CN106460236A - 具有阻碍作用的纤维和纱线 - Google Patents
具有阻碍作用的纤维和纱线 Download PDFInfo
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- CN106460236A CN106460236A CN201580024257.3A CN201580024257A CN106460236A CN 106460236 A CN106460236 A CN 106460236A CN 201580024257 A CN201580024257 A CN 201580024257A CN 106460236 A CN106460236 A CN 106460236A
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Abstract
一种聚合物组合物，其包含一种聚合物和至少一种活性物质，所述至少一种活性物质选自由产生阻碍的活性物质，尤其是产生内阻碍的活性物质或产生外阻碍的活性物质；保湿活性物质；减少疼痛或瘙痒的活性物质；及其混合物组成的组。
Description
本发明涉及一种聚合物组合物，其包含一种聚合物和至少一种活性物质，并涉及一种具有这种聚合物组合物的成形体；成形体和聚合物组合物的用途；以及相应的纱线、无纺物、衣物和医疗辅助器具。
通过添加物“起作用”的聚合物组合物是已知的。因此，例如US-A 5,766,746描述了包含阻燃组份的纤维素纤维。DE 100 37 983 A1描述了具有生物碱成分的聚合物组合物并且DE 100 07 794 A1描述了具有来自海洋植物或动物的材料的聚合物组合物。
这种聚合物组合物被进一步加工成纱线、织物面和衣物。
添加用于使聚合物纤维功能化的添加物经常会导致问题，即，仍然维持使用纤维时所需的特征，尤其是机械强度、缠绕强度、纤维伸长率、磨损特性和上染性能。
但是，始终需求功能性的纤维和由这种具有特殊添加物的纤维所制成的衣物，从而使得重要的是，提供这种克服了所述困难的纤维，因此功能化的纤维可以满足对由这些纤维制作的衣物的相应要求。
在此，对于市场特别重要的添加物是那些对由所述聚合物组合物制造的衣物的穿用者的生物体产生作用的添加物。
迄今为止已知的结构仅包含低浓度的这些物质。这些物质通过浸渍或涂覆而被施加到载体基质上。这导致例如低的耐洗牢度，从而使得必须定期地重新提供这种物质以维持其作用方式。
因此，本发明是基于这样的技术问题：提供一种聚合物组合物，其包含相应的添加物，其中仍然产生由该聚合物组合物所制造的成形体的良好稳定性和可加工性。
在紧密贴靠在皮肤上的衣物和医疗辅助器具(例如绷带和弹力袜)的情况下，在佩戴舒适性上，皮肤含水量的调节起一定作用，尤其是应当防止皮肤的干燥。这种织物面也不应当引起皮肤干燥和皮肤刺激或使已经存在的皮肤疾病(例如神经性皮炎)恶化。在此，还应当至少减少与这些皮肤疾病相关的瘙痒或疼痛。
作为本发明的基础的技术问题还在于提供尤其在这方面被改善的衣物和医疗辅助器具及其原材料。
本发明通过独立权利要求的主题解决了作为其基础的技术问题。
尤其地，本发明通过一种聚合物组合物解决了作为其基础的技术问题，所述聚合物组合物包含一种聚合物和至少一种活性物质，所述至少一种活性物质选自由产生阻碍的活性物质，尤其是产生内阻碍的活性物质或产生外阻碍的活性物质；保湿活性物质；减少疼痛或瘙痒的活性物质；及其混合物组成的组。
因此，根据本发明，该聚合物组合物除了所述聚合物之外还附加地包含至少一种活性物质，其中所述活性物质可以是产生阻碍的活性物质，尤其是产生内阻碍的活性物质或产生外阻碍的活性物质；保湿活性物质；或减少疼痛或瘙痒的活性物质。当然，本发明也包括这些物质中的两种或更多种物质和这些物质的混合物的存在。
令人惊奇地发现，这些活性物质可以被置于聚合物组合物中并在其中作为添加物，当聚合物组合物以诸如衣物和医疗辅助器具的相应产品的形式贴靠在皮肤上时，可以尤其直接在贴靠的皮肤上发挥它们的作用。在此尤其地，这些活性物质可以以有利的方式防止皮肤干燥和/或至少减少诸如神经性皮炎的疾病时的疼痛和瘙痒。此外，也可以将这些活性物质用于使其他活性物质进入到皮肤中。
在此也可以令人惊奇地确定，作为添加物包含在聚合物组合物中的根据本发明的活性物质的组在应用时间段中都具有良好的稳定性并由此在该时间段中都可以发挥其作用。
此外令人惊奇地发现，根据本发明的聚合物组合物，尤其是当它们包含纤维素或是基于纤维素时，得到这样的纤维：尽管添加了至少一种根据本发明的添加物，其仍表现出与纯纤维尤其是纤维素纤维同样的突出特性，例如相关的其细度、抗张强度、抗张强度变化、伸长率、湿伸长率、与细度相关的抗张强度、与细度相关的湿抗张强度、与细度相关的缠绕抗张强度、湿磨损变化和湿模量。尽管如此，这些纤维同时显示出通过所述至少一种添加物所赋予的正面特性。
优选地，由纺丝液来制造纤维。已发现的是，尽管添加了至少一种根据本发明的添加物，令人惊奇地没有发生纺丝液的分解，尤其是当纺丝液包含纤维素时，并且非常特别地当该纺丝液由作为主要组份的纤维素、N-甲基吗啉-N-氧化物(NMMNO)和水构成时。
由DE 10 2007 054 702 A1已知尤其用于包含纤维素或改性纤维素且尤其为成形体形式的聚合物组合物的适当的制造方法。
聚合物组合物可以包含聚合物，并且其以通常的方式用于制造纤维、丝线、纱线、无纺物、衣物以及诸如绷带和弹力袜的医疗辅助器具。
在一个优选的实施方式中，聚合物选自由纤维素、改性纤维素、聚酰胺、聚丙烯酸、聚酯、聚氨酯、聚乙烯、聚丙烯、其改性产物以及其混合物组成的组。在一个优选的实施方式中，聚合物选自由纤维素、改性纤维素、聚酰胺、聚丙烯酸、聚酯、其改性产物以及其混合物组成的组。
在一个优选的实施方式中，所述聚合物可生物降解。可生物降解的聚合物优选地选自由纤维素、改性纤维素、乳液、植物以及动物来源的蛋白质以及其混合物组成的组。也可以使用缩聚和聚合的聚合物、聚氨酯、聚酯、聚丙烯酸和这些材料的混合物。
然而，在另一实施方式中也可以设置：根据本发明的聚合物组合物也包含不可生物降解的聚合物。示例性的这样的聚合物是聚酰胺、芳香族聚酰胺特别是芳纶、聚丙烯腈、聚酯或聚乙烯醇。
在一个优选的实施方式中，所述聚合物是纤维素、改性纤维素或其改性产物以及其混合物。在一个优选的实施方式中，所述聚合物是纤维素或改性纤维素。
纤维素是由亲水性网络构成的聚合物，其超分子结构不仅在溶液中而且在固体中通过同样亲水的氢桥键而稳定。与之相对地，在本发明中所使用的活性物质选自由产生内阻碍的活性物质、产生外阻碍的活性物质、保湿活性物质，更确切地说非极性、亲脂性有机化合物组成的组。现在，在本发明的范畴内令人惊奇地发现，可以将这样的非极性、亲脂性活性物质引入到纤维素的长丝和纤维中。同样令人惊奇的是，可以使结合在亲水性纤维素网络中且为极性的亲脂性有机活性物质如此均匀地且微粒性地分散，使得有可能实现可精细计量且均匀的存储以及这些非极性亲脂性有机活性物质从纤维中的受控释放。
优选地，由纺丝液来制造根据本发明的聚合物组合物。优选地，活性物质作为微包裹物存在于聚合物组合物中。
改性纤维素尤其被理解为羧乙基纤维素、甲基纤维素、硝酸纤维素、铜纤维素、纤维胶即黄原酸纤维素(Cellulose-Xantoghenat)、氨基甲酸纤维素和醋酸纤维素。
在另一实施方式中，所述聚合物是聚酰胺、聚丙烯酸、聚酯或其改性产物及其混合物。在一个优选的实施方式中，所述聚合物是聚酰胺或其改性产物。在一个优选的实施方式中，所述聚合物是聚丙烯酸或其改性产物。在一个优选的实施方式中，所述聚合物是聚酯或其改性产物。
缩聚和聚合的聚合物的实例是被例如甲基、羟基或苄基基团取代的聚酰胺。聚氨酯的实例是基于聚醚-多元醇而构建的物质。
根据本发明，聚合物组合物包含至少一种活性物质，其中所述活性物质可以是产生阻碍的活性物质，尤其是产生内阻碍的活性物质或产生外阻碍的活性物质；保湿活性物质；或减少疼痛或瘙痒的活性物质；或其混合物。
优选地，所述至少一种活性物质结合到所述聚合物组合物中，并尤其不是通过浸渍或涂覆被施加到载体基质上。
优选地，所述聚合物组合物包含至少一种产生阻碍的活性物质，尤其是产生内阻碍的活性物质或产生外阻碍的活性物质。
在本发明的上下文中，“阻碍”被理解为阻止或减少通过皮肤到周围环境例如织物覆盖层中的水损失。
除了其他的重要功能之外，人的皮肤还保护不受外界环境的侵扰。为了维持其保护功能，有重要意义的是避免从更深的皮肤层中损失水。
人皮肤的结构分成三个组成部分，即表皮(Epidermis)、真皮(Dermis)和皮下组织(Subcutis)。表皮角质层的外层通过其角蛋白丝对皮肤的水含量起到特别作用。因此，角蛋白纤维框架可以保持相当大量的水。相应物质的外阻碍性作用的作用目标和位点是表皮。通过在皮肤表面上施加这种物质而发挥主要作用，即抑制水从角质层中挥发(经表皮的水损失)。通过这些物质构成膜，其阻止湿气挥发。由此，在外阻碍的情况下，水可以从更深的层上移并以湿气填充外皮肤层的角蛋白纤维框架。由此避免角质层的干燥。皮肤会具有弹性和柔软性并且皮肤具有其生理平衡以避免受例如真菌侵染。活性物质的该阻碍作用也被称作外阻碍。
内阻碍表示角质层中的皮肤脂质结构的改变。在六边形结构中，脂质的烃链可以自由地绕其轴线旋转。该“散堆积”的状态提供了可穿过的、即可渗透的结构并减轻在角质层中的压力下产生的不希望的水的释放，该压力伴随相应的不利结果，例如皮肤干燥。通过特定活性物质的作用，在内阻碍的情况下产生脂质的更紧密的斜方晶堆积。该布置导致更牢固的结构。这样的分子行为通过脂质的“斜方晶堆积”造成皮肤屏障的明显更低的可穿过性并由此显著减少从角质层中出来的水损失。
在一个实施方式中，所述至少一种活性物质产生内阻碍。
优选地，所述至少一种产生内阻碍的活性物质是脂肪酸衍生物。优选地，所述脂肪酸衍生物选自由异硬脂酸异硬脂醇酯、棕榈酸异丙酯及其混合物组成的组。优选地，所述脂肪酸衍生物是异硬脂酸异硬脂醇酯。或者，所述脂肪酸衍生物是棕榈酸异丙酯。
在另一实施方式中，所述至少一种活性物质产生外阻碍。
优选地，所述至少一种产生外阻碍的活性物质选自由高分子烷酸、高分子烯酸、高分子碳酸酯及其混合物组成的组。优选地，所述至少一种产生外阻碍的活性物质选自由鲸蜡硬脂醇异壬酸酯、碳酸二辛酯及其混合物组成的组。优选地，所述活性物质是鲸蜡硬脂醇异壬酸酯。优选地，所述活性物质是碳酸二辛酯。
在另一实施方式中，所述至少一种活性物质是保湿活性物质。
优选地，所述至少一种保湿活性物质选自由甘油、多元醇尤其是泛醇、和其他诸如尿素的保湿物质组成的组。优选地，所述至少一种保湿活性物质是甘油(丙烷-1,2,3-三醇)。
优选地，所述至少一种减少疼痛或瘙痒的活性物质是脂肪酸酰胺化合物、其改性产物或其衍生物或黄酮类化合物、其改性产物或其衍生物。
优选地，所述至少一种减少疼痛或瘙痒的活性物质选自由棕榈酰乙醇胺(PEA)、硬脂酰乙醇酰胺(SEA)、羟基芦丁(Oxerutin)、三羟乙基芦丁(Troxerutin)及其混合物组成的组。
优选地，所述至少一种减少疼痛或瘙痒的活性物质是N-酰基乙醇胺(NAE)。
优选地，所述至少一种减少疼痛或瘙痒的活性物质是棕榈酰乙醇胺(PEA)或硬脂酰乙醇酰胺(SEA)。
天然存在的脂肪酰胺PEA和它的同系物，例如紧密同源的SEA，显示非常好的抗炎特性。因此，它们作为脂质组分被用在化妆品配方(例如防止头皮干燥的洗发产品)中。但是，这些物质的使用也随之对抗例如流感病毒、感冒病症、呼吸道疾病和风湿热。这些物质也作为具有缓解疼痛特性的口服物而给药。这些物质一般显示缓和瘙痒、缓解疼痛和抗炎的作用。人的表皮不仅可能由于有害环境影响而被侵扰，而且可能由于例如由织物表面引起的持续刺激而被侵扰。其结果是产生瘙痒和疼痛的主观感受。生理学上的作用机理可以被阐释如下：疼痛刺激和炎性刺激(例如由织物表面引起)遇到疼痛传递的受体并且肥大细胞的炎症受体的激活引起强炎性地起作用的组胺的分布。首先，结果是通过皮肤传感神经纤维中直至决定性的大脑区域中的传递而触发疼痛感受。第二，炎性物质在表皮中的分布引起瘙痒、发红和皮肤干燥。PEA和其同系物的进攻基于两个机理实现分子层面上的缓解：首先，PEA和其同系物是肥大细胞调节器。通过PEA浓度的提高而在发炎位置处阻止肥大细胞的组胺分布。另外，PEA和其同系物对疼痛和发炎负责的受体具有高亲和力。这引起相应的刺激传导的防止。因此，PEA和其同系物在作用到被感染的皮肤区域上时对干燥的、瘙痒的且受刺激的皮肤显示阻止发炎的镇静作用。
优选地，所述至少一种减少疼痛或瘙痒的活性物质是黄酮类化合物、其改性产物或其衍生物。优选地，所述至少一种减少疼痛或瘙痒的活性物质是芦丁、其改性产物或其衍生物。
优选地，所述至少一种减少疼痛或瘙痒的活性物质是芦丁、羟基芦丁或三羟乙基芦丁、其改性产物或其衍生物。优选地，所述至少一种减少疼痛或瘙痒的活性物质是三羟乙基芦丁、其改性产物或其衍生物。优选地，所述至少一种减少疼痛或瘙痒的活性物质是三羟乙基芦丁。
三羟乙基芦丁是一种来自于黄酮类化合物的植物性活性物质并用于伴随着血管的渗透性提高的病症中。在这里可以例举的是静脉病，这些静脉病伴随着组织中的水沉积、即水肿。属于其的例如是浅静脉炎或静脉曲张以及怀孕期间的静脉衰弱。在腿开放性受伤、慢性静脉功能不全和腿沉重疲惫或归结为腿静脉阻塞的腿痉挛的情况下也使用芦丁、例如三羟乙基芦丁。在静脉中堵塞的情况下，除了血管内壁损伤之外还产生血液凝块、阻塞和发炎。血管内壁损伤是由如下物质引起的：这些物质在发炎的区域内释放白血球。三羟乙基芦丁阻止这些物质的释放并因此使毛细血管的可渗透性血管壁稳定。这样将它们密封，从而使得不再有液体可以流出。此外，三羟乙基芦丁改善血液的流动特性，其方式是：其使得红血球可变形并具有轻微阻止凝固的作用。这些效应的总和有助于在静脉中血液堵塞时很少的水流出到周围的组织中并构成水肿。通过使用三羟乙基芦丁，以这样的方式缓解静脉病的症状，例如腿中的疼痛和沉重感。
在另一实施方式中，所述聚合物组合物包含至少一种产生阻碍的活性物质，尤其是产生内阻碍的活性物质或产生外阻碍的活性物质，以及至少一种减少疼痛或瘙痒的活性物质。
在另一实施方式中，所述聚合物组合物包含至少一种保湿活性物质和至少一种减少疼痛或瘙痒的活性物质。
在另一实施方式中，所述聚合物组合物包含至少一种产生阻碍的活性物质，尤其是产生内阻碍的活性物质或产生外阻碍的活性物质，以及至少一种保湿活性物质。
在另一实施方式中，所述聚合物组合物包含至少一种产生阻碍的活性物质，尤其是产生内阻碍的活性物质或产生外阻碍的活性物质，至少一种减少疼痛或瘙痒的活性物质和至少一种保湿活性物质。
本发明也涉及一种成形体或多种成形体，其包含根据本发明的聚合物组合物。
根据本发明的其中包含根据本发明的添加物的成形体的优点是，在可区别地制造的纤维横截面中均匀地将活性物质置入到成形体尤其是纤维基质中。在此也可以作为单丝纱线或连续丝纱线来加工，由此获得了技术产品中的使用可能性。
根据本发明的成形体可以被用于最不同的目的。
优选地，成形体是纤维。优选地，纤维是短纤维(Stapelfaser)、单丝、复合丝或复合连续丝。
尤其地，当纤维是纤维素纤维时，其可以像例如DE 10 2007 054 702A1的图1和2中所示的那样构建。所述至少一种活性物质可以以分散的夹杂物形式存在于基质，尤其是纤维素基质中。
优选地，利用至少一种疏水性增稠剂来稳定所述至少一种活性物质。
尤其地，当从根据本发明的纤维制造织物面时，其不仅可以由根据本发明的纤维制成，而且也可以包含附加的组份，例如棉花、Lyocell、粘胶纤维、Carbacell、聚酯、聚酰胺、醋酸纤维素、丙烯酸酯、聚丙烯或其混合物。
本发明也涉及根据本发明的成形体用于制造纱线的用途。
本发明也涉及一种纱线，其包含根据本发明的成形体。本发明也涉及一种纱线，其包含根据本发明的成形体作为基础组份。本发明也涉及一种纱线，其由根据本发明的成形体制成。
本发明也涉及一种无纺物，其包含根据本发明的成形体。本发明也涉及一种无纺物，其包含根据本发明的纱线。
本发明也涉及一种衣物或一种医疗辅助器具，其包含根据本发明的成形体或根据本发明的纱线。优选地涉及在穿戴时至少部分直接贴靠在皮肤上的衣物或医疗辅助器具。
本发明也涉及一种衣物，其包含根据本发明的成形体或根据本发明的纱线。优选地，衣物是内衣，尤其是内裤、汗衫或袜子。或者，衣物也可以是手套。
本发明也涉及一种医疗辅助器具，其包含根据本发明的成形体或根据本发明的纱线。优选地，医疗辅助器具涉及弹力袜或绷带。
本发明也涉及一种运动绷带和其他运动辅助器具，其包含根据本发明的成形体或根据本发明的纱线。
本发明也涉及根据本发明的聚合物组合物或根据本发明的成形体在用于护理皮肤的衣物、运动辅助器具或医疗辅助器具中的用途。
本发明也涉及根据本发明的聚合物组合物或根据本发明的成形体在用于防止皮肤干燥的衣物、运动辅助器具或医疗辅助器具中的用途。
本发明也涉及根据本发明的聚合物组合物或根据本发明的成形体在用于减少疼痛和/或瘙痒的衣物、运动辅助器具或医疗辅助器具中的用途，尤其是在皮肤损伤和皮肤病症的情况下，例如在神经性皮炎的情况下。在此优选地，同时减少或阻止皮肤的干燥。
Claims (17)
1.一种聚合物组合物，其包含一种聚合物和至少一种活性物质，所述至少一种活性物质选自由产生阻碍的活性物质，尤其是产生内阻碍的活性物质或产生外阻碍的活性物质；保湿活性物质；减少疼痛或瘙痒的活性物质；及其混合物组成的组。
2.根据权利要求1所述的聚合物组合物，其中所述聚合物选自由纤维素、改性纤维素、聚酰胺、聚丙烯酸、聚酯、聚氨酯、聚乙烯、聚丙烯、其改性产物、其衍生物及其混合物组成的组。
3.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的聚合物组合物，其中所述至少一种活性物质是非极性活性物质。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的聚合物组合物，其中所述至少一种产生内阻碍的活性物质是脂肪酸衍生物，尤其是选自由异硬脂酸异硬脂醇酯、棕榈酸异丙酯及其混合物组成的组的脂肪酸衍生物。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的聚合物组合物，其中所述至少一种产生外阻碍的活性物质选自由高分子烷酸、高分子烯酸、高分子碳酸酯及其混合物，尤其是鲸蜡硬脂醇异壬酸酯、碳酸二辛酯及其混合物组成的组。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的聚合物组合物，其中所述至少一种保湿活性物质选自由甘油、多元醇尤其是泛醇、和尿素组成的组。
7.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的聚合物组合物，其中所述至少一种保湿活性物质是甘油。
8.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的聚合物组合物，其中所述至少一种减少疼痛或瘙痒的活性物质是脂肪酸酰胺化合物、其改性产物或其衍生物或者黄酮类化合物、其改性产物或其衍生物。
9.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的聚合物组合物，其中所述至少一种减少疼痛或瘙痒的活性物质选自由棕榈酰乙醇胺(PEA)、硬脂酰乙醇酰胺(SEA)、羟基芦丁、三羟乙基芦丁及其混合物组成的组。
10.一种成形体，其包含根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的聚合物组合物。
11.根据权利要求10所述的成形体，其中所述成形体是纤维。
12.根据权利要求11所述的成形体，其中所述纤维是短纤维、单丝、复合丝或复合连续丝。
13.根据权利要求10至12中任一项所述的成形体用于制造纱线或织物面，尤其是毡或无纺布的用途。
14.一种纱线，其包含根据权利要求10至12中任一项所述的成形体。
15.一种无纺物，其包含根据权利要求10至12中任一项所述的成形体或根据权利要求14所述的纱线。
16.一种衣物或医疗辅助器具，其包含根据权利要求10至12中任一项所述的成形体或根据权利要求14所述的纱线。
17.根据权利要求1至9中任一项所述的聚合物组合物或根据权利要求10至12中任一项所述的成形体或根据权利要求14所述的纱线或根据权利要求15所述的无纺物在用于护理皮肤的衣物、运动辅助器具或医疗辅助器具中的用途。
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA2946782C (en) | 2019-04-16 |
| DE102014004258A1 (de) | 2015-09-24 |
| EP3640377A1 (de) | 2020-04-22 |
| EP3119931A1 (de) | 2017-01-25 |
| WO2015140072A1 (de) | 2015-09-24 |
| US20170306531A1 (en) | 2017-10-26 |
| CA2946782A1 (en) | 2015-09-24 |
| ES2877354T3 (es) | 2021-11-16 |
| EP3119931B1 (de) | 2021-04-21 |
| CN113529193A (zh) | 2021-10-22 |
| RU2016140728A (ru) | 2018-04-20 |
| US10851477B2 (en) | 2020-12-01 |
| CN110863254A (zh) | 2020-03-06 |
| RU2666848C2 (ru) | 2018-09-12 |
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