CN106472241B - A kind of breeding method of central diameter material Qinggang oak - Google Patents
A kind of breeding method of central diameter material Qinggang oak Download PDFInfo
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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Abstract
The present invention relates to artificial afforestration fields, more particularly to a kind of breeding method of central diameter material Qinggang oak, it is characterized by comprising the following steps: (1) takes 2~3m*2 of seeding row spacing~3m to transplant the annual seedling of Qinggang oak, 1259~2517 plants of per hectare Qinggang oak；(2) China fir is then planted between the strain of cyclobalanopsis gleuca or/and in the ranks, China fir is annual Chinese Fir Seedling；(3) after closing of crop, canopy density are inspected periodically, if Canopy densities are more than 0.77, intermediate cutting is carried out to China fir or cuts bar；(4) repeat (3), when cyclobalanopsis gleuca divides 12~2424cm of average diameter, can clear felling go out material.Stand Growth of the invention is fast, and closing are early, and production process is easy to control, and cost is relatively low for intermediate cutting.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to artificial afforestration fields, and in particular to a kind of breeding method of central diameter material Qinggang oak.
Background technique
In national natural high forest main advantage tree species, 16,100,000 hectares of species ofoak area, area ratio 13.70% stores
12.81 billion cubic meters of product, accumulate ratio 10.42%, and either area, which is still accumulated to arrange, belongs to national first big dominant tree.
Qinggang oak (Cyclobalanopsis glauca) is also referred to as " thick wood ", and Cyclobalanopsiss Fagaceae aiphyllium is
State is distributed most wide one of Evergreen Broad-leaved Tree Species, is divided into " red thick " and " white thick " according to wood color.In history, " camphor tree, Chinese catalpa, nanmu,
Simultaneously referred to as because its timber heavily fortified point weight is strong, intensity is big, color, texture are beautiful, resistance to by " the big name in Jiangnan four wood ", especially " nanmu, C.-glauca " by C.-glauca "
Long corrosion resistant and it is rare.Qinggang oak is Precious Timber Species, has been included in " national strategy lays in tree species catalogue ".
Artificial forest is the standing forest built by artificial measures, generallys use matching species with the site, breeding strong sprout, density adjusting, conjunction
Manage the intensive farming technologies such as mixed friendship, tending and intermittent cutting of forest.Compared with wildwood, artificial forest has growth is fast, the period is short, quality is stable etc.
Feature is the impetus of China's timber deposit strategy.
China's artificial culture Qinggang oak is all estimation spacing plantation by rule of thumb at present, and is all that plantation Qinggang oak is pure mostly
Desultorily other trees are planted at interval in woods or single Qinggang robur kind, and Qinggang oak collateral generation is fast, serious shadow
It rings Qinggang oak bole biomass and stand quality, economic mill run is not generally high.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the shortcomings of that the prior art is above-mentioned, the present invention provides a kind of breeding method of central diameter material Qinggang oak, side
Case includes the following steps:
(1) 2~3m*2 of seeding row spacing~3m is taken to transplant the annual seedling of Qinggang oak, per hectare Qinggang oak 1259~2517
Strain；
(2) China fir is then planted between the strain of cyclobalanopsis gleuca or/and in the ranks, China fir is annual Chinese Fir Seedling；
(3) after closing of crop, canopy density are inspected periodically, if Canopy densities are more than 0.77, intermediate cutting is carried out to China fir
Or cut bar；
(4) repeat (3), when cyclobalanopsis gleuca divide average diameter be 12~24cm when, can clear felling go out material.
Another preferred embodiment is 1373~1888 plants of oak oak of step (1) per hectare Qinggang.
Another preferred embodiment is 1678 plants of oak of step (1) per hectare Qinggang.
Another preferred embodiment is 1888 plants of oak of step (1) per hectare Qinggang.
Another preferred embodiment is 1510 plants of oak of step (1) per hectare Qinggang.
Another preferred embodiment is that step (2) in the ranks uniformly plants China fir Qinggang oak, plants the China fir of mixed forest after China fir
Wood is 2m*2m with China fir line-spacing.
Another preferred embodiment is that for step (3) to China fir intermediate cutting or after cutting bar, canopy density are not less than 0.75.
Another preferred embodiment is, step (4) cyclobalanopsis gleuca divides average diameter when being 14~22cm, and clear felling goes out material.
Another preferred embodiment is that step (1) takes seeding row spacing 2m*2m to transplant the annual seedling of Qinggang oak.
Another preferred embodiment is that step (2) plants China fir between the strain of Qinggang oak, is handed over so that Qinggang oak and China fir 1:1 are mixed.
Compared with prior art, present invention has an advantage that
Qinggang oak of the invention, its Stand Growth of Mixture Forests of Cunninghamia lanceolata are fast, and closing are early, canopy density control is fast in growth course
Victory is conducive to improve stand structure, promotes the natural pruning of Qinggang oak, and effectively inhibits the life of Qinggang oak side shoot and the branch of excessive growth
It is long, improve Qinggang oak bole biomass and stand quality.Meanwhile China fir is crown mellow and full, with Qinggang oak is mixed hand over after canopy density also compared with
Easy-regulating, and China fir is cultivated, cost is relatively low for intermediate cutting, thinnings purposes is very extensive.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is 1 Qinggang oak of embodiment and Effect of Chinese Fir Mixed schematic diagram, and wherein Ο is Qinggang oak, and X is China fir.
Fig. 2 is 2 Qinggang oak of embodiment and Effect of Chinese Fir Mixed schematic diagram, and wherein Ο is Qinggang oak, and X is China fir.
Specific embodiment
The preferred embodiment of the present invention presented below, to help the present invention, but protection model of the invention is further understood
It encloses and is not limited to these embodiments.
Research process:
(1) Biomass Models for utilizing Qinggang oak, obtain most suitable canopy density in the growth course of cyclobalanopsis gleuca point.
(2) using the regression model of Qinggang oak canopy density and the standing forest diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground, standing forest strain number, the corresponding Qinggang of each diameter rank is obtained
The optimal strain number density of oak, different cultivation purposes and expected cultivation diameter, there is corresponding optimal strain number density.
(3) it is not less than optimal strain number density when Qinggang oak is just planted, to accelerate closing of crop, inhibits Qinggang area side shoot and excessive growth
Branch growth promotes trunk growth, improves stand quality, carries out mixed friendship using China fir tree species, builds Qinggang oak, Mixture Forests of Cunninghamia lanceolata.
Management objectives are different, and the mixis ratio of mixed forest is different from mode.
(4) it after mixed forest is built, continuously fosters 5 years, spring band is cultivated+is uprooted and comforts within the 1st year, and autumn hoe is comforted, and the 2nd year and the 3rd
Nian Chun, autumn, which respectively uproot, comforts 1 time, during which, Qinggang oak that after-culture does not survive individually, after annual autumn hoe comforts 1 time, 5 years within the 4th, 5 year, standing forest
Basic closing.
(5) after closing of crop, every the canopy density of investigation in 2 years or 3 years, if Canopy densities are more than most suitable canopy density,
Then China fir is carried out to cut bar or intermediate cutting, it is ensured that standing forest keeps most suitable canopy density range, promotes the growth of Qinggang oak.
(6) repeat (5) step, point reach cultivation purpose to cyclobalanopsis gleuca, can clear felling go out material.
Or 2 or 3 years before cyclobalanopsis gleuca point fells out material, by China fir close to whole intermediate cuttings, then reach to standing forest
Clear felling goes out material when cultivating purpose.
The theoretical foundation of method:
1. the proposition of Qinggang oak optimal population
Optimal population is different because of the management objectives of standing forest difference, and Qinggang oak artificial forest optimal population that the present invention is studied is
Refer to density when the economic mill run of Qinggang oak Timber stands reaches maximum, economic material it is main using position be Qinggang oak master
It is dry, therefore density of crop when present invention research cyclobalanopsis gleuca divides trunk biomass to reach maximum, as Qinggang oak optimal population.
2. the determination that cyclobalanopsis gleuca divides the relationship of canopy density and trunk biomass
It chooses 60 pieces of cyclobalanopsis gleucas and divides study plot material data, (study plot canopy density are all larger than 0.50) obtains standing forest master
Dry biomass (t/hm2) with the regression models of Canopy densities are as follows:
W=-120.063+550.754P-357.667P2, r=0.703.
Obtained by derivation: as P=0.7699, W reaches maximum.Therefore most to cyclobalanopsis gleuca lease making Ji mill run
Greatly, need to keep Canopy densities is 0.77 or so.
P: Canopy densities, W: bole biomass.
3. the most suitable strain number density of Qinggang oak artificial forest
Canopy density refer to the ratio between crown mapping area and forest land area of standing forest, it reflects forest to the utilization journey in forest land
Degree, is a kind of expression way of the density of crop.But another quantitative target is standing forest strain number density in production practice, refers to list
Stem-number on plane product forest land, operability is stronger in production for strain number density.
By forestry theory, Canopy densities are the functions of the standing forest diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground and strain number, for cyclobalanopsis gleuca point, by returning
Analysis is returned to obtain:
P=0.004ln (DN)]2.254, R=0.909
D: stand average breast diameter, N: standing forest strain number.
When P takes 0.77, function obtains following most suitable strain number density meter by stand average breast diameter (D) extension:
The most suitable strain number density meter of 1 Qinggang oak artificial forest of table
According to upper table, according to cultivation mesh (expected cultivation diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground when felling) plant of Qinggang oak artificial forest.If wanting to cultivate big
Diameter material (the forest diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground is greater than 24cm), for example standing forest average diameter is 26cm or so, then in initial plant by Qinggang oak density
It remains not less than 1162 plants/hm2?.If wanting to cultivate central diameter material (the forest diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground is less than or equal to 24cm)
The advantage of technology:
(1) in artificial forest cultivating process, the factor of most critical is determination and the growth and development process of standing forest initial density in planting
The control of the middle density of crop.The main of Qinggang oak artificial forest with material position is trunk, studies Qinggang oak trunk biomass and density
Between relationship, obtain standing forest cultivate manage optimal population, the cultivation operation of standing forest can be instructed by optimal population, improve
Standing forest yield per unit area obtains highest economic mill run.
(2) artificial forest reasonably carries out the mixed friendship of tree species, and artificial forest can be made to be formed, and multi-level, crown canopy is dense, root system is deep and broad
Labyrinth, forest land resource and Vegetation space can be made full use of.Mixed forest tree growth is rapid, ahead of time closing, and timber is total
Accumulation is much higher than pure forest, the productivity of standing forest not only can be improved, but also can enhance the stability and resistance of standing forest.
(3) China fir is the commerical tree species that adaptability is wide, economic value is high.Because Growth of Chinese Fir is quick, root system is shallower；And Qinggang oak
For middle raw deciduous species, root system compared with depth and side shoot it is more, Qinggang oak and China fir are subjected to mixed friendship, it is mixed hand over after liquid manure competition does not swash
It is strong, PRODUCTIVITY OF FOREST SOIL and light, heat, water resource can be made full use of.Simultaneously as flourishing for Qinggang oak side shoot and the branch of excessive growth
Biological property, tree species are mixed hand over can inhibit side shoot and excessive growth branch growth well.Qinggang oak, Effect of Chinese Fir Mixed are most outstanding excellent
Gesture is that Stand Growth is fast, and early, in growth course canopy density control is quick for closing, is conducive to improve stand structure, promotes Qinggang oak
Natural pruning, and effectively inhibit the growth of Qinggang oak side shoot and the branch of excessive growth, improve Qinggang oak bole biomass and standing forest matter
Amount.Meanwhile China fir is crown mellow and full, with canopy density after the mixed friendship of Qinggang oak also compared with easy-regulating, and China fir is cultivated, cost is relatively low for intermediate cutting,
Its thinnings purposes is very extensive.It is compared with Qinggang oak pure forest, blueness-China fir mixed forest construction mode is more preferable.
In production practices, Qinggang oak and Effect of Chinese Fir Mixed can form good, more stable stand structure, in the later period fosters,
Intermediate cutting is carried out to China fir according to most suitable canopy density, not only can guarantee the cultivation speed of Qinggang oak, but also widely used China fir can be produced
Timber, strong operability, high efficiency.
Embodiment 1
Place: Pingjiang county Hunan province, cultivating purpose is to cultivate central diameter material, it is contemplated that standing forest average diameter is 12cm, therefore most
Suitable density is 2517 plants/hm2。
(1) seeding row spacing 2m*2m is taken to transplant the annual seedling of Qinggang oak, per hectare retains cyclobalanopsis gleuca wood 2500-
2550 plants.
(2) it in the ranks mixing and hands over China fir, line-spacing between China fir and China fir is 2m*2m, 2500-2550 plants of per hectare China fir.Fig. 1
For 1 Qinggang oak of embodiment and Effect of Chinese Fir Mixed schematic diagram (Ο is Qinggang oak, and X is China fir).
(3) side shoot is suitably trimmed, woods iuuminting environment is improved, promotes trunk growth.
(4) it afforests after closing, every the canopy density of investigation in 2 years or 3 years, keeping closing of crop is 0.75, if standing forest is strongly fragrant
Degree of closing carries out intermediate cutting to China fir more than 0.77, then or cuts bar
(6) (5) are repeated, until cyclobalanopsis gleuca point reaches cultivation purpose, can clear felling go out material.Or it is adopted in cyclobalanopsis gleuca point
2 or 3 years before cutting down out material, by China fir close to whole intermediate cuttings, then clear felling went out material when standing forest reaches and cultivates purpose.
Embodiment 2
Place: Pingjiang county Hunan province, cultivating purpose is to cultivate central diameter material, it is contemplated that standing forest average diameter is 18cm, therefore most
Suitable density is 1678 plants/hm2。
(1) seeding row spacing 2m*3m is taken to transplant the annual seedling of Qinggang oak, per hectare retains cyclobalanopsis gleuca wood 1650-
1700 plants.
(2) it is in the ranks mixed with 1:1 ratio and hands over China fir, per hectare retains China fir 1650-1700 plants.Fig. 2 is 2 Qinggang oak of embodiment
With Effect of Chinese Fir Mixed schematic diagram (Ο is Qinggang oak, and X is China fir).
(3) side shoot is suitably trimmed, woods iuuminting environment is improved, promotes trunk growth.
(4) it afforests after closing, every the canopy density of investigation in 2 years or 3 years, keeping closing of crop is 0.75, if standing forest is strongly fragrant
Degree of closing carries out intermediate cutting to China fir more than 0.77, then or cuts bar.
(6) (5) are repeated, until cyclobalanopsis gleuca point reaches cultivation purpose, can clear felling go out material.Or it is adopted in cyclobalanopsis gleuca point
2 or 3 years before cutting down out material, by China fir close to whole intermediate cuttings, then clear felling went out material when standing forest reaches and cultivates purpose.
The above embodiment is a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but embodiments of the present invention are not by above-described embodiment
Limitation, other any changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, simplifications made without departing from the spirit and principles of the present invention,
It should be equivalent substitute mode, be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of breeding method of central diameter material Qinggang oak, which comprises the steps of:
(1) 2~3m*2 of seeding row spacing~3m is taken to transplant the annual seedling of Qinggang oak, 1259~2517 plants of per hectare Qinggang oak；
(2) it is then handed in the plantation China fir in the ranks of Qinggang oak with Qinggang oak and China fir 1:1 are mixed, China fir is annual Chinese Fir Seedling；
(3) determination of cyclobalanopsis gleuca point canopy density and the relationship of trunk biomass: 60 pieces of cyclobalanopsis gleucas are chosen and divide study plot material
Data, study plot Canopy densities are all larger than 0.50, obtain standing forest trunk biomass (t/hm2) with the recurrence moulds of Canopy densities
Type are as follows:
W = -120.063+550.754P-357.667P2, r=0.703；
Obtained by derivation: as P=0.7699, W reaches maximum；Therefore maximum to cyclobalanopsis gleuca lease making Ji mill run, it needs to protect
Holding Canopy densities is 0.77；Wherein, p: Canopy densities, W: bole biomass；
After closing of crop, Canopy densities are inspected periodically, if Canopy densities are more than 0.77, intermediate cutting is carried out to China fir or is cut
Bar；
(4) repeat (3), when cyclobalanopsis gleuca divide average diameter be 12~24cm when, can clear felling go out material.
2. the breeding method of central diameter material Qinggang oak according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step (1) per hectare Qinggang oak
1373~1888 plants.
3. the breeding method of central diameter material Qinggang oak according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step (1) per hectare Qinggang oak
1678 plants.
4. the breeding method of central diameter material Qinggang oak according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step (1) per hectare Qinggang oak
1888 plants.
5. the breeding method of central diameter material Qinggang oak according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step (1) per hectare Qinggang oak
1510 plants.
6. the breeding method of central diameter material Qinggang oak according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step (2) is in Qinggang oak
China fir is in the ranks uniformly planted, the China fir and China fir line-spacing of mixed forest are 2m*2m after plantation China fir.
7. the breeding method of central diameter material Qinggang oak according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step (3) to China fir intermediate cutting or
After cutting bar, Canopy densities are not less than 0.75.
8. the breeding method of central diameter material Qinggang oak according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step (4) cyclobalanopsis gleuca point is flat
When equal diameter is 14~22cm, clear felling goes out material.
9. the breeding method of central diameter material Qinggang oak according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step (1) takes seeding row spacing 2m*
2m transplants the annual seedling of Qinggang oak.
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