CN106423196A - 一种低温SCR脱除NOx催化剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种低温SCR脱除NOx催化剂及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
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- 150000002696 manganese Chemical class 0.000 claims description 21
- XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium benzoate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 21
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
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- FPCJKVGGYOAWIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-1-ol;titanium Chemical compound [Ti].CCCCO.CCCCO.CCCCO.CCCCO FPCJKVGGYOAWIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
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- UOGMEBQRZBEZQT-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);diacetate Chemical compound [Mn+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O UOGMEBQRZBEZQT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
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- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910001935 vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种低温SCR脱除NOx催化剂的制备方法,采用新型的催化剂载体,具有较高的比表面积,并可以使金属离子很好的分布负载在载体中。利用钾、锰和钛配合使用,钛作为有效的催化组分使用,不像传统催化剂中仅作为载体使用,钛与锰、钾的配合使催化剂在120‑240℃环境中即可起到良好的脱硝功能,而且使用过程中不易中毒,有良好的抗硫性能,使用寿命长,性能稳定。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及环境保护领域,特别是涉及一种低温SCR脱除NOx催化剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
随着工业化进程的加快,工业生产中向大气排放的NOx逐渐增多,NOx是造成酸雨的主要原因之一,更是二次微细颗粒物污染、地表水富营养化和形成近地层大气臭氧污染的前提物。更严重的是,大气中的NOx会对人体健康造成严重的危害,其中NO具有极强的与血红蛋白和氧结合的能力,回影响人体内血液的输氧能力;NO2则会刺激人的眼睛、鼻子等,严重时会诱发细胞癌变。因此,如何有效的脱除NOx已经成为环境保护领域中一个令人十分关注的问题。
对于工业中排放的NOx的控制,根据燃料和机组的关系,分别可以在燃烧前、燃烧中和燃烧后进行控制。燃烧前的控制技术主要为对燃料煤炭的脱硝处理或使用替代燃料,这种方法对燃料型NOx的控制有一定的效果,但是对热力型NOx作用不大,而且成本较高,目前该项技术还不够稳定。燃烧中的控制技术主要是采用低NOx燃烧技术,这项技术主要是通过改善燃烧组织方式,降低燃烧区的温度和氧浓度,以减少NOx的生成。该方法工艺成熟,操作费用低,但是脱硝效果有限,单纯使用该技术方法无法将达到排放要求标准。燃烧后的控制技术,主要是进行烟气脱硝,该方法脱除NOx效率很高,而且操作简单,是目前使用最为广泛的脱除NOx方法。烟气脱硝技术有很多种,主要可分为选择性非催化还原SNCR以及选择性催化还原SCR技术,SNCR技术是利用还原剂氨或尿素在无催化剂的条件下,与NOx反应生成氮气和水,反应过程的温度条件需要随着锅炉负荷和运行周期而调整变化,该方法操作工艺较为复杂。SCR脱硝技术是以氨气为还原剂,在催化剂催化下,有选择性的与烟气中的NOx反应,生成氮气和水。目前应用最广的SCR脱硝技术主要是以含钒复合氧化物为催化剂,该方法操作简单,脱除NOx效率高,市场份额大。
SCR脱除NOx催化剂分为高温催化剂和低温催化剂,高温催化剂所需要的反应温度较高,成本较大,越来越多的学者可是研究低温催化剂。目前低温SCR催化剂主要以过渡金属为活性组分来开展研究,多数集中在铈、钒、铁、锰、铜或铬等金属的研究。催化剂的形式有负载型或者多种金属氧化物固溶体型,其中负载型催化剂中的载体多为氧化钛、氧化铝、氧化锆或分子筛等。低温SCR脱除NOx催化剂在不含硫和水的环境下,可以具有良好的脱硝效果。但是,在实际应用中,需要处理的烟气一般都会含有水和微量的硫氧化物,低温SCR脱除NOx催化剂需要克服易中毒失活的特性,延长使用寿命。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种低温SCR脱除NOx催化剂,该催化剂无需高温条件,即可选择性催化还原脱除烟气中的NOx,对反应温度要求低,脱除NOx效率高,使用寿命长。
本发明的另一目的是提供该低温SCR脱除NOx催化剂的制备方法。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用以下技术方案:
一种低温SCR脱除NOx催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,包含以下步骤:
(1)载体的制备:将煤粉,陶土,聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯,硅酸钠搅拌均匀,与水混合,在模具中压模定型后,在90-110℃条件下干燥12-18h,之后在马弗炉中煅烧3-4h,冷却后取出,将煅烧后的混合物浸泡在硝酸溶液中,在70℃条件下浸泡4h,冲洗至中性后,干燥,制得催化剂载体;
(2)浸渍液的配置:将钾盐,锰盐,钛酸四丁酯溶解于去离子水中,制备浸渍液;
(3)催化剂的制备:将催化剂载体抽真空,然后采用喷淋浸渍法,将浸渍液喷淋至催化剂载体上,制得催化剂前驱体,之后在80℃水浴中将催化剂前驱体干燥,然后将其在氮气保护下在380℃温度下煅烧4-6h,冷却至室温后,研磨,筛分至粒径为40-60目,即得所需催化剂。
优选的,其中各组分的投料量为,以重量份数计:
煤粉22-38份,陶土25-40份,
聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯12-24份,硅酸钠9-14份,
钾盐28-78份,锰盐15-39份,钛酸四丁酯18-84份。
优选的,所述钾盐为硝酸钾、柠檬酸钾或乙酸钾中的一种,优选为硝酸钾。
优选的,所述锰盐为硝酸锰、乙酸锰或二水甲酸锰中的一种,优选为硝酸锰。
优选的,所述步骤(1)中模具为半圆形模具。
优选的,所述步骤(1)中在马弗炉中煅烧的温度为650℃-730℃。
优选的,所述硝酸溶液的质量浓度为20%-40%。
优选的,所述步骤(3)中浸渍的温度条件为50-70℃。
一种低温SCR脱除NOx催化剂,所述低温SCR脱除NOx催化剂是由上述方法制备而成。
其中步骤(3)中的催化剂载体的浸渍采用等量浸渍法,其中配置金属盐溶液的用水量是可以根据现有技术预计的,在此不做详细描述。
本发明具有以下有益效果,采用新型的催化剂载体,具有较高的比表面积,并可以使金属离子很好的分布负载在载体中。该催化剂中不含常用的钒等有毒组分,使用更加安全,不会对环境造成危害。该催化剂利用钾、锰和钛配合使用,其中,在该催化剂中,钛作为有效的催化组分使用,不像传统催化剂中仅作为载体使用,钛与锰、钾的配合使催化剂在120-240℃环境中即可起到良好的脱硝功能,而且使用过程中不易中毒,有良好的抗硫性能,使用寿命长,性能稳定。
具体实施方式
为了更好的理解本发明,下面通过实施例对本发明进一步说明,实施例只用于解释本发明,不会对本发明构成任何的限定。
实施例1
一种低温SCR脱除NOx催化剂的制备方法,包含以下步骤:
(1)载体的制备:将煤粉,陶土,聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯,硅酸钠搅拌均匀,与水混合,在模具中压模定型后,在90℃条件下干燥12h,之后在马弗炉中煅烧3h,冷却后取出,将煅烧后的混合物浸泡在硝酸溶液中,在70℃条件下浸泡4h,冲洗至中性后,干燥,制得催化剂载体;
(2)浸渍液的配置:将钾盐,锰盐,钛酸四丁酯溶解于去离子水中,制备浸渍液;
(3)催化剂的制备:将催化剂载体抽真空,然后采用喷淋浸渍法,将浸渍液喷淋至催化剂载体上,制得催化剂前驱体,之后在80℃水浴中将催化剂前驱体干燥,然后将其在氮气保护下在380℃温度下煅烧4h,冷却至室温后,研磨,筛分至粒径为40目,既得所需催化剂
其中各组分的投料量为,以重量份数计:煤粉22份,陶土25份,聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯12份,硅酸钠9份,钾盐28份,锰盐15份,钛酸四丁酯18份。
所述钾盐为硝酸钾,所述锰盐为硝酸锰。所述步骤(1)中模具为半圆形模具。所述步骤(1)中在马弗炉中煅烧的温度为650℃。所述硝酸溶液的质量浓度为20%。所述步骤(3)中浸渍的温度条件为50℃。
实施例2
一种低温SCR脱除NOx催化剂的制备方法,包含以下步骤:
(1)载体的制备:将煤粉,陶土,聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯,硅酸钠搅拌均匀,与水混合,在模具中压模定型后,在110℃条件下干燥18h,之后在马弗炉中煅烧4h,冷却后取出,将煅烧后的混合物浸泡在硝酸溶液中,在70℃条件下浸泡4h,冲洗至中性后,干燥,制得催化剂载体;
(2)浸渍液的配置:将钾盐,锰盐,钛酸四丁酯溶解于去离子水中,制备浸渍液;
(3)催化剂的制备:将催化剂载体抽真空,然后采用喷淋浸渍法,将浸渍液喷淋至催化剂载体上,制得催化剂前驱体,之后在80℃水浴中将催化剂前驱体干燥,然后将其在氮气保护下在380℃温度下煅烧6h,冷却至室温后,研磨,筛分至粒径为60目,既得所需催化剂
其中各组分的投料量为,以重量份数计:煤粉38份,陶土40份,聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯24份,硅酸钠14份,钾盐78份,锰盐39份,钛酸四丁酯84份。
所述钾盐为乙酸钾,所述锰盐为二水甲酸锰。所述步骤(1)中模具为半圆形模具。所述步骤(1)中在马弗炉中煅烧的温度为730℃。所述硝酸溶液的质量浓度为40%。所述步骤(3)中浸渍的温度条件为70℃。
实施例3
一种低温SCR脱除NOx催化剂的制备方法,包含以下步骤:
(1)载体的制备:将煤粉,陶土,聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯,硅酸钠搅拌均匀,与水混合,在模具中压模定型后,在100℃条件下干燥15h,之后在马弗炉中煅烧3.5h,冷却后取出,将煅烧后的混合物浸泡在硝酸溶液中,在70℃条件下浸泡4h,冲洗至中性后,干燥,制得催化剂载体;
(2)浸渍液的配置:将钾盐,锰盐,钛酸四丁酯溶解于去离子水中,制备浸渍液;
(3)催化剂的制备:将催化剂载体抽真空,然后采用喷淋浸渍法,将浸渍液喷淋至催化剂载体上,制得催化剂前驱体,之后在80℃水浴中将催化剂前驱体干燥,然后将其在氮气保护下在380℃温度下煅烧5h,冷却至室温后,研磨,筛分至粒径为50目,既得所需催化剂
其中各组分的投料量为,以重量份数计:煤粉28份,陶土30份,聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯18份,硅酸钠11份,钾盐50份,锰盐25份,钛酸四丁酯55份。
所述钾盐为柠檬酸钾,所述锰盐为乙酸锰。所述步骤(1)中模具为半圆形模具。所述步骤(1)中在马弗炉中煅烧的温度为700℃。所述硝酸溶液的质量浓度为30%。所述步骤(3)中浸渍的温度条件为60℃。
实施例4
一种低温SCR脱除NOx催化剂的制备方法,包含以下步骤:
(1)载体的制备:将煤粉,陶土,聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯,硅酸钠搅拌均匀,与水混合,在模具中压模定型后,在90℃条件下干燥18h,之后在马弗炉中煅烧3h,冷却后取出,将煅烧后的混合物浸泡在硝酸溶液中,在70℃条件下浸泡4h,冲洗至中性后,干燥,制得催化剂载体;
(2)浸渍液的配置:将钾盐,锰盐,钛酸四丁酯溶解于去离子水中,制备浸渍液;
(3)催化剂的制备:将催化剂载体抽真空,然后采用喷淋浸渍法,将浸渍液喷淋至催化剂载体上,制得催化剂前驱体,之后在80℃水浴中将催化剂前驱体干燥,然后将其在氮气保护下在380℃温度下煅烧6h,冷却至室温后,研磨,筛分至粒径为40目,既得所需催化剂
其中各组分的投料量为,以重量份数计:煤粉38份,陶土25份,聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯24份,硅酸钠9份,钾盐78份,锰盐15份,钛酸四丁酯84份。
所述钾盐为柠檬酸钾,所述锰盐为二水甲酸锰。所述步骤(1)中模具为半圆形模具。所述步骤(1)中在马弗炉中煅烧的温度为650℃。所述硝酸溶液的质量浓度为40%。所述步骤(3)中浸渍的温度条件为50℃。
实施例5
一种低温SCR脱除NOx催化剂的制备方法,包含以下步骤:
(1)载体的制备:将煤粉,陶土,聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯,硅酸钠搅拌均匀,与水混合,在模具中压模定型后,在110℃条件下干燥12h,之后在马弗炉中煅烧4h,冷却后取出,将煅烧后的混合物浸泡在硝酸溶液中,在70℃条件下浸泡4h,冲洗至中性后,干燥,制得催化剂载体;
(2)浸渍液的配置:将钾盐,锰盐,钛酸四丁酯溶解于去离子水中,制备浸渍液;
(3)催化剂的制备:将催化剂载体抽真空,然后采用喷淋浸渍法,将浸渍液喷淋至催化剂载体上,制得催化剂前驱体,之后在80℃水浴中将催化剂前驱体干燥,然后将其在氮气保护下在380℃温度下煅烧4h,冷却至室温后,研磨,筛分至粒径为60目,既得所需催化剂
其中各组分的投料量为,以重量份数计:煤粉22份,陶土40份,聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯12份,硅酸钠14份,钾盐28份,锰盐39份,钛酸四丁酯18份。
所述钾盐为乙酸钾,所述锰盐为硝酸锰。所述步骤(1)中模具为半圆形模具。所述步骤(1)中在马弗炉中煅烧的温度为730℃。所述硝酸溶液的质量浓度为20%。所述步骤(3)中浸渍的温度条件为70℃。
Claims (9)
1.一种低温SCR脱除NOx催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,包含以下步骤:
(1)载体的制备:将煤粉,陶土,聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯,硅酸钠搅拌均匀,与水混合,在模具中压模定型后,在90-110℃条件下干燥12-18h,之后在马弗炉中煅烧3-4h,冷却后取出,将煅烧后的混合物浸泡在硝酸溶液中,在70℃条件下浸泡4h,冲洗至中性后,干燥,制得催化剂载体;
(2)浸渍液的配置:将钾盐,锰盐,钛酸四丁酯溶解于去离子水中,制备浸渍液;
(3)催化剂的制备:将催化剂载体抽真空,然后采用喷淋浸渍法,将浸渍液喷淋至催化剂载体上,制得催化剂前驱体,之后在80℃水浴中将催化剂前驱体干燥,然后将其在氮气保护下在380℃温度下煅烧4-6h,冷却至室温后,研磨,筛分至粒径为40-60目,即得所需催化剂。
2.一种根据权利要求1所述的低温SCR脱除NOx催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于:其中各组分的投料量为,以重量份数计:煤粉22-38份,陶土25-40份,聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯12-24份,硅酸钠9-14份,钾盐28-78份,锰盐15-39份,钛酸四丁酯18-84份。
3.一种根据权利要求1或2所述的低温SCR脱除NOx催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于:所述钾盐为硝酸钾、柠檬酸钾或乙酸钾中的一种。
4.一种根据权利要求1或2所述的低温SCR脱除NOx催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于:所述锰盐为硝酸锰、乙酸锰或二水甲酸锰中的一种。
5.一种根据权利要求1或2所述的低温SCR脱除NOx催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(1)中模具为半圆形模具。
6.一种根据权利要求1所述的低温SCR脱除NOx催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(1)中在马弗炉中煅烧的温度为650℃-730℃。
7.一种根据权利要求1所述的低温SCR脱除NOx催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于:所述硝酸溶液的质量浓度为20%-40%。
8.一种根据权利要求1所述的低温SCR脱除NOx催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(3)中浸渍的温度条件为50-70℃。
9.一种低温SCR脱除NOx催化剂,其特征在于:所述低温SCR脱除NOx催化剂是由权利要求1-8任一项方法制备而成。
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