CN106417005B - Water chestnut artificial hybridization breeding method - Google Patents
Water chestnut artificial hybridization breeding method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Water chestnut artificial hybridization breeding method, is related to agricultural breeding technical field, which is：First, selection male parent water chestnut, maternal water chestnut are cultivated respectively；Secondly, the sepal male parent bud bagging that just cracking to petal does not loosen is chosen, the maternal bud that sepal has just cracked is chosen, removes sepal, petal, pinch stamen, bagging；Then, 0~4h after maternal bud removes stamen, pollinates to flower of female parent with the pollen of the male parent water chestnut of 0~4.5h of Post flowering, and by artificial hybridization technology, directive breeding goes out that growth potential is strong, resistance is strong, the apparent water chestnut hybrid seed of heterosis, hybrid vigor.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of agricultural breeding technical fields, and more particularly to a kind of water chestnut artificial hybridization breeding method.
Background technology
Warm area of the water chestnut originating from Europe and Asia, China are one of source areas of water chestnut, and water chestnut has more than 2500 in China
The cultivation history in year.Water chestnut belongs to annual aquatic herbaceous plant of swimming, and unboiled water bottom, and mud root thin wire shape in water is opened for 5~October
Flower, 7~November result.The fruit of water chestnut, as water chestnut hang down and are born under heavy foliage in water, are in triangular shape diamond shape, it is long that surface has light gray
Hair, haunch position is stingless angle, fruit beak unobvious, 1 seed of interior tool.The crisp meat of water chestnut skin is beautiful, peels off after boiling edible, can also cook gruel
Food.Water chestnut contains abundant protein, unsaturated fatty acid and multivitamin and trace element, have diuresis promoting lactation, quench the thirst,
The effect of relieving alcoholism.
Water chestnut is a kind of crop of generative propagation, and seed easily germinates.For a long time, the water chestnut kind for producing cultivation is mostly to pass
The local varieties of system, also a small amount of Cultivars.And these Cultivars are also multiple by purifying on the basis of local varieties
Strong to get, the foresight of selection and breeding is not strong.Therefore, the water chestnut cultivated at present there are single varieties, kind sexual involution it is serious the shortcomings of.
On the other hand, although main breeding method of the sexual hybridization as many crops, has been used for selecting a large amount of kinds, at present also
Not over the report of artificial hybridization directive breeding water chestnut kind, also without water chestnut artificial hybridization technology.
Invention content
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of water chestnut artificial hybridization breeding methods, pass through artificial hybridization technology, directive breeding
Go out that growth potential is strong, resistance is strong, the apparent water chestnut kind of heterosis, hybrid vigor.
The present invention solves its technical problem using following technical scheme to realize.
The present invention proposes a kind of water chestnut artificial hybridization breeding method comprising following steps：
It selects male parent water chestnut, maternal water chestnut as parent, cultivates respectively, male parent water chestnut grows male parent bud, and maternal water chestnut grows female parent
Bud；
The sepal male parent bud that just cracking to petal does not loosen is chosen, and bagging is carried out to male parent bud；It is rigid to choose sepal
The maternal bud of cracking, removes sepal, the petal of maternal bud, then pinches stamen, and carries out bagging to maternal bud；
Bagging is opened, takes the pollen of the male parent water chestnut to bloom after bagging to pollinate flower of female parent, continues to cultivate, harvest is awarded
The seed of maternal water chestnut after powder is to get water chestnut hybrid seed.
Further, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the method for removing the sepal of maternal bud is with medical eye scissors
Knife is cut off with upper bit in the middle part of sepal, and the method for removing the petal of maternal bud is to pinch petal with tweezers, pinches the side of stamen
Method is to pinch stamen with tweezers.
Further, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, pollination is that 0~4h is carried out after maternal bud removes stamen.
Further, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, pollination time pollination the same day 9：00~18：00.
Further, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, pollinating method is：Male parent flower is tipped upside down on the column cap of flower of female parent
Friction, makes the pollen of male parent flower uniformly invest on the column cap of flower of female parent.
Further, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the pollen of male parent water chestnut is the flower of 0~4.5h of male parent water chestnut Post flowering
Powder.
Further, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, male parent water chestnut, which blooms, refers to that petal opens completely, and anther dehiscence,
Discharge pollen.
Further, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the breeding method of parent is：In late March, water chestnut seed is being educated
Seedling Tanaka sows, and nursery field keeps 5~10cm depth of waters gradually to deepen the depth of water in nursery field after the water outlet of water chestnut seedling, until before transplanting
One week and the field planting same 30~40cm of the depth of water in field；Water chestnut seedling is colonized by after planting 40~45d in field planting Tanaka, and line-spacing 1.5~
2.0m, 1.5~2.0m of hill spacing transplant 2~4 plants of water chestnut seedlings per cave.
Further, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, completing the continuation breeding method after pollination is：To the mother after pollination
This flower carries out bagging, after 2d, removes bagging, and flower of female parent is pressed in water；22~28d after pollination, with gauze bag by maternal water chestnut
Seed entangle, to get water chestnut hybrid seed after seed maturity.
Further, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, further comprising the steps of：Water chestnut hybrid seed water is hidden, second
Year, spring proliferation seed was planted, and selection meets the single plant of breeding objective.
The advantageous effect of the water chestnut artificial hybridization breeding method of the embodiment of the present invention is：The water chestnut artificial hybridization of the embodiment of the present invention
Breeding method is：First, selection male parent water chestnut, maternal water chestnut are cultivated respectively；Secondly, the sepal father that just cracking to petal does not loosen is chosen
This bud bagging chooses the maternal bud that sepal has just cracked, and removes sepal, petal, pinches stamen, bagging；Then, in flower of female parent
Flower bud removes 0~4h after stamen, and bagging is opened, and takes the pollen of the male parent water chestnut to bloom after bagging to pollinate flower of female parent, passes through
Artificial hybridization technology, directive breeding go out that growth potential is strong, resistance is strong, the apparent water chestnut hybrid seed of heterosis, hybrid vigor.
Specific implementation mode
It in order to make the object, technical scheme and advantages of the embodiment of the invention clearer, below will be in the embodiment of the present invention
Technical solution be clearly and completely described.The person that is not specified actual conditions in embodiment, builds according to normal condition or manufacturer
The condition of view carries out.Reagents or instruments used without specified manufacturer is the conventional production that can be obtained by commercially available purchase
Product.
The water chestnut artificial hybridization breeding method of the embodiment of the present invention is specifically described below.
The embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of water chestnut artificial hybridization breeding method comprising following steps：
S1, it selects male parent water chestnut, maternal water chestnut as parent, cultivates respectively, male parent water chestnut grows male parent bud, and maternal water chestnut grows mother
This bud.Wherein, the breeding method of parent is：In late March, by water chestnut seed in nursery Tanaka sowing, Pregermination and seedling breeding, nursery field
5~10cm depth of waters are kept gradually to deepen the depth of water in nursery field after the water outlet of water chestnut seedling, until same in transplanting the last week and field planting field
The depth of water is 30~40cm；Water chestnut seedling is colonized, 1.5~2.0m of line-spacing by after planting 40~45d in field planting Tanaka, and hill spacing 1.5~
2.0m, 2~4 plants of the plant water chestnut seedling per cave.
The measurement for carrying out out-crossing index (OCI) to water chestnut according to the method for Dafni shows that water chestnut Sexual breed system is selfing parent
With, it is sometimes desirable to pollinator.The standard for judging breeding system with P/O according to Cruden shows that the breeding system of water chestnut is facultative different
It hands over.Study water chestnut flowering dynamics the result shows that：The water chestnut florescence, full-bloom stage was in 7~August, single florescence 15h, different product in 5~October
The flowers are in blossom puts that peak is variant, and artificial cultivation water chestnut is largely spent 11 for kind of water chestnut：00~20：00 opens, and wild water chestnut is largely spent 5:
00~14：00 opens.By taking the water chestnut that open in the morning as an example, water chestnut is from the overall process withered is opened into：8:The sepal of 00 bud
Cracking；10:10 petals are higher by sepal 0.4cm, and petal starts to loosen (to be peeled off other buds of homologous state, can see 1 at this time
Piece stamen and column cap have a small amount of pollen closely column cap with high)；11:The flowers are in blossom puts for 00 water chestnut, stamen loose powder；14：00 pollen has dissipated
To the greatest extent, anthocaulus is still stood upright；23:00 anthocaulus is poured into water, that is, withers, and water chestnut fruit is ripe after 35d.
S2, the sepal male parent bud that just cracking to petal does not loosen is chosen, and bagging is carried out to male parent bud, in order to avoid pollen
Mix or pollen is blown off and is carried away by insect；The maternal bud that sepal has just cracked is chosen, the sepal of maternal bud is removed,
It is specifically cut off with upper bit in the middle part of sepal with medical eye scissors, to prevent hybrid seed dehiscent fruit, then removes maternal bud
Petal specifically pinches petal with tweezers, then pinches stamen, specifically pinches stamen with tweezers, is then carried out to maternal bud
Bagging waits for pollination.In the present embodiment, bagging be set sulfuric acid paper bag, sulfuric acid paper bag thickness 0.05mm, size be 6.5cm ×
5.5cm。
Result of study is shown：2h after the sepal cracking of bud, petal start to loosen, and peel off other flowers of homologous state at this time
Flower bud can see 1 piece of stamen with column cap with height, and have a small amount of pollen closely column cap, therefore the emasculation time of maternal bud is preferred
After sepal just cracks to cracking in the period of 1h.
S3,0~4h, 0~3h preferably after removing stamen, more preferably after removing stamen after maternal bud removes stamen
0~2h at this time opens maternal bud bagging, and the pollen of the male parent water chestnut to bloom after bagging is taken to pollinate flower of female parent, pollination
Time was preferably the 9 of the pollination same day：00~18：00, continue to cultivate, the seed of the maternal water chestnut after harvest pollination hybridizes to get water chestnut
Seed.Wherein, pollinating method is：Male parent flower is tipped upside down on the column cap of flower of female parent and is gently rubbed, keeps the pollen of male parent flower equal
On the even column cap for investing flower of female parent.In addition, the continuation breeding method after completion pollination is：Flower of female parent after pollination is covered
Bag, after 2d, bagging is removed, and flower of female parent is pressed in water；22~28d after pollination, preferably 25d, with 10.0cm × 15.0cm yarns
Mesh bag entangles the seed of maternal water chestnut, while gauze bag bolt being fallen into the water on bamboo pole to prevent seed, 35~40d seeds at
It is ripe, it can harvest to get hybrid seed at this time.
Shown by Pistil recipient phase inspection result：Water chestnut has strong Enumerable infinite set when sepal cracks, and water chestnut opens in sepal
After splitting 4h, Pistil recipient phase drastically declines, and is 19.8%；Water chestnut is cracked in sepal after 3h, Pistil recipient phase 47.0%；Water chestnut
After sepal cracks 0~2h, Pistil recipient phase is 52.0~50.0%, at this point, the Pistil recipient phase of water chestnut is with respect to highest, it is most suitable
Preferably pollinate.Therefore, when the sepal of maternal bud just cracks should emasculation immediately, just can guarantee maternal bud sepal crack 0
~2h (i.e. 0~2h after maternal bud removes stamen) pollinates, to ensure that maternal chapiter has higher Enumerable infinite set.This
The setting percentage of the water chestnut of phase hybridization is up to 52.0%.
Moreover, because the pollination same day, to male parent bud bagging, after 1.5~3.5h of bagging, male parent water chestnut blooms, and male parent water chestnut opens
Flower refers to that petal opens completely, and anther dehiscence, discharges pollen, you can to male parent flower powder collecting.By water chestnut pollen activity inspection result
Show：It is opened completely from petal and anther dehiscence, starts to calculate flowering time, water chestnut pollen activity is higher at the beginning of blooming, and is opening
After flower 1.5h, pollen activity maintains 48.8%, and after 4.5h of blooming, pollen activity declines rapidly；After blooming for 24 hours, pollen
Vigor is almost nil, loses activity completely.Therefore, the pollen of the male parent water chestnut in the present embodiment is 0~4.5h of male parent water chestnut Post flowering
(being opened completely from petal and anther dehiscence, start to calculate flowering time), the preferably pollen of 0~1.5h of male parent water chestnut Post flowering,
The more preferably pollen of 0~1h of male parent water chestnut Post flowering, the most preferably pollen of 0~0.5h of male parent water chestnut Post flowering.It lives to water chestnut pollen
Power and the Enumerable infinite set testing result of column cap show that same colored female, spermary official can also overlap on sustained height, time, from
Flower pollination can be with fertilization.
S4, water chestnut hybrid seed water is hidden, the next spring proliferation seed is planted, and selection meets the single plant of breeding objective.It should
Note that the ripe hybrid seed after harvesting is answered in soaking water and preserved, natural germination percentage is up to 95.0% or more.
Wherein, water chestnut hybrid seed breeding method is：
Nursery and field planting：Late March sows above-mentioned water chestnut hybrid seed in nursery field, and after planting 40~45d divides single plant to exist
1m2The field planting of breeding pond, per 1m2Breeding pond transplant 1 single plant, while carrying out accession designation number.
Fertilizer and water management：Nursery field is per 667m2It applies 10~15kg of composite fertilizer and makees base manure, the depth of water is preferably 5~10cm.Breeding pond base
Fertilizer is preferably per 667m2Apply 30~40kg of composite fertilizer, 45~55kg of calcium magnesium phosphate.In water chestnut seedling vigorous period, per 667m2Apply composite fertilizer 8
~12kg；It yields positive results the phase, 0.2% biphosphate potassium foliage fertilizer is sprayed 3~4 times per minor tick 15d；8~October, according to water chestnut disk
Growing way applies 20~30kg/667m of composite fertilizer every 30d2.Breeding pond early period keeps 15~25cm depth of waters, keep 30 after just spending~
The 40cm depth of waters.
Select the method for the single plant for meeting breeding objective for：
M1 primary election：Single-strain planting is carried out to above-mentioned water chestnut hybrid seed, growth selection gesture is prosperous, resistance, kipeming high yield it is excellent
Good single plant, marker number, and the indices in fine individual plant water chestnut growth course are investigated, such as water chestnut disk diameter, length of blade, blade
Width, single plant water chestnut disk number, single water chestnut disk number of results, tender water chestnut fruit colour, fruit angle number, fruit length, fruit width, single fruit matter
Amount, single fruit meat quality, pulp rate, maturity, yield and resistant to diseases and insects etc..
M2 final elections：Information integration analysis result is recorded according to the observation, is decided what to use, and the single plant for not meeting index request is eliminated
The seed of water chestnut will meet the offspring of breeding objective, continue in 1m2Breeding pond divide single-strain planting.It should be by the above process
Row selfing in 6~7 years is homozygous.
M3 is tentatively bred：By selected single plant, a certain number of groups are bred respectively, for variety test of lines, simultaneously
Investigate and analyse its reproductive capacity.
M4 variety test of lines：The referred to as strain that raises up seed of selected single plant；With parent and it is representational when landlord plant
It trains kind as a contrast, experiment is compared under same cultivation condition, the project of Identification has water chestnut disk diameter, blade long
Degree, width of blade, tender water chestnut fruit colour, fruit angle number, fruit length, fruit width, fruit mass, single fruit meat quality, pulp
Rate, maturity, yield and resistant to diseases and insects etc..
It is fixed that M5 submits a report asking for careful (recognizing)：The excellent strain filtered out is planted experimentally through variety test of lines and Regional suitability, you can report
Please provincial Cultuvar registration committee member to make a joint checkup (recognizing) fixed.
M6 breeding stocks：The excellent water chestnut strain selected is bred, bred out after relevant unit authorizes
Excellent water chestnut original seed.
M7 Multiplication and extensions：Good seed through authorization qualification can be bred and large-scale promotion.
Result of study of the present invention is shown：Water chestnut spontaneous pollination setting percentage is up to 85.7%, not emasculation bagging (selfing) setting percentage
80.9%, show that the pollination form of water chestnut is based on self-pollination, the water chestnut using artificial cross breeding method of the invention hybridizes knot
Real rate is up to 52%.
The feature and performance of the present invention are described in further detail with reference to embodiments.
Embodiment 1
Embodiment 1 provides a kind of water chestnut artificial hybridization breeding method, includes the following steps：
Parent material：Jiayu water chestnut originates in Hubei Province Jiayu County；The red water chestnut in Hanchuan originates in Hubei Province Hanchuan City.It is all from country
Germplasm Wuhan aquatic vegetable resource garden.
The nursery and field planting of parent：Select Jiayu water chestnut as female parent, the red water chestnut in Hanchuan is as male parent, by the end of March in nursery Tanaka
Seeding and seedling raising, sowing quantity 0.6kg/m2, nursery field keeps the 8cm depth of waters gradually to deepen the depth of water in nursery field, directly after the water outlet of water chestnut seedling
To in transplanting the last week and the field planting same depth of water 35cm in field, after planting 45d field planting, spreads fertilizer over the fields base manure, line-spacing 1.8m, hill spacing before field planting
1.8m, 3 plants of the plant water chestnut seedling per cave, male parent water chestnut grows male parent bud, and maternal water chestnut grows maternal bud.
Male parent bagging：The male parent bud before robust growth is full, the rigid cracking of sepal does not loosen also to petal is chosen, sulfuric acid is used
Paper bag packages, and tying, listed, is carried away with insect in order to avoid pollen mixes or is blown off.
Maternal emasculation bagging：The maternal bud that selection robust growth is full, sepal has just cracked, is first cut with medical eye scissors
It goes in the middle part of sepal with upper bit, then pinches petal, stamen with tweezers, packaged with sulfuric acid paper bag, and is tying, listed.
Pollination：Remove after stamen in 0~3h in water chestnut flower of female parent, covered sulfuric acid paper bag is opened, by just open male parent flower
It tips upside down on the column cap of flower of female parent and gently rubs, paternal pollen is made uniformly to invest on the column cap of flower of female parent, ensure pollination time
9：00~18:00, flower of female parent is packaged with sulfuric acid paper bag again after pollination, tying is listed, and bamboo pole work is plugged beside plant
For label.It pollinates after 2d, removes covered sulfuric acid paper bag, while flower of female parent being pressed in water.
Seed collection：25d is entangled the seed of maternal water chestnut with gauze bag after pollination, while by gauze bag bolt on bamboo pole,
To prevent falling into the water, 35~40d seed maturities harvest up to water chestnut hybrid seed, and the water chestnut hybrid seed after harvesting is answered in soaking water
It preserves.
Sowing, nursery and the field planting of hybrid seed：Second year is sowed in nursery field by the end of March, by above-mentioned water chestnut hybrid seed, is broadcast
45d divides single plant in 1m after kind2The field planting of breeding pond, per 1m2Breeding pond transplant 1 single plant.Nursery Tian Yi is per 667m2It applies
Composite fertilizer 12kg, the depth of water are preferably 7cm；Breeding pond base manure is preferably per 667m2Apply composite fertilizer 35kg, calcium magnesium phosphate 50kg；It is prosperous in water chestnut seedling
Growth period is contained, per 667m2Apply composite fertilizer 10kg；It yields positive results the phase, 0.2% biphosphate potassium foliage fertilizer 4 is sprayed per minor tick 15d
It is secondary；8~October applies composite fertilizer 25kg/667m according to water chestnut disk growing way every 30d2.Breeding pond keeps 35cm or so the depth of water.
Selection and breeding：The water chestnut single plant of selection precocity, high yield.
(1) primary election：According to breeding objective, growth selection gesture is prosperous, resistance, kipeming high yield several fine individual plants, label
Number, for observation；
(2) it observes：The indices in water chestnut growth course are investigated, such as water chestnut disk diameter, length of blade, width of blade, single plant
Water chestnut disk number, single water chestnut disk number of results, tender water chestnut fruit colour, fruit angle number, fruit length, fruit width, fruit mass, single fruit meat
Quality, pulp rate, maturity, yield and resistant to diseases and insects etc.；
(3) final election：Information integration analysis result is recorded according to the observation, is decided what to use, and it is pure should generally to carry out selfing in 6~7 years
It closes；
(4) preliminary breeding：By selected single plant, a certain number of groups are bred respectively, for variety test of lines, simultaneously
Investigate and analyse its reproductive capacity；
(5) variety test of lines：The referred to as strain that raises up seed of selected single plant；With parent material and work as landlord cultivar
As a contrast, experiment is compared under same cultivation condition, the project of Identification has water chestnut disk diameter, length of blade, blade
Width, tender water chestnut fruit colour, fruit angle number, fruit length, fruit width, fruit mass, single fruit meat quality, pulp rate, maturity,
Yield and resistant to diseases and insects etc.；
(6) it is fixed to submit a report asking for careful (recognizing)：The excellent strain filtered out is planted experimentally through variety test of lines and Regional suitability, you can report
Please provincial Cultuvar registration committee member to make a joint checkup (recognizing) fixed；
(7) breeding stock is bred, is bred out after relevant unit authorizes to the excellent water chestnut strain selected
Excellent water chestnut original seed；
(8) Multiplication and extension：Good seed through authorization qualification can be bred and large-scale promotion.
The present embodiment selects water chestnut 13-68 new lines, is somebody's turn to do by hybridizing Jiayu water chestnut (female parent) with Hanchuan red water chestnut (male parent)
It is as shown in table 1 that water chestnut new lines with maternal (Jiayu water chestnut), male parent (the red water chestnut in Hanchuan) adopt the comparison of phase about yield and beginning.
The yield and beginning of 1 13-68 of table and parent water chestnut adopt phase situation
As seen from the above table, the beginning of the water chestnut new lines adopts the phase and does sth. in advance 28d than maternal (Jiayu water chestnut), and yield is than maternal (Jiayu
Water chestnut) improve 12.1%；It is suitable with male parent (the red water chestnut in Hanchuan) compared with that beginning adopts the phase, and yield is than male parent (Hanchuan red water chestnut) improve 36.8%.
Therefore, which has the heterosis, hybrid vigors such as prosperous growth potential, maturity morning, yield height.
Embodiment 2
Embodiment 2 provides a kind of water chestnut hybrid seed, is obtained according to following water chestnut artificial hybridization breeding method：
Parent material：The red water chestnut in Hanchuan originates in Hubei Province Hanchuan City；Trapa natans originate in Suzhou City of Jiangsu Province.It is all from country
Germplasm Wuhan aquatic vegetable resource garden.
The nursery and field planting of parent：Select the red water chestnut in Hanchuan as female parent, trapa natans are as male parent, at the end of March in nursery field
Middle seeding and seedling raising, sowing quantity 0.5kg/m2, nursery field keeps the 5cm depth of waters, after the water outlet of water chestnut seedling, the gradual depth of water for deepening nursery field,
Until in transplanting the last week and the field planting same depth of water 30cm in field, after planting 45d is colonized, and base manure, line-spacing 1.5m, cave are spread fertilizer over the fields before field planting
Away from 1.5m, 2 plants of the plant water chestnut seedling per cave, male parent water chestnut grows male parent bud, and maternal water chestnut grows maternal bud.
The male parent bud that robust growth is full, the rigid cracking of sepal does not loosen to petal is chosen, is packaged with sulfuric acid paper bag, and prick
Mouth is listed, and is carried away with insect in order to avoid pollen mixes or is blown off.The female parent that selection robust growth is full, sepal has just cracked
Bud is first cut off in the middle part of sepal with medical eye scissors with upper bit, then pinches petal, stamen with tweezers, with sulfuric acid paper bag set
It is good and tying, listed.
Remove after stamen in 3~4h in water chestnut flower of female parent, covered sulfuric acid paper bag is opened, just open male parent flower is tipped upside down on
It rubs on the column cap of flower of female parent and gently, paternal pollen is made uniformly to invest on the column cap of flower of female parent, ensure pollination time 9：00
~18:00, flower of female parent is packaged with sulfuric acid paper bag again after pollination, tying is listed, and plugs bamboo pole as mark beside plant
Note.It pollinates after 2d, removes covered sulfuric acid paper bag, while flower of female parent being pressed in water.After pollination 22d with gauze bag by maternal water chestnut
Seed entangles, while by gauze bag bolt on bamboo pole, and to prevent falling into the water, seed maturity harvests up to water chestnut hybrid seed, harvesting
Water chestnut hybrid seed afterwards, which is answered in soaking water, to be preserved.
Second year carries out growing nursery and culture by the end of March, by above-mentioned water chestnut hybrid seed：
Nursery Tian Yi is per 667m2It applies composite fertilizer 10kg and makees base manure, the depth of water is preferably 5cm；Breeding pond base manure is preferably per 667m2Shi Fu
Hefei 30kg, calcium magnesium phosphate 45kg, after planting 45d divide single plant to be colonized in breeding pond, per 1m2Transplant 1 single plant, breeding in breeding pond
Early period is protected 20cm water levels in pond, and the 30cm depth of waters are kept after just spending.In water chestnut seedling vigorous period, per 667m2Apply composite fertilizer 8kg；
It yields positive results the phase, 0.2% biphosphate potassium foliage fertilizer is sprayed 4 times per minor tick 15d；8~October, according to water chestnut disk growing way, every
30d is per 667m2Apply composite fertilizer 20kg.After method selection and breeding same as Example 1, water chestnut new lines 12-56, the new product are obtained
Be per mu yield it is 710kg, hence it is evident that higher than male parent and maternal yield, the beginning adopts the phase obviously in advance in male parent, concrete outcome such as 2 institute of table
Show.
The yield and beginning of 2 12-56 of table and parent water chestnut adopt phase situation
Embodiment 3
Embodiment 3 provides a kind of water chestnut hybrid seed, is obtained according to following water chestnut artificial hybridization breeding method：
Parent material：Mineral elements originate in Jiaxing City, Zhejiang Province；The open countries L water chestnut -4 originate in Wuchang county of Hubei Province.It is all from country
Germplasm Wuhan aquatic vegetable resource garden.
The nursery and field planting of parent：Select Mineral elements as female parent, the open countries L water chestnut -4 is used as male parent, at the end of March in nursery Tanaka
Seeding and seedling raising, sowing quantity 0.7kg/m2, nursery field keeps the 10cm depth of waters gradually to deepen the depth of water in nursery field, directly after the water outlet of water chestnut seedling
To in transplanting the last week and the field planting same depth of water 40cm in field, after planting 45d field planting, spreads fertilizer over the fields base manure, line-spacing 2.0m, hill spacing before field planting
2.0m, 4 plants of the plant water chestnut seedling per cave, male parent water chestnut grows male parent bud, and maternal water chestnut grows maternal bud.
The male parent bud before robust growth is full, the rigid cracking of sepal does not loosen also to petal is chosen, is packaged with sulfuric acid paper bag,
And it is tying, listed, it is carried away with insect in order to avoid pollen mixes or is blown off.Selection robust growth is full, sepal has just cracked
Maternal bud is first cut off in the middle part of sepal with medical eye scissors with upper bit, then pinches petal, stamen with tweezers, uses template
Bag packages, and tying, listed.
Remove after stamen in 0~2h in water chestnut flower of female parent, covered sulfuric acid paper bag is opened, just open male parent flower is tipped upside down on
It rubs on the column cap of flower of female parent and gently, paternal pollen is made uniformly to invest on the column cap of flower of female parent, ensure pollination time 9：00
~18:00, flower of female parent is packaged with sulfuric acid paper bag again after pollination, tying is listed, and plugs bamboo pole as mark beside plant
Note.It pollinates after 2d, removes covered sulfuric acid paper bag, while flower of female parent being pressed in water.After pollination 28d with gauze bag by maternal water chestnut
Seed entangles, while by gauze bag bolt on bamboo pole, and to prevent falling into the water, seed maturity is harvested to get water chestnut hybrid seed, adopted
Water chestnut hybrid seed after receipts, which is answered in soaking water, to be preserved.
Above-mentioned water chestnut hybrid seed is carried out growing nursery and culture by second year by the end of March：
Nursery field is per 667m2Composite fertilizer 15kg is applied as base manure, the depth of water is preferably 10cm；Breeding pond base manure is preferably per 667m2Shi Fu
Hefei 40kg, calcium magnesium phosphate 55kg, after planting 45d divide single plant to be colonized in breeding pond, per 1m2Transplant 1 single plant, breeding in breeding pond
Pond keeps the 25cm depth of waters early period, and the 40cm depth of waters are kept after just spending.In water chestnut seedling vigorous period, per 667m2Apply composite fertilizer
12kg；It yields positive results the phase, 0.2% biphosphate potassium foliage fertilizer is sprayed 3 times per minor tick 15d；8~October, according to water chestnut disk growing way,
Every 30d per 667m2Apply composite fertilizer 30kg.After selection and breeding, water chestnut new lines 11-79 is obtained, the per mu yield of the new lines is
650kg, hence it is evident that higher than male parent and maternal per mu yield, the beginning adopts the phase obviously in advance in female parent, and concrete outcome is as shown in table 3.
The yield and beginning of 3 11-79 of table and parent water chestnut adopt phase situation
In conclusion the water chestnut artificial hybridization breeding method of the embodiment of the present invention, by artificial hybridization technology, directive breeding goes out
Growth potential is strong, resistance is strong, the apparent water chestnut hybrid seed of heterosis, hybrid vigor.Embodiments described above is that a part of the invention is real
Example is applied, instead of all the embodiments.
The detailed description of the embodiment of the present invention is not intended to limit the range of claimed invention, but only table
Show the selected embodiment of the present invention.Based on the embodiments of the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art are not making creativeness
The every other embodiment obtained under the premise of labour, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of water chestnut artificial hybridization breeding method, which is characterized in that it includes the following steps：
It selects male parent water chestnut, maternal water chestnut as parent, cultivates respectively, male parent water chestnut grows male parent bud, and maternal water chestnut grows maternal bud；
The sepal male parent bud that just cracking to petal does not loosen is chosen, and bagging is carried out to the male parent bud；Choose calyx
The maternal bud that piece has just cracked to after cracking in the period of 1h, removes in the middle part of the sepal of the female parent bud with top
Position, petal, then stamen is pinched, and bagging is carried out to the maternal bud；
Bagging is opened, takes the pollen of the male parent water chestnut to bloom after bagging to pollinate the flower of female parent, the male parent water chestnut
Pollen be 0~4.5h of the male parent water chestnut Post flowering pollen, the pollination is 0 after the maternal bud removes the stamen
~4h is carried out, and continues to cultivate, and the seed of the maternal water chestnut after harvest pollination is to get water chestnut hybrid seed.
2. water chestnut artificial hybridization breeding method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that remove the described of the maternal bud
The method of sepal is to cut off the sepal with medical eye scissors, and the method for removing the petal of the maternal bud is to use tweezer
Son pinches the petal, and the method for pinching the stamen is to pinch the stamen with tweezers.
3. water chestnut artificial hybridization breeding method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the pollination time was on the pollination same day
9：00~18：00.
4. water chestnut artificial hybridization breeding method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the pollinating method is：It will be described
Male parent flower is tipped upside down on the column cap of the flower of female parent and is rubbed, and the pollen of the male parent flower is made uniformly to invest the flower of female parent
On the column cap.
5. water chestnut artificial hybridization breeding method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that it refers to petal that the male parent water chestnut, which blooms,
It opens completely, and anther dehiscence, discharges pollen.
6. water chestnut artificial hybridization breeding method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the breeding method of the parent is：
In late March, water chestnut seed is sowed in nursery Tanaka, nursery field keeps 5~10cm depth of waters, after the water outlet of water chestnut seedling, gradually deepens to educate
The depth of water in seedling field, until in transplanting the last week and the field planting same 30~40cm of the depth of water in field；After planting 40~45d, by the water chestnut seedling
In field planting Tanaka's field planting, 1.5~2.0m of line-spacing, 1.5~2.0m of hill spacing transplant 2~4 plants of water chestnut seedlings per cave.
7. water chestnut artificial hybridization breeding method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that complete to continue to train after the pollination
Educating method is：Bagging is carried out to the flower of female parent after pollination, after 2d, removes bagging, and the flower of female parent is pressed in water；It awards
22~28d after powder is entangled the seed of the maternal water chestnut with gauze bag, to get the water chestnut hybrid seed after the seed maturity.
8. water chestnut artificial hybridization breeding method according to any one of claim 1 to 7, which is characterized in that its further include with
Lower step：The water chestnut hybrid seed water is hidden, the next spring proliferation seed is planted, and selection meets the single plant of breeding objective.
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