha than four fertilisings and five fertilisings respectively, and 2 kinds are averagely come
It sees, fertilising increases production 5.1% and 8.3% than four fertilisings and five fertilisings respectively three times, obvious effect of increasing production.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of method of soda alkaline land rice on honda fertilising, it is characterised in that this method carried out according to the following steps:
One, the dose for determining rice in saline-alkali field Honda determines the total amount of application of nitrogenous fertilizer according to soda alkaline land soil nutrient feature
For 150-180kg/ha, the total amount of application of phosphate fertilizer is 40-60kg/ha, and the total amount of application of potash fertilizer is 30-50kg/ha, nitrogenous fertilizer divide base fertilizer,
Tillering fertilizer and fringe granulated fertilizer apply three times, and phosphate fertilizer is made base fertilizer and disposably applied, and potash fertilizer divides base fertilizer and the secondary application of fringe granulated fertilizer；
Two, the fertilising kind for determining rice in saline-alkali field Honda determines that base fertilizer is sulfenyl nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium three according to salt-soda soil salinity feature
Component composite fertilizer or simple substance fertilizer mixture, tillering fertilizer are ammonium sulfate or urea, and fringe granulated fertilizer is binary compound fertilizer containing nitrogen and potassium or urea mixture sulphur
Sour potassium；
Three, the fertilizing time for determining rice in saline-alkali field Honda, according to fertilizer provision from soil and fertilizer absorption by rice feature, rice in saline-alkali field Honda
Base fertilizer is applied for 3-5 days before rice transplanting, and application depth is 5-10cm；Tillering fertilizer is with 12~18 days after rice transplanting or 12~18 days after turning green
It carries out simple substance nitrogenous fertilizer surface to spread fertilizer over the fields, not drained in Shi Hou 3-5 days；It applies within 30 days after fringe granulated fertilizer was applied with 45 days after rice transplanting or tillering fertilizer
Binary compound fertilizer containing nitrogen and potassium or nitrogen potassium simple substance fertilizer do not drain in Shi Hou 3-5 days with applying.
2. a kind of method of soda alkaline land rice on honda fertilising according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in step 1
The total amount of application of nitrogenous fertilizer is 160-170kg/ha.
3. a kind of method of soda alkaline land rice on honda fertilising according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in step 1
The total amount of application of phosphate fertilizer is 50kg/ha.
4. a kind of method of soda alkaline land rice on honda fertilising according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in step 1
The total amount of application of potash fertilizer is 40kg/ha.
5. a kind of method of soda alkaline land rice on honda fertilising according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step 1 nitrogen
The mass ratio of base fertilizer, tillering fertilizer and fringe granulated fertilizer is 5:3:2 in fertilizer.
6. a kind of method of soda alkaline land rice on honda fertilising according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step 1 potassium
Dividing the mass ratio of base fertilizer and fringe granulated fertilizer in fertilizer is 4:1.
7. a kind of method of soda alkaline land rice on honda fertilising according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in step 2
The principle of the simple substance fertilizer mixture is current existing mixed.
8. a kind of method of soda alkaline land rice on honda fertilising according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in step 3
The application depth of base fertilizer is 6-9cm.
9. a kind of method of soda alkaline land rice on honda fertilising according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in step 3
The application depth of base fertilizer is 7-8cm.
10. a kind of method of soda alkaline land rice on honda fertilising according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in step 3
It spreads fertilizer over the fields on 15 days with 15 days after rice transplanting or after turning green progress simple substance nitrogenous fertilizer surfaces of tillering fertilizer.
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| CN107155486A (en) * | 2017-05-19 | 2017-09-15 | 东营市邦农业科技开发有限公司 | A kind of rice in saline-alkali field nitrogenous fertilizer decrement fertilizing method |
| CN107258191A (en) * | 2017-07-27 | 2017-10-20 | 四川农业大学 | A kind of method of applied nitrogen |
| CN108142026A (en) * | 2017-12-07 | 2018-06-12 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | A kind of bridge-type duck canopy of soda alkaline land growing rice with ducks |
| CN110547162B (en) * | 2019-09-26 | 2021-08-24 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Nutrient regulation and control method for improving taste quality of rice in saline-alkali soil |
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| CN1190530A (en) * | 1998-03-02 | 1998-08-19 | 前郭灌区农垦管理局 | Method for cultivating paddy rice on soda salinized soil of cold area |
| CN102976830A (en) * | 2012-11-16 | 2013-03-20 | 裴言曾 | Compound fertilizer |
| CN103125237B (en) * | 2012-12-24 | 2014-02-19 | 吉林省农业科学院 | Three-increasing comprehensive planting method of recarburization, oxygenation and resistance-increasing of soda saline-alkaline paddy rice |
| CN105145217A (en) * | 2015-08-28 | 2015-12-16 | 贵州开磷集团股份有限公司 | Method for planting rice in saline and alkaline land |
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