CN106432229A - 一类用于治疗或预防高尿酸血症或痛风的化合物 - Google Patents
一类用于治疗或预防高尿酸血症或痛风的化合物 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN106432229A CN106432229A CN201610810990.4A CN201610810990A CN106432229A CN 106432229 A CN106432229 A CN 106432229A CN 201610810990 A CN201610810990 A CN 201610810990A CN 106432229 A CN106432229 A CN 106432229A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- methanone
- pyridin
- ethylimidazo
- hydroxyphenyl
- deuterium
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 79
- 201000005569 Gout Diseases 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 201000001431 Hyperuricemia Diseases 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- YZCKVEUIGOORGS-OUBTZVSYSA-N Deuterium Chemical compound [2H] YZCKVEUIGOORGS-OUBTZVSYSA-N 0.000 claims description 31
- -1 cyano, hydroxy Chemical group 0.000 claims description 31
- 229910052805 deuterium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 31
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 24
- 125000003349 3-pyridyl group Chemical group N1=C([H])C([*])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 17
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 13
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 13
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000004414 alkyl thio group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000006645 (C3-C4) cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 10
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- VBUGWAVMTICRFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-3-carbaldehyde Chemical compound C1=CC=CN2C(C=O)=C(CC)N=C21 VBUGWAVMTICRFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- ZUURZACRHXKUMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-ethylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-3-yl)-[4-hydroxy-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]methanone Chemical compound C(C)C=1N=C2N(C=CC=C2)C=1C(=O)C1=CC(=C(C=C1)O)C(F)(F)F ZUURZACRHXKUMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- SXRHGLQCOLNZPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde Chemical compound OC1=C(Br)C=C(C=O)C=C1Br SXRHGLQCOLNZPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000003424 uricosuric effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- WSVNCLIIHUNRMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-ethylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-3-yl)-(4-hydroxy-3,5-diiodophenyl)methanone Chemical compound C(C)C=1N=C2N(C=CC=C2)C=1C(=O)C1=CC(=C(C(=C1)I)O)I WSVNCLIIHUNRMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- SBNAJUIDFUFDQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)-(2-ethylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-3-yl)methanone Chemical compound BrC=1C=C(C=C(C=1O)Br)C(=O)C1=C(N=C2N1C=CC=C2)CC SBNAJUIDFUFDQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- UMXXBUBQZKVJFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3-chloro-4-hydroxy-5-iodophenyl)-(2-ethylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-3-yl)methanone Chemical compound ClC=1C=C(C=C(C=1O)I)C(=O)C1=C(N=C2N1C=CC=C2)CC UMXXBUBQZKVJFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- HTWZZTDPLJCCJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-(2-ethyl-6-fluoroimidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-3-yl)methanone Chemical compound ClC=1C=C(C=CC=1O)C(=O)C1=C(N=C2N1C=C(C=C2)F)CC HTWZZTDPLJCCJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- LPZGBXXLDGRBOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-(2-ethylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-3-yl)methanone Chemical compound ClC=1C=C(C=CC=1O)C(=O)C1=C(N=C2N1C=CC=C2)CC LPZGBXXLDGRBOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- SACBZRUSUAATFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-ethylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-3-yl)-(4-hydroxy-3-iodo-5-methylphenyl)methanone Chemical compound C(C)C=1N=C2N(C=CC=C2)C=1C(=O)C1=CC(=C(C(=C1)C)O)I SACBZRUSUAATFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- JOXAVTWZECTXAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-ethylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-3-yl)-(4-hydroxy-3-iodophenyl)methanone Chemical compound C(C)C=1N=C2N(C=CC=C2)C=1C(=O)C1=CC(=C(C=C1)O)I JOXAVTWZECTXAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- CZRSQULYZBJKJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)-(2-ethyl-6-methoxyimidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-3-yl)methanone Chemical compound BrC=1C=C(C=C(C=1O)Br)C(=O)C1=C(N=C2N1C=C(C=C2)OC)CC CZRSQULYZBJKJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- AWWKKIDBUCICHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)-(2-ethyl-6-methylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-3-yl)methanone Chemical compound BrC=1C=C(C=C(C=1O)Br)C(=O)C1=C(N=C2N1C=C(C=C2)C)CC AWWKKIDBUCICHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- KYSVNSCDBGDCOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-iodophenyl)-(2-ethylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-3-yl)methanone Chemical compound BrC=1C=C(C=C(C=1O)I)C(=O)C1=C(N=C2N1C=CC=C2)CC KYSVNSCDBGDCOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- CJIZNCQOWZYHJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3-bromo-5-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-(2-ethyl-6-fluoroimidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-3-yl)methanone Chemical compound BrC=1C=C(C=C(C=1O)Cl)C(=O)C1=C(N=C2N1C=C(C=C2)F)CC CJIZNCQOWZYHJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- DWUMLGJEZBNWCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-chloro-5-(2-ethylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-3-carbonyl)-2-hydroxybenzonitrile Chemical compound ClC=1C(=C(C#N)C=C(C=1)C(=O)C1=C(N=C2N1C=CC=C2)CC)O DWUMLGJEZBNWCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- UKKVLMFJZSFUDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-(2-ethylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-3-carbonyl)-2-hydroxy-3-methylbenzonitrile Chemical compound C(C)C=1N=C2N(C=CC=C2)C=1C(=O)C=1C=C(C(=C(C#N)C=1)O)C UKKVLMFJZSFUDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- OXYHJYIVQYTZBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-(2-ethylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-3-carbonyl)-2-hydroxybenzonitrile Chemical compound C(C)C=1N=C2N(C=CC=C2)C=1C(=O)C=1C=CC(=C(C#N)C=1)O OXYHJYIVQYTZBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- AUBZDGKYYOWMBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N [3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-(2-ethylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-3-yl)methanone Chemical compound BrC=1C=C(C=C(C=1O)C(F)(F)F)C(=O)C1=C(N=C2N1C=CC=C2)CC AUBZDGKYYOWMBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000008194 pharmaceutical composition Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- WHQJUNJNCIAOMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-cyclopropylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-3-yl)-(3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)methanone Chemical compound C1(CC1)C=1N=C2N(C=CC=C2)C=1C(=O)C1=CC(=C(C(=C1)Br)O)Br WHQJUNJNCIAOMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- DPFGYIKWVQIBBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-ethyl-6-fluoroimidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-3-yl)-(3-fluoro-4-hydroxy-5-iodophenyl)methanone Chemical compound C(C)C=1N=C2N(C=C(C=C2)F)C=1C(=O)C1=CC(=C(C(=C1)I)O)F DPFGYIKWVQIBBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- USJXQMFOPGQTAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-ethylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-3-yl)-(2-ethylsulfanyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)methanone Chemical compound C(C)C=1N=C2N(C=CC=C2)C=1C(=O)C1=C(C=C(C=C1)O)SCC USJXQMFOPGQTAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- VTZOJEAKNGHNGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)-(2-ethyl-6-hydroxyimidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-3-yl)methanone Chemical compound BrC=1C=C(C=C(C=1O)Br)C(=O)C1=C(N=C2N1C=C(C=C2)O)CC VTZOJEAKNGHNGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- RSFQEGLJAOAOTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)-(2-propylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-3-yl)methanone Chemical compound BrC=1C=C(C=C(C=1O)Br)C(=O)C1=C(N=C2N1C=CC=C2)CCC RSFQEGLJAOAOTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- VWOSZSLMYKUIPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)-[2-ethyl-7-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-3-yl]methanone Chemical compound BrC=1C=C(C=C(C=1O)Br)C(=O)C1=C(N=C2N1C=CC(=C2)C(F)(F)F)CC VWOSZSLMYKUIPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- ZHMXMVLZIXZIER-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3-bromo-5-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-(2-ethylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-3-yl)methanone Chemical compound BrC=1C=C(C=C(C=1O)Cl)C(=O)C1=C(N=C2N1C=CC=C2)CC ZHMXMVLZIXZIER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- VFFYDURBOXWGMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3-bromo-5-fluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-(2-ethyl-6-fluoroimidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-3-yl)methanone Chemical compound BrC=1C=C(C=C(C=1O)F)C(=O)C1=C(N=C2N1C=C(C=C2)F)CC VFFYDURBOXWGMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- DAYNUDXXGAEUCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N (6-bromo-2-ethyl-7-methylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-3-yl)-(3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)methanone Chemical compound BrC=1C(=CC=2N(C=1)C(=C(N=2)CC)C(=O)C1=CC(=C(C(=C1)Br)O)Br)C DAYNUDXXGAEUCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- PGGVRVAVZNXVFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-ethylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-6-carbonitrile Chemical compound BrC=1C=C(C=C(C=1O)Br)C1=C(N=C2N1C=C(C=C2)C#N)CC PGGVRVAVZNXVFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- RQGCKMOCOOAGEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-bromo-5-(2-ethylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-3-carbonyl)-2-hydroxybenzonitrile Chemical compound BrC=1C(=C(C#N)C=C(C=1)C(=O)C1=C(N=C2N1C=CC=C2)CC)O RQGCKMOCOOAGEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D471/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00
- C07D471/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
- C07D471/04—Ortho-condensed systems
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- A61K31/4353—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic ring systems
- A61K31/437—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic ring systems the heterocyclic ring system containing a five-membered ring having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. indolizine, beta-carboline
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P19/00—Drugs for skeletal disorders
- A61P19/06—Antigout agents, e.g. antihyperuricemic or uricosuric agents
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Rheumatology (AREA)
- Pain & Pain Management (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Nitrogen Condensed Heterocyclic Rings (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
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Abstract
本发明公开了一类用于治疗或预防高尿酸血症或痛风的化合物,其为通式(I)所示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐。本发明的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐可应用于促尿酸排泄以治疗或预防高尿酸血症或痛风。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于药物化学领域,具体涉及一类(4-羟基苯基)(咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-基)甲酮类衍生物及其组合物和在药物方面的用途。
背景技术
痛风(Gout)是由于人体内嘌呤代谢紊乱和/或尿酸排泄障碍导致高尿酸血症(Hyper-uricemia)所引起的慢性代谢性疾病,以尿酸盐沉积在关节等部位而引起的剧烈疼痛为主要特征。当体内血清尿酸水平超过6.8mg/dL时,尿酸盐将在人体组织的滑膜液、外周关节的软骨、耳朵的耳廓和手肘的鹰嘴囊等处出现尿酸单钠盐结晶沉积。当有此类症状时,即可诊断为痛风(Terkeltaub RA.Crystal Deposition Diseases.In:Goldman L,Aus-iello D,eds.The Cecil Textbook of Medicine,23rd ed.Philadelphia,PA:SaundersElsevier Co;2008:2069-2075)(Richette P,Bardin T.Gout.Lancet.2010,375(9711):318-328)。
痛风在普通人群中的发病率在1%-2%左右,发达国家发病率较高,2007-2008年的一份调查报道称,美国痛风病人已达830万。中国近十几年的痛风发病率直线上升,据报道称中国痛风患者人数已超5000万,且男性痛风患者人数远高于女性。
目前治疗痛风的药物主要有抗急性痛风性关节炎药、抑制尿酸生成药以及促进尿酸排泄药。抗急性痛风药主要有秋水仙碱、非甾体抗炎药、促肾上腺皮质激素和糖皮质激素等。抑制尿酸生成药主要有别嘌呤醇和非布索坦。其作用机理是通过抑制嘌呤向尿酸转化所需的黄嘌呤氧化酶,以减少尿酸的生成。促进尿酸排泄药主要有丙磺舒、苯磺唑酮和苯溴马隆等。
急性痛风发作的治疗只能控制症状、减轻患者疼痛,无法降低体内血尿酸水平。其中秋水仙碱毒性很大,常伴有腹泻、呕吐、腹痛性痉挛等常见的不良反应。临床上常用的黄嘌呤氧化酶抑制剂别嘌呤醇使用剂量大,对一些人可引发致命性的Stevens Johnson综合症(皮肤重症多形红斑),也常伴有胃部不适、恶心、腹泻、头疼、发热、食欲不振、体重减轻、排尿疼、血尿等副作用。另一黄嘌呤氧化酶抑制剂为非布索坦,于2009年在欧美上市,其疗效虽然优于别嘌呤醇,但也有十分严重的心血管和胃肠道不适副作用,同时会导致头疼及一定的肝损伤。苯溴马隆促尿酸排泄作用十分优异,但有很大的肝脏毒性。 丙磺舒和苯磺唑酮促尿酸排泄的作用十分差、使用剂量大,副作用大。
促尿酸排泄作用机理为抑制尿酸在近端小管的重吸收,增加尿酸的肾脏排泄而降低血尿酸浓度。人体约70%的尿酸经肾脏排泄,而高尿酸血症患者中约有80-85%是由于尿酸排泄障碍所致(Cheeseman C.Solute carrier family 2,member 9and uric acidhomeostasis.Current Opinion in Nephrology and Hypertension,2009,18(5):428-432)。促尿酸排泄药在高尿酸血症和痛风的治疗中占有十分重要的地位。位于近曲小管上皮细胞膜的人尿酸阴离子转运蛋白1(human urate anion transporter 1,hURAT1)是有机阴离子转运体(OAT)超家族成员,由SLC22A12基因编码,其cDNA存在多种突变,易引起尿酸代谢异常,一项Meta分析表明该基因对血尿酸水平有0.13%的变量贡献(So A,ThorensB.Uric acid transport and disease.Journal of Clinical Investigation.2010,120(6):1791-1799)。该基因编码的URAT1在尿酸从细胞内重吸收到肾小管腔内的过程中发挥重要作用,是人体内主要的尿酸重吸收蛋白,控制着约90%以上的肾小球滤过后尿酸的重吸收。因此,抑制URAT1转运作用可降低尿酸重吸收,促进尿酸在肾脏的排泄,而达到降低体内血尿酸水平的效果(Michael FW,Jutabha P,Quada B.Developing potent human uricacid transporter 1(hURAT1)inhibitors.Journal of Medicinal Chemistry.2011,54:2701-2713)。
目前市场主要使用的URAT1抑制剂为苯溴马隆,其化学名称为(3,5-二溴-4-羟苯基)(2-乙基-3-苯并呋喃基)甲酮,由法国Snaofi-Synthelabo公司研制,并于1976年上市。该药是目前世界市场最有效的促尿酸排泄药,已使用近40年。但苯溴马隆有很大的肝脏毒性,没能进入美国市场,2003年已从大部分欧洲国家撤出(Jansen TL,Reinders MK,vanRoon EN,et al.Benzbromarone withdrawn from the European market:another caseof"absence of evidence is evidence of absence".Clinical ExperimentalRheumatology,2004,22(5):651)。其另一缺点是对肝脏CYP2C9酶有较强的抑制作用。但因市场缺乏好的抗痛风药物,仍然有中国、德国、日本、巴西、新西兰等20多个国家在广泛使用。
研究表明,苯溴马隆肝毒性主要是由人体肝脏代谢所引起。该药物易被肝脏的CYP2C9氧化代谢成6-羟基苯溴马隆,再进一步被P450s酶系代谢成两种邻苯双醌类产物,此类 物质化学性质活泼,可通过与蛋白质或多肽的半胱氨酸残基上的巯基共轭加成,使蛋白质变性失活,从而导致肝毒性。(Matthew G.McDonald,Rettie AE.Sequential metabolismand bioactivation of the hepatotoxin benzbromarone:formation of glutathioneadducts from a catechol intermediate.Chemical Research in Toxicology.2007,20(12):1833-1842)。苯溴马隆还有其它一些副作用,如腹泻、胃部不适、恶心等消化系统症状;斑疹、潮红、瘙痒等皮肤过敏症。
无论是促尿酸排泄药物还是抑制尿酸生成药物在临床应用中均存在很大的毒副作用,因此,研究开发高效、低毒的抗痛风药物具有十分重要的意义。
发明内容
本发明的目的是在现有技术的基础上,设计并提供一类具有抑制URAT1转运尿酸能力、促进尿酸排泄的(4-羟基苯基)(咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-基)甲酮类衍生物。体内、体外试验结果表明,与苯溴马隆相比较,本发明提供的化合物能够明显提高对URAT1的抑制效果,同时还可显著增加在小鼠体内的尿酸排泄;并可降低对正常肝脏细胞的毒性。大鼠急性毒性试验的口服最大耐受剂量结果表明,本发明提供的化合物的毒性远远低于苯溴马隆。显示本发明提供的化合物具有更优异的促尿酸排泄作用和更高的安全性。
本发明的另一目的是提供一种含有(4-羟基苯基)(咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-基)甲酮类衍生物的药物组合物。
本发明的第三个目的是提供上述(4-羟基苯基)(咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-基)甲酮类衍生物在预防或治疗高尿酸血症、肾病或痛风方面的用途。
本发明的目的可以通过以下措施达到:
一类通式(I)所示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,
其中,
R1或R2分别独立地选自氢、氘、卤素、氰基、羟基、取代或非取代的C1-5烷基、取代或非取代的C1-3烷氧基、取代或非取代的C1-3烷硫基中的一种或多种;
R3选自取代或非取代的下述基团:C1-4烷基或C3-4环烷基,其取代基选自氘、卤素、C1-2烷基或C3-4环烷基;
R4或R5分别独立地选自氢、氘、卤素、氰基、C2-3烯基、C2-3炔基、取代或非取代的C1-3烷基、取代或非取代的C1-3烷氧基、取代或非取代的C1-3烷硫基中的一种或几种;
R1、R2、R4或R5中的取代基选自氘、卤素、C1-3烷基、C3-4环烷基或C1-3烷氧基。
本发明中的R1、R2、R4或R5基团,可以各自选择所限定的基团中的一个,也可以选择所限定的基团的中两个或两个以上。当R1、R2、R4或R5基团选择两个或两个以上时,这两个或两个以上的基团分别在所对应的苯基或咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶基的不同位点。例如当R4采用两个基团时,这两个基团可以分别在4-羟基苯基的2位和3位。
在一种优选方案中,R1或R2分别独立地选自氢、氘、卤素、氰基、羟基或者取代或非取代的下述基团:C1-5烷基、C1-3烷氧基或C1-3烷硫基。其取代基选自氘、卤素、C1-3烷基、C3-4环烷基或C1-3烷氧基。
在另一种优选方案中,R1或R2分别独立地选自氢、氘、氟、氯、溴、氰基、羟基、取代或非取代的C1-3烷基、取代或非取代的C1-3烷氧基中的一种或几种;其取代基选自氘、卤素、C1-3烷基、C3-4环烷基或C1-3烷氧基。
在一种更优选方案中,R1或R2分别独立地选自氢、氘、氟、氯、溴、氰基、C1-3烷基、C1-3卤代烷基或C1-3烷氧基中的一种或几种。
在另一种更优选方案中,R1或R2分别独立地选自氢、氘、氟、氯、溴、氰基、甲基、乙基、甲氧基、乙氧基、三氟甲基等。
在一种优选方案中,R3选自取代或非取代的下述基团:C1-3烷基、C3-4环烷基;其取代基选自氘、卤素、C1-2烷基或C3-4环烷基。
在一种更优选方案中,R3选自C2-3烷基或C3-4环烷基。
在另一种更优选方案中,R3选自乙基或环丙基。
在一种优选方案中,R4或R5分别独立地选自氢、氘、卤素、氰基、C2-3烯基、C2-3炔基或者取代或非取代的下述基团:C1-3烷基、C1-3烷氧基或C1-3烷硫基。其取代基选自氘、卤素、C1-3烷基、C3-4环烷基或C1-3烷氧基。
在另一种优选方案中,R4或R5分别独立地选自氢、氘、卤素、氰基、乙烯基、乙炔基、取代或非取代的C1-2烷基、取代或非取代的C1-2烷氧基、取代或非取代的C1-2烷硫基中的一种或几种;其取代基选自氘、卤素、C1-2烷基、C3-4环烷基或C1-3烷氧基。
在一种更优选方案中,R4或R5分别独立地选自氢、氘、卤素、氰基、C1-2烷基、C1-2卤代烷基、C1-2烷氧基或C1-2烷硫基中的一种或几种。
在另一种更优选方案中,R4或R5分别独立地选自氢、氘、卤素、氰基、甲基、乙基、甲氧基、乙氧基、三氟甲基、甲硫基、乙硫基中的一种或几种。
在另一种更优选方案中,R4选自卤素中的一种或几种,R5选自氰基。
在一种优选方案中,本发明化合物药学上可接受的盐可选自盐酸盐、氢溴酸盐、硝酸盐、磷酸盐、乙酸盐、丙酸盐、丙烯酸盐、草酸盐、(D)或(L)苹果酸盐、富马酸盐、马来酸盐、羟基苯甲酸盐、γ-羟基丁酸盐、甲氧基苯甲酸盐、邻苯二甲酸盐、甲磺酸盐、乙磺酸盐、萘-1-磺酸盐、萘-2-磺酸盐、对甲苯磺酸盐、水杨酸盐、酒石酸盐、柠檬酸盐等。
本发明的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,其中化合物选自:
(3,5-二溴-4-羟基苯基)(2-乙基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-基)甲酮,
(2-乙基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-基)(4-羟基-3,5-二碘苯基)甲酮,
(3-氯-4-羟基苯基)(2-乙基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-基)甲酮,
(3-氯-4-羟基-5-碘苯基)(2-乙基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-基)甲酮,
3-氯-5-(2-乙基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-羰基)-2-羟基苯甲腈,
(3-溴-4-羟基-5-碘苯基)(2-乙基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-基)甲酮,
(2-乙基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-基)(4-羟基-3-碘-5-甲基苯基)甲酮,
(2-乙基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-基)(4-羟基-3-碘苯基)甲酮,
5-(2-乙基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-羰基)-2-羟基苯甲腈,
(3-氯-4-羟基苯基)(2-乙基-6-氟咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-基)甲酮,
(3-溴-5-氯-4-羟基苯基)(2-乙基-6-氟咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-基)甲酮,
(3-氯-4-羟基-5-碘苯基)(2-乙基-6-氟咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-基)甲酮,
5-(2-乙基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-羰基)-2-羟基-3-甲基苯甲腈,
(2-乙基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-基)[4-羟基-3-(三氟甲基)苯基]甲酮,
[3-溴-4-羟基-5-(三氟甲基)苯基](2-乙基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-基)甲酮,
(3,5-二溴-4-羟基苯基)(2-乙基-6-甲基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-基)甲酮,
(3,5-二溴-4-羟基苯基)(2-乙基-6-甲氧基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-基)甲酮,
3-溴-5-(2-乙基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-羰基)-2-羟基苯甲腈,
5-(2-乙基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-羰基)-2-羟基-3-碘苯甲腈,
5-(2-乙基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-羰基)-3-氟-2-羟基苯甲腈,
(3,5-二溴-4-羟基苯基)(2-丙基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-基)甲酮,
(2-乙基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-基)(2-乙硫基-4-羟基苯基)甲酮,
(3-溴-5-氯-4-羟基苯基)(2-乙基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-基)甲酮,
(3-溴-5-氟-4-羟基苯基)(2-乙基-6-氟咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-基)甲酮,
(2-乙基-6-氟咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-基)(3-氟-4-羟基-5-碘苯基)甲酮,
(3,5-二溴-4-羟基苯基)(2-乙基-6-羟基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-基)甲酮,
(6-溴-2-乙基-7-甲基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-基)(3,5-二溴-4-羟基苯基)甲酮,
(3,5-二溴-4-羟基苯基)(2-乙基-7-三氟甲基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-基)甲酮,
3-(3,5-二溴-4-羟基苯基)-2-乙基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-6-甲腈,
(2-氘-4-羟基苯基)(2-乙基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-基)甲酮,
(2-氘-3,5-二溴-4-羟基苯基)(2-乙基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-基)甲酮,
(6-氘-2-乙基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-基)(3,5-二溴-4-羟基苯基)甲酮,
(2-环丙基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-基)(3,5-二溴-4-羟基苯基)甲酮,
3-溴-5-(2-乙基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-羰基)-2-羟基苯甲腈盐酸盐,
5-(2-乙基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-羰基)-2-羟基-3-碘苯甲腈盐酸盐。
本发明化合物可按下述合成方法制备:
通式一:
该通式中将2-氨基吡啶类化合物跟酰氯反应制成酰胺后与取代的溴代苯乙酮反应得到相应的咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶类化合物,该化合物可能为最终产物,或经过去甲基、卤化反应或其它反应得到相应的目标产物。
通式二:
该通式中将取代的苯乙酮跟相应的酯反应,得到1.3-二酮类化合物,该化合物跟相应的2-氨基吡啶反应,得到咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶类化合物,该化合物经过去甲基、卤化反应或其它反应得到相应的目标产物。
合成方法中各基团的定义如上所述。
除非另有说明,下列用在权利要求书和说明书中的术语有如下含义:
“氢”,是指氕(1H),它是氢元素的主要稳定同位素。
“氘”,是指氢的一种稳定形态同位素,也被称为重氢,其元素符号为D。
“卤素”,是指氟原子,氯原子,溴原子或碘原子。
“烷基”,表示1-20个碳原子的饱和的脂烃基,包括直链和支链基团(本申请书中提到的数字范围,例如“1-20”,是指该基团,此时为烷基,可以含1个碳原子、2个碳原子、3个碳原子等,直至包括20个碳原子)。含1-4个碳原子的烷基称为低级烷基。当低级烷基没有取代基时,称其为未取代的低级烷基。更优选的是,烷基是有2-5个碳原子的中等大小的烷基。本发明中的烷基例如甲基、乙基、丙基、2-丙基、正丁基、异丁基、叔丁基、戊基等。最好是,烷基为有2-4个碳原子的低级烷基,例如乙基、丙基、2-丙基、正丁基、异丁基或叔丁基等。烷基可以是取代的或未取代的。
“烷氧基”,表示-O-(未取代的烷基)和-O-(未取代的环烷基)基团,其进一步表示-O-(未取代的烷基)。代表性实施例包括但不限于甲氧基、乙氧基、丙氧基、丁氧基、环丙氧基、环丁氧基、环戊氧基、环己氧基等。
“烷硫基”,表示-S-(未取代的烷基)和-S-(未取代的环烷基)基团,其进一步表示-S-(未取代的烷基)。代表性实施例包括但不限于甲硫基、乙硫基、丙硫基、丁硫基、环丙硫基、环丁硫基、环戊硫基、环己硫基等。
“烯基”,表示具有C=C双键的不饱和的脂烃基,包括直链和支链基团;本发明中的烯基优选采用C2-7烯基,进一步优选C2-6烯基或C2-4烯基,例如乙烯基、丙烯基、烯丙基、 丙-1-烯-2-基等。
“炔基”,表示具有C≡C叁键的不饱和的脂烃基,包括直链和支链基团;本发明中的炔基优选采用C2-7炔基,进一步优选C2-6炔基或C2-4炔基,例如乙炔基、丙炔基、炔丙基、丙-1-炔-2-基等。
“环烷基”,表示具有3个以上C原子的单环或双环烷基,包括但不限于环丙基、环戊基、环己基、二环庚基。
“氰基”,表示-CN基团。
“药学上可接受的盐”,是包含通式(I)的化合物与有机酸或无机酸形成的盐,表示保留母体化合物的生物有效性和性质的那些盐。这类盐包括:
(1)与酸成盐,通过母体化合物的游离碱与无机酸或有机酸的反应而得,无机酸例如(但不限于)盐酸、氢溴酸、硝酸、磷酸、偏磷酸、硫酸、亚硫酸和高氯酸等,有机酸例如(但不限于)乙酸、丙酸、丙烯酸、草酸、(D)或(L)苹果酸、富马酸、马来酸、羟基苯甲酸、γ-羟基丁酸、甲氧基苯甲酸、邻苯二甲酸、甲磺酸、乙磺酸、萘-1-磺酸、萘-2-磺酸、对甲苯磺酸、水杨酸、酒石酸、柠檬酸、乳酸、扁桃酸、琥珀酸或丙二酸等。
(2)存在于母体化合物中的酸性质子被金属离子代替或者与有机碱配位化合所生成的盐,金属离子例如碱金属离子、碱土金属离子或铝离子,有机碱例如乙醇胺、二乙醇胺、三乙醇胺、氨丁三醇、N-甲基葡糖胺等。
“药物组合物”,指的是在此描述的一种或多种化合物或者它们的药学上可接受的盐和前药与其它的化学成分,例如药学上可接受的载体和赋形剂的混合物。药物组合物的目的是促进化合物对生物体的给药。
在下文中,除非特别地限制,作为治疗剂活性成分的式(I)化合物包括它们的所有药学上可接受的盐,它们应当理解为落入本发明的范围内。在本说明书中,仅仅为了方便,将它们简称为“式(I)的化合物”。
本发明包括一种药物组合物,其包含本发明中任一所述化合物、其药学上可接受的盐或其易水解的前药酯作为活性成分,辅以药学上可接受的辅料。
本发明的上述的式(I)化合物在下面的实施例中已证实,它们能够明显提高对URAT1的抑制效果,显著增加在小鼠体内的尿酸排泄,并且毒性远远低于苯溴马隆。因此,本发明提供的化合物具有更优异的促尿酸排泄作用和更高的安全性。基于这些性能,本发明的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐可应用于制备促尿酸排泄药物方面,用来治疗与尿酸排泄障碍相关的疾病,特别是应用于治疗或预防高尿酸血症、肾病或痛风药物方面,具有良好的应用前景。
具体实施方式
实施例1:(3,5-二溴-4-羟基苯基)(2-乙基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-基)甲酮(4)的合成
步骤A:将2-氨基吡啶(2.0g,21.3mmol)和三乙胺(2.58g,25.5mmol)溶解于二氯甲烷(20mL),然后在冰水浴下滴加丙酰氯(2.07g,22.4mmol),所得混合物自然升温到室温并继续搅拌过夜。加入水(40mL),用二氯甲烷(40mL×3)萃取,合并的有机相用饱和食盐水(30mL)洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥。减压蒸除溶剂,产物经柱层析纯化(200~300目硅胶,乙酸乙酯:石油醚=1:15~1:10洗脱),得N-(吡啶-2-基)丙酰胺(1)(2.74g)。收率为85.6%。
步骤B:将含有化合物1(300mg,2.0mmol)、2-溴-1-(4-甲氧基苯基)乙酮(460mg,2.0mmol)和甲苯(10mL)的混合物在回流下搅拌48小时。冷却到室温,加入水(30mL),用饱和碳酸钾水溶液调节pH值至8~9。用二氯甲烷(40mL×3)萃取,无水硫酸钠干燥。减压蒸除溶剂,产物经柱层析纯化(200~300目硅胶,乙酸乙酯:石油醚=1:30~1:1洗脱),得(2-乙基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-基)(4-甲氧基苯基)甲酮(2)(254mg)。收率为45.3%。1H NMR(DMSO-d6,500MHz)δ9.18(d,J=7.0Hz,1H),7.74-7.69(m,3H),7.58-7.55(m,1H),7.17-7.14(m,1H),7.09(d,J=8.5Hz,2H),3.87(s,3H),2.45(q,J=7.5Hz,2H),1.11(t,J=7.5Hz,3H)。MS(EI,m/z):281.1[M+H]+。
步骤C:在冰水浴下,将1.0M三溴化硼甲苯溶液(0.6mL)滴加到化合物2(80mg,0.285mmol)的无水二氯甲烷(6mL)溶液中,所得混合物在室温下搅拌过夜。将反应混合物倒入冰水(30mL)中,用饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液调节pH值至7~8。用乙酸乙酯(40mL×2)萃取,无水硫酸钠干燥。减压蒸除溶剂,产物经柱层析纯化(200~300目硅胶,乙酸乙酯:石油醚=1:20~1:1洗脱),得(2-乙基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-基)(4-羟基苯基)甲酮(3)(67mg)。收率为88.3%。1H NMR(DMSO-d6,300MHz)δ10.29(s,1H),9.11(d, J=6.6Hz,1H),7.71(d,J=9.0Hz,1H),7.62-7.51(m,3H),7.15-7.11(m,1H),6.90(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),2.45(q,J=7.5Hz,2H),1.12(t,J=7.5Hz,3H)。MS(EI,m/z):267.2[M+H]+。
步骤D:将溴(90mg,0.563mmol)的醋酸(1mL)溶液滴加到化合物3(67mg,0.252mmol)和乙酸钠(62mg,0.755mmol)的醋酸(5mL)溶液中,所得混合物在室温下搅拌3小时。向反应混合物中滴加饱和亚硫酸氢钠水溶液,直到颜色褪去。减压蒸除溶剂,然后加入水(30mL),用饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液调节pH值至7~8。用乙酸乙酯(40mL×2)萃取,无水硫酸钠干燥。减压蒸除溶剂,产物经柱层析纯化(200~300目硅胶,乙酸乙酯:石油醚=1:10~1:1洗脱),得(3,5-二溴-4-羟基苯基)(2-乙基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-基)甲酮(4)(48mg)。收率为44.9%。1H NMR(DMSO-d6,300MHz)δ9.19(d,J=6.9Hz,1H),7.87(s,2H),7.75(d,J=9.0Hz,1H),7.63-7.58(m,1H),7.22-7.17(m,1H),2.44(q,J=7.5Hz,2H),1.17(t,J=7.5Hz,3H)。MS(EI,m/z):422.9[M+H]+。
实施例2:(2-乙基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-基)(4-羟基-3,5-二碘苯基)甲酮(5)的合成
将含有化合物3(556mg,2.09mmol)、甲醇(40mL)、乙酸钠(367mg,4.58mmol)和碘(1.17g,4.61mmol)的混合物在回流下搅拌1小时。然后加入含有氢氧化钠(151mg,3.78mmol)的水(20mL)溶液,继续回流1小时。冷却到室温,加入饱和亚硫酸氢钠溶液(50mL),过滤,收集固体。固体用乙酸乙酯溶解,无水硫酸钠干燥。减压蒸除溶剂,产物经石油醚/乙酸乙酯重结晶,得(2-乙基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-基)(4-羟基-3,5-二碘苯基)甲酮(5)(924mg)。收率为85.3%。1H NMR(DMSO-d6,300MHz)δ9.17(d,J=6.9Hz,1H),8.05(s,2H),7.75(d,J=9.0Hz,1H),7.64-7.58(m,1H),7.22-7.17(m,1H),2.45(q,J=7.5Hz,2H),1.17(t,J=7.5Hz,3H)。MS(EI,m/z):518.8[M+H]+。
实施例3:(3-氯-4-羟基苯基)(2-乙基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-基)甲酮(8)和(3-氯-4-羟基-5-碘苯基)(2-乙基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-基)甲酮(9)的合成
步骤A:在0~5℃下,将溴乙酰溴(6.8g,33.7mmol)的二氯甲烷(10mL)溶液经过约20分钟滴加到2-氯苯甲醚(4.0g,28.1mmol)和三氯化铝(4.12g,30.9mmol)的二氯甲烷(30mL)溶液中。加毕,所得混合物在该温度下继续搅拌1.5小时。将反应液分批倒入冰水(100mL)中,用二氯甲烷(60mL×3)萃取,合并的有机相依次用水(30mL)、饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液(30mL×2)、水(30mL)和饱和食盐水(30mL)洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥。有机相再通过短硅胶柱过滤。减压蒸除溶剂,所得产物用石油醚/二氯甲烷重结晶,得2-溴-1-(3-氯-4-甲氧基苯基)乙酮(6)(3.37g)。收率为45.5%。
步骤B:将含有化合物1(780mg,5.23mmol)、化合物6(1.37g,5.20mmol)和甲苯(20mL)的混合物在回流下搅拌24小时。冷却到室温,加入水(50mL),用饱和碳酸钾水溶液调节pH值至8~9。用二氯甲烷(60mL×3)萃取,无水硫酸钠干燥。产物经柱层析纯化(200~300目硅胶,乙酸乙酯:石油醚=1:20~1:5洗脱),得(3-氯-4-甲氧基苯基)(2-乙基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-基)甲酮(7)(510mg)。收率为31.2%。
步骤C:在冰水浴下,将1.0M三溴化硼甲苯溶液(3.2mL)滴加到化合物7(500mg,1.59mmol)的无水二氯甲烷(15mL)溶液中,然后自然升温到室温搅拌过夜。将反应物倒入冰水(40mL)中,用饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液调节pH值至7~8。用乙酸乙酯(40mL×2)萃取,无水硫酸钠干燥。减压蒸除溶剂,产物经柱层析纯化(200~300目硅胶,乙酸乙酯:石油醚=1:5~3:1洗脱),得(3-氯-4-羟基苯基)(2-乙基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-基)甲酮(8)(380mg)。收率为79.5%。MS(EI,m/z):301.7[M+H]+。
步骤D:将含有化合物8(378mg,1.26mmol)、甲醇(30mL)、乙酸钠(114mg,1.39mmol)和碘(351mg,1.38mmol)的混合物在回流下搅拌1小时。然后加入含有氢氧化钠(45mg,1.13mmol)的水(13mL)溶液,继续回流1小时。冷却到室温,加入 饱和亚硫酸氢钠溶液(30mL),过滤,收集固体。固体用乙酸乙酯溶解,无水硫酸钠干燥。减压蒸除溶剂,产物经石油醚/乙酸乙酯重结晶,得(3-氯-4-羟基-5-碘苯基)(2-乙基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-基)甲酮(9)(430mg)。收率为85.3%。1H NMR(DMSO-d6,500MHz)δ9.04(d,J=7.0Hz,1H),7.95(d,J=1.5Hz,1H),7.71-7.68(m,2H),7.54-7.51(m,1H),7.13-7.10(m,1H),2.49-2.47(m,2H),1.18(t,J=7.5Hz,3H)。MS(EI,m/z):426.9[M+H]+。
实施例4:3-氯-5-(2-乙基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-羰基)-2-羟基苯甲腈(10)的合成
将含有化合物9(393mg,0.921mmol)、氰化亚铜(124mg,1.38mmol)和DMF(5mL)的混合物在130℃搅拌过夜。冷却到室温,加入水(30mL),用乙酸乙酯(30mL×3)萃取,合并的有机相依次用水(20mL×2)和饱和食盐水(10mL)洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥。减压蒸除溶剂,产物经柱层析纯化(200~300目硅胶,先用乙酸乙酯:石油醚=2:1~5:1,然后用乙酸乙酯:甲醇=30:1洗脱),得3-氯-5-(2-乙基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-羰基)-2-羟基苯甲腈(10)。1H NMR(DMSO-d6,300MHz)δ9.11(d,J=6.3Hz,1H),7.94-7.90(m,2H),7.80-7.77(m,1H),7.68-7.63(m,1H),7.26-7.21(m,1H),2.50-2.48(m,2H),1.17(t,J=7.2Hz,3H)。MS(EI,m/z):324.0[M-H]-。
实施例5:(3-溴-4-羟基-5-碘苯基)(2-乙基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-基)甲酮(11)的合成
化合物11的制备方法参见实施例3,其中实施例3步骤A中的2-氯苯甲醚用2-溴苯甲醚替代。1H NMR(DMSO-d6,300MHz)δ9.16(d,J=6.9Hz,1H),8.03(d,J=1.8Hz,1H),7.87(d,J=1.8Hz,1H),7.74(d,J=8.7Hz,1H),7.62-7.56(m,1H),7.20-7.16(m,1H),2.43(t,J=7.5Hz,2H),1.18(t,J=7.5Hz,3H)。MS(EI,m/z):470.9[M+H]+。
实施例6:(2-乙基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-基)(4-羟基-3-碘-5-甲基苯基)甲酮(12)的合成
化合物12的制备方法参见实施例3,其中实施例3步骤A中的2-氯苯甲醚用2-甲基苯甲醚替代。1H NMR(DMSO-d6,300MHz)δ9.91(s,1H),9.14(dd,J=0.9,6.9Hz,1H),7.88(s,1H),7.74-7.71(m,1H),7.59-7.51(m,2H),7.18-7.13(m,1H),2.44(t,J=7.5Hz,2H),2.30(s,3H),1.17(t,J=7.5Hz,3H)。MS(EI,m/z):406.9[M+H]+。
实施例7:(2-乙基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-基)(4-羟基-3-碘苯基)甲酮(13)的合成
化合物13的制备方法参见实施例3中的步骤A、B和C,其中实施例3步骤A中的2-氯苯甲醚用2-碘苯甲醚替代。1H NMR(DMSO-d6,500MHz)δ11.16(s,1H),9.13(d,J=7.0Hz,1H),8.02(d,J=1.5Hz,1H),7.71(d,J=8.5Hz,1H),7.61(dd,J=2.0,8.0Hz,1H),7.57-7.54(m,1H),7.16-7.13(m,1H),7.01(d,J=8.5Hz,1H),2.45(q,J=7.5Hz,2H),1.15(t,J=7.5Hz,3H)。MS(EI,m/z):392.9[M+H]+。
实施例8:5-(2-乙基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-羰基)-2-羟基苯甲腈(14)的合成
化合物13和氰化亚铜在DMF中反应得化合物14。具体实验操作参见实施例4。
1H NMR(DMSO-d6,500MHz)δ11.91(s,1H),9.19(d,J=6.5Hz,1H),7.98(d,J=2.0Hz,1H),7.85(dd,J=2.0,8.5Hz,1H),7.74(d,J=9.0Hz,1H),7.61-7.57(m,1H),7.19-7.15(m,2H),2.43(q,J=7.5Hz,2H),1.13(t,J=7.5Hz,3H)。MS(EI,m/z):292.0[M+H]+。
实施例9:(3-氯-4-羟基苯基)(2-乙基-6-氟咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-基)甲酮(17)和(3-溴-5-氯-4-羟基苯基)(2-乙基-6-氟咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-基)甲酮(18)的合成
步骤A:将2-氨基-5-氟吡啶(2.5g,22.3mmol)和三乙胺(2.71g,26.8mmol)溶解于二氯甲烷(25mL),然后在冰水浴下滴加丙酰氯(2.17g,23.5mmol),所得混合物自然升温到室温并继续搅拌过夜。加入水(40mL),用二氯甲烷(40mL×3)萃取,合并的有机相用饱和食盐水(30mL)洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥。减压蒸除溶剂,产物经柱层析纯化(200~300目硅胶,乙酸乙酯:石油醚=1:5洗脱),得N-(5-氟吡啶-2-基)丙酰胺(15)(3.04g)。收率为81.1%。
步骤B:将含有化合物15(960mg,5.71mmol)、化合物6(1.50g,5.69mmol)和二甲苯(30mL)的混合物在回流下搅拌过夜。冷却到室温,加入水(30mL),用饱和碳酸钾水溶液调节pH值至8~9。用二氯甲烷(40mL×3)萃取,无水硫酸钠干燥。减压蒸除溶剂,产物经柱层析纯化(200~300目硅胶,乙酸乙酯:石油醚=1:30~1:1洗脱),得(3-氯-4-甲氧基苯基)(2-乙基-6-氟咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-基)甲酮(16)(270mg)。收率为14.3%。
步骤C:在冰水浴下,将1.0M三溴化硼甲苯溶液(2.4mL)滴加到化合物16(262mg,0.787mmol)的无水二氯甲烷(10mL)溶液中,所得混合物在室温下搅拌6小时。将反应混合物倒入冰水(30mL)中,用饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液调节pH值至7~8。用乙酸乙酯(40mL×3)萃取,无水硫酸钠干燥。减压蒸除溶剂,产物经柱层析纯化(200~300目硅胶,乙酸乙酯:石油醚=1:6~4:1洗脱),得(3-氯-4-羟基苯基)(2-乙基-6-氟咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-基)甲酮(17)(90mg)。收率为35.9%。MS(EI,m/z):339.7[M+H]+。
步骤D:将溴(25mg,0.156mmol)的醋酸(1mL)溶液滴加到化合物17(41mg,0.129mmol)和乙酸钠(26mg,0.317mmol)的醋酸(5mL)溶液中,所得混合物在室温下搅拌1.5小时。向反应混合物中滴加饱和亚硫酸氢钠水溶液,直到颜色褪去。减压蒸 除溶剂,然后加入水(20mL),用饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液调节pH值至7~8。用乙酸乙酯(30mL×3)萃取,无水硫酸钠干燥。减压蒸除溶剂,产物经柱层析纯化(200~300目硅胶,乙酸乙酯:石油醚=1:6~1:3洗脱),得(3-溴-5-氯-4-羟基苯基)(2-乙基-6-氟咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-基)甲酮(18)。1H NMR(DMSO-d6,500MHz)δ11.06(s,1H),9.22-9.21(m,1H),7.86-7.83(m,2H),7.76-7.70(m,2H),2.43(q,J=7.5Hz,2H),1.16(t,J=7.5Hz,3H)。MS(EI,m/z):398.9[M+H]+。
实施例10:(3-氯-4-羟基-5-碘苯基)(2-乙基-6-氟咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-基)甲酮(19)的合成
将含有化合物17(41mg,0.129mmol)、甲醇(10mL)、乙酸钠(12mg,0.146mmol)和碘(36mg,0.142mmol)的混合物在回流下搅拌1小时。然后加入含有氢氧化钠(5mg,0.125mmol)的水(3mL)溶液,继续回流1小时。冷却到室温,加入饱和亚硫酸氢钠溶液(10mL),过滤,收集固体。固体用乙酸乙酯溶解,无水硫酸钠干燥。减压蒸除溶剂,产物经石油醚/乙酸乙酯重结晶,得(3-氯-4-羟基-5-碘苯基)(2-乙基-6-氟咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-基)甲酮(19)。1H NMR(DMSO-d6,500MHz)δ9.13(s,1H),7.97(d,J=2.0Hz,1H),7.83-7.80(m,1H),7.71(d,J=2.0Hz,1H),7.69-7.65(m,1H),2.46(q,J=7.5Hz,2H),1.17(t,J=7.5Hz,3H)。MS(EI,m/z):444.9[M+H]+。
实施例11:5-(2-乙基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-羰基)-2-羟基-3-甲基苯甲腈(24)的合成
步骤A:将乙酸-(2-甲基)苯酯通过重排反应得到的3-甲基-4-羟基苯乙酮(20)(4.95g,33.0mmol)、甲醇(80mL)、乙酸钠(2.98g,36.3mmol)和碘(9.21g,36.3mmol)的混合物在回流下搅拌1小时。然后加入含有氢氧化钠(1.19g,29.7mmol)的水(55mL)溶液,继续回流1小时。减压蒸除大部分溶剂,过滤,收集固体。固体用乙酸乙酯(200mL)溶解,然后依次用饱和亚硫酸氢钠溶液(40mL)和饱和食盐水(40mL)洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥。减压蒸除溶剂,得1-(4-羟基-3-碘-5-甲基苯基)乙酮(21)(7.91g)。收率为86.8%。
步骤B:将含有化合物21(3.90g,14.1mmol)、氰化亚铜(1.90g,21.2mmol)和DMF(25mL)的混合物在130℃搅拌过夜。冷却到室温,加入水(100mL),用乙酸乙酯(50mL×3)萃取,合并的有机相依次用水(30mL×2)和饱和食盐水(30mL)洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥。减压蒸除溶剂,产物经柱层析纯化(200~300目硅胶,乙酸乙酯:石油醚=1:15~1:3洗脱),得5-乙酰基-2-羟基-3-甲基苯甲腈(22)(2.07g)。收率为83.8%。
步骤C:将溴(548mg,3.43mmol)的甲醇(4mL)溶液滴加到化合物22(500mg,2.85mmol)的甲醇(10mL)溶液中,所得混合物在室温下搅拌6小时。加入水(50mL),用乙酸乙酯(40mL×3)萃取,合并的有机相用饱和食盐水(20mL)洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥。减压蒸除溶剂,得5-(2-溴-乙酰基)-2-羟基-3-甲基苯甲腈(23)(800mg)。该化合物不经纯化直接用于下一步反应。
步骤D:将含有化合物23粗品(800mg)、化合物1(600mg,3.99mmol)和甲苯(15mL)的混合物在回流下搅拌过夜。冷却到室温,加入甲醇(15mL)和碳酸钾(1.10g,8.00mmol),所得混合物在室温下搅拌30分钟。加入水(40mL),用乙酸乙酯(50mL×3)萃取,无水硫酸钠干燥。减压蒸除溶剂,产物经柱层析纯化(200~300目硅胶,乙酸乙酯:石油醚=1:30~1:1洗脱),得5-(2-乙基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-羰基)-2-羟基-3-甲基苯甲腈(24)。1H NMR(DMSO-d6,300MHz)δ10.99(s,1H),9.15(d,J=6.9Hz,1H),7.79(s,1H),7.74-7.72(m,2H),7.60-7.55(m,1H),7.19-7.14(m,1H),2.43(q,J=7.5Hz,2H),2.26(s,3H),1.14(t,J=7.5Hz,3H)。MS(EI,m/z):306.1[M+H]+。
实施例12:(2-乙基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-基)[4-羟基-3-(三氟甲基)苯基]甲酮(28)和[3-溴-4-羟基-5-(三氟甲基)苯基](2-乙基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-基)甲酮(29)的合成
步骤A:将含有甲醇钠(288mg,5.33mmol)、1-[4-氟-3-(三氟甲基)苯基]乙酮(1.0g,4.85mmol)和DMF(5mL)的混合物在在冰水浴下搅拌2小时,然后自然升温到室温搅拌过夜。加入水(30mL),用乙酸乙酯(30mL×3)萃取,合并的有机相依次用饱和食盐水(20mL)洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥。减压蒸除溶剂,产物经柱层析纯化(200~300目硅胶,乙酸乙酯:石油醚=1:40洗脱),得1-[4-甲氧基-3-(三氟甲基)苯基]乙酮(25)(950mg)。收率为89.8%。
步骤B和C的实验操作分别参见实施例11中的步骤C和D。
步骤D:将60%氢化钠(69mg,1.73mmol)分批加入到乙硫醇(107mg,1.73mmol)的DMF(5mL)溶液中,搅拌约5分钟后再将化合物27(200mg,0.574mmol)的DMF(3mL)溶液加入上述反应混合物中,所得混合物在120℃搅拌2小时。冷却到室温,加入水(40mL),用2M盐酸调节pH值至8~9。然后用乙酸乙酯(40mL×3)萃取,合并的有机相依次用水(30mL)和饱和食盐水(20mL)洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥。减压蒸除溶剂,产物经柱层析纯化(200~300目硅胶,乙酸乙酯:石油醚=1:1洗脱),得(2-乙基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-基)[4-羟基-3-(三氟甲基)苯基]甲酮(28)(120mg)。收率为62.6%。
1H NMR(DMSO-d6,300MHz)δ11.55(s,1H),9.17(d,J=6.9Hz,1H),7.86(d,J=6.0Hz,2H),7.75(d,J=9.0Hz,1H),7.63-7.57(m,1H),7.21-7.16(m,1H),2.43(q,J=7.5Hz,2H),1.15(t,J=7.5Hz,3H)。MS(EI,m/z):335.1[M+H]+。
步骤E:将溴(55mg,0.344mmol)的醋酸(1mL)溶液滴加到化合物28(96mg,0.287mmol)和乙酸钠(59mg,0.719mmol)的醋酸(5mL)溶液中,所得混合物在室温下搅拌1.5小时。向反应混合物中滴加饱和亚硫酸氢钠水溶液,直到颜色褪去。减压蒸除溶剂,然后加入水(20mL),用饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液调节pH值至7~8。用乙酸乙酯(40mL×2)萃取,无水硫酸钠干燥。减压蒸除溶剂,产物经柱层析纯化(200~300目硅胶,乙酸乙酯:石油醚=1:5~3:2洗脱),得[3-溴-4-羟基-5-(三氟甲基)苯基](2-乙基咪唑并 [1,2-a]吡啶-3-基)甲酮(29)(85mg)。收率为71.9%。1H NMR(DMSO-d6,500MHz)δ9.19(d,J=6.5Hz,1H),8.15(s,1H),7.88(s,1H),7.77(d,J=9.0Hz,1H),7.66-7.62(m,1H),7.24-7.21(m,1H),2.41(q,J=7.5Hz,2H),1.16(t,J=7.5Hz,3H)。MS(EI,m/z):413.0[M+H]+。
实施例13:(3,5-二溴-4-羟基苯基)(2-乙基-6-甲基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-基)甲酮(30)的合成
化合物30的制备方法参见实施例1,其中实施例1步骤A中的2-氨基吡啶用2-氨基-5-甲基吡啶替代。1H NMR(DMSO-d6,500MHz)δ9.04(s,1H),7.87(s,2H),7.69(d,J=9.0Hz,1H),7.52(d,J=9.0Hz,1H),2.42-2.38(m,5H),1.15(t,J=7.5Hz,3H)。MS(EI,m/z):436.9[M-H]-。
实施例14:(3,5-二溴-4-羟基苯基)(2-乙基-6-甲氧基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-基)甲酮(33)的合成
步骤A:将溴(960mg,6.0mmol)的醋酸(5mL)溶液滴加到2-溴-1-(4-羟基苯基)乙酮(639mg,2.98mmol)和乙酸钠(740mg,9.02mmol)的醋酸(10mL)溶液中,所得混合物在室温下搅拌10分钟。加入水(40mL),过滤,收集固体。固体用乙酸乙酯溶解,无水硫酸钠干燥。减压蒸除溶剂,得2-溴-1-(3,5-二溴-4-羟基苯基)乙酮(31)(890mg)。收率为80.1%。
步骤B:将2-氨基-5-甲氧基吡啶(1.0g,8.05mmol)和三乙胺(981mg,9.69mmol) 溶解于二氯甲烷(8mL),然后在冰水浴下滴加丙酰氯(777mg,8.40mmol),所得混合物自然升温到室温并继续搅拌过夜。加入水(40mL),用二氯甲烷(30mL×3)萃取,合并的有机相用饱和食盐水(30mL)洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥。减压蒸除溶剂,产物经柱层析纯化(200~300目硅胶,乙酸乙酯:石油醚=1:30~1:8洗脱),所得产物再用石油醚重结晶,得N-(5-甲氧基吡啶-2-基)丙酰胺(32)(349mg)。收率为24.1%。
步骤C:将含有化合物31(790mg,2.12mmol)、化合物32(340mg,1.89mmol)和甲苯(20mL)的混合物在回流下搅拌48小时。冷却到室温,加入水(50mL),用饱和碳酸钾水溶液调节pH值至8~9。用二氯甲烷(50mL×3)萃取,无水硫酸钠干燥。减压蒸除溶剂,产物经柱层析纯化(200~300目硅胶,乙酸乙酯:石油醚=1:10~2:5洗脱),得(3,5-二溴-4-羟基苯基)(2-乙基-6-甲氧基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-基)甲酮(33)(87mg)。收率为10.1%。1H NMR(DMSO-d6,500MHz)δ8.71(s,1H),7.79(s,2H),7.64(d,J=10.0Hz,1H),7.34(d,J=10.0Hz,1H),3.81(s,3H),2.45(q,J=7.5Hz,2H),1.16(t,J=7.5Hz,3H)。MS(EI,m/z):452.9[M-H]-。
实施例15:3-溴-5-(2-乙基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-羰基)-2-羟基苯甲腈(38)的合成
步骤A:在冰水浴下,将4-甲氧基苯乙酮(44g,293mmol)加到含有1-氯甲基-4-氟-1,4-二氮杂双环[2.2.2]辛烷二(四氟硼酸)盐(104g,294mmol)、碘(38.6g,152mmol)和乙腈(440mL)的混合物中。加毕,所得混合物在室温下搅拌过夜。向反应混合物中加入水(1350mL),有大量固体析出。过滤,干燥,得3-碘-4-甲氧基苯乙酮(34)(70g)。收率为86.5%。
步骤B:将含有化合物34(70.0g,254mmol)、氰化亚铜(34.0g,380mmol)和DMF(400mL)的混合物在130℃搅拌过夜。冷却到室温,经硅藻土过滤后,加入水(1600 mL),用乙酸乙酯(800mL×3)萃取,合并的有机相依次用水(400mL×2)和饱和食盐水(400mL)洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥。减压蒸除溶剂,得5-乙酰基-2-甲氧基苯甲腈(35)(50.0g)。该化合物不经进一步处理直接用于下一步反应。
步骤C:将溴(49.0g,307mmol)的甲醇(50mL)溶液滴加到化合物35粗品(45.0g)的甲醇(250mL)溶液中,所得混合物在室温下搅拌过夜。加入水(900mL),过滤,干燥,得5-(2-溴-乙酰基)-2-羟基-3-甲基苯甲腈(36)(41.0g)。步骤B和C两步反应总收率为70.6%。
步骤D:将含有化合物36(41.0g,161mmol)、化合物1(24.0g,161mmol)和甲苯(600mL)的混合物在回流下搅拌48小时。冷却到室温,加入水(400mL),用饱和碳酸氢钠溶液调节pH值至7~8。用乙酸乙酯(600mL×3)萃取,无水硫酸钠干燥。减压蒸除溶剂,产物经柱层析纯化(200~300目硅胶,乙酸乙酯:石油醚=1:30~2:1洗脱),得5-(2-乙基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-羰基)-2-甲氧基苯甲腈(37)(25.7g)。收率为52.3%。
步骤E:在冰水浴下,将60%氢化钠(4.8g,120mmol)分批加入到乙硫醇(8.4mL)的THF(30mL)溶液中,搅拌约5分钟后过滤,收集滤饼。再将该滤饼加入到含有化合物37(9.0g,29.5mmol)和DMF(25mL)的混合物中,所得混合物在60℃搅拌2小时。冷却到室温,经硅藻土过滤后,加入水(100mL),用2M柠檬酸水溶液调节pH值至5~6。过滤,滤饼用乙腈重结晶,得5-(2-乙基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-羰基)-2-羟基苯甲腈(14)(7.2g)。收率为83.8%。
步骤F:将NBS(5.28g,29.7mmol)分批加入到化合物14(7.2g,24.7mmol)的DMF(70mL)溶液中,加毕,所得混合物在室温下搅拌1小时。加入水(210mL),过滤,滤饼用水(100mL×3)洗涤,再用乙腈重结晶,得3-溴-5-(2-乙基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-羰基)-2-羟基苯甲腈(38)(7.0g)。收率为76.8%。1H NMR(DMSO-d6,300MHz)δ9.01(d,J=6.9Hz,1H),8.02(s,1H),7.83(s,1H),7.78-7.75(m,1H),7.65-7.59(m,1H),7.22-7.17(m,1H),2.58-2.50(m,2H),1.19(t,J=7.2Hz,3H)。MS(EI,m/z):368.0[M-H]-。
实施例16:5-(2-乙基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-羰基)-2-羟基-3-碘苯甲腈(39)的合成
将化合物14和碘在甲醇中进行碘代反应,得5-(2-乙基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-羰基)-2- 羟基-3-碘苯甲腈(39),具体实验操作参见实施例10。1H NMR(DMSO-d6,500MHz)δ9.04(d,J=7.0Hz,1H),8.23(d,J=1.5Hz,1H),7.87(s,1H),7.77(d,J=8.5Hz,1H),7.66-7.63(m,1H),7.23-7.21(m,1H),2.56-2.50(m,2H),1.20(t,J=7.5Hz,3H)。MS(EI,m/z):416.0[M-H]-。
实施例17:5-(2-乙基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-羰基)-3-氟-2-羟基苯甲腈(40)的合成
化合物40的制备方法参见实施例11中的步骤A、B和C以及实施例14中的步骤C,其中实施例11步骤A中的3-甲基-4-羟基苯乙酮用3-氟-4-羟基苯乙酮替代,实施例14步骤C中的化合物32用化合物1替代。1H NMR(DMSO-d6,300MHz)δ9.18(d,J=6.9Hz,1H),7.83-7.75(m,3H),7.64-7.59(m,1H),7.23-7.18(m,1H),2.46-2.41(m,2H),1.15(t,J=7.2Hz,3H)。MS(EI,m/z):310.1[M+H]+。
实施例18:(3,5-二溴-4-羟基苯基)(2-丙基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-基)甲酮(41)的合成
化合物41的制备方法参见实施例1,其中实施例1步骤A中的丙酰氯用丁酰氯替代。
1H NMR(DMSO-d6,500MHz)δ10.81(s,1H),9.18(d,J=6.5Hz,1H),7.86(s,2H),7.73(d,J=9.0Hz,1H),7.61-7.58(m,1H),7.19-7.17(m,1H),2.38(q,J=7.5Hz,2H),1.68-1.63(m,2H),0.76(t,J=7.5Hz,3H)。MS(EI,m/z):436.9[M-H]-。
实施例19:(2-乙基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-基)(2-乙硫基-4-羟基苯基)甲酮(44)的合成
化合物44的制备方法参见实施例12中的步骤B、C和D,其中实施例12步骤B中的化合物25用1-(2-氟-4-甲氧基苯基)乙酮替代。1H NMR(DMSO-d6,500MHz)δ10.08(s,1H),9.42(d,J=7.0Hz,1H),7.74(d,J=8.5Hz,1H),7.63-7.59(m,1H),7.27-7.20(m,2H),6.88(d,J=2.0Hz,1H),6.68(dd,J=2.0,8.0Hz,1H),2.88(q,J=7.5Hz,2H),2.26(q,J=7.5Hz,2H),1.16(t,J=7.5Hz,3H),1.05(t,J=7.5Hz,3H)。MS(EI,m/z):325.1[M-H]-。
实施例20:(3-溴-5-氯-4-羟基苯基)(2-乙基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-基)甲酮(45)的合成
以化合物8为原料,化合物45的制备方法参见实施例9中的步骤D。1H NMR(DMSO-d6,500MHz)δ9.19(d,J=6.5Hz,1H),7.83(d,J=2.0Hz,1H),7.76-7.74(m,2H),7.61-7.58(m,1H),7.20-7.17(m,1H),2.43(q,J=7.5Hz,2H),1.16(t,J=7.5Hz,3H)。MS(EI,m/z):379.0[M-H]-。
实施例21:(3-溴-5-氟-4-羟基苯基)(2-乙基-6-氟咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-基)甲酮(48)的合成
步骤A:将NBS(977mg,5.49mmol)分批加入到3-氟-4-羟基苯乙酮(806mg,5.23mmol)的DMF(10mL)中,所得混合物在室温下搅拌过夜。加入水(50mL),用乙酸乙酯(50mL×3)萃取,合并的有机相依次用水(30mL×3)和饱和食盐水(30mL)洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥。减压蒸除溶剂,所得产物用石油醚/乙酸乙酯重结晶,得3-溴-5-氟-4-羟基苯乙酮(46)(1.0g)。收率为82.0%。
步骤B:将溴(824mg,5.16mmol)的甲醇(5mL)溶液滴加到化合物46(1.0g,4.29mmol)的甲醇(20mL)溶液中,所得混合物在室温下搅拌过夜。加入水(60mL),用乙酸乙酯(60mL×3)萃取,合并的有机相用饱和食盐水(30mL)洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥。减压蒸除溶剂,产物经柱层析纯化(200~300目硅胶,乙酸乙酯:石油醚=1:5洗脱),得2-溴-1-(3-溴-5-氟-4-羟基苯基)乙酮(47)(940mg)。收率为70.2%。
步骤C:将含有化合物15(210mg,1.25mmol)、化合物47(300mg,0.962mmol)和N-甲基吡咯烷酮(10mL)的混合物在150℃搅拌过夜。冷却到室温,加入水(50mL),用饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液调节pH值至7~8,再用2M柠檬酸水溶液调节pH值至5~6。用乙酸乙酯(50mL×3)萃取,无水硫酸钠干燥。减压蒸除溶剂,产物经柱层析纯化(200~300目硅胶,乙酸乙酯:石油醚=1:25~1:5洗脱),得(3-溴-5-氟-4-羟基苯基)(2-乙基-6-氟咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-基)甲酮(48)。1H NMR(DMSO-d6,500MHz)δ11.44(s,1H),9.24-9.22(m,1H),7.88-7.85(m,1H),7.75-7.71(m,2H),7.63-7.60(m,1H),2.47(q,J=7.5Hz,2H),1.18(t,J=7.5Hz,3H)。MS(EI,m/z):379.0[M-H]-。
实施例22:(2-乙基-6-氟咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-基)(3-氟-4-羟基-5-碘苯基)甲酮(51)的合成
以化合物15为原料,化合物51的制备方法参见实施例9中的步骤B和C以及实施例10。1H NMR(DMSO-d6,300MHz)δ11.44(s,1H),9.19-9.17(m,1H),7.86-7.81(m,2H),7.73-7.66(m,1H),7.60-7.56(m,1H),2.49-2.41(m,2H),1.16(t,J=7.5Hz,3H)。MS(EI,m/z):427.1[M-H]-。
实施例23:(3,5-二溴-4-羟基苯基)(2-乙基-6-羟基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-基)甲酮(52)的合成
以化合物33为原料,化合物52的制备方法参见实施例1中的步骤C。1H NMR(DMSO-d6,400MHz)δ10.00(s,1H),8.92(s,1H),7.84(s,2H),7.63(d,J=9.6Hz,1H),7.31-7.29(m,1H),2.37(q,J=7.6Hz,2H),1.13(t,J=7.6Hz,3H)。MS(EI,m/z):441.0[M+H]+。
实施例24:(6-溴-2-乙基-7-甲基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-基)(3,5-二溴-4-羟基苯基)甲酮(56)的合成
步骤A:在-10~0℃下,将60%氢化钠(1.68g,42mmol)分批加入到对甲氧基苯乙酮(3.0g,20.0mmol)的DMF(15mL)溶液中。加完后在该温度下继续搅拌40分钟,然后滴入丙酸乙酯(2.04g,20mmol)。加毕,自然升温到室温搅拌过夜。加入水(60mL),用乙酸乙酯(30mL×3)萃取,合并的有机相用饱和食盐水(20mL×2)洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥。减压蒸除溶剂,产物经柱层析纯化(200~300目硅胶,乙酸乙酯:石油醚=1:30洗脱),得1-(4-甲氧基苯基)戊烷-1.3-二酮(53)(3.16g)。收率为76.6%。
步骤B:将2-氨基-5-溴-4-甲基吡啶(187mg,1.0mmol)和化合物53(247mg,1.20mmol)溶解于THF(6mL),然后在冰水浴下依次加入碘苯二乙酸(386mg,1.20mmol)和三氟化硼乙醚(28mg,0.2mmol),加毕,自然升到室温搅拌过夜。加入水(30mL),用饱和碳酸氢钠溶液调节pH值至7~8,然后用乙酸乙酯(30mL×3)萃取,合并的有机相用饱和食盐水(20mL)洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥。减压蒸除溶剂,产物经柱层析纯化(200~300目硅胶,乙酸乙酯:石油醚=1:30洗脱),得(6-溴-2-乙基-7-甲基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-基)(4-甲氧基苯基)甲酮(54)(120mg)。收率为32.2%。
步骤C和D的实验操作参见实施例1中的步骤C和D,得(6-溴-2-乙基-7-甲基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-基)(3,5-二溴-4-羟基苯基)甲酮(56)。1H NMR(DMSO-d6,400MHz)δ9.35(s,1H),7.86(s,2H),7.80(s,1H),2.50-2.41(m,5H),1.16(t,J=7.6Hz,3H)。MS(EI,m/z):518.9[M+H]+。
实施例25:(3,5-二溴-4-羟基苯基)(2-乙基-7-三氟甲基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-基)甲酮(57)的合成
化合物57的制备方法参见实施例24中的步骤B和实施例1中的步骤C和D,其中实施例24步骤B中的2-氨基-5-溴-4-甲基吡啶用2-氨基-4-三氟甲基吡啶替代。1H NMR(DMSO-d6,400MHz)δ9.23(d,J=7.2Hz,1H),8.27(s,1H),7.93(s,2H),7.45(dd,J=2.0,7.2Hz,1H),2.50-2.48(m,2H),1.20(t,J=7.2Hz,3H)。MS(EI,m/z):492.9[M+H]+。
实施例26:3-(3,5-二溴-4-羟基苯基)-2-乙基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-6-甲腈(58)的合成
化合物58的制备方法参见实施例24中的步骤B和实施例1中的步骤C和D,其中实施例24步骤B中的2-氨基-5-溴-4-甲基吡啶用2-氨基-5-氰基吡啶替代。1H NMR(DMSO-d6,400MHz)δ9.56-9.55(m,1H),7.92-7.89(m,3H),7.86-7.83(m,1H),2.48-2.46(m,2H),1.22-1.17(m,3H)。MS(EI,m/z):450.0[M+H]+。
实施例27:(2-氘-4-羟基苯基)(2-乙基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-基)甲酮(62)和(2-氘-3,5-二溴-4-羟基苯基)(2-乙基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-基)甲酮(63)的合成
步骤A:向含有2-溴-4-甲氧基苯乙酮(1.28g,5.59mmol)、DMF(10mL)和重水(0.5mL)的混合物中加入5%钯碳(100mg),所得混合物在氘气下常压搅拌过夜。通过硅澡土过滤后,加入水(40mL),用乙酸乙酯(30mL×2)萃取,合并的有机相用水(10mL×4)洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥。减压蒸除溶剂,得2-氘-4-甲氧基苯乙酮(59)(910mg)。收率为100%。
步骤B的实验操作参见实施例15中的步骤C。步骤C、D和E的实验操作参见实施例1中的步骤B、C和D,得(2-氘-4-羟基苯基)(2-乙基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-基)甲酮(62), 1HNMR(DMSO-d6,400MHz)δ11.20(s,1H),9.16(d,J=6.8Hz,1H),7.85(s,1H),7.74(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),7.61-7.56(m,2H),7.19-7.15(m,1H),7.11-7.09(m,1H),2.46(q,J=7.2Hz,2H),1.15(t,J=7.2Hz,3H)。MS(EI,m/z):268.2[M+H]+;以及(2-氘-3,5-二溴-4-羟基苯基)(2-乙基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-基)甲酮(63),1H NMR(DMSO-d6,400MHz)δ9.19(d,J=6.8Hz,1H),7.88(s,1H),7.76(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),7.63-7.59(m,1H),7.21-7.18(m,1H),2.44(q,J=7.2Hz,2H),1.17(t,J=7.2Hz,3H)。MS(EI,m/z):426.0[M+H]+。
实施例28:(6-氘-2-乙基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-基)(3,5-二溴-4-羟基苯基)甲酮(69)的合成
步骤A:将含有2-氨基-5-溴吡啶(5.19g,30.0mmol)、二异丙基乙胺(8.58g,66.4mmol)、4-二甲氨基吡啶(366mg,3.0mmol)、二碳酸二叔丁酯(14.4g,66.0mmol)和二氯甲烷(100mL)的混合物在室温下搅拌过夜。减压蒸除溶剂,产物经柱层析纯化(200~300目硅胶,乙酸乙酯:石油醚=1:50洗脱),再用石油醚重结晶,得亚氨基二碳酸[2-(4-溴-2-吡啶基)-1,3-二(1,1-二甲基乙基)]酯(64)(5.38g)。收率为48.0%。
步骤B:将化合物64(5.59g,15.0mmol)悬浮在DMF(25mL)中,加入重水(0.5mL)及5%钯碳(200mg),所得混合物在氘气下常压搅拌48小时。通过硅澡土过滤后, 加入水(100mL),用乙酸乙酯(50mL×3)萃取,合并的有机相用水(30mL×3)洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥。减压蒸除溶剂,产物经柱层析纯化(200~300目硅胶,乙酸乙酯:石油醚=1:40~1:1洗脱),得亚氨基二碳酸[2-(4-氘-2-吡啶基)-1,3-二(1,1-二甲基乙基)]酯(65)(2.70g)。收率为60.9%。
步骤C:将含有化合物65(2.69g,9.11mmol)、三氟乙酸(4mL)、水(0.5mL)和二氯甲烷(20mL)的混合物在室温下搅拌过夜。加入水(30mL),用2M氢氧化钠溶液调节pH值至8~9,然后用乙酸乙酯(40mL×3)萃取,无水硫酸钠干燥。减压蒸除溶剂,产物经柱层析纯化(200~300目硅胶,乙酸乙酯:石油醚=1:10~1:1洗脱),得2-氨基-4-氘吡啶(66)(676mg)。收率为78.0%。
步骤D、E和F的实验操作参见实施例25中的步骤B、C和D,得(6-氘-2-乙基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-基)(3,5-二溴-4-羟基苯基)甲酮(69)。1H NMR(DMSO-d6,400MHz)δ9.20-9.19(m,1H),7.88(s,2H),7.77-7.75(m,1H),7.64-7.59(m,1H),2.43(q,J=7.6Hz,2H),1.16(t,J=7.6Hz,3H)。MS(EI,m/z):426.0[M+H]+。
实施例29:(2-环丙基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-基)(3,5-二溴-4-羟基苯基)甲酮(73)的合成
步骤A和B的实验操作参见实施例24中的步骤A和B,其中实施例24步骤A中的丙酸乙酯用环丙基甲酸乙酯替代,步骤B中的2-氨基-5-溴-4-甲基吡啶用2-氨基吡啶替代,得(2-环丙基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-基)(4-甲氧基苯基)甲酮(73)。1H NMR(DMSO-d6,400MHz)δ9.24-9.23(m,1H),7.81-7.79(m,2H),7.68-7.65(m,1H),7.58-7.56(m,1H),7.16-7.09(m,3H),3.87(s,3H),1.56-1.54(m,1H),1.08-1.06(m,2H),0.88-0.85(m,2H)。
步骤C的实验操作参见实施例15中的步骤E,得(2-环丙基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-基)(4-羟基苯基)甲酮(72)。1H NMR(DMSO-d6,400MHz)δ9.17-9.16(m,1H),7.72-7.70(m,2H),7.66-7.64(m,1H),7.55-7.51(m,1H),7.14-7.10(m,1H),6.91-6.89(m,2H),1.62-1.60(m,1H),1.07-1.05(m,2H),0.88-0.85(m,2H)。
步骤D的实验操作参见实施例15中的步骤F,得(2-环丙基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-基)(3,5-二溴-4-羟基苯基)甲酮(73)。1H NMR(DMSO-d6,400MHz)δ9.25-9.23(m,1H),7.97(s,2H),7.70-7.68(m,1H),7.61-7.57(m,1H),7.20-7.16(m,1H),1.58-1.55(m,1H),1.13-1.10(m,2H),0.94-0.89(m,2H)。MS(EI,m/z):437.0[M+H]+。
实施例30:3-溴-5-(2-乙基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-羰基)-2-羟基苯甲腈盐酸盐(74)的合成
将含有化合物38(970mg,2.62mmol)和乙酸乙酯(200mL)的混合物加热到回流并继续搅拌20分钟,得到澄清溶液。然后冷却到室温,通入氯化氢气体约5分钟,有大量不溶物析出,过滤,收集滤饼,得到白色固体3-溴-5-(2-乙基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-羰基)-2-羟基苯甲腈盐酸盐(74)(794mg)。收率为74.5%。1H NMR(DMSO-d6,300MHz)δ9.12(d,J=6.9Hz,1H),8.22(d,J=2.1Hz,1H),8.09(d,J=2.1Hz,1H),7.99-7.91(m,2H),7.50-7.45(m,1H),2.57(q,J=7.5Hz,2H),1.23(t,J=7.5Hz,3H)。MS(EI,m/z):368.0[M-H]-。
实施例31:5-(2-乙基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-羰基)-2-羟基-3-碘苯甲腈盐酸盐(75)的合成
化合物39为起始原料,化合物75的制备方法参见实施例30。1H NMR(DMSO-d6,300MHz)δ9.11(d,J=6.9Hz,1H),8.41(d,J=1.8Hz,1H),8.11(d,J=2.1Hz,1H),8.02-7.95(m,2H),7.54-7.49(m,1H),2.59(q,J=7.5Hz,2H),1.25(t,J=7.5Hz,3H)。 MS(EI,m/z):416.0[M-H]-。
实施例32:化合物对HEK293转染细胞株中hURAT1转运尿酸的抑制试验
一、试剂名称及来源:
苯溴马隆购自Sigma-Aldrich Co.LLC;质粒pCMV6-hURAT1购自OrigeneTechnologies,Inc;G418购自生工生物工程股份有限公司;HEK293细胞株购自中国科学院上海生命科学研究院细胞资源中心;多聚赖氨酸购自Sigma-Aldrich Co.LLC;14C-尿酸购自美国American Radiolabeled Chemicals,Inc;葡萄糖酸钠、葡萄糖酸钾、葡萄糖酸钙、KH2PO4、MgSO4、葡萄糖和HEPES购自国药集团化学试剂有限公司;DMEM培养基、胎牛血清购自Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc;
二、试验方法和结果:
1.构建高表达hURAT1的HEK293稳转细胞株:采用质粒pCMV6-hURAT1转染进入HEK293细胞内,再经过G418(终浓度500μg/mL)抗性筛选获得稳转细胞株,其高表达hURAT1转运膜蛋白,可用于体外hURAT1转运尿酸的抑制试验(Weaver YM,Ehresman DJ,ButenhoffJL,et al.Roles of rat renal organic anion transporters in transportingperfluorinated carboxylates with different chain lengths.ToxicologicalSciences,2009,113(2):305-314)。
2.包被24孔板:按200μl/孔加入0.1mg/mL多聚赖氨酸,放置过夜。移去多聚赖氨酸,用无菌水清洗并彻底晾干,待用。
3.将HEK293-hURAT1稳转细胞按2×105个/孔接入包被过的24孔板中,在37℃、5%CO2的条件下培养3天。
4.HBSS的配制:按125mM葡萄糖酸钠、4.8mM葡萄糖酸钾、1.3mM葡萄糖酸钙、1.2mMKH2PO4、1.2mM MgSO4、5.6mM葡萄糖、25mM HEPES的终浓度称取各试剂,再加入去离子水定容至相应体积,并充分混合均匀,即得pH 7.4的HBSS溶液,置冰箱中-20℃保存。
5.实验当天,从冰箱中取出HBSS,水浴加热至37℃。再取出24孔细胞培养板,用HBSS清洗2遍细胞并吸净,再按160μl/孔加入HBSS,并按20μl/孔加入终浓度为500nM试验化合物,做为试验化合物孔;按180μl/孔加入HBSS但不加试验化合物,做为空白对照孔。放置室温下10min。
6.按20μl/孔加入终浓度为50μM的14C尿酸,放置室温下20min。
7.吸净每孔溶液,用预冷的HBSS清洗细胞并吸净。最后加入0.2M NaOH溶解细胞,收集细胞碎片并加入适量闪烁液,然后置PerkinElmer MicroBeta Trilux 1450液体闪烁分析仪上检测同位素14C尿酸的放射强度(CPM值)。
8.在HEK293转染细胞株中,化合物对hURAT1转运尿酸的抑制率计算公式如下所示,试验化合物的CPM值以CPM(试验化合物)表示;空白对照的CPM值以CPM(空白对照)表示。试验化合物均设三次重复,试验结果取平均值,并计算标准偏差SD。试验结果见表1。
三、试验结果
试验化合物与苯溴马隆相比较,在浓度为500nM下,化合物4、5、9、11、12、18、19、29、30、33、38、39、41、45、51、52、56、69、74和75对HEK293转染细胞中hURAT1转运尿酸具有十分良好的抑制作用。
表1.试验化合物和苯溴马隆对HEK293转染细胞株中hURAT1转运尿酸的抑制率
实施例33:化合物对人正常肝细胞L-02和WRL-68的细胞毒性试验
已有研究表明苯溴马隆具有严重的肝脏毒性,因此,本实施例以苯溴马隆作为阳性对照,测试了本发明提供的化合物对两株人正常肝细胞L-02和WRL-68的细胞毒性作用。
一、试验材料名称及来源:
人正常肝细胞L-02购自武汉普诺赛生物科技有限公司;人正常肝细胞WRL-68由南京大学生命科学院惠赠;苯溴马隆、Resazurin、亚甲基蓝购自Sigma-Aldrich Co.LLC;铁氰化钾、亚铁氰化钾购自阿拉丁试剂股份有限公司;DMEM培养基、无酚红DMEM、胎牛血清购自Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc;青霉素、链霉素购自碧云天生物技术有限公司。
二、实验方法
1.人正常肝细胞L-02和WRL-68用DMEM培养基(含10%胎牛血清,100U/mL青霉素,0.1mg/mL)培养,置37℃、5%CO2孵箱培养至细胞密度达90%左右。
2.按1×103/孔细胞数接种于96孔板中,置37℃、5%CO2孵箱培养24h。
3.用DMEM培养基配制不同浓度梯度的试验化合物或对照药物苯溴马隆,并按100μL/孔加入,做为试验化合物孔或对照药物孔;按100μL/孔加入DMEM培养液,做为阴性对照孔。置37℃、5%CO2孵箱中培养120h。
4.将Resazurin(15mg/50mL,200×)、亚甲基蓝(25mg/10mL,1000×)、铁氰化钾(0.329g/100mL,100×)和亚铁氰化钾(0.422g/100mL,100×)用PBS(0.1M、pH=7.4)稀释混合,配制成10×Alamar Blue溶液,再用无酚红DMEM培养基稀释成1×Alamar Blue溶液,临用前配制。
5.L-02和WRL-68细胞分别用PBS(0.1M、pH=7.4)清洗2次,按100μL/孔加入Alamar Blue溶液;在无细胞的孔中加入100μL/孔Alamar Blue溶液,做为空白对照孔。将96孔板置37℃、5%CO2孵箱中培养3h。
6.用酶标仪Victor X4(Perkin Elmer)在Ex 530/Em 590nm处检测细胞荧光值。试验化合物孔的荧光值以F(试验化合物)表示;空白对照孔的荧光值以F(空白对照)表示;阴性对照孔的荧光值以F(阴性对照)表示。按以下公式计算不同药物浓度下的细胞存活率,每个浓度重复测定3次,得出平均值和标准偏差。
7.利用Prism Graph软件分别计算出试验化合物对L-02细胞和WRL-68细胞的半数抑制浓度(IC50)。
三、实验结果
化合物4、5、9、18、33、38、39、45、51、52、56、69、74和75对正常肝细胞L-02和WRL-68的IC50均大于100μM;而苯溴马隆对于L-02和WRL-68细胞的IC50分别为40.17μM和45.54μM。结果表明,这些化合物对肝细胞的体外毒性远低于苯溴马隆。
实施例34:化合物74促高尿酸血症小鼠尿酸排泄的试验研究
一、试验材料
1.受试药物
化合物74在临用前用0.5%CMC-Na研磨配成相应浓度的混悬液;苯溴马隆为原料药,购自绵阳凯新医药科技有限公司,批号:BXML-201506005,临用前用0.5%CMC-Na研磨配成相应浓度的混悬液。
2.试验动物
动物:清洁级昆明种小鼠,雄性,25~30g,4~5周龄。由上海斯莱克动物实验中心提供,许可证号为SCXK(沪)2012-2002,实验动物质量合格证明为2015000522173。
3.试验试剂
酵母浸出粉购自北京奥博星生物有限公司;腺嘌呤、氧嗪酸钾购自阿拉丁试剂股份有限公司;羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC-Na)购自国药集团化学试剂有限公司;尿酸检测试剂盒(磷钨酸法)购自南京建成生物工程有限公司。
二、试验方法
1.试剂准备
称取适量腺嘌呤和酵母浸出粉,加入一定量的双蒸水,加热搅拌,得浓度为0.6g/mL酵母浸出粉和12mg/mL腺嘌呤的造模混合液;在临用前称取适量氧嗪酸钾,加入一定量的0.5%CMC-Na,充分搅拌均匀,得浓度为20mg/mL的氧嗪酸钾混悬液。
2.试验分组与给药方式
取昆明种雄性小鼠24只,随机分为空白对照组、模型组、苯溴马隆组和化合物74组,每组6只。禁食2-3小时后,模型组、苯溴马隆组和化合物74组按10g/kg体重的酵母浸出粉和200mg/kg体重的腺嘌呤灌胃造模混合液(0.6g/mL酵母浸出粉和12mg/mL腺嘌呤混合液);空白对照组灌胃相同体积的生理盐水。2.5小时后,苯溴马隆组、化合物74组分别按15mg/kg体重灌胃苯溴马隆混悬液(1.5mg/mL)、化合物74混悬液(1.5mg/mL);空白对照组和模型组灌胃相同体积的0.5%CMC-Na,连续给药7d。最后一天,按上述给予造模混合剂2小时后,模型组、苯溴马隆组和化合物74组按250mg/kg体重腹腔注射氧嗪酸钾混悬液(20mg/ml);空白对照组腹腔注射相同体积的0.5%CMC-Na。0.5小时后按上述灌胃试验药物。
3.样品收集与分析
尿样收集:最后一天给药后将试验小鼠置代谢笼中,正常饮食,收集24h尿液。取出收集管,计量尿液体积,再于3000rpm离心20min,收集上清,置-20℃保存。尿样中尿酸水平检测:采用尿酸试剂盒(磷钨酸法)检测样本中尿酸浓度。
三、试验结果
促小鼠尿酸排泄结果见表2。化合物74与苯溴马隆均能显著地促进高尿酸血症小鼠的尿酸排泄,且化合物74促尿酸排泄能力显著高于苯溴马隆。与高血尿酸模型组相比,化合物74促尿酸排泄量增加约46.77%,而苯溴马隆促尿酸排泄量增加约25.35%。
表2.化合物74与苯溴马隆灌胃给药促小鼠尿酸排泄试验
与空白对照相比,##P<0.01;与模型组相比,*P<0.05,**P<0.01;
与苯溴马隆组相比,▲P<0.05。
实施例35:化合物74的大鼠单次给药急性毒性试验研究
一、试验材料
1.受试药物
化合物74,临用前以0.5%CMC-Na研磨配成相应浓度的混悬液;苯溴马隆,为原料药,白色粉末,购自绵阳凯新医药科技有限公司,批号:BXML-201506005,临用前以0.5%CMC-Na研磨配成相应浓度的混悬液。
大鼠急性毒性预实验中,化合物74的最高给药剂量达5.0g/kg时,未出现死亡,因此,化合物74正式试验的给药剂量定为5.0g/kg。苯溴马隆的大鼠急性毒性预实验给药剂量摸索至0.14g/kg时,大鼠未出现死亡。苯溴马隆正式试验的给药剂量定为0.14g/kg。
2.试验动物及饲养条件
SD大鼠,SPF级,体重:120~180g,5~6周龄。由武汉大学动物实验中心提供,实验动物生产许可证号:SCXK(鄂)2014-0004,合格证号:42000500007670。
二、试验方法与结果
取SD大鼠30只,随机分为给药组A1、B1和空白对照组,每组10只,雌雄各半,禁食6小时后分别按20mL/kg体重的给药体积单次给药。给药组A1、B1和空白对照组分别灌胃给予化合物74混悬液、苯溴马隆混悬液和0.5%CMC-Na溶液。各组大鼠给药剂量及死亡率见表3。各给药组给药后均未见即时毒性反应,24小时后至十四天的观察期均未见延时毒性反应,动物状态良好,体重增加,大鼠全部存活,体重变化见表4。化合物74和苯溴马隆的大鼠急性毒性试验的最大耐受剂量分别为5.0g/kg和0.14g/kg。
表3.正式试验中SD大鼠给药剂量及死亡率
表4.正式试验各药物对SD大鼠体重的影响
“增减率”是指第14天与第0天相比,“+”表示体重增加。
实施例36:化合物74的SD大鼠体内药物代谢动力学研究
一、试验材料
1.试验化合物74溶液的配制
用于灌胃的试验化合物配制:分别称取适量化合物74固体粉末,加入约70%的0.5%CMC-Na,涡旋搅拌至混悬液分散均匀,最后定容至相应体积。
用于静脉注射的试验化合物配制:分别称取适量化合物74固体粉末,加入一定量的DMSO,涡旋搅拌至溶解,再加入羟丙基-β-环糊精的水溶液(20%,w/v),充分混合均匀,并定容至相应体积。
2.试验动物
SD大鼠,雄性,SPF级。购自Sino-British SIPPR/BK Lab Animal Ltd.,(上海)。
二、试验方法
1.给药剂量及方式
试验动物在灌胃给药前禁食过夜(10~14小时)。给药4小时后再给予食物,期间自由饮水。具体给药剂量及方式见下表5。
表5.化合物对SD大鼠的给药剂量和方式
2.操作
分别于给药前和给药后(5分钟、15分钟、30分钟、1小时、2小时、4小时、6小时、8小时和24小时),采集SD大鼠颈静脉血样(250μL/样本),并置于含有抗凝剂肝素钠的离心管中,2-8℃,8000rpm离心6分钟分离血浆。取50μL血浆样本,加入250μL IS溶液(200ng/mL甲苯磺丁脲)中。涡旋1分钟后,以15000rpm离心5分钟,取200μL置96孔板中进行LC/MS/MS分析,检测血浆样本中化合物74的含量。对化合物74分析方法的线性范围为1.0-1000ng/mL,定量下限为1.0ng/mL。
3.药物代谢动力学分析
非房室模型相关参数由Professional 5.2软件计算获得。
生物利用度F%=(Dose(IV)×AUC(0-t)(PO))/(Dose(PO)×AUC(0-t)(IV))×100%
三、试验结果
依据上述方法获得的化合物74的SD大鼠药物代谢动力学参数如表6所示。本发明化合物74的药物代谢动力学相关参数优秀,生物利用度高。
表6.口服或静脉注射给予化合物74的SD大鼠药物代谢动力学参数
*:由AUC(0-t)计算获得 。
Claims (10)
1.通式(I)所示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,
其中,
R1或R2分别独立地选自氢、氘、卤素、氰基、羟基、取代或非取代的C1-5烷基、取代或非取代的C1-3烷氧基、取代或非取代的C1-3烷硫基中的一种或多种;
R3选自取代或非取代的下述基团:C1-4烷基或C3-4环烷基,其取代基选自氘、卤素、C1-2烷基或C3-4环烷基;
R4或R5分别独立地选自氢、氘、卤素、氰基、C2-3烯基、C2-3炔基、取代或非取代的C1-3烷基、取代或非取代的C1-3烷氧基、取代或非取代的C1-3烷硫基中的一种或几种;
R1、R2、R4或R5中的取代基选自氘、卤素、C1-3烷基、C3-4环烷基或C1-3烷氧基。
2.根据权利要求1所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,其中,
R1或R2分别独立地选自氢、氘、氟、氯、溴、氰基、羟基、取代或非取代的C1-3烷基、取代或非取代的C1-3烷氧基中的一种或几种;其取代基选自氘、卤素、C1-3烷基、C3-4环烷基或C1-3烷氧基。
3.根据权利要求2所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,其中,
R1或R2分别独立地选自氢、氘、氟、氯、溴、氰基、C1-3烷基、C1-3卤代烷基或C1-3烷氧基中的一种或几种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,其中,
R3选自取代或非取代的下述基团:C1-3烷基、C3-4环烷基;其取代基选自氘、卤素、C1-2烷基或C3-4环烷基。
5.根据权利要求1所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,其中,
R4或R5分别独立地选自氢、氘、卤素、氰基、乙烯基、乙炔基、取代或非取代的C1-2烷基、取代或非取代的C1-2烷氧基、取代或非取代的C1-2烷硫基中的一种或几种;其取代基选自氘、卤素、C1-2烷基、C3-4环烷基或C1-3烷氧基。
6.根据权利要求1所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,其中,
R4或R5分别独立地选自氢、氘、卤素、氰基、C1-2烷基、C1-2卤代烷基、C1-2烷氧基或C1-2烷硫基中的一种或几种。
7.根据权利要求1所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,其中化合物选自:
(3,5-二溴-4-羟基苯基)(2-乙基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-基)甲酮,
(2-乙基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-基)(4-羟基-3,5-二碘苯基)甲酮,
(3-氯-4-羟基苯基)(2-乙基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-基)甲酮,
(3-氯-4-羟基-5-碘苯基)(2-乙基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-基)甲酮,
3-氯-5-(2-乙基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-羰基)-2-羟基苯甲腈,
(3-溴-4-羟基-5-碘苯基)(2-乙基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-基)甲酮,
(2-乙基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-基)(4-羟基-3-碘-5-甲基苯基)甲酮,
(2-乙基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-基)(4-羟基-3-碘苯基)甲酮,
5-(2-乙基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-羰基)-2-羟基苯甲腈,
(3-氯-4-羟基苯基)(2-乙基-6-氟咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-基)甲酮,
(3-溴-5-氯-4-羟基苯基)(2-乙基-6-氟咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-基)甲酮,
(3-氯-4-羟基-5-碘苯基)(2-乙基-6-氟咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-基)甲酮,
5-(2-乙基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-羰基)-2-羟基-3-甲基苯甲腈,
(2-乙基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-基)[4-羟基-3-(三氟甲基)苯基]甲酮,
[3-溴-4-羟基-5-(三氟甲基)苯基](2-乙基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-基)甲酮,
(3,5-二溴-4-羟基苯基)(2-乙基-6-甲基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-基)甲酮,
(3,5-二溴-4-羟基苯基)(2-乙基-6-甲氧基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-基)甲酮,
3-溴-5-(2-乙基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-羰基)-2-羟基苯甲腈,
5-(2-乙基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-羰基)-2-羟基-3-碘苯甲腈,
5-(2-乙基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-羰基)-3-氟-2-羟基苯甲腈,
(3,5-二溴-4-羟基苯基)(2-丙基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-基)甲酮,
(2-乙基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-基)(2-乙硫基-4-羟基苯基)甲酮,
(3-溴-5-氯-4-羟基苯基)(2-乙基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-基)甲酮,
(3-溴-5-氟-4-羟基苯基)(2-乙基-6-氟咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-基)甲酮,
(2-乙基-6-氟咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-基)(3-氟-4-羟基-5-碘苯基)甲酮,
(3,5-二溴-4-羟基苯基)(2-乙基-6-羟基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-基)甲酮,
(6-溴-2-乙基-7-甲基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-基)(3,5-二溴-4-羟基苯基)甲酮,
(3,5-二溴-4-羟基苯基)(2-乙基-7-三氟甲基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-基)甲酮,
3-(3,5-二溴-4-羟基苯基)-2-乙基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-6-甲腈,
(2-氘-4-羟基苯基)(2-乙基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-基)甲酮,
(2-氘-3,5-二溴-4-羟基苯基)(2-乙基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-基)甲酮,
(6-氘-2-乙基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-基)(3,5-二溴-4-羟基苯基)甲酮,
(2-环丙基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-基)(3,5-二溴-4-羟基苯基)甲酮,
3-溴-5-(2-乙基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-羰基)-2-羟基苯甲腈盐酸盐,
5-(2-乙基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-羰基)-2-羟基-3-碘苯甲腈盐酸盐。
8.一种药物组合物,其以权利要求1~7中任一项所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐为活性成分或主要活性成分,辅以药学上可接受的辅料。
9.权利要求1~7中任一项所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐在制备促尿酸排泄药物方面的应用。
10.权利要求1~7中任一项所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐在制备治疗或预防高尿酸血症、肾病或痛风药物方面的应用。
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CN108484600A (zh) * | 2017-05-26 | 2018-09-04 | 江苏新元素医药科技有限公司 | 促尿酸排泄的urat1抑制剂 |
CN108727267A (zh) * | 2017-05-26 | 2018-11-02 | 江苏新元素医药科技有限公司 | 一类urat1抑制剂及其应用 |
WO2019141259A1 (zh) | 2018-01-19 | 2019-07-25 | 苏州信诺维医药科技有限公司 | 杂环化合物、制备方法及其在医药上的应用 |
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WO2023208108A1 (zh) * | 2022-04-27 | 2023-11-02 | 江苏新元素医药科技有限公司 | 可用于降尿酸的化合物 |
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