CN104230428A - Preparation method and field using technology of special all-element compound fertilizer for sugarcane - Google Patents

Preparation method and field using technology of special all-element compound fertilizer for sugarcane Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104230428A
CN104230428A CN201310241513.7A CN201310241513A CN104230428A CN 104230428 A CN104230428 A CN 104230428A CN 201310241513 A CN201310241513 A CN 201310241513A CN 104230428 A CN104230428 A CN 104230428A
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sugarcane
fertilizer
field
special
compound fertilizer
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李奇伟
黄振瑞
江永
周文灵
陈迪文
敖俊华
黄莹
卢颖林
曾巧英
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Guangzhou Sugarcane Industry Research Institute
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Guangzhou Sugarcane Industry Research Institute
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Abstract

The invention discloses a preparation method and a field using technology of a special all-element compound fertilizer for sugarcane. The preparation method and the field using technology comprise the following steps: (1), preparing a high-yield cultivation nutrient formula for the sugarcane; (2), preparing the special all-element compound fertilizer for the sugarcane; (3), applying the compound fertilizer in a field; and (4), topdressing. The preparation method and the field using technology of the special all-element compound fertilizer for sugarcane are strong in specificity and capable of achieving comprehensive benefits of increasing the yield, saving the fertilizer and saving the labor.

Description

The making method of the special all element compound fertilizer of a kind of sugarcane and field operation technique
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of cultivation of sugar cane technology, particularly relate to making method and the field operation technique of the special all element compound fertilizer of a kind of sugarcane.
Background technology
Sugarcane (Sugarcane) is the main sugar crop of China, widely plants, have irreplaceable vital role to promotion producing region Economic development and social stability in China torrid zone and subtropical zone.Sugarcane is as C4 crop, and having the characteristic that vegetative period is long, output is high, consumption nutrient is many, is the cash crop larger to fertilizer demand amount.According to statistics, sugarcane per ton needs from soil, to draw nutrients of nitrogen (N) 1.5 ~ 2 ㎏, phosphorus (P 2o 5) 1 ~ 1.5 ㎏, potassium (K 2o) 2 ~ 2.5 ㎏, fertilizer has become the most important production means in sugarcane agriculture production.But, for a long time, the fertilising of sugarcane district of China is unreasonable, execute more, lavishment chemical fertilizer phenomenon is very serious, according to the fertilizer utilization investigation that osmanthus, Guangdong, Dian San economize, the sugarcane amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer of China has exceeded 1 ~ 2 times of world average level, sugarcane Phosphorus fertilizer usage average dose is more than 150 ㎏/mu, fertilizers input has accounted for more than 40% of sugarcane production data input, and average more than 450 yuan/mu, some sugarcane district fertilizers input is up to 600 yuan.And about the sugarcane mean yield under high rate of fertilizer application only has 5t/ mu, tracing it to its cause, is exactly that sugarcane fertilizer material formula is unreasonable, application technique not science, and utilization rate of fertilizer is low.And the major cause causing utilization rate of fertilizer low that to be fertilizer itself (especially nitrogenous fertilizer) discharge is too fast, volatilize or be lost, or lost efficacy (especially phosphate fertilizer) by soil fixing.According to the study, sugarcane executes urea desorption column lower than 30%, and fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate utilization ratio is only about 15%, and Repone K utilization ratio is about 30%.For a long time, owing to applying fertilizer not science in southern sugarcane district, causing soil nutrient unbalance, generally lacking phosphorus, poor potassium.In addition, the leachings such as sugarcane district soil Si, Mg, Ca run off serious, and boron, zinc equal size are also not enough, and medium trace element shortage has become restriction sugarcane yield and improved further.
At present, by the sugarcane production high investment caused, low output, the poor benefit of applying fertilizer, the key issue of China's sugarcane production sustainable development has been become.For this reason, research sugarcane special-purpose fertilizer material, forms the nutrient formula of science and suitable application technique, improves utilization rate of fertilizer, to increase sugarcane yield and Sucrose, reduces sugarcane production cost significant.
Current sugarcane production remaining by using traditional fertilizer, comprising general NPK monomer chemical fertilizer, or common Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium, utilization rate of fertilizer is low, as long as general nitrogenous fertilizer 30%, phosphate fertilizer ought be made at 15% to 20%(), potash fertilizer is 35%.New plant cane every mu fertilizers input is generally all wanted about 450 yuan (by 50 kilograms, Fertilization Level urea high in sugarcane district, Guangxi, composite fertilizer 100 kgs/acre accounting), and account for about 40% of sugarcane total cost of production, fertilizers input has become the maximum spending of sugarcane production.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is, overcome above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art, making method and the field operation technique of the special all element compound fertilizer of a kind of sugarcane is provided
For reaching above technical purpose, the technical solution used in the present invention is as follows:
The making method of the special all element compound fertilizer of sugarcane and a field operation technique, wherein, it comprises the following steps:
(1) organic content of specific sugarcane field arable layer soil sample is measured, N, P, K full dose and effective content, pH value, and medium trace element effective content;
(2) be accustomed to according to the sugarcane farming of described specific sugarcane field soil nutrient Condition of abundance or deficiency and locality, according to " 3414 " fertilizer effect field test conceptual design, statistical study is carried out to output and economic benefit, set up ternary secondary fertilizer response function, obtain N, P, K proportioning for this specific sugarcane field by this fertilizer response function;
(3) on conventional fertilizer application basis, the test enriching different sorts medium trace element is set respectively in described specific sugarcane field, with conventional fertilizer application amount for contrast, by the comparative analysis of output and sugar, determines effect and the amount of application of often kind of medium trace element;
(4) according to the sugarcane in described specific sugarcane field, fertilizer nutrient formula needed for production is calculated to the demand of N, P, K and medium trace element and target output;
(5) the fertilizer nutrient formula calculated according to step (4) makes the special all element compound fertilizer of sugarcane;
(6) calculate the fertilizer amount for described specific sugarcane field, part to impose on the bottom of trench in sugarcane field when sugarcane is sowed as base manure, does not directly contact sugarcane kind, then covers hack, and makes to plant groove face and become turtleback shape;
(7) sugarcane field is covered;
(8) topdress once when sugarcane seedling starts jointing, earthing after fertilising.
Particularly, described medium trace element comprises Ca, Mg, Si, S, B, Mo and Zn.
The making method of the special all element compound fertilizer of sugarcane of described step (5), it comprises the following steps:
A) to make the P containing 15% ~ 25% after crushed containing the material of P 2o 5granular fertilizers;
B) K containing 20% ~ 30% is made after together pulverizing with the various materials containing K, Ca, Mg, Si, B, Mo and Zn 2o, 4% ~ 6% Ca, 1% ~ 3% Mg, Si, the B of 0.10% ~ 0.15% of 2% ~ 6%, the Zn of the Mo of 0.05% ~ 0.10% and 0.2% ~ 0.4% granular fertilizers;
C) the fertiliser granulates mixing that the fertiliser granulates fertile for the N of ready-made coating particle, described step (1) obtained and step (2) obtain, makes composite grain contain the N of 15% ~ 20%, the P of 12% ~ 16% 2o 5, 12% ~ 20% K 2o, 2% ~ 3% Ca, 1% ~ 3% Mg, Si, the B of 0.10% ~ 0.15% of 2% ~ 6%, the Zn of the Mo of 0.05% ~ 0.10% and 0.2% ~ 0.4%, obtain sugarcane all element compound fertilizer product.
Wherein, the fertiliser granulates of described step a) and step b) is made up of plate way.
Further, the fertiliser granulates outward appearance of described step a) and step b) is coccoid, and granularity is 2.00 ~ 4.00mm, water content≤2%.
In described step (6), the cladding thickness of hack is 5 ~ 10cm.
The sugarcane field covering method of described step (7) is every mu of weeding photodegradation film 2.5 ~ 3.0 kilograms with thickness 0.008 ~ 0.01mm, film wide 35 ~ 45cm or 50 ~ 60cm; The hack compacting sealing of described mulch film both sides, exposure face width 15 ~ 25cm.
Further, described base manure is 1:3 with the ratio of topdressing.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following advantage: one is that fertilizer specificity is strong, can meet the needs of specific sugarcane district sugarcane high-yield high sugar cultivation; Two is that fertilizer product can promote that sugarcane is ripe, improves cane sucrose and divides; Three is design according to the fertilizer demand rule of sugarcane, the supply process of big-and-middle micro-nutrient and the regulation of fertilizer requirement of sugarcane in fertilizer can be made substantially to coordinate, meet the nutritional needs of sugarcane whole breeding time better, reaches volume increase, saves comprehensive benefit that is fertile and saving of labor; Four is selected fertilizer material and auxiliary material, effectively can reduce the pollution of area source in sugarcane field, promote the formation of the environmentally friendly mode of production, can protect sugarcane field ecotope better.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail.
Embodiment 1
Adopt making method and the field operation technique of the special all element compound fertilizer of sugarcane of the present invention year December in January, 2012 to 2012 in He Ji town, Binyang County, Guangxi, step is as follows:
(1) determination and analysis target sugarcane field soil physico-chemical characteristic (mainly chemical property):
A, place: He Ji town, Binyang County, Guangxi;
B, area: 500 mu;
C, preceding crop: sugarcane;
D, soil: latosol red soil.Adopt 0 ~ 30cm topsoil gong before cane planting and carry out nutrient analysis, soil physico-chemical property is: pH4.94, organic 1.80%, full nitrogen 1.54mg/kg, available nitrogen (N) 63.11mg/kg, and full phosphorus 0.85mg/kg, rapid available phosphorus (P 2o 5) 21.02mg/kg, full potassium 3.31mg/kg, available potassium (K 2o) 140.37mg/kg, effective magnesium 16.15mg/kg.
According to more than, judge for examination soil belong to acid soil, middle fertility is on the low side.
(2) proportioning of N, P, K three elements nutrient needed for specific sugarcane district sugarcane target output is formulated: according to specific sugarcane field soil nutrient Condition of abundance or deficiency, according to " 3414 " fertilizer effect field test conceptual design, set up the ternary secondary fertilizer response function of output and economic benefit, the fertile amount of application of N, P, K when obtaining production peak and optimum economic benefit.
Described " 3414 " fertilizer effect field test conceptual design has the advantage that optimum regression design process is few, efficiency is high, is current domestic and international application fertilizer effect field test scheme comparatively widely." 3414 " refer to nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium 3 factors, 4 levels, 14 process.The implication of 4 levels: 0 level refers to not apply fertilizer, and 2 levels refer to local optimum fertilizing amount, 1 level × 0.5, level=2,3 level=2 these levels of level × 1.5(are excessive fertilization).Following form is the recommendation process mode of " 3414 " testing program:
Test number Process N P K
1 N 0P 0K 0 0 0 0
2 N 0P 2K 2 0 2 2
3 N 1P 2K 2 1 2 2
4 N 2P 0K 2 2 0 2
5 N 2P 1K 2 2 1 2
6 N 2P 2K 2 2 2 2
7 N 2P 3K 2 2 3 2
8 N 2P 2K 0 2 2 0
9 N 2P 2K 1 2 2 1
10 N 2P 2K 3 2 2 3
11 N 3P 2K 2 3 2 2
12 N 1P 1K 2 1 1 2
13 N 1P 2K 1 1 2 1
14 N 2P 1K 1 2 1 1
The sugarcane of this region per mu yield 6 ~ 7 tons of target outputs is 50 ~ 65 kilograms to urea (N of 46%) requirement, the calcium superphosphate (P of 16% 2o 5) be 120 ~ 150 kilograms, the Repone K (K of 60% 2o) 20 ~ 30 kilograms.Namely every mu of nitrogen fertilizer application (N) 23.0 ~ 29.9 kilograms, executes phosphate fertilizer (P 2o 5) 19.2 ~ 24 kilograms, potassium application (K 2o) 12.0 ~ 18.0 kilograms, target sugarcane district sugarcane special-purpose fertilizer material N, P is calculated 2o 5, K 2o proportioning.
(3) combine and carry out medium trace element and use effect test: on conventional fertilizer application basis, arranging the test enriching different medium trace element respectively, take conventional fertilizer application as contrast, by the comparative analysis of output and sugar, determine effect and the expense of medium trace element.
Result shows: execute magnesium sulfate (MgSO for every mu 47H 2o) 5 ~ 15 kilograms, have obvious promoter action to output, stimulation ratio reaches conspicuous level; Execute water glass (Na for every mu 2siO 39H 2o, containing SiO 220%) 10 ~ 15 kilograms of same effect of increasing production are obvious; Seedling stage foliage-spray borax (Na 2b 4o 710H 2o, boracic 11%) 1.5 kgs/acre, zinc sulfate (ZnSO 47H 2o, zinc content (Zn) 23%) 3 kgs/acre, promote to tiller to sugarcane, improve into stem rate, also have certain promotion.According to above-mentioned test-results, determine the addition of the fertilizer such as magnesium, silicon, boron, zinc.
(4) according to the complete first nutrient formula of sugarcane forming suitable specific sugarcane district, and all element compound fertilizer is made according to this;
(5) according to the nutrient formula of the special all element compound fertilizer of described sugarcane, the sugarcane in specific sugarcane field, the demand of N, P, K and medium trace element and target output are calculated to total consumption of described composite fertilizer needed for production and secondary and micro-element fertilizers, fertilizer is divided and makes base manure and topdress, ratio is 1:3, base manure is imposed on the bottom of trench in sugarcane field when sowing, directly do not contact sugarcane kind, execute rear covering hack 5 ~ 10cm thick.
(6) cover weeding photodegradation film: every mu with thickness 0.008 ~ 0.01mm, the wide 35 ~ 45cm(new plant cane of film) or 50 ~ 60cm(stubble cane) weeding photodegradation film 2.5 ~ 3.0 kilograms, the hack compacting sealing of described mulch film both sides, exposure face width 15 ~ 25cm.
(7) when sugarcane starts jointing, remaining topdressing is executed again in conjunction with large ridging seedling stage, earthing after fertilising.
Except fertilizer variety, fertilization time and number of times difference, other field management work is produced identical with general conventional fertilizer application.
Embodiment 2
A making method for the special all element compound fertilizer of sugarcane, step is as follows:
(1) granulation of P, K and secondary and micro-element fertilizers, drying:
To make containing P containing P crushing material plate way 2o 5the granular fertilizers of (15% ~ 25%), product appearance is coccoid, and size is 2.00mm ~ 4.00mm, is dried to water content≤2%;
To make containing K containing K and containing the various materials of the nutrients such as Ca, Mg, Si, B, Mo, Zn through pulverizing plate way 2the granular fertilizers of O (20% ~ 30%), Ca (4% ~ 6%), Mg (1% ~ 3%), Si (2% ~ 6%), B (0.10% ~ 0.15%), Mo (0.05% ~ 0.10%), Zn (0.2% ~ 0.4%), product appearance is coccoid, size is granularity 2.00mm ~ 4.00mm, is dried to water content≤2%.
(2) blending, finished product:
In proportion fertile for the N of ready-made coating particle is mixed with P, K and secondary and micro-element fertilizers particle, make product contain N (15% ~ 20%), P 2o 5(12% ~ 16%), K 2o (12% ~ 20%), Ca (2% ~ 3%), Mg (1% ~ 3%), Si (2% ~ 6%), B (0.10% ~ 0.15%), Mo (0.05% ~ 0.10%), Zn (0.2% ~ 0.4%), become sugarcane all element compound fertilizer product, quality product meets GB21633-2008 " bulk blended fertilizer (BB is fertile) " national standard requirement.
In sum, the making method of the special all element compound fertilizer of sugarcane of the present invention and field operation technique specificity by force, can reach volume increase, save comprehensive benefit that is fertile and saving of labor.
Above-described embodiment is the present invention's preferably embodiment; but be not merely restricted to the described embodiments; change, the modification done under other any does not deviate from spirit of the present invention and principle, substitute, combine, simplify; all should be the substitute mode of equivalence, be all included within protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. the making method of the special all element compound fertilizer of sugarcane and a field operation technique, it is characterized in that, it comprises the following steps:
(1) organic content of specific sugarcane field arable layer soil sample is measured, N, P, K full dose and effective content, pH value, and medium trace element effective content;
(2) be accustomed to according to the sugarcane farming of described specific sugarcane field soil nutrient Condition of abundance or deficiency and locality, according to " 3414 " fertilizer effect field test conceptual design, statistical study is carried out to output and economic benefit, set up ternary secondary fertilizer response function, obtain N, P, K proportioning for this specific sugarcane field by this fertilizer response function;
(3) on conventional fertilizer application basis, the test enriching different sorts medium trace element is set respectively in described specific sugarcane field, with conventional fertilizer application amount for contrast, by the comparative analysis of output and sugar, determines effect and the amount of application of often kind of medium trace element;
(4) according to the sugarcane in described specific sugarcane field, fertilizer nutrient formula needed for production is calculated to the demand of N, P, K and medium trace element and target output;
(5) the fertilizer nutrient formula calculated according to step (4) makes the special all element compound fertilizer of sugarcane;
(6) calculate the fertilizer amount for described specific sugarcane field, part to impose on the bottom of trench in sugarcane field when sugarcane is sowed as base manure, does not directly contact sugarcane kind, then covers hack, and makes to plant groove face and become turtleback shape;
(7) sugarcane field is covered;
(8) topdress once when sugarcane seedling starts jointing, earthing after fertilising.
2. the making method of the special all element compound fertilizer of sugarcane as claimed in claim 1 and field operation technique, is characterized in that: described medium trace element comprises Ca, Mg, Si, S, B, Mo and Zn.
3. the making method of the special all element compound fertilizer of sugarcane as claimed in claim 1 and field operation technique, it is characterized in that: the making method of the special all element compound fertilizer of sugarcane of described step (5), it comprises the following steps:
(1) to make the P containing 15% ~ 25% after crushed containing the material of P 2o 5granular fertilizers;
(2) K containing 20% ~ 30% is made after together pulverizing with the various materials containing K, Ca, Mg, Si, B, Mo and Zn 2o, 4% ~ 6% Ca, 1% ~ 3% Mg, Si, the B of 0.10% ~ 0.15% of 2% ~ 6%, the Zn of the Mo of 0.05% ~ 0.10% and 0.2% ~ 0.4% granular fertilizers;
(3) the fertiliser granulates mixing that the fertiliser granulates fertile for the N of ready-made coating particle, described step (1) obtained and step (2) obtain, makes composite grain contain the N of 15% ~ 20%, the P of 12% ~ 16% 2o 5, 12% ~ 20% K 2o, 2% ~ 3% Ca, 1% ~ 3% Mg, Si, the B of 0.10% ~ 0.15% of 2% ~ 6%, the Zn of the Mo of 0.05% ~ 0.10% and 0.2% ~ 0.4%, obtain sugarcane all element compound fertilizer product.
4. the making method of the special all element compound fertilizer of sugarcane as claimed in claim 4 and field operation technique, is characterized in that: the fertiliser granulates of described step (1) and step (2) is made up of plate way.
5. the making method of the special all element compound fertilizer of sugarcane as claimed in claim 4 and field operation technique, is characterized in that: the fertiliser granulates outward appearance of described step (1) and step (2) is coccoid, and granularity is 2.00 ~ 4.00mm, water content≤2%.
6. the making method of the special all element compound fertilizer of sugarcane as claimed in claim 1 and field operation technique, is characterized in that: in described step (6), the cladding thickness of hack is 5 ~ 10cm.
7. the making method of the special all element compound fertilizer of sugarcane as claimed in claim 1 and field operation technique, is characterized in that: the sugarcane field covering method of described step (7) is every mu of weeding photodegradation film 2.5 ~ 3.0 kilograms with thickness 0.008 ~ 0.01mm, film wide 35 ~ 45cm or 50 ~ 60cm; The hack compacting sealing of described mulch film both sides, exposure face width 15 ~ 25cm.
8. the making method of the special all element compound fertilizer of sugarcane as claimed in claim 1 and field operation technique, is characterized in that: described base manure and the ratio of topdressing are 1:3.
CN201310241513.7A 2013-06-18 2013-06-18 Preparation method and field using technology of special all-element compound fertilizer for sugarcane Pending CN104230428A (en)

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CN110818467A (en) * 2019-11-08 2020-02-21 华南农业大学 Preparation method of multi-nutrient controlled-release fertilizer special for sugarcane
CN110950684A (en) * 2019-11-08 2020-04-03 华南农业大学 Method for preparing sugarcane composite liquid fertilizer by utilizing molasses alcohol waste liquid
CN111296027A (en) * 2020-04-23 2020-06-19 内蒙古天创药业科技股份有限公司 Method for determining using amount of radix astragali base fertilizer in different areas

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110818467A (en) * 2019-11-08 2020-02-21 华南农业大学 Preparation method of multi-nutrient controlled-release fertilizer special for sugarcane
CN110950684A (en) * 2019-11-08 2020-04-03 华南农业大学 Method for preparing sugarcane composite liquid fertilizer by utilizing molasses alcohol waste liquid
CN111296027A (en) * 2020-04-23 2020-06-19 内蒙古天创药业科技股份有限公司 Method for determining using amount of radix astragali base fertilizer in different areas

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