CN106457806B - 多层薄膜及由其制造的制品 - Google Patents
多层薄膜及由其制造的制品 Download PDFInfo
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- CN106457806B CN106457806B CN201580030432.XA CN201580030432A CN106457806B CN 106457806 B CN106457806 B CN 106457806B CN 201580030432 A CN201580030432 A CN 201580030432A CN 106457806 B CN106457806 B CN 106457806B
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- Prior art keywords
- film
- polyethylene
- polymer blend
- propylene
- core layer
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Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
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- A61F13/45—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the shape
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种多层薄膜,其包含核心层和两个表层;其中所述核心层位于所述两个表层之间;其中所述核心层包含聚乙烯聚合物共混物,所述聚乙烯聚合物共混物包含以所述聚乙烯聚合物共混物重量计至少40%的密度为0.900‑0.940g/cc并且熔体指数为0.7‑6g/10min的基于乙烯的聚合物,其中所述聚乙烯聚合物共混物的总密度为约0.910‑0.950g/cc并且熔体指数为约0.7‑6g/10min;并且其中每个表层独立地包含基于丙烯的聚合物;并且其中所述多层薄膜进一步包含填料,所述填料存在于所述多层薄膜中的一或多层中。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请是非临时申请,其主张2014年6月12日申请的美国临时申请62/011227的优先权,美国临时申请62/011227的全部内容在此通过引用并入本文中。
技术领域
本公开内容的实施例总的来说涉及多层薄膜以及将多层薄膜应用于制造诸如例如超声波粘结的层压材料之类的制品。特别地,本公开内容涉及透气性多层薄膜。
背景技术
布状衬片变得越来越需要以用于诸如举例而言尿布、成人失禁产品以及女性卫生制品之类的卫生吸收产品,以提供诸如柔软度和低噪音之类的良好触感,同时仍然提供足够的阻隔性能来实现其含有液体的主要功能。布状衬片通常包括非纺织衬底和层压在一起的薄膜,并且根据所涉及的层压技术,衬片的触感可发生变化。存在几种不同的用于将薄膜与非纺织材料结合的层压技术,其可包括,例如,挤压涂敷、热熔性粘结剂、无溶剂粘结剂以及超声波粘结。每种层压技术具有其本身的特殊性。近年来,超声波粘结已经成为一种用于生产衬片的新兴层压技术;但它并非绝无挑战。使用超声波粘结时观察到的一主要挑战是,在非纺织衬底和薄膜使用不同类型的材料的情况下(例如,聚基于乙烯薄膜被层压在聚丙烯非纺织衬底),会不利地影响到粘合力,经常导致两者之间的粘结很差。另外还可导致小孔,它能破坏衬片的液体阻隔功能。
因此,需要可以为非纺织聚丙烯衬底提供良好粘合力的替代多层薄膜、以及包含多层薄膜的制品,所述制品具有诸如柔软度和低噪音之类的良好触感以及减少的小孔。还期望多层薄膜是透气性的,因为透气性薄膜会减少湿气的保留,这会有助于舒适性。
发明内容
本文实施例公开了多层薄膜。薄膜包含核心层和两个表层,其中核心层位于两个表层之间,其中核心层包含聚乙烯聚合物共混物,所述聚乙烯聚合物共混物包含以聚乙烯聚合物共混物重量计至少20%的基于乙烯的聚合物,其密度为0.900-0.940g/cc并且熔体指数为0.7-6g/10min、优选的熔体指数为0.7-6g/10min,其中聚乙烯聚合物共混物的总密度为约0.910-0.950g/cc并且熔体指数为约0.7-6g/10min,并且其中每个表层独立地包含基于丙烯的聚合物。在本文实施例中,多层薄膜可以是基于聚乙烯的。在一些实施例中,多层薄膜中的至少一层是透气性的,即,它含有有效量的填料从而赋予多层薄膜透气性。在一个实施例中,多层薄膜中的每一层含有有效量的填料,使得对薄膜进行拉伸时能够赋予其透气性。填料被结合到相应的各层中之后,对所述层进行拉伸(还被称为拉长)从而赋予多层薄膜透气性。拉长可以是单轴的或双轴的。
在一些实施例中,多层薄膜中的一或多层包含填料。填料包含金属氧化物、金属氢氧化物或其组合。填料可以是多孔的或无孔的。碳酸钙是优选的填料。
在一些实施例中,透气性薄膜通过以下制造:将填料与所需聚合物共混;挤压相应的核心层和表层;将相应的层彼此粘结以形成薄膜;以及加热并持续地拉长薄膜从而为薄膜提供多微孔。
在本文的一些实施例中,聚乙烯聚合物共混物进一步包含低密度聚乙烯,其密度为约0.915-0.930g/cc并且熔体指数为约1-15g/10min。在本文的一些实施例中,聚乙烯聚合物共混物包含以聚乙烯聚合物共混物重量计小于30%的低密度聚乙烯。在本文的一些实施例中,聚乙烯聚合物共混物进一步包含密度为约0.930-0.965g/cc并且熔体指数为约1-10g/10min的介质或高密度聚乙烯。在本文的一些实施例中,聚乙烯聚合物共混物包含以聚乙烯聚合物共混物重量计10%到30%的介质或高密度聚乙烯。在本文的一些实施例中,聚乙烯聚合物共混物进一步包含以聚乙烯聚合物共混物重量计5%到15%的密度为约0.915-0.930g/cc并且熔体指数为约1-15g/10min的低密度聚乙烯,以及以聚乙烯聚合物共混物重量计10%到25%的密度为约0.930-0.965g/cc并且熔体指数为约1-10g/10min的介质或高密度聚乙烯。
在本文的一些实施例中,基于丙烯的聚合物包含聚丙烯聚合物共混物,其进一步包含具有约0.915-0.930g/cc的密度和约1-15g/10min的熔体指数的低密度聚乙烯。
在本文的一些实施例中,核心层占总薄膜厚度的约50%到约80%。在本文的一些实施例中,两表层具有相同的厚度。在一些实施例中,两表层可以具有不同的厚度。在本文的一些实施例中,每个表层进一步包含能够使聚乙烯与聚丙烯聚合物的共混物相容的相容剂。在本文的一些实施例中,相容剂包含聚烯烃塑性体或聚烯烃弹性体。
在本文的一些实施例中,薄膜具有约5-40gsm之间的基本重量。在本文的一些实施例中,薄膜展现以下特性中的至少一种:大于140g的spencer落镖冲击强度,在MD中大于约16,000psi、在CD中大于16,000psi的2%正割模量,在横向大于约1,700psi、在机器方向大于约2,000psi的断裂应力,或大于约15ft·lbf/in3的抗刺穿强度。在本文的一些实施例中,薄膜展现以下特性中的至少一种:当与在机器方向具有大于约16,000psi的2%正割模量的100%聚乙烯薄膜比较时小于5%的柔软度值差;在1,000Hz和5,000Hz之间的频带小于0.5dB的噪音值。
本文的实施例还公开了超声波粘结的层压材料。层压材料包含根据本文的一或多个实施例的多层薄膜,以及至少被部分超声波粘结到多层薄膜的非纺织衬底。在本文的一些实施例中,非纺织衬底由丙烯衬底料制造。在本文的一些实施例中,层压材料展现以下特性中的至少一种:大于约0.3lbf/in的剥离强度值或大于20mbar的静水压力。在一些实施例中,层压材料从非纺织衬底剥离的强度为至少0.3lbf/in,优选至少0.5lbf/in,优选至少1lbf/in,优选至少1.5lbf/in,以及更优选至少2lbf/in。剥离强度可以至少高达5lbf/in。
各实施例的额外特征和优点会在下面的详细说明中阐述,并且本领域技术人员借助于该描述很容易理解,或通过实施本文所述的实施例,包括下面的详细说明、权利要求、以及附图,很容易认识其部分内容。
应理解,前述或以下说明都描述了各种实施例,并且意在提供概要或框架用于理解所要求保护的主题的本质和性能。所包括的附图是为了提供对各实施例的进一步理解,而且被包括到本说明书中且构成本说明书的一部分。附图说明了本文描述的不同实施方式,并且与说明书一起用于解释所要求保护的主题的原理和操作。
附图说明
图1图示地描绘了根据本文示出或描述的一或多个实施例的多层薄膜的剥离强度和粘结强度,用以与对比薄膜进行比较。
具体实施方式
下面详细参考透气性多层薄膜(以下称为“多层薄膜”)和超声波粘结层压材料的实施例,其实例在附图中被进一步描述。可使用多层薄膜来生产布状衬片。但要注意,这只是本文公开的各实施例的示例性实施。各实施例可应用于受到与以上所述的那些类似的问题影响的其它技术。例如,用于生产布状抹布、面膜、手术袍、面纸、绷带以及伤口敷材的多层薄膜明显在本实施例的范围内。如本文所使用,“多层薄膜”是指具有两或更多层的薄膜,其为至少部分相接的,并且优选地但任选地,其为共延的。
在本文实施例中,多层薄膜包含核心层和两个表层。核心层位于两个表层之间。应注意,多层薄膜的表层不是非纺织材料。在一个实施例中,核心层可包含多于两层或多于三层或多于五层。如上所述,多层薄膜的一或多层是透气性的。在一些实施例中,多层薄膜所有的层都是透气性的。通过将填料加入各层然后将一或多层拉伸从而使得多层薄膜中的一或多层产生透气性。各层的拉伸被称为层的活化,并且它会在薄膜中产生微-多孔性。微-多孔性赋予薄膜透气性。填料是无机材料。在示范性的实施例中,填料为碳酸钙。
在一实施例中,多层薄膜可包含单个核心层和单个表层,它们中的至少一个是透气性的。单个表层称为第一层。第一层的第一表面被粘结到核心层,而它的第二表面(它与第一表面相对)则被粘结到非纺织衬底。这稍后将被详述。
在一些实施例中,多层薄膜可包含一或多个附加层,例如结构层、阻隔层或结合层,其位于核心层和每个表层之间。各种材料都可被用于这些层,并可包括聚基于丙烯塑性体或弹性体、乙烯/乙烯醇(EVOH)共聚物、聚偏氯乙烯(PVDC)、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)、取向聚丙烯(OPP)、乙烯/乙酸乙烯酯(EVA)共聚物、乙烯/丙烯酸(EAA)共聚物、乙烯/甲基丙烯酸(EMAA)共聚物、聚丙烯酰亚胺、丙烯酸丁酯、过氧化物(例如,过氧聚合物,例如,过氧烯烃)、硅烷(例如,环氧硅烷)、反应性聚苯乙烯、氯代聚乙烯、烯烃嵌段共聚物、丙烯共聚物、丙烯-乙烯共聚物、ULDPE、LLDPE、HDPE、MDPE、LMDPE、LDPE、离聚物以及接枝改性聚合物(例如,马来酸酐接枝聚乙烯)。
核心层包含聚乙烯聚合物共混物,聚乙烯聚合物共混物包含基于乙烯的聚合物。每个表层独立地包含基于丙烯的聚合物。基于丙烯的聚合物可以是丙烯均聚物、聚丙烯聚合物共混物或丙烯共聚物。
在本文实施例中,多层薄膜可以是基于聚乙烯的。如本文所使用,与多层薄膜相关的“基于聚乙烯的”意思是多层薄膜主要(即,以多层薄膜总重量计大于50%)包含聚乙烯树脂。“聚乙烯”是指乙烯均聚物或乙烯与一种或多种共聚单体的共聚物,所述共聚物的大部分聚合物单元衍生自乙烯。本文还公开了包含多层薄膜的超声波粘结的层压材料。
两表层与核心层的厚度比例可以是适合赋予薄膜良好超声波粘结性能的比例。在一些实施例中,两个表层与核心层的厚度比例可以是1:10到1:1。在其它实施例中,两个表层与核心层的厚度比例可以是1:5到1:1。在进一步的实施例中,两个表层与核心层的厚度比例可以是1:4到1:2。两个表层与核心层的厚度比例还可以借由百分比记录。例如,在一些实施例中,核心层占总薄膜厚度的大于50%到90%。在其它实施例中,核心层占总薄膜厚度的60%到85%。在进一步的实施例中,核心层占总薄膜厚度的65%到80%。在本文实施例中,两个表层可具有相同的厚度,或者另外,可具有不同的厚度。
核心层
核心层包含聚乙烯聚合物共混物。如本文所使用,“聚乙烯聚合物共混物”是指两种或多种聚乙烯聚合物的混合物。聚乙烯聚合物共混物可以是不互溶的、互溶的或兼容的。两或更多种聚乙烯聚合物的每种都包含以重量计大于50%的它的衍生自乙烯单体的单元。这可以包括聚乙烯均聚物或共聚物(意思是单体衍生自两或更多种共聚单体)。在本文实施例中,聚乙烯聚合物共混物包含至少30wt.%的核心层。在一些实施例中,聚乙烯聚合物共混物可包含至少35wt.%的核心层、至少40wt.%的核心层、至少50wt.%的核心层或至少55wt.%的核心层。
在本文实施例中,聚乙烯聚合物共混物可具有0.910-0.950g/cc的总密度。0.910到0.950g/cc的所有各别值和子范围都包括在本文中并公开于本文中。例如,在一些实施例中,聚乙烯聚合物共混物具有0.915-0.930g/cc的总密度。在其它实施例中,聚乙烯聚合物共混物具有0.920-0.930g/cc的总密度。在进一步的实施例中,聚乙烯聚合物共混物具有0.920-0.940g/cc的总密度。本文公开的基于乙烯的聚合物的密度根据ASTM D-792来测定。
聚乙烯聚合物共混物可具有约0.7-6g/10min的总熔体指数。0.7到6g/10min的所有各别值和子范围都包括在本文中并公开于本文中。例如,在一些实施例中,聚乙烯聚合物共混物具有2-6g/10min的熔体指数。在其它实施例中,聚乙烯聚合物共混物具有3-6g/10min的熔体指数。在进一步的实施例中,聚乙烯聚合物共混物具有4-6g/10min的熔体指数。基于乙烯的聚合物的熔体指数或I2根据ASTM D1238在190℃、2.16kg下测定。
聚乙烯聚合物共混物包含以聚乙烯聚合物共混物重量计至少40%的基于乙烯的聚合物。在一些实施例中,聚乙烯聚合物共混物包含以聚乙烯聚合物共混物重量计至少50%、至少55%、至少60%、至少65%、至少70%、至少75%、至少80%或至少85%的基于乙烯的聚合物。基于乙烯的聚合物具有缺乏可测量的或可证实的长链分支的聚合物骨架。如本文所使用,“长链支化”意思是具有的链长大于任何短链分支的分支,这是引入共聚单体的结果。长链分支可与聚合物骨架的长度大约相同或相同。在一些实施例中,基于乙烯的聚合物被0.01长链分支/1000碳到3长链分支/1000碳、0.01长链分支/1000碳到1长链分支/1000碳、0.05长链分支/1000碳到1长链分支/1000碳的平均值取代。在其它实施例中,基于乙烯的聚合物被小于1长链分支/1000碳、小于0.5长链分支/1000碳、或小于0.05长链分支/1000碳、或小于0.01长链分支/1000碳的平均值取代。长链支化(LCB)可通过诸如13C核磁共振(13C NMR)光谱之类的工业中已知的常规技术来测定,并可使用,例如,Randall法(Rev.Macromol.Chem.Phys.,C29(2&3),p.285-297)来定量。可用的其它两个方法包括使用小角激光散射检测器(GPC-LALLS)的凝胶渗透色谱法和使用差示粘度检测器(GPC-DV)的凝胶渗透色谱法。这些技术在长链分支检测中的使用以及所依据的理论在文献中已有详细记载。请参见,例如,Zimm,B.H.和Stockmayer,W.H.,J.Chem.Phys.,17,1301(1949)和RudinA.,《聚合物表征的现代方法》,John Wiley&Sons,New York(1991),第103-112页。
在一些实施例中,基于乙烯的聚合物可被均匀地支化或非均匀地支化且/或是单峰或多峰(例如,二峰)聚乙烯。基于乙烯的聚合物包含乙烯均聚物、共聚物或衍生自乙烯的单元和至少一种共聚单体及其共混物。合适的共聚单体的实例可包括α-烯烃。合适的α-烯烃可包括含有3到20个碳原子(C3-C20)的那些。例如,α-烯烃可以是C4-C20α-烯烃、C4-C12α-烯烃、C3–C10α-烯烃、C3–C8α-烯烃、C4-C8α-烯烃、或C6-C8α-烯烃。在一些实施例中,基于乙烯的聚合物为乙烯/α-烯烃共聚物,其中α-烯烃选自由以下组成的群组:丙烯、1-丁烯、1-戊烯、1-己烯、4-甲基-1-戊烯、1-庚烯、1-辛烯、1-壬烯以及1-癸烯。在其它实施例中,基于乙烯的聚合物为乙烯/α-烯烃共聚物,其中α-烯烃选自由以下项组成的群组:丙烯、1-丁烯、1-己烯以及1-辛烯。在进一步的实施例中,基于乙烯的聚合物为乙烯/α-烯烃共聚物,其中α-烯烃选自由以下项组成的群组:1-己烯和1-辛烯。在更进一步的实施例中,基于乙烯的聚合物为乙烯/α-烯烃共聚物,其中α-烯烃为1-辛烯。在更进一步的实施例中,基于乙烯的聚合物基本上是线性乙烯/α-烯烃共聚物,其中α-烯烃为1-辛烯。在一些实施例中,基于乙烯的聚合物为乙烯/α-烯烃共聚物,其中α-烯烃为1-丁烯。
乙烯/α-烯烃共聚物可包含以重量计至少50%(例如,至少60%、至少70%、至少80%、至少90%、至少92%、至少95%、至少97%)的衍生自乙烯的单元;以及以重量计小于30%的衍生自一种或多种α-烯烃共聚单体的单元,例如,以重量计小于25%、小于20%、小于15%、小于10%、小于5%、小于3%。
合适的基于乙烯的聚合物的其它实例包括基本上线性的乙烯聚合物,其在美国专利号5,272,236、美国专利号5,278,272、美国专利号5,582,923以及美国专利号5,733,155中被进一步定义;均匀支化的线性乙烯聚合物组合物,例如是美国专利号3,645,992中的那些;非均匀支化的乙烯聚合物,例如是根据美国专利号4,076,698公开的方法制备的那些;和/或它们的共混物(例如在美国专利号3,914,342或美国专利号5,854,045中公开的那些)。在一些实施例中,基于乙烯的聚合物可以是线性低密度(LLDPE)聚合物或基本上LLDPE聚合物,并可包括由陶氏化学公司销售的AFFINITYTM树脂、ELITETM树脂、或ATTANETM树脂,其包括ELITETM 5230G树脂、ATTANETM 4404树脂、ATTANETM 4202树脂、或AFFINITYTM 1840树脂;DOWLEXTM 2247树脂;或由埃克松美孚公司销售的EXCEEDTM树脂,其包括EXCEEDTM 3518树脂或EXCEEDTM 4518树脂;以及由埃克松美孚公司销售的EXACTTM树脂,其包括EXACTTM 3024。
基于乙烯的聚合物可通过气相、液相或淤浆聚合工艺或它们的任意组合并使用本领域已知的任何类型的反应器或反应器配置来制造,这些反应器配置是例如,气相流化床反应器、回路反应器、搅拌釜反应器、并联、串联间歇反应器和/或它们的任意组合。在一些实施例中,使用气相或淤浆相反应器。合适的基于乙烯的聚合物可根据在WO2005/111291A1中第15-17页和20-22页描述的方法来生产,WO2005/111291A1通过引用并入本文。用于制造本文所述的基于乙烯的聚合物的催化剂可包括Ziegler-Natta、茂金属、限定几何、或单位点催化剂。在一些实施例中,基于乙烯的聚合物可以是LLDPE,例如,znLLDPE(它指的是使用Ziegler-Natta催化剂制造的线性聚乙烯)、uLLDPE或“超线性低密度聚乙烯”(它可包括使用Ziegler-Natta催化剂制造的线性聚乙烯)、或mLLDPE(它指的是使用茂金属或限定几何催化的聚乙烯制造的LLDPE)。
在本文实施例中,基于乙烯的聚合物具有0.900-0.940g/cc的密度。0.900到0.940g/cc的所有各别值和子范围都包括在本文中并公开于本文中。例如,在一些实施例中,基于乙烯的聚合物具有0.910-0.925g/cc的密度。在其它实施例中,基于乙烯的聚合物具有0.900-0.920g/cc的密度。在进一步的实施例中,基于乙烯的聚合物具有0.910-0.920g/cc的密度。本文公开的密度根据ASTM D-792来测定。
在本文实施例中,基于乙烯的聚合物具有0.7-6g/10min的熔体指数或I2。0.7到6g/10min的所有各别值和子范围都包括在本文中并公开于本文中。例如,在一些实施例中,基于乙烯的聚合物具有2-5g/10min的熔体指数。在其它实施例中,基于乙烯的聚合物具有2.5-4.5g/10min的熔体指数。基于乙烯的聚合物的熔体指数,或I2,根据ASTMD1238在190℃、2.16kg测定。
本文公开的基于乙烯的聚合物可具有大于100ft·lbf/in3的抗刺穿强度。大于100ft·lbf/in3的所有各别值和子范围都包括在本文中并公开于本文中。例如,在一些实施例中,基于乙烯的聚合物具有大于125ft·lbf/in3的抗刺穿强度。在其它实施例中,基于乙烯的聚合物具有大于150ft·lbf/in3的抗刺穿强度。在进一步的实施例中,基于乙烯的聚合物具有大于175ft·lbf/in3的抗刺穿强度。在更进一步的实施例中,基于乙烯的聚合物具有大于200ft·lbf/in3的抗刺穿强度。抗刺穿强度可如在以下测试方法中所述来测量。
本文公开的基于乙烯的聚合物可具有大于100g的spencer落镖冲击。大于100g的所有各别值和子范围都包括在本文中并公开于本文中。例如,在一些实施例中,基于乙烯的聚合物具有大于115g的spencer落镖冲击。在其它实施例中,基于乙烯的聚合物具有大于125g的spencer落镖冲击。在进一步的实施例中,基于乙烯的聚合物具有大于135g的spencer落镖冲击。在更进一步的实施例中,基于乙烯的聚合物具有大于150g的spencer落镖冲击。Spencer落镖冲击可如以下测试方法所述来测量。
在一个实施例中,基于乙烯的聚合物为Ziegler-Natta催化的乙烯和辛烯的共聚物,其具有约0.900g/cc到约0.940g/cc的密度。在另一个实施例中,基于乙烯的聚合物为单位点催化的多峰LLDPE。
在本文实施例中,聚乙烯聚合物共混物可进一步包含以聚乙烯聚合物共混物重量计0到30%的低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)。0到30%的所有各别值和子范围都包括在本文中并公开于本文中。例如,在一些实施例中,聚合物共混物可进一步包含以聚乙烯聚合物共混物重量计5到20%的低密度聚乙烯。在其它实施例中,聚合物共混物可进一步包含以聚乙烯聚合物共混物重量计5到15%的低密度聚乙烯。在进一步的实施例中,聚合物共混物可进一步包含以聚乙烯聚合物共混物重量计10到15%的低密度聚乙烯。
在本文实施例中,聚乙烯聚合物共混物中存在的LDPE可具有约0.915-0.930g/cc的密度。0.915到0.930g/cc的所有各别值和子范围都包括在本文中并公开于本文中。例如,在一些实施例中,LDPE具有0.915-0.925g/cc的密度。在其它实施例中,LDPE具有0.915-0.920g/cc的密度。在本文实施例中,在聚乙烯聚合物共混物中存在的LDPE具有0.2-15g/10min的熔体指数。0.2到15g/10min的所有各别值和子范围都包括在本文中并公开于本文中。例如,在一些实施例中,LDPE具有1-12g/10min的熔体指数。在其它实施例中,LDPE具有5-10g/10min的熔体指数。
在聚乙烯聚合物共混物中存在的LDPE可具有大于5cN的熔体强度。大于5cN的所有各别值和子范围都包括在本文中并公开于本文中。例如,在一些实施例中,LDPE具有6-15cN的熔体强度。在其它实施例中,LDPE具有6-14cN的熔体强度。在进一步的实施例中,LDPE具有6-12cN的熔体强度。在进一步的实施例中,LDPE具有6-10cN的熔体强度。在更进一步的实施例中,LDPE具有6-18cN的熔体强度。
LDPE可包括支化的互聚物,其在高压釜或管式反应器中、在高于14,500psi(100MPa)的压力下、在使用诸如过氧化物(请参见,例如通过引用并入本文的美国专利号4,599,392)之类的自由基引发剂的情况下被部分或全部均聚或共聚。合适的LDPE的实例可包括但不限于乙烯均聚物和高压共聚物,其包括与例如乙酸乙烯酯、丙烯酸乙酯、丙烯酸丁酯、丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、一氧化碳、或其组合互聚的乙烯。示范性的LDPE树脂可包括由陶氏化学公司销售的树脂,例如LDPE 722、LDPE 5004和LDPE 621i。通过引用并入本文的WO2005/023912描述了其它示范性的LDPE树脂。
在本文实施例中,聚乙烯聚合物共混物可进一步包含以聚乙烯聚合物共混物重量计0到30%的中密度聚乙烯(MDPE)或高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)。0到30%的所有各别值和子范围都包括在本文中并公开于本文中。例如,在一些实施例中,聚合物共混物可进一步包含以聚乙烯聚合物共混物重量计5到25%的中密度或高密度聚乙烯。在其它实施例中,聚合物共混物可进一步包含以聚乙烯聚合物共混物重量计15到25%的中密度或高密度聚乙烯。在进一步,的实施例中,聚合物共混物可进一步包含以聚乙烯聚合物共混物重量计20到25%的中密度或高密度聚乙烯。
在本文实施例中,可在聚乙烯聚合物共混物中存在的MDPE或HDPE可具有约0.930-0.965g/cc的密度。0.930到0.965g/cc的所有各别值和子范围都包括在本文中并公开于本文中。例如,在一些实施例中,MDPE或HDPE具有0.940-0.965g/cc的密度。在其它实施例中,MDPE或HDPE具有0.940-0.960g/cc的密度。在进一步的实施例中,MDPE或HDPE具有0.945-0.955g/cc的密度。在本文实施例中,可在聚乙烯聚合物共混物中存在的MDPE或HDPE可具有1-10g/10min的熔体指数。1到10g/10min的所有各别值和子范围都包括在本文中并公开于本文中。例如,在一些实施例中,MDPE或HDPE具有2-10g/10min的熔体指数。在其它实施例中,MDPE或HDPE具有3-8g/10min的熔体指数。在进一步的实施例中,MDPE或HDPE具有5-7g/10min的熔体指数。
MDPE或HDPE可在各种商业可用的连续反应工艺中生产,特别是包含串联或并联的两或更多个单独反应器并使用淤浆、液相或气相工艺技术或混合反应系统(例如淤浆和气相反应器的组合)的那些。示范性的工艺可在通过引用并入本文的美国专利4,076,698中找到。另外,MDPE或HDPE聚合物还可通过两或更多种不同聚乙烯树脂的离线共混来生产。例如,在一些实施例中,常规单峰Ziegler-Natta MDPE或HDPE可被与多峰Ziegler-NattaMDPE或HDPE共混。但是可以预见,各种HDPE聚合物可用另外的催化剂系统来生产,例如茂金属、后-茂金属或铬-基催化剂。示范性的MDPE或HDPE树脂可包括由陶氏化学公司销售、商品名为HDPE 5962B、DMDA8007NT 7、AGILITYTM 6047G和DOWLEXTM 2027G的树脂。
在一些实施例中,聚乙烯聚合物共混物包含以聚乙烯聚合物共混物重量计至少70%的基于乙烯的聚合物,其具有0.900-0.940g/cc的密度和0.7-6g/10min的熔体指数,并进一步包含以聚乙烯聚合物共混物重量计5%到15%的LDPE,其具有约0.915-0.930g/cc的密度和约0.2-15g/10min的熔体指数。在其它实施例中,聚乙烯聚合物共混物包含以聚乙烯聚合物共混物重量计至少70%的基于乙烯的聚合物,其具有0.900-0.940g/cc的密度和0.7-6g/10min熔体指数,并进一步包含以聚乙烯聚合物共混物重量计15%到25%的中密度或高密度聚乙烯,其具有约0.930-0.965g/cc的密度和约1-10g/10min的熔体指数。在进一步的实施例中,聚乙烯聚合物共混物包含以聚乙烯聚合物共混物重量计至少70%的基于乙烯的聚合物,其具有0.900-0.940g/cc的密度和0.7-6g/10min的熔体指数,并进一步包含以聚乙烯聚合物共混物重量计5%到15%的LDPE,其具有约0.915-0.930g/cc的密度和约0.2-15g/10min的熔体指数,以及以聚乙烯聚合物共混物重量计15%到25%的中密度或高密度聚乙烯,其具有约0.930-0.965g/cc的密度和约1-10g/10min的熔体指数。当然要理解,前述数量、密度范围、以及熔体指数范围都是示范性的,并且如本文之前所述的其它数量、密度范围、以及熔体指数范围可被结合到本文的各个实施例。
在本文实施例中,聚乙烯聚合物共混物可通过各种方法形成。例如,它可通过将各聚合物成分共混或混合在一起来制造。共混或混合可通过本领域已知的任何合适的混合方法来实现,包括各单独成分的熔体共混或干/物理共混。另外,聚乙烯聚合物共混物可在单独反应器或多反应器配置中制造,所述多反应器可被串联或并联排列,并且每次聚合发生在溶液、淤浆、或气相中。应理解,可利用其它合适的方法来将各聚合物成分共混或混合在一起。
核心层可任选地包含一种或多种添加剂。此类添加剂可包括但不限于抗氧化物(例如,诸如由Ciba Geigy提供的1010或1076之类的受阻酚类物质)、亚磷酸酯(例如,168,也由Ciba Geigy提供)、粘连添加剂(例如,PIB(聚异丁烯))、Standostab PEPQTM(由Sandoz提供)、颜料、着色剂、填料(例如,碳酸钙、滑石、云母、高岭土、珍珠岩、硅藻土、白云石、碳酸镁、硫酸钙、硫酸钡、玻璃珠、聚合物珠、陶瓷珠、天然和合成硅石、三水氧化铝、三水氧化镁、硅灰石、晶须、木粉、木质素、淀粉)、TiO2、抗静电添加剂、阻燃剂、杀虫剂、抗菌剂、以及澄清剂/成核剂(例如,HYPERFORMTM HPN-20E,MILLADTM3988,MILLADTM NX 8000,购自Milliken Chemical)。一种或多种添加剂可以本领域通常使用的含量被包括在聚乙烯聚合物共混物中,以实现它们所期望的用途。在一些实例中,所包括的一种或多种添加剂的量的范围占聚乙烯聚合物共混物的0-10wt.%、聚乙烯聚合物共混物的0-5wt.%、聚乙烯聚合物共混物的0.001-5wt.%、聚乙烯聚合物共混物的0.001-3wt.%、聚乙烯聚合物共混物的0.05-3wt.%、或聚乙烯聚合物共混物的0.05-2wt.%。
在一实施例中,核心层可包含至少30wt%的赋予多层薄膜透气性的填料。这将在后面详细讨论。
表层
每个表层独立地包含基于丙烯的聚合物。表层不是非纺织材料。基于丙烯的聚合物可以是丙烯均聚物、聚丙烯聚合物共混物或丙烯共聚物。基于丙烯的聚合物包含主要重量百分比的聚合丙烯单体(基于聚合单体的总量)和任选地一种或多种共聚单体。
丙烯均聚物可以是等规立构的、无规立构的或间规立构的。在一些实施例中,丙烯均聚物是等规立构的。每个表层可独立地包含至少30wt.%的丙烯均聚物,优选至少40.wt.%的丙烯均聚物,优选至少50wt.%的丙烯均聚物,优选至少55wt.%的丙烯均聚物。
如本文所使用,“聚丙烯聚合物共混物”是指含有大于50wt.%的基于丙烯的聚合物的混合物。聚丙烯聚合物共混物的成分可以是彼此之间不互溶的、互溶的或兼容的。在一些实施例中,每个表层可独立地包含至少30wt.%的聚丙烯聚合物共混物,优选至少40wt.%的聚丙烯聚合物共混物,优选至少50wt.%的聚丙烯聚合物共混物,优选至少55wt.%的聚丙烯聚合物共混物。
如上所述,聚丙烯聚合物共混物包含以聚丙烯聚合物共混物重量计大于50wt.%的基于丙烯的聚合物。在一些实施例中,聚丙烯聚合物共混物包含以聚丙烯聚合物共混物重量计大于55wt.%、大于60wt.%、大于65wt.%、大于70wt.%、大于75wt.%、大于80wt.%、大于85wt.%、大于90wt.%、大于95wt.%、大于99wt.%或100wt.%的基于丙烯的聚合物。
丙烯共聚物可以是丙烯/烯烃共聚物(无规或嵌段)或丙烯抗冲共聚物。抗冲丙烯共聚物还可包括异相丙烯共聚物,其中聚丙烯为连续相,并且弹性体相在其中均匀分散。对于聚丙烯/烯烃共聚物,合适的烯烃共聚单体的非限制性实例包括乙烯、C4-C20α-烯烃(例如1-丁烯、1-戊烯、1-己烯、4-甲基-1-戊烯、1-庚烯、1-辛烯、1-癸烯或1-十二碳烯);C4-C20二烯烃(例如1,3-丁二烯、1,3-戊二烯、降冰片二烯、5-亚乙基-2-降冰片烯(ENB)和二环戊二烯);C8-C40乙烯基芳族化合物(例如苯乙烯、o-、m-、和p-甲基苯乙烯、二乙烯基苯、乙烯基联苯、乙烯基萘);以及卤素-取代的C8-C40乙烯基芳族化合物(例如氯代苯乙烯和氟代苯乙烯)。在一些实施例中,丙烯共聚物包括丙烯/乙烯、丙烯/1-丁烯、丙烯/1-己烯、丙烯/4-甲基-1-戊烯、丙烯/1-辛烯、或丙烯/乙烯/1-丁烯。每个表层可独立地包含至少30wt.%的丙烯共聚物,优选至少40wt.%的丙烯共聚物,优选至少50wt.%的丙烯共聚物,优选至少55wt.%的丙烯共聚物。
合适的聚丙烯可通过本领域技术人员已知的方法形成,例如,使用Ziegler-Natta催化剂、单位点催化剂(茂金属或限定几何构型)、或非-茂金属的以金属为中心的杂芳基配体催化剂。示范性的基于丙烯的聚合物树脂可包括可从美国埃克松美孚公司商购的PP3155、可从美国LyondellBasell Industries商购的聚丙烯6231、或可从美国陶氏化学公司商购、商品名为VERSIFYTM的树脂、VISTAMAXXTM(可从埃克松美孚化学公司商购)、可从Braskem商购、使用各种商品名和/或商标名的丙烯聚合物、(可从LyondellBasell商购)或Borealis BORSOFTTM(可从Denmark的Borealis商购)。
在本文实施例中,基于丙烯的聚合物具有0.1g/10min到100g/10min的熔体流动指数(MFR)。0.1g/10min到100g/10min的所有各别值和子范围都包括在本文中并公开于本文中。例如,在一些实施例中,基于丙烯的聚合物具有1g/10min到75g/10min、2g/10min到50g/10min、10g/10min到45g/10min或15g/10min到40g/10min的熔体流动指数,其根据ASTMD1238(230℃,2.16kg)来测量。在本文实施例中,基于丙烯的聚合物具有0.890到0.920g/cc的密度。0.890到0.920g/cc的所有各别值和子范围都包括在本文中并公开于本文中。例如,在一些实施例中,基于丙烯的聚合物具有0.900到0.920g/cc、或0.89到0.915g/cc的密度。密度可根据ASTM D-792来测量。
基于丙烯的聚合物可具有大于15,000psi的2%正割模量。2%正割模量是在机器方向(MD)和横向(CD)的正割模量的平均值,并可通过下式计算:
大于15,000psi的所有各别值和子范围都包括在本文中并公开于本文中。例如,在一些实施例中,基于丙烯的聚合物具有大于17,500psi的2%正割模量。在其它实施方式中,基于丙烯的聚合物具有大于20,000psi的2%正割模量。在进一步的实施例中,基于丙烯的聚合物具有大于27,500psi的2%正割模量。在更进一步的实施例中,基于丙烯的聚合物具有大于35,000psi的2%正割模量。在更进一步的实施例中,基于丙烯的聚合物具有15,000psi到50,000psi的2%正割模量。在更进一步的实施例中,基于丙烯的聚合物具有25,000psi到45,000psi的2%正割模量。在更进一步的实施例中,基于丙烯的聚合物具有30,000psi到45,000psi的2%正割模量。所述2%正割模量可根据ASTM 882来测量。
在本文的一些实施例中,聚丙烯聚合物共混物可进一步包含低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)。聚丙烯聚合物共混物可独立地包含5wt.%到30wt.%、10wt.%到30wt.%、或15wt.%到25wt.%的LDPE。在聚丙烯聚合物共混物中存在的LDPE具有约0.915-0.930g/cc的密度。从0.915到0.930g/cc的所有各别值和子范围都包括在本文中并公开于本文中。例如,在一些实施例中,LDPE具有0.915-0.925g/cc的密度。在其它实施例中,LDPE具有0.915-0.920g/cc的密度。在本文实施例中,在表层中存在的LDPE具有1-15g/10min的熔体指数。从1到15g/10min的所有各别值和子范围都包括在本文中并公开于本文中。例如,在一些实施例中,LDPE具有2-12g/10min的熔体指数。在其它实施例中,LDPE具有5-10g/10min的熔体指数。
在聚丙烯聚合物共混物中存在的LDPE可具有大于5cN的熔体强度。大于5cN的所有各别值和子范围都包括在本文中并公开于本文中。例如,在一些实施例中,LDPE具有6-15cN的熔体强度。在其它实施例中,LDPE具有6-14cN的熔体强度。在进一步的实施例中,LDPE具有6-12cN的熔体强度。在进一步的实施例中,LDPE具有6-10cN的熔体强度。在更进一步的实施例中,LDPE具有6-18cN的熔体强度。
在聚丙烯聚合物共混物中存在的LDPE可包括支化聚合物,其在高压釜或管式反应器中、在大于14,500psi(100MPa)的压力下、在使用诸如过氧化物(请参见,例如通过引用并入本文的美国专利号4,599,392)之类的自由基引发剂的情况下被部分或全部均聚或共聚。在聚丙烯聚合物共混物中存在的合适的LDPE的实例可包括但不限于乙烯均聚物和高压共聚物,其包括与例如乙酸乙烯酯、丙烯酸乙酯、丙烯酸丁酯、丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、一氧化碳或其组合互聚的乙烯。示范性的LDPE树脂可包括由陶氏化学公司销售的树脂,例如LDPE722、LDPE 5004、以及LDPE 621i。在通过引用并入本文的WO2005/023912中描述了其它示范性的LDPE树脂。
聚丙烯聚合物共混物可进一步包含能够使聚乙烯与聚丙烯聚合物的共混物相容的相容剂。合适的相容剂包括烯烃塑性体和弹性体,例如可商购获得、商品名为VERSIFYTM(来自陶氏化学公司)、SURPASSTM(来自Nova Chemicals)、以及VISTAMAXXTM(来自埃克松美孚公司)的基于乙烯和基于丙烯的共聚物。示范性的相容剂可包括VERSIFYTM 3401相容剂(来自陶氏化学公司)或VISTAMAXXTM 6202相容剂(来自埃克松美孚公司)。
每个表层可独立地包含一种或多种添加剂。此类添加剂可包括但不限于抗氧化剂(例如,诸如由Ciba Geigy提供的1010或1076之类的受阻酚类物质)、亚磷酸盐(例如,168,也由Ciba Geigy提供)、粘连添加剂(例如,PIB(聚异丁烯))、Standostab PEPQTM(由Sandoz提供)、颜料、着色剂、填料(例如,碳酸钙、云母、滑石、高岭土、珍珠岩、硅藻土、白云石、碳酸镁、硫酸钙、硫酸钡、玻璃珠、聚合物珠、陶瓷珠、天然和合成硅石、三水氧化铝、三水氧化镁、硅灰石、晶须、木粉、木质素、淀粉)、TiO2、抗静电添加剂、阻燃剂、滑爽剂、防粘连添加剂、杀虫剂、抗菌剂、以及澄清剂/成核剂(例如,可从Milliken Chemical商购获得的HYPERFORMTM HPN-20E、MILLADTM 3988、MILLADTM NX 8000)。一种或多种添加剂可以本领域通常使用的含量被包括在聚丙烯聚合物共混物中,以实现它们所期望的用途。在一些实例中,所包括的一种或多种添加剂的量的范围占聚丙烯聚合物共混物的0-10wt.%、聚丙烯聚合物共混物的0-5wt.%、聚丙烯聚合物共混物的0.001-5wt.%、聚丙烯聚合物共混物的0.001-3wt.%、聚丙烯聚合物共混物的0.05-3wt.%或聚丙烯聚合物共混物的0.05-2wt.%。
在一个实施例中,核心层可包含至少30wt%的赋予多层薄膜透气性的填料。这将在后面详细讨论。
多层薄膜
本文描述的多层薄膜可以是共挤薄膜。在一些实施例中,多层薄膜是共挤薄膜,其中表层中的至少一层被共挤至核心层。在其它实施例中,多层薄膜是共挤薄膜,其中表层中的一层(即,第一表层)被共挤至核心层,其它表层(即,第二表层)被共挤至核心层,并且两个被共挤的薄膜被层压在一起,使得核心层位于两个表层之间。在进一步的实施例中,多层薄膜是共挤薄膜,其中各表层被共挤至核心层。
薄膜可通过任意次数的工艺来制造,包括流延薄膜,其中聚合物被平面模挤塑并产生平面薄膜,或吹塑薄膜,其中聚合物被环形模挤压并产生薄膜管材,其被切开以产生平面薄膜。
在本文实施例中,多层薄膜可具有约10-20gsm的基本重量。从10到20gsm的所有各别值和子范围都包括在本文中并公开于本文中。例如,在一些实施例中,多层薄膜可具有约10-18gsm的基本重量。在其它实施例中,多层薄膜可具有约10-16gsm的基本重量。在进一步的实施例中,多层薄膜可具有约10-14gsm的基本重量。
在一些实施例中,本文描述的多层薄膜可展现以下特性中的至少一种:大于约160g(或者另外,大于170g或180g)的spencer落镖冲击;在MD大于约16,000psi(或者另外,大于17,000psi或18,000psi)和在CD大于16,000psi(或者另外,大于17,000psi)的2%正割模量;在横向大于约1,700psi(或者另外,大于约1,800psi或1,900psi)和在机器方向大于约2,000psi(或者另外,大于约2,100psi、2,200psi、或2,300psi)的断裂应力(也称为断裂载荷);或大于约30ft·lbf/in3(或者另外,35ft·lbf/in3或40ft·lbf/in3)的抗刺穿强度。在一些实施例中,本文描述的多层薄膜可展现以下特性中的至少一种:当与在MD具有大于约16,000psi的2%正割模量的100%聚乙烯薄膜比较时小于5%的柔软度值差,或在1,000Hz和5,000Hz之间的频带小于0.5dB的噪音值。柔软度值差(SVD)可按照下式计算:
其中参考薄膜是具有大于16,000psi的2%正割模量的100%聚乙烯薄膜。如本文所使用,“100%聚乙烯薄膜”是指由一种或多种聚合物组成的薄膜,所述聚合物含有大于50mol.%的聚合乙烯单体(基于聚合单体的总量)并任选地可含有至少一种共聚单体。不受理论的约束,据信一或多个性能由改进的薄膜结构和薄膜结构中每层膜的组分的改进的量产生,使得每种材料的关键属性都被包含。特别地,据信将特定量的聚丙烯结合到表层可促进粘合力,而在核心层选择特定的聚乙烯共混物可避免可在聚丙烯衬底和聚乙烯薄膜之间形成的小孔,同时仍提供对衬片而言必需的足够的强度和模量。还据信,通过选择某种聚乙烯聚合物来结合到核心层和表层,可改进触感性能,特别是噪音和柔软度。
层压材料
本文还描述了超声波粘结的层压材料。超声波粘结的层压材料包含如本文之前所述的多层薄膜以及至少被部分超声波粘结到多层薄膜的非纺织衬底。如本文所使用,“非纺织衬底”包括非纺织网、非纺织织物以及在其中单根纤维或线互相交织(但不以规则的或重复的方式)的任何非纺织结构。本文描述的非纺织衬底可通过诸如例如空中沉积工艺、熔喷工艺、纺粘工艺以及包括粘结梳理网工艺的梳理工艺之类的各种工艺形成。如本文所使用,“超声波-粘结”包括超声波焊接。
非纺织网可包含诸如纺粘网、梳理网、气流生成网、射流喷网而成的网或熔喷网之类的单一网。但是,由于与用于制造非纺织织物的不同工艺和材料关联的相对长处和弱点,经常使用多于一层的组合结构以实现各种性能的更好平衡。此类结构经常以指定各层的字母来标识,例如SM表示由纺粘层和熔喷层组成的两层结构,SMS表示三层结构或更一般地SXnS结构,其中X可独立地为纺粘网、梳理网、气流生成网、射流喷网而成的网或熔喷网,并且n可为任何数字,但是由于使用目的n通常小于5。为了保持此类组合结构的结构完整性,各层必须被粘结到一起。普通粘结方法包括点粘结、粘合层压、以及本领域技术人员已知的其它方法。所有这些结构可被用于本文。
组成非纺织网的纤维为单组分纤维。优选地,除LDPE之外纤维表面还包含聚乙烯树脂。聚乙烯树脂可有利地为单位点催化的树脂(mLLDPE)或后茂金属催化的LLDPE或Ziegler-Natta催化的LLDPE、或HDPE或MDPE。如果使用单组分纤维,用于纤维的树脂优选地包含100%线性(包括“基本上线性”)的聚乙烯。
在本文实施例中,非纺织衬底由基于丙烯材料、100%聚乙烯、或聚乙烯/聚丙烯共混物制造。非纺织衬底不包括二组分非-纺织纤维,特别是具有带有聚乙烯壳的聚丙烯核心的那些。合适的基于丙烯材料的实例包括其中包含主要重量百分比的聚合丙烯单体(基于聚合单体的总量)、以及任选地一种或多种共聚单体的材料。这可包括丙烯均聚物(即聚丙烯)、丙烯共聚物、或其组合。丙烯共聚物可以是丙烯/烯烃共聚物。合适的烯烃共聚单体的非限制性实例包括乙烯、诸如1-丁烯、1-戊烯、1-己烯、4-甲基-1-戊烯、1-庚烯、1-辛烯、1-癸烯、或1-十二碳烯之类的C4-C20α-烯烃。在一些实施例中,基于丙烯材料是聚丙烯均聚物。
非纺织衬底可包含一或多层。所述一或多层可以是纺粘非-纺织层(S)、熔喷非-纺织层(M)、湿法生成的非-纺织层、气流生成的非-纺织层、通过任何非-纺织或熔纺法生产的网。在一些实施例中,非纺织衬底包含至少一个纺粘层(S)和至少一个熔喷层(M)。在其它实施例中,非纺织衬底包含至少一个纺粘层(S)和至少一个熔喷层(M)。非纺织衬底可具有以下结构中的一个:SSS、SM、SMS、SMMS、SSMMS或SSMMMS。最外面的纺粘层可包含选自由以下项组成的群组中的材料:纺粘均聚物聚丙烯(hPP)、纺粘非均匀支化的聚乙烯或普梳hPP。
本文所述的超声波粘结的层压材料可展现以下特性中的至少一种:大于0.4lbf/in、大于0.8lbf/in、大于1.0lbf/in、大于1.2lbf/in和更优选地大于2.0lbf/in的剥离强度值。不受理论的束缚,据信将特定量的聚丙烯结合到表层可促进粘合力,并且在核心层选择特定的聚乙烯共混物可在聚丙烯衬底和聚基于乙烯薄膜之间进行超声波粘结的工艺中避免或减少小孔。具有更多的小孔可使更多的水分通过层压材料从而导致更低的静水压力,而具有更少的小孔可由于通过的水分更少而导致更高的静水压力。
终端用途
本文描述的薄膜或超声波粘结的层压材料可用于各种应用。在一些实施例中,薄膜或层压材料可用于诸如尿布、训练裤以及成人失禁制品之类的卫生应用或其它类似的吸收性衣物应用。在其它实施例中,薄膜或层压材料可用于诸如医疗胶布、长衣、以及手术外衣之类的医疗应用或其它类似的织物(纺织或非纺织)应用。
薄膜或层压材料可以是透气性的或非-透气性的。如本文所使用,术语“透气性的”是指水蒸气可透过的材料。水蒸气透过率(WVTR)或湿气透过率(MVTR)以克每平方米每24小时来度量,并应被看做透气性的等同指标。术语“透气性的”是指具有大于约500g/m2/24h的最小WVTR(水蒸气透过率)的水蒸气可透过的材料。在一些实施例中,透气性大于约800g/m2/24h。在其它实施例中,透气性大于约1000g/m2/24h。在进一步的实施例中,透气性大于约1200g/m2/24h但至多2200g/m2/24h。
在一个方面,薄膜或层压材料的WVTR给出了所穿的材料有多舒服的指标。透气性薄膜层压材料的卫生应用经常期望地具有更高的WVTR,并且本文的薄膜或层压材料可具有超过约1,100g/m2/24h、1,500g/m2/24h、1,800g/m2/24h或甚至超过2,000g/m2/24h的WVTR。测定本文薄膜或层压材料的WVTR(水蒸气透过率)值的合适技术是由INDA(非纺织织物工业协会)标准化、代号为IST-70.4-99、名称为“通过非纺织和塑料薄膜使用防护薄膜和蒸汽压力传感器对水蒸气透过率的标准测试方法”的测试步骤,其通过引用被并入本文。INDA步骤提供了WVTR的测定、薄膜对水蒸气的通透性、并为均匀材料提供水蒸气渗透性系数。
透气性薄膜可通过将填料加到多层薄膜中的一或多层来获得。填料优选地为无机材料。填料可以是颗粒状的、纤维的或包括颗粒与纤维材料的组合。
透气性薄膜可通过加入如CaCO3、粘土、二氧化硅、矾土、矾土、氧化锆、二氧化铈、滑石、碳酸镁、硫酸钙、硫酸钡、多孔玻璃珠、多孔的聚合物珠、陶瓷珠、三水氧化铝、三水氧化镁、硅灰石晶须、木粉、木质素、淀粉、粘土或类似物或其组合这样的填料来获得,以便制造具有高WVTR的可透过湿气的薄膜,其需要诸如机器方向定向之类的后-定向处理或交指状或互相啮合辊(也称作“环辊轧”)的使用来在填料颗粒周围产生空穴(请参见,例如通过引用并入本文的WO2007/081548或WO1998/004397)。在此类薄膜中增强的湿气渗透是多微孔形态的结果。
此类薄膜通常用于尿布和成人失禁衬片薄膜这样的卫生应用以及诸如透气性的但液体不可透过的手术外衣之类的医疗应用,并可根据填料的水平和拉伸对厚度范围为0.2到1.5密耳厚度的薄膜产生大于500g/m2/24h、最高20,000g/m2/24h的WVTR值。
各层的任意一层中包括的填料的量为基于层总重量的15到70wt%、优选25到55wt%、更优选30到50wt%。在另一个实施例中,加入表层中的填料的量为以表层总重量计15到70wt%、优选25到55wt%、更优选30到50wt%。在示范性的实施例中,填料是碳酸钙并以以层总重量计40到50wt%的量存在于表层中。在示范性的实施例中,填料是碳酸钙。
其中多层薄膜和透气性的层在结合进填料后被拉伸或拉长。拉伸可在各层互相粘结到一起之后或在各层互相粘结到一起之前进行。在生产多层薄膜的过程中,多层薄膜可被拉伸一次或多次。在一些实施例中,多层薄膜在生产层压材料或其制品之前和/或之后被拉伸。拉伸可以是单轴的或双轴的。
测试方法
除非另有说明,使用以下测试方法。所有测试方法到本公开内容的申请日为止都是现有方法
密度
本文公开的基于乙烯和基于丙烯的聚合物的密度根据ASTM D-792来测定。
熔体指数
基于乙烯的聚合物的熔体指数或I2,根据ASTM D1238在190℃、2.16kg测定。
熔体流动速率
基于丙烯的聚合物的熔体流动速率或MFR,根据ASTM D1238在230℃、2.16kg测定。
熔体强度
熔体强度的测量在与Gottfert Rheotester 2000毛细管流变计连接的GottfertRheotens71.97(Inc.;Rock Hill,SC)上进行。聚合物熔体(约20-30克,球粒)被挤塑通过具有平面进入角度(180度)、毛细管直径为2.0mm、以及方位比(毛细管长度/毛细管直径)为15的毛细管铸模。将样品在190℃平衡10分钟后,活塞以0.265mm/s的速度运行。标准测试温度是190℃。将样品单轴地拉伸到位于模下方100mm处的一组加速夹,其加速度是2.4mm/s2。以作为夹辊的卷带导出速度的函数的方式记录拉力。熔融强度被记录为在线断裂前的平线区力(cN)。在熔融强度测量中使用以下条件:柱塞速度=0.265mm/s;轮盘加速度=2.4mm/s2;毛细管直径=2.0mm;毛细管长度=30mm;并且机筒直径=12mm。
2%正割模量/断裂应力
包括处于2%应力的正割模量和断裂应力的拉伸性能在机器方向和横向根据ASTMD882来测定。
Spencer落镖冲击强度
Spencer落镖测试根据ASTM D3420,步骤B来测定。
剥离强度
薄膜被超声波粘结到非纺织物以形成层压材料。样本尺寸为127mm×25.4mm。每个层压材料测量三个样本。剥离强度通过将薄膜从非纺织衬底分离来测定,并且是将各层分开所需能量的量度。薄膜被置于CRE拉伸测试机器(Instron)的可移动间隙中,而非纺织衬底则被置于固定180°平面中。以约304.8mm/min的速率将薄膜从非纺织衬底剥离。
抗刺穿强度
刺穿在拉伸测试机器上根据ASTM D5748来测量,以下除外:从片材切成尺寸为6英寸×6英寸的正方形样本;将样本夹在4英寸直径的圆形样本固定件上,并以10英寸/分钟的十字头速度将刺穿探针推入被夹薄膜的中心;探针为0.5英寸直径的抛光钢球,其在0.25英寸的支撑杆上;有一个7.7英寸的最大移动长度,以防止破坏测试夹具;没有隔距长度——在测试前,探针尽可能接近但不碰触样本。在样本中心进行单个厚度测量。总共测试五个样本来测定平均刺穿值。
噪音
噪音测试器设备包括隔音箱,其包含用以捕捉声音的麦克风MK 221以及NeutrixCortex Instruments的NC 10Audio Acoustic Analyzer。麦克风对具有频率(Hz)为20Hz-20,000Hz的信号敏感。麦克风位于音箱的中心,在10cm与薄膜表面水平对齐且在25cm与音箱顶部垂直对齐。隔音箱由铅做成,尺寸为53cm×53cm×53cm。薄膜被切成尺寸为10cm×10cm的样本。样本被固定在两个固定件上,第一固定件是固定的,第二固定件可移动以提供薄膜的弯曲移动。设备在真空中运行以获得背景噪音读数,其将在每个样本的噪音读数中被减去。在1/3倍频程收集数据。每个薄膜测量四个不同样本。
柔软度
“柔软度”或“手感”品质被视为织物材料由于表面摩擦产生的阻力、柔韧性、以及可压缩性的组合。Handle-O-Meter测试器(由Thwing-Albert Instrument Co.,WestBerlin,N.J.制造)使用线性可变差动变压器(LVDT)测量以上因子,以检测当迫使材料样本进入平行边缘的槽时刀片受到的阻力。样品被切成8in×8in的正方形样本。Handle-O-Meter槽的宽度被设为20mm。根据设备制造商测试手册的要求在每个样本的四个位置中的每个位置进行测量,并将四个测量值相加以给出单个样本以克-力计的总手感。然后将这个平均手感相对于样本重量和体积进行标准化。具有更低阻力值的样品被视为具有更好的柔软度。
实例
本文描述的实施例可通过以下非限制性实例来进一步说明。
实例1
该实例被执行来说明薄膜的透气性。三层薄膜按如下所述来制造。薄膜在具有200m/min的最大线速度、260℃的熔化温度、260℃的模温度、0.8密耳的模隙、以及9英寸的气隙的三层商用流延线上制造。多层薄膜具有14gsm的基本重量。核心层占总薄膜厚度的70%。每个表层占总薄膜厚度的15%。总薄膜厚度为1密耳。
测试样品包含两个对比样品(单层)和两个多层共挤样品。对比样品为单层薄膜。第一对比样品(样品#1)含有90wt%的可从Dow Chemicals商购的2036和10wt%的LDPE 722。第二对比样品(样品#2)也是单层薄膜,并含有55wt%的样品#1的组合物,其余的是碳酸钙,其量为以单层膜总重量计的45wt%。
共挤样品(本发明样品-样品#3和#4)为3层多层薄膜,每层含有45wt%的碳酸钙。表1显示样品#3和4的成分。样品#3和#4的每层都含有10wt%的LDPE 722。这未在表1中示出。
表1
*PP=聚丙烯
使用HiQ Dialog,样品全都被超声波粘结到非-纺织聚丙烯层压材料。超声波设备为VE 20MICROBOND CSI。以上详述的薄膜没有被拉伸。超声波粘结后,它们按以上详述进行剥离强度测试。图1示出了剥离测试结果。
从图1可以看出,不含有任何填料的样品(样品#1-其只含有LDPE和Dowlex 2036)在2000和2500牛顿之间的粘结力下具有1.5和2lbf/in之间的剥离强度。样品#2(其除了LDPE和Dowlex 2036之外还包含45wt%的碳酸钙)显示当使用2000和2500牛顿之间的力进行粘结时具有很低的剥离强度:低于0.5lbf/in。本发明样品-样品#3-其具有Dowlex核心和样品#4-其具有Elite核心,都显示在2000到2500牛顿的粘结力具有改进的剥离强度:大于或等于1lbf/in。这说明当使用1500牛顿或更大的粘结力时使用含有填料的聚丙烯表层产生了大于0.75lbf/in、优选大于1.0lbf/in、更优选大于1.2lbf/in的有益剥离强度。
总之,使用具有填料的聚丙烯表层产生了透气性多层薄膜,还产生了跟包含聚乙烯的单层薄膜相比改进的剥离强度。
虽然已显示并描述了本文的特定实施例,对本领域技术人员而言显而易见的是,在不偏离本文的精神和范围的情形下可进行各种改变和变型。因此有意识地在附加的权利要求书中包括本文范围内的所有此类改变和变型。
Claims (15)
1.一种多层薄膜,其包含:
核心层;和
两个表层;其中所述核心层位于所述两个表层之间;
其中所述核心层包含聚乙烯聚合物共混物,所述聚乙烯聚合物共混物包含以所述聚乙烯聚合物共混物重量计至少40%的密度为0.900-0.940g/cc并且熔体指数为0.7-6g/10min的基于乙烯的聚合物,其中所述聚乙烯聚合物共混物的总密度为0.910-0.950g/cc并且熔体指数为0.7-6g/10min;其中所述聚乙烯聚合物共混物包含低密度聚乙烯,所述低密度聚乙烯的量为所述聚乙烯聚合物共混物的直至15 wt%;并且
其中每个表层独立地包含基于丙烯的聚合物;其中所述基于丙烯的聚合物包含丙烯均聚物;嵌段丙烯/烯烃共聚物,所述嵌段丙烯/烯烃共聚物的存在量为每个表层的至少40wt%;或包含低密度聚乙烯的聚丙烯聚合物共混物;并且
其中所述多层薄膜进一步包含填料,所述填料存在于所述多层薄膜中的一或多层中。
2.根据权利要求1所述的薄膜,其中所述核心层和每个表层均含有所述填料。
3.根据权利要求1所述的薄膜,其中所述多层薄膜是多微孔的。
4.根据权利要求1所述的薄膜,其中所述核心层和所述表层被单轴或双轴拉长,并且其中所述薄膜的厚度为0.2到1.5密耳并显示大于500g/m2/24h的水蒸气透过率。
5.根据权利要求1所述的薄膜,其中所述基于丙烯的聚合物占以重量计所述聚丙烯聚合物共混物的大于60%,其中所述基于丙烯的聚合物进一步包含以重量计5%至30%的所述低密度聚乙烯。
6.根据权利要求5所述的薄膜,其中所述丙烯均聚物是等规立构的。
7.根据权利要求1所述的薄膜,其中所述基于丙烯的聚合物的熔体流动速率为2-50g/10min。
8.根据权利要求6所述的薄膜,其中所述聚丙烯共聚物是无规或嵌段丙烯/烯烃共聚物或丙烯抗冲共聚物。
9.根据权利要求1所述的薄膜,其中所述核心层占总薄膜厚度的50%到90%。
10.根据权利要求1所述的薄膜,其中所述两个表层具有相同的厚度。
11.根据权利要求1所述的薄膜,其中所述填料包含金属氧化物、金属氢氧化物或包含前述中的至少一种的组合。
12.根据权利要求1所述的薄膜,其中所述填料为碳酸钙,其以所述核心层的总重量或每个表层的总重量计30到70wt%的量存在。
13.一种超声波粘结层压材料,其包含:
根据权利要求1所述的多层薄膜;和
至少部分超声波粘结到所述多层薄膜的非纺织衬底。
14.根据权利要求13所述的层压材料,其中所述非纺织衬底由基于丙烯的材料制造,并且其中所述层压材料展现以下特性中的至少一种:
大于0.5lbf/in的剥离强度值;并且
其中所述薄膜的厚度为0.2到1.5密耳并显示大于500g/m2/24h的水蒸气透过率。
15.一种多层薄膜,其包含:
核心层;其中所述核心层包含聚乙烯聚合物共混物,所述聚乙烯聚合物共混物包含以所述聚乙烯聚合物共混物重量计至少40%的密度为0.900-0.940g/cc并且熔体指数为0.7-6g/10min的基于乙烯的聚合物,其中所述聚乙烯聚合物共混物的总密度为0.910-0.950g/cc并且熔体指数为0.7-6g/10min;其中所述聚乙烯聚合物共混物包含低密度聚乙烯,所述低密度聚乙烯的量为所述聚乙烯聚合物共混物的直至15 wt%;
与所述核心层接触的第一层;其中所述第一层包含基于丙烯的聚合物;其中所述基于丙烯的聚合物包含丙烯均聚物;嵌段丙烯/烯烃共聚物,所述嵌段丙烯/烯烃共聚物的存在量为所述第一层的至少40wt%;或包含低密度聚乙烯的聚丙烯聚合物共混物;其中所述核心层或所述第一层含有赋予所述多层薄膜透气性的填料;以及
非纺织衬底,其在跟与所述核心层接触的表面相对的表面上至少部分超声波粘结到所述第一层。
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CN (2) | CN106457807B (zh) |
AR (2) | AR100830A1 (zh) |
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BR112016029015B1 (pt) | 2021-07-27 |
EP3154776B1 (en) | 2022-01-19 |
CN106457806A (zh) | 2017-02-22 |
AR100866A1 (es) | 2016-11-09 |
CN106457806A8 (zh) | 2017-07-04 |
BR112016028848B1 (pt) | 2022-01-04 |
KR102309063B1 (ko) | 2021-10-08 |
KR102309064B1 (ko) | 2021-10-08 |
EP3154776A1 (en) | 2017-04-19 |
TWI737580B (zh) | 2021-09-01 |
TWI674971B (zh) | 2019-10-21 |
JP2020147043A (ja) | 2020-09-17 |
JP6993462B2 (ja) | 2022-01-13 |
AR100830A1 (es) | 2016-11-02 |
WO2015191944A1 (en) | 2015-12-17 |
BR112016029015A2 (pt) | 2017-08-22 |
EP3154777A1 (en) | 2017-04-19 |
CN106457807A (zh) | 2017-02-22 |
US20160000615A1 (en) | 2016-01-07 |
US20150360449A1 (en) | 2015-12-17 |
TW201601920A (zh) | 2016-01-16 |
JP6807836B2 (ja) | 2021-01-06 |
KR20170044614A (ko) | 2017-04-25 |
CN106457807B (zh) | 2021-02-05 |
BR112016028848A2 (pt) | 2017-08-22 |
TW201609412A (zh) | 2016-03-16 |
JP6963498B2 (ja) | 2021-11-10 |
JP2017517423A (ja) | 2017-06-29 |
JP2017517424A (ja) | 2017-06-29 |
KR20170044636A (ko) | 2017-04-25 |
WO2015191942A1 (en) | 2015-12-17 |
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