CN106457678A - 用于对层压物的多个层片进行热封合的方法和设备 - Google Patents

用于对层压物的多个层片进行热封合的方法和设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106457678A
CN106457678A CN201580025979.0A CN201580025979A CN106457678A CN 106457678 A CN106457678 A CN 106457678A CN 201580025979 A CN201580025979 A CN 201580025979A CN 106457678 A CN106457678 A CN 106457678A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
sealing
laminate
region
electrode
synusia
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Granted
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CN201580025979.0A
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English (en)
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CN106457678B (zh
Inventor
马丁·马赫
托马斯·伯默
塞巴斯蒂安·米库斯基
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Elopak Systems AG
Elopak AS
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Elopak Systems AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/914—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9161—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the heat or the thermal flux, i.e. the heat flux
    • B29C66/91651—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the heat or the thermal flux, i.e. the heat flux by controlling or regulating the heat generated by Joule heating or induction heating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/04—Dielectric heating, e.g. high-frequency welding, i.e. radio frequency welding of plastic materials having dielectric properties, e.g. PVC
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/18—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools
    • B29C65/24—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools characterised by the means for heating the tool
    • B29C65/30—Electrical means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/03—After-treatments in the joint area
    • B29C66/034—Thermal after-treatments
    • B29C66/0342—Cooling, e.g. transporting through welding and cooling zone
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/346—Making joints having variable thicknesses in the joint area, e.g. by using jaws having an adapted configuration
    • B29C66/3462—Making joints having variable thicknesses in the joint area, e.g. by using jaws having an adapted configuration by differentially heating the zones of different thickness
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/347—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined using particular temperature distributions or gradients; using particular heat distributions or gradients
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B29C66/43—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
    • B29C66/431—Joining the articles to themselves
    • B29C66/4312—Joining the articles to themselves for making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles, e.g. transversal seams
    • B29C66/43121—Closing the ends of tubular or hollow single articles, e.g. closing the ends of bags
    • B29C66/43122—Closing the top of gable top containers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/723—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered
    • B29C66/7232—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered comprising a non-plastics layer
    • B29C66/72327—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered comprising a non-plastics layer consisting of natural products or their composites, not provided for in B29C66/72321 - B29C66/72324
    • B29C66/72328—Paper
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
    • B29C66/73921—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic characterised by the materials of both parts being thermoplastics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8141—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/81411—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat
    • B29C66/81425—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat being stepped, e.g. comprising a shoulder
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
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    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8141—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/81433—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined being toothed, i.e. comprising several teeth or pins, or being patterned
    • B29C66/81435—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined being toothed, i.e. comprising several teeth or pins, or being patterned comprising several parallel ridges, e.g. for crimping
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/818—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects, or by the thermal or electrical insulating or conducting constructional aspects of the welding jaws or of the clamps ; comprising means for compensating for the thermal expansion of the welding jaws or of the clamps
    • B29C66/8181—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects, or by the thermal or electrical insulating or conducting constructional aspects of the welding jaws or of the clamps ; comprising means for compensating for the thermal expansion of the welding jaws or of the clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects
    • B29C66/81811—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects, or by the thermal or electrical insulating or conducting constructional aspects of the welding jaws or of the clamps ; comprising means for compensating for the thermal expansion of the welding jaws or of the clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects of the welding jaws
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/82—Pressure application arrangements, e.g. transmission or actuating mechanisms for joining tools or clamps
    • B29C66/824—Actuating mechanisms
    • B29C66/8242—Pneumatic or hydraulic drives
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/832—Reciprocating joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/8322—Joining or pressing tools reciprocating along one axis
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/84—Specific machine types or machines suitable for specific applications
    • B29C66/843—Machines for making separate joints at the same time in different planes; Machines for making separate joints at the same time mounted in parallel or in series
    • B29C66/8432—Machines for making separate joints at the same time mounted in parallel or in series
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/914—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9161—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the heat or the thermal flux, i.e. the heat flux
    • B29C66/91651—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the heat or the thermal flux, i.e. the heat flux by controlling or regulating the heat generated by Joule heating or induction heating
    • B29C66/91653—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the heat or the thermal flux, i.e. the heat flux by controlling or regulating the heat generated by Joule heating or induction heating by controlling or regulating the voltage, i.e. the electric potential difference or electric tension
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
    • B65B51/00—Devices for, or methods of, sealing or securing package folds or closures; Devices for gathering or twisting wrappers, or necks of bags
    • B65B51/10—Applying or generating heat or pressure or combinations thereof
    • B65B51/14—Applying or generating heat or pressure or combinations thereof by reciprocating or oscillating members
    • B65B51/144—Closing paperboard containers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
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    • B65B51/00—Devices for, or methods of, sealing or securing package folds or closures; Devices for gathering or twisting wrappers, or necks of bags
    • B65B51/10—Applying or generating heat or pressure or combinations thereof
    • B65B51/22—Applying or generating heat or pressure or combinations thereof by friction or ultrasonic or high-frequency electrical means, i.e. by friction or ultrasonic or induction welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
    • B65B51/00—Devices for, or methods of, sealing or securing package folds or closures; Devices for gathering or twisting wrappers, or necks of bags
    • B65B51/10—Applying or generating heat or pressure or combinations thereof
    • B65B51/22—Applying or generating heat or pressure or combinations thereof by friction or ultrasonic or high-frequency electrical means, i.e. by friction or ultrasonic or induction welding
    • B65B51/227—Applying or generating heat or pressure or combinations thereof by friction or ultrasonic or high-frequency electrical means, i.e. by friction or ultrasonic or induction welding by induction welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
    • B65B55/00—Preserving, protecting or purifying packages or package contents in association with packaging
    • B65B55/02—Sterilising, e.g. of complete packages
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/18—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
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Abstract

本发明涉及用于对层压物的多个层片进行热封合的方法和设备，层压物能尤其由用于容纳液态食品的屋顶型包装盒制成，其中，层压物包括由不导电材料例如纸板制成的载体层和在层压物的至少一个表面上的由热塑性材料例如聚乙烯制成的封合层。当层压物在封缄区域中的层片的数量发生变化时，在高频的交变电场中的热封合是成问题的。为了提供用于在高频的交变电场中对层压物的多个层片进行热封合的方法和设备，在其中避免了由于进入到层压物的待封合的层片中的过大或过小的热输入而引起的问题，根据本发明提出的是，以HF电压源的第一功率在封缄区域(70)的第一部分区域(71)中产生交变电场并且以HF电压源的不同于第一功率的第二功率在封缄区域(70)的至少一个第二部分区域(72)中产生交变电场，从而在封缄区域(70)的部分区域(71、72)上得到不同的热分布。在部分区域(71、72)中的不同的热分布能够实现有针对性地匹配在相应的部分区域(71、72)中所需要的热需求。

Description

用于对层压物的多个层片进行热封合的方法和设备
技术领域
本发明涉及根据权利要求1和8的前序部分所述的用于对层压物的多个层片进行热封合的方法和设备，其中，层压物包括由不导电的材料制成的载体层和在层压物的至少一个表面上的由热塑性材料制成的封合层。
背景技术
通常将层压物作为包装盒材料用于液态食品的包装盒，层压物包括由不导电的材料，尤其是纸或纸板，制成的载体层和由热塑性材料，尤其是热塑性塑料，如例如聚乙烯或聚丙烯，制成的封合层。热塑性材料相对含油的物质和酸是液密且具有抗性的。此外，热塑性材料是能热封合的，在其中，将由热塑性材料制成的彼此面对的封合层相对彼此地放置并且在封缄区域中同时压合层压物的多个层片的情况下通过应用热来彼此焊接。
将用于热封合的热从外面穿过层压物的层片引导到内置的封合层上。当包装盒在现代的灌装机中所需要的封合时间较短时很难能够准备足够的热输送。
只要层压物具有金属层，尤其是铝层，就能够通过感应来产生用于热封合的热，在其中，在用于压合层压物的层片的挤压梁中引入线圈，这些线圈在层压物的金属层中感应出电流并且加热这些金属层。通过热传导，使热从被加热的金属层传递到邻接的由热塑性材料制成的层上，这些层在热的作用下达到熔融的状态。
日益增多地将即使在没有金属层的情况下也具有气密的且保持香气的特性的层压物用于包装盒。因此存在有如下需求，即，即使在没有金属层的情况下在层压物中也有效地产生用于热封合的热。DE 23 24810提出的是，通过介电损耗产生热，当层压物在封缄区域中承受数量级为300至600MHz高频的交变电场时就出现了热。热损耗尤其是基于具有偶极子特性的分子在层压物的载体层的不导电材料中的定向极化。除了定向极化外还在交变电场中发生了离子极化和电子极化。
为了加温，层压物的层片在封缄区域中在电极与配对电极之间承受高频的交变场。两个电极形成电容器，其中，层压物的不导电材料形成电介质。
在高频的交变电场中进行的热封合过程通过如下参数来确定：封缄时间、作用到封缄区域中的层片上的挤压压力、待封缄的层压物的材料特性、电极和配对电极的彼此面对的表面的大小、表面之间的间距以及HF电压源的功率。
尤其地，层压物的相对介电常数以及损耗因数作为材料特性是十分重要的。层压物的相对介电常数表明的是，当电极之间的间隙替代空气地被填满作为电介质的层压物时，由电极和配对电极形成的电容器的电容量是多少。损耗因数tanα同样是层压物的物理的材料特性。为了通过介电损耗实现充分的发热，损耗因数tanα应位于>0.01的数量级中。
当层压物在封缄区域中的层片的数量发生变化时，在高频的交变电场中的热封合是成问题的。如果对用于饮料的例如被设计为屋顶型包装盒的包装盒进行热封合以便在灌装过程之后封闭屋顶部，那么在常规的包装盒坯料的情况下，在封缄区域的下部的部分中就存在有层压物的四个层片并且在重叠区域中甚至存在有五个层片，而在封缄区域的上部的部分中仅有层压物的两个层片相对置。在预先给定的封缄时间较短的情况下，在这种屋顶型包装盒中，在封缄区域的下部部分中可能会发生热封合不足，并且/或者在封缄区域的上部部分中发生过度加热。其结果导致包装盒的封闭处不能被封严，这在灌装品的仓储性方面是不可接受的。
发明内容
基于现有技术，本发明的任务是，提供在高频的交变电场中对层压物的多个层片进行热封合的方法和设备，在其中避免了由于进入到层压物的待封合的层片中的过大或过小的热输入而引起的问题。
该任务的解决方案是基于如下的认识，即，有益于较短的周期(Taktzeit)地，热封合过程的参数，即挤压压力、封缄时间以及用于产生高频的交变电场的电极的彼此面对的面的间距和大小几乎不会变化。用于封闭包装盒的封缄时间要尽可能短并且挤压压力要尽可能高。封缄区域并且因此电极的大小和间距在很大程度上是通过例如在包装盒的屋顶部的区域内的层压物的待热封合的层片的布置和数量来确定的。
尽管如此，仍然为了避免由于定量错误的热输入而造成的问题，在上述类型的方法中规定，以HF电压源的第一功率在封缄区域的第一部分区域中产生交变电场并且以HF电压源的不同于第一功率的第二功率在封缄区域的至少一个第二部分区域中产生交变电场，从而在封缄区域的部分区域上得到不同的热分布。在部分区域中的不同的热分布能够实现有针对性地匹配在相应的部分区域中所需要的热需求。部分区域例如沿竖直的方向叠置地并且沿水平的方向彼此分开地布置。
为了能够以不同的功率在封缄区域的部分区域中产生交变电场，开头所述类型的用于热封合的设备具有第一封合元件和第二封合元件，第一封合元件具有至少一个第一电极和至少一个第二电极，第二封合元件具有至少一个配对电极，该设备还具有布置在电极与至少一个配对电极之间的用于对层压物的层片进行热封合的封缄区域、用于产生封合元件相对彼此的相对运动的以及用于在封缄区域中将挤压力构建到层压物的层片上的驱动器、和高频电压源，该高频电压源设立成使得施加在第一电极和至少一个配对电极上的电压的高低与施加在第二电极和至少一个配对电极上的电压的高低不同。为了产生不同的功率，高频电压源也可以被设立成使得施加在第一电极和至少一个配对电极上的频率的高低与施加在第二电极和至少一个配对电极上的频率的高低不同。
当应该在第一和第二部分区域中对层压物的不同数量的层片进行热封合，像例如该情况是在对用于饮料的屋顶型包装盒进行热封合时，在封缄区域的部分区域中可能会需要有不同的热分布。此外，对在封缄区域的部分区域中有不同的热分布的需求还能由于在部分区域中待热封合的层压物具有不同厚度而产生。
用于在封缄区域的部分区域中产生交变电场的不同的功率优选依赖于层压物的在相应的部分区域中进行热封合的层片的数量和/或厚度来确定。在其中必须穿过较大数量的层压物的层片来进行热封合的部分区域中比在其中必须穿过较小数量的层压物的层片来进行热封合的部分区域需要更高的用于产生交变电场的功率。
对用于在相应的部分区域中产生交变电场的功率进行的控制不仅可以依赖于层片的数量和/或厚度，而且还可以依赖于在进行热封期间在每个部分区域所检测到的温度来确定。在热封区域中的温度对于熔化一个或多个封合层来说是具有决定性的。通过有针对性地测量部分区域中的温度可以更加精确地控制用于产生交变电场的功率，并且因此改善了在整个封缄区域中的热封合的质量。
在进行热封的期间，待封缄的层压物的厚度减小。为了避免由于厚度减小导致封缄参数“挤压压力”发生变化，在本发明的有利设计方案中，将用于压合层压物的层片的力在热封期间保持恒定。为此，挤压梁的驱动器配备有力调节器。
封缄区域中的高频的交变电场仅在热封合过程的短的时间间隔期间产生。然而，在再挤压和冷却阶段期间在封缄区域中不再产生交变电场。
为了避免由于在封缄区域的部分区域中有不均匀的挤压压力而造成不同的加温，在封缄区域的每个部分区域中层压物的层片优选以一致的挤压压力进行压合。为了在所有的封缄区域中的挤压力恒定的情况下产生一致的挤压压力，在封缄区域的部分区域中的力加载的电极的间距可以彼此不同。电极与配对电极之间的间距在对较大数量的层压物的层片进行热封合的部分区域中要比在对较小数量的层片进行热封合的部分区域中更大。
为了在较短的时间内产生需要的封合热，产生优选在3MHz与300MHz之间的频带中的高频的交变电场。通常，在上述频带中，使用标准频率13.56MHz、27.12MHz和40.68MHz。上述三个频率对于工业上的，科学上的和医学上的目的来说是预定的。位于标准频率40.68MHz以上的频率尤其对于具有较低的损耗因数的材料来说是适宜的，从而仍然能提供用于快速热封合所需的功率。
为了执行方法，所需的高频电压源在给定的频率中被设立成使得施加在第一电极和至少一个配对电极上的HF电压的高低与施加在第二电极和至少一个配对电极的HF电压的高低不同。由此促成了不同的功率，利用这些不同的功率在封缄区域的部分区域中产生交变电场。为了产生不同的功率，如已经提到的那样也可以使施加在第一电极和至少一个配对电极上的频率的高低与施加在第二电极和至少一个配对电极的频率的高低不同。
高频电压源具有用于产生高频电压的HF发生器。HF发生器优选经由低损耗的、经屏蔽的线路与第二封合元件上的每个配对电极和第一封合元件上的每个第一电极或每个第二电极导电连接。尤其可以使用具有50Ω阻抗的同轴线缆作为低损耗的、经屏蔽的线路。该阻抗由线路的欧姆电阻和与HF发生器的频率有关的电抗组成。在高频技术中主要使用50Ω阻抗。该阻抗适用于待传递的HF功率与小的衰减之间的良好折衷。出于该原因，HF发生器优选还包括50Ω的输出阻抗。借助适配器件通过电极形成负载阻抗，并且层压物的待封缄的层片与HF发生器的输出阻抗相匹配。
如果高频电压源的HF发生器与第一电极导电连接，那么可以通过如下方式降低施加在第二电极与至少一个配对电极之间的HF电压的高低，即，第二电极电容式地与第一电极耦合。
如果高频电压源的HF发生器与第二电极导电连接，那么可以通过如下方式提高施加在第一电极与至少一个配对电极之间的HF电压的高低，即，第一电极电感式地与第二电极耦合。
在高频电压源的第三设计方案中，HF发生器适用于产生至少两个彼此高低不同的高频电压，其中，HF发生器的输出端导电地与至少一个配对电极连接，具有较低的HF电压的输出端导电地与第二电极连接，并且具有较高的HF电压的输出端导电地与第一电极连接。
在本发明的设计方案中，第一封缄元件的每个电极与单独的配对电极相对置，使得电极的两个面积相等的表面分别以有间距且彼此平行的方式存在。
在本发明的设计方案中，第一和/或第二电极的和/或配对电极的表面的能贴靠在至少一个层压物上的部分区域具有不平坦的表面结构。该结构部例如可以以电极的部分区域的竖直沟槽部的形式来实施。结构部具有机械和电的效果。在机械方面通过结构部引起的是，待封缄的层压物的材料进入到结构部的凹陷部中，尤其是沟槽中。在电方面，结构部引起了所产生的交变场的强度的局部提高。如果封缄区域的部分区域中局部地需要再次提高的功率，以便例如使得层压物的五个层片替代四个层片地被热封合，那么电极的表面的部分区域尤其被结构化。由于较大数量的层片导致的挤压力的局部提升在很大程度上通过结构部的机械效果来防止。
为了对层压物的层片进行压合，第一和第二封合元件分别包括挤压梁。优选地，其中一个挤压梁静止地实施，而另一个实施为相对于静止的挤压梁能运动的挤压梁。
第一和第二电极优选竖直叠置地布置并且彼此水平分开。优选地，上部的电极比布置在其下方的电极进一步伸向配对电极的方向，以便补偿层压物的待热封合的层片的数量。
在第一封合元件上可以布置有多个第一和多个第二电极，从而可以同时封合多个屋顶型容器。
附图说明
下面结合附图详细阐述本发明。其中：
图1a示出用于对屋顶型包装盒的层压物的多个层片进行热封合的设备的第一和第二封缄元件的立体图；
图1b示出根据图1a的封缄元件的侧视图；
图1c示出用于说明电极的布置方案的第一封缄元件的立体图；
图1d从另外的视角示出第一和第二封缄元件的立体图；
图2a示出用于对屋顶型包装盒的层压物的多个层片进行热封合的设备的第二实施方式的第一和第二封缄元件的立体图；
图2b示出根据图2a的封缄元件的侧视图；
图3示出具有竖直的结构部的用于封缄元件的下部电极的详细视图；
图4示出具有竖直的结构部的两个相对置的电极的视图的局部图；
图5a-c示出根据本发明的设备的HF电压源的不同的实施例；以及
图6示出用于制造屋顶型包装盒的包装盒坯料。
具体实施方式
仅在图1中部分示出的用于对层压物的多个层片进行热封合的设备(10)具有能运动的第一封合元件(20)和与第一封合元件(20)相对置的静止的第二封合元件(30)。
如可从图1c看出，第一封合元件(20)包括在横截面中呈矩形的例如由不锈钢制成的柱体形的挤压梁，在挤压梁中在图1c中的右半部分中装入了由电绝缘材料制成的保持部(22)。在保持部(22)上沿挤压梁(21)的纵向方向并排地布置有两个电极对(23)。每个电极对(23)都由下部的第一电极(24)和布置在该第一电极上方的、上部的第二电极(25)形成。在电极(24、25)与保持部(22)之间还可以布置有在图中未示出的绝缘板。这种绝缘板保护保持部(22)以防短路，并且便于对第一封合元件(10)的维护。保持部(22)例如由聚醚醚酮(PEEK)材料制成。
尤其是直线驱动器适用作为用于产生第一封合元件(20)相对静止的第二封合元件(30)的相对运动(26)的且用于构建挤压力的驱动器，其被设立成使得第一封合元件(20)能够朝向第二封合元件(30)方向地且能够离开第二封合元件(30)地运动。尤其可供考虑以压力介质传动的驱动器，尤其是气动缸。第二封合元件(30)通过由容易导电的材料制成的，例如不锈钢制成的柱形主体(31)形成。主体(31)作为整体形成了针对第一封合元件(20)的第一和第二电极(24、25)的配对电极(32)。柱形主体(31)在其下侧上具有凹部(33)，该凹部在对屋顶型包装盒(40)的屋顶部进行热封合时为布置在屋顶部(41)上的封闭元件(42)提供了空间。
图2a和b示出了静止的第二封合元件(30)，其不同于根据图1的实施例的第二封合元件(30)地并不仅具有一个配对电极(32)，而是具有两个布置在挤压梁的绝缘的保持部(39)上的配对电极对(34)。每个配对电极对(34)具有下部的第一配对电极(35)和上部的第二配对电极(36)。如尤其能从图2b看到地，第一和第二配对电极(35、36)与第一和第二电极(24、25)对称布置，从而第一和第二电极(24、25)的每个竖直的表面与第一或第二配对电极(35、36)的大小相同的竖直的表面相对置。
为了使得在封缄区域(70)中作用到层压物的所有层片上的挤压压力均衡化，上部的第二电极(25)进一步朝第二封合元件(30)的方向探伸。附加地，在根据图2的实施方式中，配对电极对(34)的第二配对电极(36)进一步朝第一封合元件(20)的方向探伸。
电极(24、25)与至少一个配对电极(32、35、36)之间存在有用于对层压物的多个层片进行热封合的封缄区域(70)。为了在封缄区域(70)中将层压物的多个层压合之后，使热导入到层压物的封合层中，需要高频电压源(60)(见图5)，该高频电压源给电极(24、25)和每个配对电极(32、34、35)供应高频电压。
图5a示出了高频电压源(60)，其具有用于产生高频电压的高频发生器(61)，该高频发生器经由第一电线路(62a)与唯一的配对电极(32)连接，并且经由第二电线路(62b)与第一电极(24)连接。此外，高频电压源(60)在第一电极(24)与第二电极(25)之间具有形式为电容器的电容耦合(63)。由此，在封缄区域(70)的第一部分区域(71)中产生具有较高的电压(U1)且由此造成较高的HF功率的交变电场并且在封缄区域(70)的第二部分区域(72)中产生具有较小的电压(U2)且由此造成较小的功率的交变电场，从而在封缄区域(70)的部分区域(71、72)中得到了不同的热分布。如尤其能从图1b看到地，与在封缄区域的第一部分区域(71)中相比，在第二部分区域(72)中热封合了较少数量的层压物的层片。
图5b示出了具有用于产生高频电压的HF发生器(61)的高频电压源(60)的替选的实施方式，该高频发生器经由第一电线路(62a)与唯一的配对电极(32)连接，并且经由第二电线路(62b)与第二电极(25)连接。此外，高频电压源(60)在第二电极(25)与第一电极(24)之间具有形式为线圈的电感耦合(64)。由此，在封缄区域(70)的第二部分区域(72)中产生具有HF发生器(61)的较低的电压(U2)和由此造成较低的HF功率的交变电场，并且在封缄区域(70)的第二部分区域(72)中产生具有较高的电压(U1)和由此造成较高的功率的交变电场，从而在封缄区域(70)的部分区域(71、72)中得到了不同的热分布。
图5c示出高频电压源(60)的另外的实施方式，其具有用于产生两个彼此高低不同的HF电压(U1、U2)的HF发生器，引导较低的电压(U2)的输出端子(66)经由线路(68a)直接与第二电极(25)导电连接，并且引导较高的电压(U1)的输出端子(67)经由线路(68b)直接与第一封合元件(20)的第一电极(24)导电连接。配对电极(32)经由线路(62a)与高频发生器(65)的输出端子(69)连接。
在本发明的实施方式中每个第一电极(24)并且在根据图2a的实施例中附加地每个第一配对电极(35)都具有第一电极(24)的或第一配对电极(35)的表面的能贴靠到层压物上的部分区域(27、37)，该部分区域设有尤其能从图3清晰看到的竖直的沟槽结构(28、38)。第一电极(24)的和第一配对电极(35)的部分区域(27、37)面积相等地相对置。沟槽结构(28、38)引起第一部分区域(71)中的交变电场的场密度局部提高。沟槽结构(28、38)优选与层压物的纤维走向相匹配。
沟槽结构(28，38)布置在第一电极(24)或第一配对电极(35)上，使得在封缄区域(70)中对层压物的层片进行压合时，在相对置的结构化的部分区域(27、37)之间总是保留有残余间距(29)，这一点例如能在图4中看到。最小间距(29)确保的是，层压物的层片在压合时不被损坏。尤其是在层压物以纸板作为承载材料时存在纸板纤维被剪切和破裂的危险。
根据本发明的方法尤其被用于对用来容纳液态的食品的屋顶型包装盒(40)的屋顶部进行热封合。因此，首先结合图6对针对用于生产这种屋顶型包装盒(40)的包装盒外皮的坯料(43)进行详细阐述：
包装盒外皮的四个壁(44a-d)在四个竖直的折边(45a-d)中的一个上在窄的重叠区域(44e)中彼此焊接，并且具有在上部水平延伸的主折边(45)以及布置在主折边(45)上方的水平延伸的屋顶部折边(46)。竖立的包装盒外皮的相对置的壁(44a、44c)的在主折边(45)与屋顶部折边(46)之间的区域形成屋顶部(41)的顶面(47a、b)。相对置的壁(44a、44b)的在屋顶部折边(46)上方的两个区域形成两个封缄舌部(48a、48b)。
其他相对置的壁(44b、44d)的在主折边(45)与屋顶部折边(46)之间的区域形成屋顶部(41)的两个端面(49a、49b)。每个端面(49a、b)具有两个对角延伸的折边(50a、b)，这两个对角延伸的折边从主折边(45)出发汇聚在位于屋顶部折边(46)中的点(51)中并且限界出三角部(52)。相对置的壁(44b、44d)的在屋顶部折边(46)上方的两个区域形成两个端侧的封缄区段(53a、b)。两个封缄区段(53a、b)中的每个都被竖直延伸的屋顶部折边(54a、b)分成两个大小相等的部分。两个封缄舌部(48a、b)的在上部水平延伸的边缘(55)凸伸超过两个端侧的封缄区段(53a、b)的在上部水平延伸的边缘(56)。
在重叠区域(44e)中已经与壁(44a)焊接好的坯料作为扁平折叠的包装盒外皮被输送给用于液态的食品的灌装机的料仓。在将扁平折叠的包装盒外皮从料仓取出之后，包装盒外皮被竖立成横截面是矩形的筒形件。在由底部面(57a-b)构造出容器底部、对上部敞开的屋顶型包装盒进行杀菌以及随后填充以灌装品之后，填充好的屋顶型包装盒进入到用于通过热封合焊接屋顶部的设备(10)的作用区域中。
在封合元件(20、30)之间，将相对置的封缄舌部(48a、b)并且分别将封缄区段(53a、b)的两个部分在封缄区域(70)中压合。屋顶部(41)的端面(49a、b)的两个三角部(52)围绕主折边(45)向内翻转。在此，用于制造屋顶型包装盒(40)的层压物在封缄舌部(48a、b)的凸伸超过封缄区段(53a、b)的上边缘(56)的部分中叠置成两个层片，并且在屋顶部折边(46)与上边缘(56)之间的封缄区段(53a、b)的部分中叠置成四个层片并且在屋顶部折边(46)与上边缘(56)之间的重叠区域(44e)中叠置成五个层片。
层压物的两个层片位于封缄区域(70)的第二部分区域(72)中。四个或五个层片位于封缄区域(70)的第一部分区域(71)中。
由于两个电极对(23)布置在第一封缄元件(20)上，使得两个沿封合元件(20、30)纵向方向并排布置的屋顶型包装盒(40)同时在一个工序中被热封合。
在封缄区域(70)的第一部分区域(71)中的交变电场比在封缄区域(70)的第二部分区域(72)中的交变电场以更高的功率来产生，在该第二部分区域中仅有两个层片相对置。层压物的五个层片在第一部分区域(71)中被电极(24、35)的结构化的部分区域(37、38)压合，并且在那里以局部提高了的场密度进行热封合。替选地，在其中存在有五个层片的区域中，交变场以相对于其中存在有四个层片的第一部分区域(71)再次以提高的功率来产生，以便在那里有针对性地引入更多的热。
在热封合过程之后，已封闭的屋顶型包装盒(40)通过未示出的传送器离开封缄区域(70)周期地沿传送方向(73)进一步运输(参见图1)，直到下两个屋顶型包装盒(40)以其屋顶部(41)到达在第一和第二封合元件(20、30)之间的封缄区域(70)中。已封闭好的屋顶型包装盒(40)在该时刻位于封合元件(20、30)之间的冷却区域(74a、b)中，在该冷却区域中，层压物的先前被热封合的层片被重新压合。为了快速散热，在冷却区域中设置有用于循环热载体的通道，这些通道布置在第一和/或第二封合元件(20、30)中。
此外，用于循环热载体的通道可以被设置成用于在封缄区域(70)中调温，这些通道布置在第一和/或第二封合元件(20、30)中。由此，在产生出用于热封过程的热的情况下避免了从电极到封合元件(20、30)的挤压梁上的不必要的热输出，为此目的可以使封缄区域(70)例如保持在30℃的恒定温度。替选地，可以在挤压梁中布置电阻加热器用来进行预加温。冷却区域例如被调温到5℃，以便在那里实现快速的冷却效果。
附图标记列表

Claims (15)

1.用于在封缄区域(70)对层压物的多个层片进行热封合的方法，其中，所述层压物包括由不导电的材料制成的载体层和在所述层压物的至少一个表面上的由热塑性材料制成的封合层，并且在所述封缄区域(70)中，所述层压物的多个层片的封合层彼此面对，所述方法包括以下步骤：
-在所述封缄区域(70)中压合所述层压物的层片，
-在所述封缄区域(70)中为所述层压物的被压合的层片产生高频的交变电场，由此所述封合层被加温至熔融状态中，
其特征在于，
-以第一功率在所述封缄区域(70)的第一部分区域(71)中产生交变电场并且以不同于所述第一功率的第二功率在所述封缄区域(70)的至少一个第二部分区域(72)中产生交变电场，由此在所述封缄区域(70)的部分区域(71、72)上得到不同的热分布。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，在所述第一和每个第二部分区域(71、72)中对所述层压物的不同数量的层片进行热封合。
3.权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，用于在每个部分区域(71、72)中产生交变电场的功率依赖于在所述部分区域中被热封合的层片的数量和/或厚度来确定。
4.根据权利要求2或3所述的方法，其特征在于，用于在每个部分区域(71、72)中产生交变电场的功率依赖于在热封期间在每个部分区域中检测到的温度来确定。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，将用于压合所述层压物的层片的力在热封期间保持恒定。
6.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述层压物的层片在所述封缄区域(70)的每个部分区域(71、72)中以一致的挤压压力压合。
7.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，产生在3MHz与300MHz之间的频带中的高频的交变电场。
8.用于对层压物的多个层片进行热封合的设备，所述层压物包括由不导电的材料制成的载体层和在所述层压物的至少一个表面上的由热塑性材料制成的封合层，所述设备包括：
-第一封合元件(20)，所第一封合元件具有至少一个第一电极(24)和至少一个第二电极(25)；
-第二封合元件(30)，所述第二封合元件具有至少一个配对电极(32)；
-布置在所述电极(24、25)与所述至少一个配对电极(32)之间的用于对所述层压物的层片进行热封合的封缄区域(70)；
-用于产生所述封合元件(20、30)相对彼此的相对运动的以及用于在所述封缄区域(70)中将挤压力构建到所述层压物的层片上的驱动器；
-高频电压源(60)，所述高频电压源设立成使得施加在每个第一电极(24)和所述至少一个配对电极(32)上的电压的高低与施加在每个第二电极(25)和所述至少一个配对电极(32)上的电压的高低不同。
9.根据权利要求8所述的设备，其特征在于，所述高频电压源(60)具有用于产生高频电压的HF发生器(61)，所述HF发生器与每个配对电极(32)和每个第一或每个第二电极(24、25)导电连接。
10.根据权利要求8或9所述的设备，其特征在于，所述高频电压源(60)具有在每个第一与每个第二电极(24、25)之间的电容耦合(63)。
11.根据权利要求8或9所述的设备，其特征在于，所述高频电压源(60)具有在每个第一与每个第二电极(24、25)之间的电感耦合(64)。
12.根据权利要求8所述的设备，其特征在于，所述高频电压源(60)具有用于产生至少两个彼此高低不同的高频电压(U1、U2)的HF发生器(65)，所述HF发生器与每个配对电极(32)和每个第一和每个第二电极(24、25)导电连接。
13.根据权利要求1至12中任一项所述的设备，其特征在于，每个电极(24、25)都与单独的配对电极(35、36)相对置。
14.根据权利要求1至13中任一项所述的设备，其特征在于，所述第一和/或第二电极(24、25)和/或一个或多个配对电极(32、35、36)的表面的能贴靠在所述层压物上的部分区域(27)具有不平坦的表面结构。
15.根据权利要求1至14中任一项所述的设备，其特征在于，所述第一和/或第二封合元件(20、30)具有挤压梁(21)，在所述挤压梁上布置有至少一个用于固定所述电极(24、25)的、由绝缘材料制成的保持部(22)。
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