CN106414375B - 化合物中或与之相关的改进 - Google Patents
化合物中或与之相关的改进 Download PDFInfo
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- CN106414375B CN106414375B CN201580005428.8A CN201580005428A CN106414375B CN 106414375 B CN106414375 B CN 106414375B CN 201580005428 A CN201580005428 A CN 201580005428A CN 106414375 B CN106414375 B CN 106414375B
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- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 title description 5
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 title description 2
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 150000004696 coordination complex Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 125000004437 phosphorous atom Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 20
- IMKJGXCIJJXALX-SHUKQUCYSA-N Norambreinolide Chemical compound CC([C@@H]1CC2)(C)CCC[C@]1(C)[C@@H]1[C@]2(C)OC(=O)C1 IMKJGXCIJJXALX-SHUKQUCYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 19
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphine Chemical compound P XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 235000004347 Perilla Nutrition 0.000 claims description 13
- 241000229722 Perilla <angiosperm> Species 0.000 claims description 13
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000073 phosphorus hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- YPZUZOLGGMJZJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ambrofix Natural products C1CC2C(C)(C)CCCC2(C)C2C1(C)OCC2 YPZUZOLGGMJZJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- YPZUZOLGGMJZJO-LQKXBSAESA-N ambroxan Chemical compound CC([C@@H]1CC2)(C)CCC[C@]1(C)[C@@H]1[C@]2(C)OCC1 YPZUZOLGGMJZJO-LQKXBSAESA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000002466 imines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002596 lactones Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000004423 acyloxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 4
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric oxide Chemical compound O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical group [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052762 osmium Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003951 lactams Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims 3
- SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N osmium atom Chemical group [Os] SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-DICFDUPASA-N dichloromethane-d2 Chemical compound [2H]C([2H])(Cl)Cl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-DICFDUPASA-N 0.000 description 82
- -1 Ru or Os Chemical class 0.000 description 80
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 66
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N Trichloro(2H)methane Chemical compound [2H]C(Cl)(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N 0.000 description 58
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 56
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 54
- QUSNBJAOOMFDIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylamine Chemical compound CCN QUSNBJAOOMFDIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 41
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 37
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 35
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 35
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 29
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 28
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 27
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 26
- 238000004679 31P NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 25
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 25
- RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylphosphine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 25
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanol Natural products OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 23
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 20
- 239000012044 organic layer Substances 0.000 description 20
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 19
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 18
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 18
- 238000001644 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 17
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium sulphate Substances [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 16
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 13
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 13
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 description 11
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 11
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 11
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000009903 catalytic hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- DHCWLIOIJZJFJE-UHFFFAOYSA-L dichlororuthenium Chemical compound Cl[Ru]Cl DHCWLIOIJZJFJE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 10
- 238000002290 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000002330 electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 9
- 125000004705 ethylthio group Chemical group C(C)S* 0.000 description 9
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium bicarbonate Substances [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 9
- IKHGUXGNUITLKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetaldehyde Chemical compound CC=O IKHGUXGNUITLKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formic acid Chemical compound OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- BZLVMXJERCGZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl tert-butyl ether Chemical compound COC(C)(C)C BZLVMXJERCGZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 125000003963 dichloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 description 8
- WIWBLJMBLGWSIN-UHFFFAOYSA-L dichlorotris(triphenylphosphine)ruthenium(ii) Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ru+2].C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 WIWBLJMBLGWSIN-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 8
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Dichloroethane Chemical compound ClCCCl WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 238000003818 flash chromatography Methods 0.000 description 7
- BDAWXSQJJCIFIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium methoxide Chemical compound [K+].[O-]C BDAWXSQJJCIFIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 7
- FAMLQSCGIQGDPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,4-dihydroxy-6-[4-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-(sulfooxymethyl)oxolan-3-yl]oxy-5-sulfooxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid Chemical compound OC1C(CO)OC(COS(O)(=O)=O)C1OC1C(OS(O)(=O)=O)C(O)C(O)C(C(O)=O)O1 FAMLQSCGIQGDPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 208000033962 Fontaine progeroid syndrome Diseases 0.000 description 5
- MTZQAGJQAFMTAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl benzoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 MTZQAGJQAFMTAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910000104 sodium hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 4
- DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tert-Butanol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)O DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiophene Chemical compound C=1C=CSC=1 YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 239000012300 argon atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 4
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 4
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 4
- GPAYUJZHTULNBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenylphosphine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1PC1=CC=CC=C1 GPAYUJZHTULNBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000012065 filter cake Substances 0.000 description 4
- JYDJBSNWEMPPEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexanethial Chemical compound CCCCCC=S JYDJBSNWEMPPEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- SYSQUGFVNFXIIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[4-(1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl)phenyl]-4-nitrobenzenesulfonamide Chemical class C1=CC([N+](=O)[O-])=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)NC1=CC=C(C=2OC3=CC=CC=C3N=2)C=C1 SYSQUGFVNFXIIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 description 4
- GSNYHCYKJZVAMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ruthenium(2+);triphenylphosphane Chemical compound [Ru+2].C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 GSNYHCYKJZVAMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000921 elemental analysis Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003205 fragrance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- YAYGSLOSTXKUBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N ruthenium(2+) Chemical compound [Ru+2] YAYGSLOSTXKUBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000012279 sodium borohydride Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000033 sodium borohydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229930192474 thiophene Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 3
- DVOAQLUDKIFSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-dimethoxy-2-methylsulfanylethane Chemical compound COC(OC)CSC DVOAQLUDKIFSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RPLPGIHCAYAYKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-butoxyacetaldehyde Chemical compound CCCCOCC=O RPLPGIHCAYAYKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QCXHWPKUSWMCSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-octylsulfanylacetaldehyde Chemical compound CCCCCCCCSCC=O QCXHWPKUSWMCSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FKLSONDBCYHMOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9E-dodecenoic acid Natural products CCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O FKLSONDBCYHMOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 2
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005662 Paraffin oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- WQDUMFSSJAZKTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium methoxide Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C WQDUMFSSJAZKTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- HUMNYLRZRPPJDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzaldehyde Chemical compound O=CC1=CC=CC=C1 HUMNYLRZRPPJDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012230 colorless oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012043 crude product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000004005 formimidoyl group Chemical group [H]\N=C(/[H])* 0.000 description 2
- CNUDBTRUORMMPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N formylthiophene Chemical compound O=CC1=CC=CS1 CNUDBTRUORMMPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000009905 homogeneous catalytic hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- LGRLWUINFJPLSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanide Chemical compound [CH3-] LGRLWUINFJPLSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000956 methoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 2
- SKTCDJAMAYNROS-UHFFFAOYSA-N methoxycyclopentane Chemical compound COC1CCCC1 SKTCDJAMAYNROS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000004123 n-propyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 2
- 239000002304 perfume Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006276 transfer reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 description 2
- QSLPNSWXUQHVLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N $l^{1}-sulfanylmethane Chemical compound [S]C QSLPNSWXUQHVLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NKPXTNPNZFWDCL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(2,2-dimethoxyethoxy)butane Chemical compound CCCCOCC(OC)OC NKPXTNPNZFWDCL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DRCPJRZHAJMWOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-diphenylphosphinobenzaldehyde Chemical compound O=CC1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 DRCPJRZHAJMWOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JWUJQDFVADABEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyltetrahydrofuran Chemical compound CC1CCCO1 JWUJQDFVADABEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HYDWALOBQJFOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,6,9,12,15-pentaoxaheptadecane Chemical compound CCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCC HYDWALOBQJFOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004322 Butylated hydroxytoluene Substances 0.000 description 1
- NLZUEZXRPGMBCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butylhydroxytoluene Chemical compound CC1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 NLZUEZXRPGMBCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 101100379079 Emericella variicolor andA gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acrylate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C=C JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012327 Ruthenium complex Substances 0.000 description 1
- KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium Chemical compound [Na] KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FZWLAAWBMGSTSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiazole Chemical group C1=CSC=N1 FZWLAAWBMGSTSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ACIAHEMYLLBZOI-ZZXKWVIFSA-N Unsaturated alcohol Chemical compound CC\C(CO)=C/C ACIAHEMYLLBZOI-ZZXKWVIFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002015 acyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004442 acylamino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000001476 alcoholic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005576 amination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 235000010354 butylated hydroxytoluene Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940095259 butylated hydroxytoluene Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002512 chemotherapy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006356 dehydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003480 eluent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004945 emulsification Methods 0.000 description 1
- IMKJGXCIJJXALX-UHFFFAOYSA-N ent-Norambreinolide Natural products C1CC2C(C)(C)CCCC2(C)C2C1(C)OC(=O)C2 IMKJGXCIJJXALX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002024 ethyl acetate extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003810 ethyl acetate extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002240 furans Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 108700039708 galantide Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004836 hexamethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:2])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:1] 0.000 description 1
- 235000003642 hunger Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004845 hydriding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- KXUHSQYYJYAXGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutylbenzene Chemical compound CC(C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 KXUHSQYYJYAXGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052987 metal hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004681 metal hydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004702 methyl esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004682 monohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005580 one pot reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006053 organic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QNGNSVIICDLXHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N para-ethylbenzaldehyde Natural products CCC1=CC=C(C=O)C=C1 QNGNSVIICDLXHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pent‐4‐en‐2‐one Natural products CC(=O)CC=C PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WVDDGKGOMKODPV-ZQBYOMGUSA-N phenyl(114C)methanol Chemical group O[14CH2]C1=CC=CC=C1 WVDDGKGOMKODPV-ZQBYOMGUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003003 phosphines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002798 polar solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021420 polycrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000012805 post-processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LPNYRYFBWFDTMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium tert-butoxide Chemical compound [K+].CC(C)(C)[O-] LPNYRYFBWFDTMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003141 primary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940096995 sclareolide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003333 secondary alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000467 secondary amino group Chemical class [H]N([*:1])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012312 sodium hydride Substances 0.000 description 1
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000000935 solvent evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013599 spices Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010189 synthetic method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001544 thienyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003577 thiophenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
在包含含有氮、硫和磷原子的三齿或二齿‑配体的过渡金属配合物存在下氢化含有碳杂原子双键的底物的方法,其中至少所述N‑和P‑原子与所述过渡金属配位并且任选地所述S‑原子也与所述过渡金属配位。
Description
本发明涉及含有碳杂原子双键的底物的催化氢化领域,其中使用分子氢并采用催化系统,所述催化系统包含碱和VIII族金属与含有磷、氮和硫配位位置的三齿或二齿配体形成的金属配合物。本发明还涉及所述配体和含有所述配体的VIII族金属配合物。
用于将含有包括酯、内酯和其它羰基的官能团的底物还原为醇的合成方法和试剂在本领域中是已知的。WO2006106483公开了一类二齿钌(II)配合物,其可用于这些底物的催化氢化,而WO2013023307公开了一类用于此目的的三齿配合物。类似地,WO2006106484公开了一类用于此目的的四齿钌配合物。
尽管本领域中用于还原具有含有碳杂原子双键的官能团的底物的试剂和方法是已知的,但是仍然需要用于从含有羰基的底物生产醇的工业上可接受的试剂和方法。特别适合用于此目的的是氢气压力或氢转移条件下的催化剂,其使得这些方法能够以低催化剂负载、高转化率和对含有碳杂原子双键的基团而言高的化学选择性来进行。
本发明在第一方面提供了在根据以下通式的过渡金属配合物存在氢化含有碳杂原子双键的官能团的方法,
MX2[SNP]Y
其中M是VIII族过渡金属,例如Ru或Os,且SNP表示含有氮、硫和磷原子的三齿或二齿配体,其中至少所述N-和P-原子与所述过渡金属配位并且任选地所述S-原子也与所述过渡金属配位,每个X独立地选自卤化物(例如F、Cl或Br)、羟基、烷氧基、酰氧基、酰氨基,且每个Y独立地选自单齿膦或一氧化碳(CO)配体、亚硝酰基或RCN基(R=烷基、芳基)。
其中X=烷氧基、酰氧基或酰氨基,且Y=膦或RCN,这些配体可以是任选取代的。
术语“膦”包括单齿膦类,它们是多膦的一部分,其连接到低聚阵列中的金属核心M上。
在本发明的一个具体实施方案中,三齿或二齿配体上的氮原子形成胺基团或亚胺基团的一部分;而硫原子形成脂族基团的一部分或形成芳族环的一部分;且磷原子形成膦基团的一部分。
在一个具体的实施方案中,当硫原子形成芳族环的一部分时,所述环不是含有S和N杂原子二者的5元杂环。
在本发明的一个具体实施方案中,含有氮原子的基团在一侧与含有磷原子的基团侧接,而在另一侧与含有硫原子的基团侧接。
在本发明的一个具体实施方案中,所述三齿或二齿配体L由下式表示,
其中
R1和R2独立地选自H或C1-C20烷基或芳基,其可以是任选取代的,或R1和R2连接以使得它们与所连接的硫和碳原子一起形成杂脂族或杂芳族环,其可以是取代或未取代的,并且其中如果所述环是杂芳族环,则其不是含有S和N杂原子二者的5-元杂环,尤其是噻唑环;
R3-R7独立地选自H或C1-C20直链或支链烷基或烯基;C3-C8环烷基;或C5-C10芳基,其中前述基团中任意一个可以是取代或未取代的;或R2和R3;R3和R4;或R2和R4与它们所连接的碳原子一起形成5-或6-元脂族环,其任选地是不饱和的;和/或R5和R6;R5和R7;或R6和R7与它们所连接的碳原子一起形成5-或6-元脂族环,其任选地是不饱和的,其中前述基团中任意一个可以是取代或未取代的;
R8和R9独立地选自H或C1-C20直链或支链烷基或烯基;C3-C8环烷基;C5-C10芳基或杂芳基,其中前述基团中任意一个可以是取代或未取代的;
a和b独立地是0、1或2;
n是0或1;和
表示单键或双键,条件是当R2是H或C4-C20烷基时,表示单键;和当n是1时,每个表示碳-氮单键;而当n是0时,一个是碳-氮单键且另一个是碳-氮双键。
在本发明一个更具体的实施方案中,所述三齿或二齿配体可以由下式表示
其中
R1是H或C1-20烷基,其可以包含脂族环系、杂原子、不饱和或芳族基团,其是取代或未取代的,并且优选是甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基;
R8和R9独立地如上述所定义;
a和b独立地是1或2;
n是0或1;和
当n是1时,每个表示碳-氮单键;而当n是0时,一个是碳-氮单键且另一个是碳-氮双键。
在另一个具体的实施方案中,所述三齿或二齿配体可以由下式表示
其中R8、R9、a、b、n和如在前面紧邻的一段中所定义,并且噻吩基团可以是未取代的或被一个或多个选自C1-10烷基、芳基、杂芳基、烯基、腈或卤化物的取代基取代。
用于本发明的具体三齿或二齿配体选自
其中R1如上述所定义,并且尤其是甲基、正乙基、正丙基或正丁基;
R8和R9独立地选自C1-C20烷基或苯基,其是任选取代的;
当n是1时,是碳-氮单键,且n是0时,是碳-氮双键;和
R10可以是任意取代基,但是优选是选自C1-C10烷基、芳基、杂芳基、烯基、腈、卤化物的基团,它们全部可以是取代或未取代的;或R10是二价基团,其与杂芳族环中的两个碳原子连接并与这些碳原子一起形成C5-C7环;和
m是0、1、2或3。
优选的三齿或二齿配体是如上所述的那些,其中S-原子不形成环系的一部分。特别优选的是那些配体,其中R1和R2独立地选自H或C1-C20烷基或芳基,其可以是取代的。仍然更具体地,基团R1是脂族的,例如甲基或丁基。这些配体可以形成催化剂,其可以以特别高的效率催化碳-杂原子双键的氢化。
在本发明的一个具体实施方案中,所述配体不是选自如那些在WO2012/048646中所定义的配体:
在本发明的一个具体实施方案中,VIII族过渡金属配合物具有下式
MX2[SNP]Y
其中M、SNP、X和Y如上述所定义。
在本发明的一个具体实施方案中,VIII族过渡金属配合物选自下式的配合物,其中S-原子任选地与金属原子配位。
所述配体可以使用普通的起始材料和试剂、根据文献方法以直接的方式制备。配合物1的含噻吩的SNP-配体L1例如已经按照在CN102443082中所公开的方法制备。配合物6、7和8的邻-亚苯基桥连配体L3和L4例如已经按照类似于M.E.Bluhm等人在J.Organomet.Chem.690,713-721,2005中所公开的方法制备。
与含有噻吩的配体L1不同,带有嵌入一侧的硫醚中的硫、连接至仲胺NH的SN-和NP-亚烷基键和嵌入另一侧三取代膦中的磷原子的SNP配体如L2则没有被公开,并且其代表本发明的另一个方面。
因此,在本发明的另一个方面,提供根据上面所公开的式L2的配体以及含有所述配体的催化剂。
配体L1-L4的亚胺可以例如通过在适当的溶剂如低级醇、例如甲醇中醛与伯胺的缩合来制备。相应的胺可以通过使亚胺在适合的溶剂如乙醇中与还原剂例如硼氢化钠接触,从而由亚胺来制备。这两个步骤可以在本领域技术人员已知的条件下结合在一锅还原氨基化过程中。
一旦制备了所述配体,可以以自身已知的方式制备所述配体的金属配合物。以通常的方式,所述配体的金属配合物可以通过文献方法制备。例如,所述配体可以简单地与适合的金属前体如RuCl2(PPh3)3在回流条件下在适合的溶剂如甲苯中反应。可以使用可供替代的金属前体如RuCl2(DMSO)4、RuHCl(PPh3)3以及可供替代的溶剂如四氢呋喃或二氯甲烷。
本文所述的SNP的配体可形成八面体或三角双锥体过渡金属配合物。这意味着RuX2Y通过二齿PN-配位通过三齿SNP-配位与一个SNP-配体配合。弱供体硫-或噻吩-单元在钌核心上的配位因此是任选的,并且可以从配合物到配合物以及在氢化反应过程中改变,例如当RuX2的卤化物被氢化物交换时。MX2[SNP]Y配合物的基本特征是,只有一个SNP配体存在于MX2[SNP]Y中,如通过NMR、MS和元素分析所显示的。因此,三齿八面体和二齿三角型MX2[SNP]Y配合物均代表了本发明的不同方面,并且尽管硫-或噻吩-单元至金属核心的配位可以是任选的,然而其在SNP配体中的存在还是改进了催化剂效率,如通过例如Ru(II)SNP和Ru(II)ONP配合物4和10在香紫苏内酯(Sclareolide)的氢化中的对比所证明的。因此,尽管香紫苏内酯在25ppm的4的存在下完全氢化为香紫苏二醇(Sclareodiol),但是其ONP类似物10在0.1%时给出的仅仅是30%的香紫苏内酯至香紫苏二醇(转化率),而且在0.01%的水平下没有转化。
所述金属配合物可以在其使用前不久在氢化介质中原位制备,无需分离或纯化。一个合适的用于原位生产所述金属配合物的方法是在甲苯中在回流下加热金属前体RuCl2(PPh3)3和配体的1:1混合物几个小时,然后添加底物和碱,并将全部混合物在高压釜中在氢气压力下氢化。
本文所述的过渡金属配合物是用于催化含有碳-杂原子双键的官能团的氢化。这样的官能团包括、但不限于酯类、内酯类、酮类、醛类、酰胺类、内酰胺类和亚胺类,虽然它们特别适用于酯类和内酯类的氢化。特别有用的带有上述含有碳-杂原子双键的官能团的底物是那些在香料和香精工业有用的材料,无论是作为最终产品或作为最终产品的中间体。
在本发明的具体实施方案中,香紫苏内酯可以用本发明的过渡金属配合物氢化为中间体二醇(香紫苏二醇),然后使用文献方法环化为有价值的香料成分降龙涎香醚(Ambrox)。
该反应可以在适当的碱如甲醇钾的存在下和约50bar的氢气下、在升高的温度例如100℃下使用催化量的根据本发明的过渡金属配合物进行约4小时。该反应可以在溶剂如THF中进行。环化可以通过本领域技术人员已知的不同方法进行,如例如在WO2009010791中所公开的。
在另一个方面,本发明的催化剂可用于将取代或未取代的C8-C40烷酸酯、烯酸酯和苯甲酸酯氢化为相应的伯醇。这包括单-、二-和三酯的氢化。底物可以是甲基酯,但更优选乙基-或更高级酯,例如正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、叔丁基、异丁基或甚至更高级的支链和直链酯,其可以是取代或未取代的。
因此,各种酯可以以良好的效率被氢化,如α,β-不饱和酯11和不饱和酯13分别给出醇12和分别不饱和醇14,在后者的情况下具有高CO/烯烃选择性。
在又一个方面中,本发明的催化剂可用于酮类和亚胺类的氢转移反应,得到仲醇和胺。在氢转移反应中,羰基通过在碱的存在下从醇溶剂到羰基的氢转移被氢化。额外的氢气压力是不需要的,但可以任选地使用。
在又一个方面中,本发明的催化剂可用于脱氢反应。此类反应是所有上述转化的逆转,从而例如从醇类生成酯类,伴随着生成氢气。
在本发明的催化氢化反应中,过渡金属配合物可以相对于底物量为0.05-0.001mol%的量使用。
低催化剂水平是优选的,因为这能有效地降低催化均相氢化反应的总成本。
作为在催化氢化反应中使用的碱,可以提到金属烷酸盐。所述金属可以是Na、K或Cs;而烷酸盐可以是C1-C10烷酸盐,其可以是直链或支链的。
金属烷酸盐可以1摩尔-当量/底物和1摩尔-当量/催化剂之间的任何量使用,但通常以1-15%/底物的量使用以得到良好的结果并保持碱的低成本贡献。
另一组有效的碱包括金属氢化物如NaH或KH,其可以1摩尔-当量/底物和1摩尔-当量/催化剂之间的任何量使用,但通常以1-15%/底物的量使用以得到良好的结果并保持碱的低成本贡献。这些碱通常作为在矿物油中的分散体提供,所述碱可以该形式在氢化反应中使用或所述油可以在氢化之前被洗去。
在碱/溶剂系统中使用的溶剂可以是通常在均相催化氢化反应中使用的任何溶剂。溶剂的非限制性实例包括芳族溶剂如甲苯或二甲苯;烃溶剂如己烷或环己烷;醚类如四氢呋喃或MTBE;以及极性溶剂如叔丁醇。甲醇应该避免。优选的溶剂是醚类或呋喃类如THF或类似物如环戊基甲基醚(CPME)、甲基四氢呋喃,但也可使用任何无环或环状聚醚如二噁烷或四乙二醇二乙醚。
还可以使用低水平的溶剂或甚至无溶剂系统。低水平的溶剂包括<100%溶剂/底物的重量当量(w/w)、<50%w/w、<25%w/w或优选<10%w/w。
当使用溶剂时,其使用可以限于刚刚足以用于催化剂溶解/乳化和用于随后的转移和添加如此制备的催化剂溶液到底物中的用量。然而,所述催化剂也可以固体形式添加。除了这些可忽略的溶剂量,反应可以基本上在无溶剂情况下进行。
在严格的无溶剂条件下,催化剂溶解在所述底物的一部分中,随后该部分被添加到其余的底物中,或反之亦然。尽管如此,所述催化剂也可以固体形式加入。
特别有效的碱/溶剂系统包括在THF中的KOMe、在甲苯中的NaOMe、在tBuOH中的KOtBu、在THF中的NaH或在甲苯中的KH。
催化氢化反应可以在高压釜中在从1到80bar或甚至更高、更特别是40至80bar或更高的氢气压力范围下进行。本领域技术人员将理解的是,对于使用的金属配合物的水平,可调节H2压力以进行优化。
所述反应可进行的温度可以取决于以下的因素而变化,例如所使用的底物和反应产物的熔点/沸点、粘度以及极性以及实现完全或基本上完全的转化所需的反应时间。然而,通常所述反应将在50-120℃之间进行。
现在将在下面一系列实施例中进一步来说明本发明。
一般合成条件:
非极性GCMS:50℃/2min,20℃/min 200℃,35℃/min,270℃。具有HP 7890A系列GC系统的GC/MS Agilent 5975C MSD。非极性柱:得自BPX5的SGE,5%苯基95%二甲基聚硅氧烷,0.22mm×0.25mm×12m。载气:氦气。注射温度:230℃。分流1:50。流速:1.0ml/min。传输线:250℃。MS-四极:106℃。MS-源:230℃。
实施例1:RuCl2(2-(二苯基膦基)-N-(噻吩-2-基甲基)乙胺)PPh31
在氮气和搅拌下,将NaBH(OAc)3(4.4g,20mmol)添加到在1,2-二氯甲烷(75ml)中的2-(二苯基膦基)-乙胺(3g,12.4mmol)和噻吩-2-甲醛(1.6g,13.7mmol)中。在室温下搅拌18h后,将混合物倾入浓NaHCO3(100ml)中,并用乙酸乙酯萃取。将有机层用水和浓NaCl水溶液洗涤。将水相用乙酸乙酯再次萃取。将合并的有机层用MgSO4干燥、过滤并蒸发,得到4.6g黄色油状物,将其溶解在叔丁基甲基醚中并通过快速硅胶色谱法使用洗脱剂叔丁基甲基醚进行纯化。第一级分(1.85g)含有双烷基化产物(叔胺)并被弃去,第二级分(1.1g,27%)含有SNP-配体2-(二苯基膦基)-N-(噻吩-2-基甲基)-乙胺,为淡黄色油状物。分析数据:
1H-NMR(CD2Cl2,400MHz):δ7.38-7.43(4H,Ar),7.28-7.31(6H,Ar),7.2(m,1H,噻吩-CH),6.9(m,1H,噻吩-CH),6.85(m,1H,噻吩-CH),3.9(d,J=1.01Hz,2H,CH2N),2.69-2.84(m,2H,NCH2CH2P),2.20-2.30(m,2H,NCH2CH2P),1.7(s,1H,NH)ppm。13C-NMR(CD2Cl2,400MHz):δ144.6(s),138.8和138.7(s),132.7和132.6(s),128.6和128.5(d),128.4(d),126.5(d),124.6(d),124.15(d),48.05(t),45.9和45.7(t),28.9和28.8(t)ppm。31P-NMR(CD2Cl2,200MHz):-21.5ppm。MS(EI)(%)(m/z):325([M]+,17%),292([M-HS]+,20%),268([M-C2HS]+,15%),186([HPPh2]+,100%),97([CH2-噻吩]+,50%)。
将在二氯甲烷(15ml)中的SNP-配体2-(二苯基膦基)-N-(噻吩-2-基甲基)乙胺(0.16g,0.5mmol)和RuCl2(PPh3)3(0.5g,0.5mmol)在回流和氮气下加热搅拌24h。在室温下添加己烷(60ml)。将沉淀物过滤、用己烷(3×20ml)洗涤并在减压下干燥,得到配合物1(0.21g,55%),为砖红色粉末。1的分析数据:
1H-NMR(CD2Cl2,400MHz):δ2.3-2.43(m,1H),2.76-2.87(m,1H),3.3-3.5(m,2H),4.07-4.15(m,1H),4.39-4.46(m,1H),4.56-4.68(m,1H),6.00(d,J=5.3Hz,1H),6.85-7.58(m,30H)ppm。31P-NMR(CD2Cl2,200MHz):δ42.79(d,2JP,P=34Hz,1P),60.0(d,2JP,P=33Hz,1P)。MS(EI)(%)(m/z):480([M-Cl+Na]+,748%)。C37H35Cl2NP2RuS的分析计算值:C,58.50%;H,4.64%;N,1.84%。实测值:C,58.42%;H,4.92%;N,1.74%。
实施例2:RuCl2(2-(二苯基膦基)-N-(噻吩-2-基甲基)乙胺)PPh32
在氮气和搅拌下,将NaBH(OAc)3(1.5g,6.6mmol)添加到在1,2-二氯甲烷(25ml)中的2-(二苯基膦基)乙胺(1g,4.1mmol)和噻吩-2-甲醛(0.7g,4.1mmol)中。在室温下搅拌19h后,将混合物倾入浓NaHCO3并用乙酸乙酯萃取。将有机层用水和浓NaCl水溶液洗涤。将水相用乙酸乙酯再次萃取。将合并的有机层用MgSO4干燥、过滤并蒸发,得到1.7g黄色油状物,将其溶于乙酸乙酯并通过快速硅胶色谱法使用洗脱剂乙酸乙酯进行纯化。蒸发溶剂,得到SNP-配体N-(苯并[b]噻吩-2-基甲基)-2-(二苯基-膦基)乙胺(0.32g,21%)。分析数据:
1H-NMR(CDCl3,400MHz):δ7.79(d,1H),7.68(d,1H),7.4-7.45(4H),7.25-7.35(8H),7.05(s,1H),4.0(d,2H,CH2N),2.85(m,2H,NCH2CH2),2.3(m,2H,NCH2CH2),1.72(br.s.,1H,NH)ppm。13C-NMR(CDCl3,400MHz):δ145.1(s),139.8(s),139.7(s),138.4和138.3(2s),132.8和132.65(d),128.7和128,5(d),128.4(d),129.01(s,1C),124.1(d),123.8(d),123.1(d),122.4(d),121.2(d),48.8(t),45.85和45.65(t),29.1和28.95(t)ppm。31P-NMR(CDCl3,400MHz):-20.9ppm。MS(EI)(%)(m/z):375([M]+,23%),324(7%),318(18%),266(22%),200(15%),199(17%),186([HPPh2]+,100),185(10%),183(17%),162(15%),152(14%),147(48%),121(13%),108(30%)。
将在二氯甲烷(13ml)中的SNP-配体N-(苯并[b]噻吩-2-基甲基)-2-(二苯基膦基)乙胺(0.17g,0.45mmol)和RuCl2(PPh3)3(0.45g,0.45mmol)在回流和氮气下加热搅拌24h。在室温下添加己烷(60ml)。将沉淀物过滤、用己烷洗涤并在减压下干燥,得到配合物2(0.32g,88%),为粉红色粉末。分析数据:
1H-NMR(CD2Cl2,400MHz):δ6.9-7.8(30H),5.85(d),4.8(m),4.6(t),4.2(m),3.3-3.7,2.85(m),2.35(m),1.6(1H),6H,2.35-5.85ppm。31P-NMR(CD2Cl2,400MHz):δ57.2(d),43.1(d)。MS(EI,在MeOH中,HCO2H,%,m/z):784([M-Cl-HCl+HCO2H]+,100%),738([M-Cl-HCl]+,15%)。C41H37Cl2NP2RuS的分析计算值:C,60.82%;H,4.61%;N,1.73%。实测值:C,60.25%;H,4.53%;N,1.56%。
实施例3:RuCl2(2-(二苯基膦基)-N-(2-(甲基硫基)乙基)乙胺)PPh3 3
如在Synthesis 7,659(1987)中所公开的从(2,2-二甲氧基乙基)(甲基)硫烷制备甲基硫基乙醛。
在氮气和搅拌下,将NaBH(OAc)3(3g,13.3mmol)添加到在1,2-二氯甲烷(50ml)中的2-(二苯基膦基)-乙胺(2g,8.3mmol)和甲基硫基乙醛(0.85g,9.1mmol)中。在室温下搅拌18h后,将混合物倾入浓NaHCO3并用乙酸乙酯萃取。将有机层用水和浓NaCl水溶液洗涤。将合并的水层用乙酸乙酯再次萃取。将合并的有机层用MgSO4干燥、过滤并蒸发,得到2.83g淡黄色油状物,将其溶于乙酸乙酯并通过快速硅胶色谱法使用洗脱剂乙酸乙酯进行纯化。蒸发溶剂,得到SNP-配体2-(二苯基膦基)-N-(2-(甲基硫基)乙基)-乙胺(0.79g,31%)。分析数据:
1H-NMR(CD2Cl2,400MHz):δ7.4-7.45(4H,Ar),7.3-7.35(6H,Ar),2.7-2.8(4H),2.5-2.6(m,2H),2.2-2.3(m,2H),2.05(3H),1.7(br,1H,NH)ppm。13C-NMR(CD2Cl2,400MHz):δ138.8(s),132.7(d),128.4-128.8(2d),47.8(t),46.3和46.1(t),34.4(t),29.1和28.9(t),15.1(q,SMe)ppm。31P-NMR(CD2Cl2,200MHz):-20.7ppm。GSMS(EI)(%)(m/z):288([M-CH3]+,8%),256([M+O-MeSH]+,80%),242(8%),199(19%),185(100%),183(89%),152(11%),121(27%),108(20%),107(21%),91(11%),75(43%),61(14%)。
将在二氯甲烷(15ml)中的SNP-配体2-(二苯基膦基)-N-(2-(甲基硫基)乙基)乙胺(0.165g,0.54mmol)和RuCl2(PPh3)3(0.52g,0.54mmol)在回流和氮气下加热搅拌16h。在室温下添加己烷(60ml)。将沉淀物过滤、用己烷洗涤并在减压下干燥,得到配合物3(0.27g,86%),为淡绿色粉末。分析数据:
31P-NMR(CD2Cl2,400MHz):δ46.1和44.7(2d,30.5Hz,镜像异构体),46.6和44.4(2d,32.5Hz,少量异构体)。MS(EI,在MeOH中,HCO2H,%,m/z):776([M+O+Na]+,100%),735和737([M]+,15%),718([M-Cl+O]+,35%),702([M-Cl]+,55%)。C35H37Cl2NP2RuS的分析计算值:C,56.99%;H,5.06%;N,1.9%。实测值:C,55.59%;H,5.00%;N,2.17%。
实施例4:RuCl2(2-(二苯基膦基)-N-(2-(正丁基硫基)乙基)乙胺)PPh3 4
对于正丁基硫基乙醛的合成,参见N.A.Keiko等人,Arkivoc127-138(2011)。
在氮气和搅拌下,将NaBH(OAc)3(3g,13.3mmol)添加到在1,2-二氯甲烷(50ml)中的2-(二苯基膦基)-乙胺(2g,8.3mmol)和正丁基硫基乙醛(1.2g,9.1mmol)中。在室温下搅拌22h后,将混合物倾入浓NaHCO3并用DCE萃取。将有机层用浓NaCl水溶液洗涤。将水相用DCE再次萃取。将合并的有机层用MgSO4干燥、过滤并蒸发,得到3.15g淡黄色油状物,将其溶于乙酸乙酯并通过快速硅胶色谱法使用洗脱剂乙酸乙酯进行纯化。在第一个级分中,分离副产物2-(丁基硫基)-N-(2-(丁基硫基)乙基)-N-(2-(二苯基膦基)乙基)乙胺(0.72g,19%,在溶剂蒸发后)。分析数据:
1H-NMR(CD2Cl2,400MHz):δ7.4(4H,Ar),7.3(6H,Ar),2.7-2.6(6H),2.45-2.55(8H),2.2(2H),1.5-1.6(4H),1.35-1.45(4H),0.9(t,6H)ppm。13C-NMR(CD2Cl2,400MHz):δ138.8(s),132.65(d),130.55(d),128.55(d),53.9(t),50.2(t),32.0(t),29.8(t),25.7(t),22.0(t),13.5(q,Me)ppm。31P-NMR(CD2Cl2,200MHz):-20.0ppm。MS(EI)(m/z):404([M-C4H9]+),373(23%),372(90%),358(100%),288(6%),256(8%),186(9%),185(61%),183(25%),117(55%),61(16%)。57(11%)。IR(膜):3052(w),2954(m),2926(m),2870(m),1738(w),1586(w),1480(w),1457(m),1434(m),1377(w),1294(w),1192(m),1095(m),1069(w),1026(w),998(w),914(w),737(m),695(s)。
从第二级分蒸发溶剂,得到SNP-配体2-(二苯基膦基)-N-(2-(甲基硫基)乙基)乙胺(0.72g,25%)。分析数据:
1H-NMR(CD2Cl2,400MHz):δ7.4-7.45(4H,Ar),7.3-7.35(6H,Ar),2.7(4H),2.6(m,2H),2.5(2H),2.3(m,2H),1.6(br,1H,NH),1.5(m,2H),1.4(m,2H),0.9(t,3H)ppm。13C-NMR(CD2Cl2,400MHz):δ138.85(s),132.65(d),130.55(d),128.45(d),48.5(t),46.2(t),32.3(t),31.9(t),31.6(t),28.95(t),22.0(t),13.5(q,Me)ppm。31P-NMR(CD2Cl2,200MHz):-20.7ppm。MS(EI)(m/z):346([M+H]+,289(10%),288(55%),257(18%),256([M+O-BuSH]+,100%),242(20%),199(13%),186(18%),185(87%),183(31%),69(20%)。IR(膜):3051(w),2926(m),2871(w),1953(w),1886(w),1812(w),1737(w),1671(w),1585(w),1479(w),1456(m),1433(m),1376(w),1331(w),1272(w),1240(w),1184(w),1117(m),1068(w),998(w),737(m),694(s)。
将在二氯甲烷(15ml)中的SNP-配体2-(二苯基膦基)-N-(2-(正丁基硫基)乙基)乙胺(0.25g,0.7mmol)和RuCl2(PPh3)3(0.71g,0.7mmol)在回流和氮气下加热搅拌14h。在室温下添加己烷(100ml)。将沉淀物过滤、用己烷洗涤并在减压下干燥,得到配合物4(0.44g,78%),为橙色粉末。分析数据:
1H-NMR(400MHz,CD2Cl2):6.9-7.4(25H),4.5和4.7(1H),2.3-3.7(9H),1.55(2H),1.0-1.5(4H),0.8(t,3H)。31P-NMR(CD2Cl2,
400MHz):δ45.6和45.9(2d),44.7和44.8(2d)。MS(ESI(+),在MeOH中,HCO2H,%,m/z):754([M-Cl-HCl+HCO2H]+,100%,与计算的同位素簇(isotope cluster)相同),744([M-Cl]+,100%)。C38H43Cl2NP2RuS的分析计算值:C,58.53%;H,5.56%;N,1.80%。实测值:C,57.21%;H,5.44%;N,1.75%。IR(ATR):3162(w),3059(w),2947(w),2859(w),1585(w),1480(w),1454(w),1432(m),1303(w),1267(w),1187(w),1156(w),1138(w),1088(m),1067(w),1027(w),1006(w),983(m),914(w),865(w),799(w),751(w),740(m),737(m),691(s),657(m),619(m)。
实施例5:RuCl2(2-(二苯基膦基)-N-(2-(正辛基硫基)乙基)乙胺)PPh3 5
对于正辛基硫基乙醛的合成,参见N.A.Keiko等人,Arkivoc127-138(2011)。
在氩气和搅拌下,将NaBH(OAc)3(2.8g,12.5mmol)添加到在1,2-二氯甲烷(50ml)中的2-(二苯基膦基)-乙胺(1.9g,2.8mmol)和正辛基硫基乙醛(1.6g,8.6mmol)中。在室温下搅拌22h后,将混合物倾入浓NaHCO3并用DCE萃取。将有机层用浓NaCl水溶液洗涤。将水相用DCE再次萃取。将合并的有机层用MgSO4干燥、过滤并蒸发,得到3.6g淡黄色油状物,将其溶于乙酸乙酯并通过快速硅胶色谱法使用洗脱剂乙酸乙酯进行纯化,蒸发溶剂后得到0.64g(20%)配体,为无色油状物。分析数据:
1H-NMR(CD2Cl2,400MHz):δ7.4-7.5(4H,Ar),7.25-7.35(6H,Ar),2.8(4H),2.6(m,2H),2.5(m,2H),2.3(m,2H),1.8(br,1H,NH),1.5-1.6(m,2H),1.3-1.4(4H),1.25(6H),0.9(t,3H)ppm。13C-NMR(CD2Cl2,400MHz):δ138.35(s),132.7(d),128.6(d),128.4(d),48.4(t),46.25(t,CH2-P),32.3(t),32.0(t),31.8(t),29.8(t),29.2(t),29.1(t),29.0(t),28.9(t),22.7(t),14.1(q,Me)ppm。31P-NMR(CD2Cl2,200MHz):-20.6ppm。MS(EI)(m/z):400([M-H]+,1%),289(12%),288(57%),257(19%),256([M+O-OctSH]+,100%),242(19%),200(7%),199(8%),186(15%),185(56%),183(26%),121(7%)。
将在二氯甲烷(30ml)中的SNP-配体2-(二苯基膦基)-N-(2-(正辛基硫基)乙基)乙胺(0.5g,1.25mmol)和RuCl2(PPh3)3(0.86g,0.87mmol)在回流和氮气下加热搅拌24h。在室温、搅拌下缓慢添加己烷(100ml)。将橙色沉淀物过滤、用己烷(3×20ml)洗涤并在减压下干燥,得到粗配合物5(0.51g,71%),为橙色粉末,将其再次溶于二氯甲烷(30ml)并在搅拌下缓慢地用己烷(150ml)处理。将橙色沉淀物过滤、用己烷(3×20ml)洗涤并在减压下干燥,得到配合物5(0.3g,29%),为橙色粉末。
1H-NMR(400MHz,CD2Cl2):6.9-7.5(25H),4.55和4.8(1H),2.3-3.6(10H),1.0-1.6(12H),0.9(t,3H)。31P-NMR(CD2Cl2,400MHz):δ46.3,46.1,45.8,45.6和44.7,44.5,44.1,44.0。C42H51Cl2NP2RuS的分析计算值:C,60.35%;H,6.15%;N,1.68%。实测值(在第一次沉淀后):C,60.00%;H,6.31%;N,1.52%。实测值(在第二次沉淀后):C,60.24%;H,6.24%;N,1.83%。IR(ATR):3162(w),3054(w),2957(w),2921(w),2853(w),1481(w),1455(w),1432(m),1304(w),1188(w),1088(m),1072(w),1002(w),979(m),862(m),799(w),740(m),737(m),691(s),658(m)。
实施例6:二氯[(N-(2-(二苯基膦基)亚苄基)-2-(乙基硫基)乙胺)-(三苯基-膦)]-钌(II)6
在氩气下将2-(乙基硫基)乙胺(0.36g,3.44mmol)在THF中的(3ml)的溶液添加到2-(二苯基膦基)苯甲醛(1.00g,3.44mmol)在THF(10ml)中的溶液中。在72℃搅拌12h后,将反应混合物冷却至0℃,添加DCM(3ml)并将溶剂在真空下蒸发。得到SNP-配体N-(2-(二苯基膦基)亚苄基)-2-(乙基硫基)乙胺,为橙色固体(1.20g,92%)。分析数据:
1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):8.92(d,J=4.80,1H),8.00(m,1H),7.41(m,1H),7.38-7.28(m,11H),6.91(m,1H),3.70(dt,J=1.26,7.07,2H),2.62(t,J=7.33,2H),2.50(q,J=7.33,2H),1.23(t,J=7.33,3H)。13C-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):161.12,139.67,137.93,136.96,136.87,134.42,133.77,130.74,129.28,129.01,128.13,61.64,32.56,26.49,15.28。31P-NMR(500MHz,CDCl3):-13.55(s,1P)。GC/MS:377(6%,M+),348(54%,[M-29]+),288(100%),226(20%),208(14%),183(28%),165(14%),107(11%),89(34%),61(14%)。
在氩气下将二氯三(三苯基膦)钌(II)(1.52g,1.58mmol)添加到N-(2-(二苯基膦基)亚苄基)-2-(乙基硫基)乙胺(0.60g,1.58mmol)在甲苯(13ml)中的溶液中。在110℃搅拌19h后,将反应混合物冷却至室温并在真空下蒸发至体积为5ml。向这一红色悬浮液中添加DCM(20ml)。搅拌15min后,将悬浮液过滤并在真空下干燥。得到配合物6,为红色固体(0.88g,69%)。分析数据:
1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):8.80(d,J=8.84,1H),7.56-6.81(m,29H),6.35(m,2H),4.60(m,1H),4.20(m,1H),3.03(m,2H),2.29(m,1H),0.92(t,J=7.33,3H)。31P-NMR(500MHz,CDCl3):45.68(d,J=30.23,1P),29.60(d,J=30.23,1P)。MS(ESI):811.10(40%,M+),776.12(100%,[M-Cl]+)。C41H39Cl2NP2RuS的分析计算值:C,60.66%;H,4.84%;N,1.73%。实测值:C,60.85%;H,4.90%;N,1.64%。
实施例7:二氯[(N-(2-(二苯基膦基)苄基)-2-(乙基硫基)乙胺)(三苯基膦)]钌(II)7
在氩气下,将NaBH4(0.18g,4.75mmol)添加到N-(2-(二苯基-膦基)-亚苄基)-2-(乙基硫基)乙胺(0.60g,1.58mmol)在乙醇(6ml)中的溶液中。在78℃搅拌18h后,将反应混合物冷却至室温并添加水(18ml),随后添加饱和NH4Cl水溶液。将各相分离并将水相用DCM(3×10ml)萃取。将合并的有机相用MgSO4干燥、过滤并在真空下浓缩。得到SNP-配体N-(2-(二苯基膦基)苄基)-2-(乙基硫基)乙胺,为橙色液体(0.53g,88%)。分析数据:
1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):7.63(m,1H),7.50(m,1H),7.37-7.26(m,10H),7.19(dt,J=1.26,7.58,1H),6.91(m,1H),4.03(d,J=1.77,2H),2.73(t,J=6.82,2H),2.53(t,J=6.57,2H),2.48(q,J=7.33,2H),1.23(t,J=7.33,3H)。13C-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):137.07,136.21,134.36,134.14,132.37,129.55,129.43,129.15,128.97,127.78。31P-NMR(500MHz,CDCl3):-16.06(s,1P)。MS(EI):379.4(2%,M+),318.3(100%,[M-61.1]+),304.3(15%,[M-75.1]+),275.2(42%,[M-104.2]+)。
在氩气下将二氯三(三苯基膦)钌(II)(1.22g,1.27mmol)添加到N-(2-(二苯基膦基)苄基)-2-(乙基硫基)乙胺(0.48g,1.27mmol)在甲苯(17ml)中的溶液中。在110℃搅拌18h后,将反应混合物冷却至室温并在真空下蒸发至体积为5ml。向这一红色悬浮液添加乙醚(15ml)。在搅拌15min后,将悬浮液过滤并在真空下干燥。得到配合物7,为红色固体(0.39g,38%)。分析数据:
1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):7.73-7.15(m,22H),6.89(m,4H),6.63(m,1H),6.08(m,2H),4.49(m,1H),4.06(m,1H),3.59(m,1H),3.44(m,1H),3.08(m,3H),2.23(m,1H),1.72(m,1H),0.86(t,J=7.33,3H)。31P-NMR(500MHz,CDCl3):35.94(d,J=75.78,1P),34.74(d,J=76.05,1P)。MS(ESI):813.11(34%,M+),778.14(100%,[M-Cl]+)。C41H41Cl2NP2RuS的分析计算值:C,60.44%;H,5.26%;N,1.72%。实测值:C,60.48%;H,4.93%;N,1.59%。
实施例8:二氯[(N-(2-(二苯基膦基)苄基)-2-(乙基硫基)乙胺)(三苯基膦)]钌(II)8
在氩气下将2-(甲基硫基)苯甲醛(0.33g,2.18mmol)添加到2-(二苯基膦)乙胺(0.50g,2.18mmol)在甲醇(6ml)中的溶液中。在75℃搅拌42h后,将反应混合物冷却至室温并在真空下蒸发。得到SNP-配体2-(二苯基膦基)-N-(2-(甲基硫基)亚苄基)乙胺,为浅棕色固体(0.66g,84%)。分析数据:
1H-NMR(500MHz,CDCl3):8.74(s,1H),7.79(dd,J=1.58,7.88,1H),7.52-7.48(m,4H),7.39-7.32(m,8H),7.21(m,1H),3.80(m,2H),2.53(m,2H),2.48(s,3H)。13C-NMR(500MHz,CDCl3):159.37,138.34,134.24,132.88,132.74,130.78,130.66,128.59,128.49,128.44,128.25,127.28,125.50,58.58,29.99,16.90。31P-NMR(500MHz,CDCl3):-19.04(s,1P)。GC/MS:363(2%,M+),348(2%,[M-15]+),320(100%,[M-43]+),288(10%),214(12%),183(39%),121(20%),108(42%)。
在氩气下将二氯三(三苯基膦)钌(II)(0.53g,0.55mmol)添加到2-(二苯基膦基)-N-(2-(甲基硫基)亚苄基)乙胺(0.20g,0.55mmol)在甲苯(15ml)中的溶液中。在110℃搅拌20h后,将反应混合物冷却至室温并在真空下蒸发至体积为5ml。向这一红色悬浮液添加己烷(20ml)。在搅拌15min后,将悬浮液过滤并用己烷(4ml)洗涤。将红色滤饼在真空下干燥19h,然后悬浮在乙醚(6ml)中。将悬浮液过滤,用乙醚(4×4ml)洗涤并将滤饼在真空下干燥。得到配合物8,为浅红色固体(0.29g,67%)。分析数据:
1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):8.78(d,J=8.84,1H),8.33(m,1H),7.70(m,3H),7.54-7.06(m,25H),4.59(m,1H),4.53(m,1H),2.55(m,2H),1.83(d,J=2.53,3H)。31P-NMR(500MHz,CDCl3):40.62(d,J=32.27,1P),36.72(d,J=32.37,1P)。MS(ESI):797.18(62%,M+),762.12(100%,[M-Cl]+)。
实施例9:二氯[2-(二苯基膦基)-N-(2-(甲基硫基)苄基)乙胺]-钌(II)9
在氩气下将NaBH4(0.13g,3.47mmol)添加到2-(二苯基膦基)-N-(2-(甲基硫基)亚苄基)乙胺(0.42g,1.16mmol)在乙醇(7ml)中的溶液中。在80℃搅拌20h后,将反应混合物冷却至室温并添加DCM(10ml),随后添加饱和NH4Cl水溶液。将各相分离并将有机相用水洗涤2次并用盐水洗涤1次。将有机相用MgSO4干燥、过滤并在真空下浓缩。得到配体2-(二苯基膦基)-N-(2-(甲基硫基)苄基)乙胺,为黄色液体(0.36g,86%)。分析数据:
1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):7.76(m,1H),7.44(m,4H),7.34(m,6H),7.24(m,2H),7.12(m,1H),3.86(s,2H),2.81(m,2H),2.49(s,3H),2.34(m,2H),1.75(bs,1H)。13C-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):138.89,138.25,137.70,133.13,129.29,128.95,128.82,128.05,126.09,125.31,51.88,46.43,29.48,16.17。31P-NMR(500MHz,CDCl3):-20.60(s,1P)。GC/MS:350(16%,[M-15]+),318(40%),200(26%),183(32%),166(11%),152(19%),137(100%),121(33%),108(36%),91(25%),77(13%),45(28%)。
在氩气下将二氯三(三苯基膦)钌(II)(0.94g,0.99mmol)添加到2-(二苯基膦基)-N-(2-(甲基硫基)苄基)乙胺(0.36g,0.99mmol)在甲苯(20ml)中的溶液中。在110℃搅拌19h后,将反应混合物冷却至室温并在真空下蒸发至体积为5ml。向这一悬浮液中添加己烷(20ml)。在搅拌15min后,将悬浮液过滤并用己烷(4ml)和乙醚(2×4ml)洗涤。将浅棕色滤饼在真空下干燥19h,然后悬浮在乙醚(5ml)中。在搅拌15min后,将悬浮液过滤、用乙醚(3×1ml)洗涤,并将滤饼在真空下干燥。得到配合物9,为浅棕色固体(0.76g,96%)。分析数据:
1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):7.80(m,6H),7.69(m,1H),7.47(m,3H),7.31-7.01(m,17H),6.88(dt,J=2.02,7.58,1H),7.18(d,J=7.33,1H),5.48(bs,1H),5.23(d,J=12.63,1H),4.11(m,1H),3.89(m,1H),3.00(m,1H),2.07(m,1H),1.12(m,1H),1.08(s,3H)。31P-NMR(500MHz,CDCl3):49.83(d,J=27.74,1P),37.96(d,J=27.74,1P)。C40H39Cl2NP2RuS的分析计算值:C,60.07%;H,4.92%;N,1.75%。实测值:C,60.36%;H,4.79%;N,1.47%。
实施例10:RuCl2(2-(二苯基膦基)-N-(2-(正丁氧基)乙基)乙胺)PPh3 10
在氮气、搅拌和冷却下,在30min内将在矿物油(6.5g,162mmol)中的NaH 60%逐滴添加到在干燥THF(70ml)中的丁醇(10g,135mmol)中。在室温下1h后,在轻微冷却下逐滴添加在THF(20ml)中的2-溴-1,1-二甲氧基乙烷(23.5g,135mmol)。将混合物在回流下(67℃)加热44h并(在完全转化后)冷却至室温,并倾入水(200ml)。用二氯甲烷(2×200ml)萃取,用水(200ml)洗涤合并的有机层,用MgSO4干燥、过滤并蒸发溶剂,得到15.6g(71%)1-(2,2-二甲氧基乙氧基)-丁烷,为含有一些(15%)正丁醇的无色液体。分析数据:
1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):4.5(t,1H),3.45-4.5(2m,4H),3.4(s,6H),1.5-1.6(m,2H),1.4(m,2H),0.9(t,3H)ppm。13C-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):102.7(d),71.5(t,OCH2),70.4(t,OCH2),53.8(q,OMe),32.6(t),19.2(t),13.8(q)ppm。GCMS:131(0.5%,[M-OMe]+),75(100%,[正丁基-O-CH2]+),57(8%,[正丁基]+),45(28%)。
将溶于水(70ml)的pTSA一水合物(8.8g,46mmol)添加到在DCM(50ml)中的1-(2,2-二甲氧基乙氧基)-丁烷(5g,31mmol)中。将混合物在45℃搅拌46h。在相分离并用DCM(50ml)萃取水相后,将合并的有机层用浓NaCO3(25ml)和浓NaCl(2×25ml)洗涤,用MgSO4干燥,过滤并在500mbar/40℃下蒸发。将残余物(3.25)用丁基羟基甲苯(20mg)处理并在80-100℃/50mbar下进行瓶-对-瓶蒸馏(bulb-to-bulb-distilled),得到0.9g(24%)2-丁氧基乙醛,纯度80%。这一级分的分析数据与H.C.Arndt,S.A.Caroll,Synthesis,202,1979中所报道的这一化合物的分析数据相同,将所述化合物直接用于下一步。
在氮气和搅拌下将在1,2-二氯甲烷(50ml)中的2-丁氧基乙醛(0.53g,4.56mmol)添加到2-(二苯基膦基)-乙胺(1.92g,8.0mmol)中。在添加NaBH(OAc)3(1.5g,6.6mmol)并在室温搅拌22h后,将混合物倾入浓NaHCO3(100ml),分离各相并将水相用1,2-二氯甲烷(50ml)萃取。将有机层用浓NaCl水溶液(50ml)洗涤。将水层用1,2-二氯甲烷(100ml)再次萃取。将合并的有机层用MgSO4干燥、过滤并蒸发,得到1.25g淡黄色油状物,将其溶于乙酸乙酯并通过快速硅胶色谱法使用洗脱剂乙酸乙酯进行纯化。蒸发溶剂,得到SNP-配体2-丁氧基-N-(2-(二苯基膦基)乙基)乙胺(0.5g,37%)。分析数据:
1H-NMR(CD2Cl2,400MHz):δ7.4-7.45(4H,Ar),7.3(6H,Ar),3.5(t,2H),3.4(t,2H),2.7-2.8(4H),2.3(m,2H),1.6-1.7(br,1H,NH),1.5-1.6(m,2H),1.3-1.4(m,2H),0.9(t,3H)ppm。13C-NMR(CD2Cl2,400MHz):δ138.5和138.4(s),132.8和132.6(d),128.6(d),128.5和128.4(d),71.0(t),70.0(t),49.2(t),46.8和46.6(t),31.8(t),29.15和29.0(t),19.3(t),13.95(q,Me)ppm。31P-NMR(CD2Cl2,200MHz):-20.4ppm。GSMS(EI)(m/z):328([M-H]+,1%),286(1%),272(2%),257(9%),255(12%),242(33%),229(14%),227(32%),201(28%),200(71%),199(51%),186(60%),185(93%),184(11%),183(100%),152(12%),130(12%),121(33%),109(12%),108(43%),107(24%),91(18%),74(15%),58(88%),57(44%),56(52%),41(43%),29(28%)。
将在二氯甲烷(30ml)中的ONP-配体2-(二苯基膦基)-N-(2-(正丁氧基)乙基)乙胺(0.5g,1.5mmol)和RuCl2(PPh3)3(1.05g,1.1mmol)在回流、氮气和搅拌下加热8h。在室温下将己烷(150ml)添加到棕色溶液中。将暗红色沉淀过滤、用己烷(3×20ml)洗涤并在减压下干燥,得到配合物10(0.65g,56%),为暗红色粉末。配合物10的分析数据:
1H-NMR(400MHz,CD2Cl2):7.4-7.5(5H),7.0-7.3(20H),5.1-5.2(1H),4.0-4.1(1H),3.9(1H),3.2-3.6(4H),2.6-2.9(3H),1.55(1H),1.2-1.4(3H),0.75-0.9(2H),0.7(3H),0.0(3H)。31P-NMR(CD2Cl2,400MHz):δ61.0和60.8(d),45.9和45.7(d)。MS(ESI(+),m/z,%):728([M-Cl]+,100%,与计算的同位素簇相同)。IR(ATR):3162(w),3059(w),3056(w),2946(w),2909(w),2866(w),1480(w),1432(m),1189(w),1091(m),1069(w),1019(m),921(w),833(w),806(w),739(m),691(s),655(m),618(w)。C38H43Cl2NP2RuO的分析计算值:C,59.77%;H,5.68%;N,1.83%。实测值:C,59.74%;H,5.66%;N,1.73%。
实施例11:使用RuCl2(2-(二苯基膦基)-N-(噻吩-2-基甲基)乙胺)PPh3 1催化氢化苯甲酸乙酯
在氩气下将催化剂1(1.5mg,2μmol)和苯甲酸乙酯(0.6g,4mmol)溶于甲苯(10ml)并置于120ml Premex高压釜中。在添加甲基钠(22mg,0.4mmol)后,用氢气替换氩气气氛并将混合物在100℃、50bar氢气下搅拌加热16h。将压力释放并将混合物在室温下用2%H3PO4(30ml)处理。用叔丁基甲基醚(50ml)进行萃取。GCMS-分析揭示定量转化为苄基醇,纯度99%。
实施例12:用0.05%RuCl2(2-(二苯基膦基)-N-(噻吩-2-基甲基)乙胺)PPh3 1催化氢化香紫苏内酯
将商购的(+)-(3aR,5aS,9aS,9bR)-香紫苏内酯(CAS 564-20-5)用作底物。
在氩气下将催化剂1(1.5mg,2μmol)和香紫苏内酯(1g,4mmol)溶于甲苯(10ml)并置于120ml Premex高压釜中。在添加甲基钠(22mg,0.4mmol)后,用氢气替换氩气气氛并将混合物在100℃、50bar氢气下搅拌加热16h。后处理后得到1g香紫苏二醇(99.5%),根据GCMS和NMR分析,纯度为100%。(1R,2R,4aS,8aS)-香紫苏二醇的分析数据与文献例如J.H.George等人,Org.Lett.14,4710(2012)中所公开的这一化合物(CAS 38419-75-9)的分析数据相一致。
在下表中公开了这一转化的一些变体:
表1:上述(实施例12)的一般条件。a)底物/溶剂用量。b)催化剂负载/底物,以mol%或mol-ppm为单位。c)底物香紫苏内酯(CAS 564-20-5)。d)如从粗产物中检测到的转化率推导的转换数。
实施例13:用在THF中的Ru(II)-催化剂和碱KOMe催化氢化香紫苏内酯
将在超声下在THF(5ml)中溶解5-10min的催化剂3(1.9mg,2.6μmol)在氩气下添加到在Premex高压釜内的THF(58ml)中的香紫苏内酯(26g,104mmol)中。添加KOMe(0.72g,10.4mmol)后,将氩气气氛替换为氢气并将混合物在100℃、50bar氢气下搅拌加热22h。冷却至室温后,将压力释放并将反应混合物在搅拌下倾入2%H3PO4水溶液中。用叔丁基甲基醚(2×50ml)萃取,将合并的有机相用水(50ml)洗涤、用MgSO4干燥、过滤并蒸发溶剂,得到26.4g白色固体,根据GC和NMR,所述固体由香紫苏二醇(94%),降龙涎香醚(2%)和香紫苏内酯(3%)组成。
在下表中公开了这一转化的一些变体:
表2:上述(实施例13)的一般条件。a)底物/溶剂用量。b)催化剂负载/底物,以mol%为单位。c)底物香紫苏内酯(CAS 564-20-5)。d)如从粗产物中检测到的转化率推导的转换数。e)4mol%KOMe而不是10mol%。
实施例14:用Ru(II)-催化剂4和碱NaH或KH催化氢化香紫苏内酯:
将在超声下在甲苯(20ml)中溶解5-10min的催化剂4(2mg,2.6μmol)在氩气下添加到在Premex高压釜内的甲苯(43ml)中的香紫苏内酯(26g,104mmol)中。添加在石蜡油(1.2g,10.4mmol)中的氢化钾35%后,将氩气气氛替换为氢气并将混合物在105℃、50bar氢气下搅拌加热7h。冷却至室温后,将压力释放并将反应混合物在搅拌下倾入2%H3PO4水溶液(30ml)中。用叔丁基甲基醚和乙酸乙酯萃取、用MgSO4干燥、过滤并蒸发溶剂,得到27.2g白色固体,根据GC,所述固体由香紫苏二醇(94%),降龙涎香醚(5%)和香紫苏内酯(1%)组成。
在其他相同条件和比例下使用在石蜡油中的氢化钠60%和溶剂THF的相同方法,得到26.5g白色固体,根据GC,所述固体由香紫苏二醇(95%),降龙涎香醚(3%)和香紫苏内酯(2%)组成。
实施例15:催化氢化α,β-不饱和酯11:
将在THF(30ml)中的商购的(E)-3-(4-异丁基苯基)丙烯酸乙酯11(3g,12.4mmol),催化剂4(9.7mg,12μmol)和KOMe(92mg,1.24mmol)在105℃、氢气(50bar)和搅拌下在Parr-高压釜中氢化16h。冷却至室温后,将压力释放并将反应混合物在搅拌下倾入2%H3PO4水溶液(10ml)中。用叔丁基甲基醚(20ml)萃取后,将有机层用盐水(20ml)洗涤。用MgSO4干燥、过滤、蒸发溶剂并在120-140℃/0.05mbar下瓶对瓶蒸馏后,得到2.6g(91%)3-(4-异丁基苯基)丙-1-醇12,为无色油状物,GC-纯度为97-100%。分析数据:
1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):7.0-7.1(4H),3.6(t,2H),2.65(t,2H),2.4(d,2H),1.85-1.9(3H),1.7(br,OH,1H),0.9(d,6H)ppm。13C-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):139.2(s),139.0(s),129.2(d),128.1(d),62.4(t),45.1(t),34.3(t),31.7(t),30.3(d),22.4(q)ppm。GCMS:192(27%,[M]+),174(4%,[M-H2O]+),149(83%),132(14%),131(100%),117(24%),116(12%),115(15%),105(26%),104(12%),91(32%)。IR(膜):3326(br),3009(w),2951(s),2925(m),2867(m),1512(m),1465(m),1418(m),1383(m),1366(m),1166(w),1116(w),1058(m),1039(s),1021(w),915(w),846(m),810(w),791(m),695(s)。
在相同条件下使用0.01%催化剂4(1mg,1.24μmol)的相同反应,得到饱和酯15(2.91g),为黄色油状物,含有82%饱和酯和18%3-(4-异丁基苯基)丙-1-醇12。15的分析数据:
1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):7.0-7.1(4H),4.2(q,1H),2.9(t,2H),2.6(t,2H),2.4(d,2H),1.8-1.9(1H),1.2(t,3H),0.9(d,6H)ppm。13C-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):173.1(s,C=O),139.6(s),137.8(s),129.2(d),128.0(d),60.4(t),45.0(t),36.1(t),30.25(t),30.24(d),22.4(2C,q),14.2(q)ppm。GCMS:234(10%,[M]+),191(26%),160(33%),147(11%),118(18%),117(100%),104(14%),91(12%)。
实施例16:催化氢化不饱和酯13:
对于十二碳-9-烯酸甲酯13的合成,参见例如K.Takai,Organic Reactions 64,253页,488(2004)。
在80℃和搅拌下,将十二碳-9-烯酸甲酯13E/Z84:16(30g,141mmol)、KOMe(1.05g,14.11mmol)和催化剂4(11mg,14μmol)的混合物氢化(50bar)21h。冷却至室温后,将压力释放并将反应混合物在搅拌下倾入2%H3PO4水溶液(30ml)中。用叔丁基甲基醚萃取后,将有机层用盐水(20ml)洗涤。用MgSO4干燥、过滤、蒸发溶剂,得到27g淡黄色油状物,将其在62-72℃/0.05mbar通过蒸馏纯化,得到21.5g(83%,corr)十二碳-9-烯-1-醇14,纯度为93-98%,E/Z比为85/15。异构体的分析数据与得自文献的(H.J.Bestmann等人,Chem.Ber.113,1115,1980以及其中的参考文献)异构体的数据是相同的。
实施例17:略微改进的用于合成催化剂RuCl2(2-(二苯基膦基)-N-(2-(甲基硫基)乙基)乙胺)PPh33的方法,具有正确的元素分析
如在Synthesis 7,659(1987)中所公开的,由(2,2-二甲氧基乙基)(甲基)硫烷制备甲基硫基乙醛。
在氮气和搅拌下,NaBH(OAc)3(2.85g,12.75mmol)添加到在1,2-二氯甲烷(50ml)中的2-(二苯基膦基)-乙胺(1.92g,8.0mmol)和甲基硫基乙醛(0.82g,8.75mmol)中。在室温下搅拌22h后,将混合物倾入浓NaHCO3(50ml)中并用1,2-二氯甲烷(50ml)萃取。将有机层用浓NaCl水溶液(50ml)洗涤。将合并的有机层用1,2-二氯乙烷再次萃取。将合并的有机层用MgSO4干燥、过滤并蒸发,得到2.83g淡黄色油状物,将其溶于乙酸乙酯并通过快速硅胶色谱法使用洗脱剂乙酸乙酯进行纯化。蒸发溶剂,得到SNP-配体2-(二苯基膦基)-N-(2-(甲基硫基)乙基)-乙胺(1.2g,45%)。分析数据:
1H-NMR(CD2Cl2,400MHz):δ7.4-7.45(4H,Ar),7.3-7.35(6H,Ar),2.7-2.8(4H),2.5-2.6(m,2H),2.2-2.3(m,2H),2.05(3H),1.7(br,1H,NH)ppm。13C-NMR(CD2Cl2,400MHz):δ138.8(s),132.7(d),128.4-128.8(2d),47.8(t),46.3和46.1(t),34.4(t),29.1和28.9(t),15.1(q,SMe)ppm。31P-NMR(CD2Cl2,200MHz):-20.7ppm。GSMS(EI)(%)(m/z):288([M-CH3]+,8%),256([M+O-MeSH]+,80%),242(8%),199(19%),185(100%),183(89%),152(11%),121(27%),108(20%),107(21%),91(11%),75(43%),61(14%)。
在回流、搅拌和氮气下将在二氯甲烷(30ml)中的SNP-配体2-(二苯基膦基)-N-(2-(甲基硫基)乙基)乙胺(0.5g,1.65mmol)和RuCl2(PPh3)3(1.15g,1.15mmol)加热22h。在室温下、搅拌下将己烷(150ml)缓慢添加到橙色悬浮液中。将沉淀物过滤、用己烷(20ml)洗涤并在高真空下干燥,得到配合物3(0.79g,93%),为橙色固体。分析数据:
31P-NMR(CD2Cl2,400MHz):δ46.1和44.7(2d,30.5Hz,镜像异构体),46.6和44.4(2d,32.5Hz,少量异构体)。MS(EI,在MeOH中,HCO2H,%,m/z):742(100%),702([M-Cl]+,82%)。IR(ATR):3162(w),3047(w),2914(w),2857(w),1480(w),1454(w),1431(m),1299(w),1184(w),1086(m),1012(w),979(w),958(w),864(w),801(w),740(m),691(s),658(m),619(w)。C35H37Cl2NP2RuS的分析计算值:C,56.99%;H,5.06%;N,1.9%。实测值:C,56.81%;H,5.20%;N,1.98%。
实施例18:略微改进的用于合成催化剂RuCl2(2-(二苯基膦基)-N-(2-(正丁基硫基)乙基)乙胺)PPh3 4的方法,具有正确的元素分析
对于正丁基硫基乙醛的合成,参见N.A.Keiko等人,Arkivoc127-138(2011)。
在氮气和搅拌下,将NaBH(OAc)3(3g,13.3mmol)添加到在1,2-二氯甲烷(50ml)中的2-(二苯基膦基)-乙胺(2g,8.3mmol)和正丁基硫基乙醛(1.2g,9.1mmol)中。在室温下搅拌22h后,将混合物倾入浓NaHCO3并用DCE萃取。将有机层用浓NaCl水溶液洗涤。将水相用DCE再次萃取。将合并的有机层用MgSO4干燥、过滤并蒸发,得到3.15g淡黄色油状物,将其溶于乙酸乙酯并通过快速硅胶色谱法使用洗脱剂乙酸乙酯进行纯化。在第一个级分中,分离副产物2-(丁基硫基)-N-(2-(丁基硫基)乙基)-N-(2-(二苯基膦基)乙基)乙胺(0.72g,19%,溶剂蒸发后)。分析数据:
1H-NMR(CD2Cl2,400MHz):δ7.4(4H,Ar),7.3(6H,Ar),2.7-2.6(6H),2.45-2.55(8H),2.2(2H),1.5-1.6(4H),1.35-1.45(4H),0.9(t,6H)ppm。13C-NMR(CD2Cl2,400MHz):δ138.8(s),132.65(d),130.55(d),128.55(d),53.9(t),50.2(t),32.0(t),29.8(t),25.7(t),22.0(t),13.5(q,Me)ppm。31P-NMR(CD2Cl2,200MHz):-20.0ppm。MS(EI)(m/z):404([M-C4H9]+),373(23%),372(90%),358(100%),288(6%),256(8%),186(9%),185(61%),183(25%),117(55%),61(16%)。57(11%)。IR(膜):3052(w),2954(m),2926(m),2870(m),1738(w),1586(w),1480(w),1457(m),1434(m),1377(w),1294(w),1192(m),1095(m),1069(w),1026(w),998(w),914(w),737(m),695(s)。
从第二级分蒸发溶剂,得到SNP-配体2-(二苯基膦基)-N-(2-(甲基硫基)乙基)乙胺(0.77g,27%)。分析数据:
1H-NMR(CD2Cl2,400MHz):δ7.4-7.45(4H,Ar),7.3-7.35(6H,Ar),2.7(4H),2.6(m,2H),2.5(2H),2.3(m,2H),1.6(br,1H,NH),1.5(m,2H),1.4(m,2H),0.9(t,3H)ppm。13C-NMR(CD2Cl2,400MHz):δ138.85(s),132.65(d),130.55(d),128.45(d),48.5(t),46.2(t),32.3(t),31.9(t),31.6(t),28.95(t),22.0(t),13.5(q,Me)ppm。31P-NMR(CD2Cl2,200MHz):-20.7ppm。MS(EI)(m/z):346([M+H]+,289(10%),288(55%),257(18%),256([M+O-BuSH]+,100%),242(20%),199(13%),186(18%),185(87%),183(31%),69(20%)。IR(膜):3051(w),2926(m),2871(w),1953(w),1886(w),1812(w),1737(w),1671(w),1585(w),1479(w),1456(m),1433(m),1376(w),1331(w),1272(w),1240(w),1184(w),1117(m),1068(w),998(w),737(m),694(s)。
将在二氯甲烷(15ml)中的SNP-配体2-(二苯基膦基)-N-(2-(正丁基硫基)乙基)乙胺(0.25g,0.7mmol)和RuCl2(PPh3)3(0.5g,0.5mmol)在回流和氮气下搅拌加热24h。在室温下添加己烷(100ml)。将沉淀物过滤、用己烷(3×20ml)洗涤并在减压下干燥,得到配合物4(0.35g,88%),为橙色粉末。分析数据:
1H-NMR(400MHz,CD2Cl2):6.9-7.4(25H),4.5和4.7(1H),2.3-3.7(9H),1.55(2H),1.0-1.5(4H),0.8(t,3H)。31P-NMR(CD2Cl2,400MHz):δ45.6和45.9(2d),44.7和44.8(2d)。MS(ESI(+),在MeOH中,HCO2H,%,m/z):754([M-Cl-HCl+HCO2H]+,100%,与计算的同位素簇相同),744([M-Cl]+,100%)。IR(ATR):3162(w),3059(w),2947(w),2859(w),1585(w),1480(w),1454(w),1432(m),1303(w),1267(w),1187(w),1156(w),1138(w),1088(m),1067(w),1027(w),1006(w),983(m),914(w),865(w),799(w),751(w),740(m),737(m),691(s),657(m),619(m)。C38H43Cl2NP2RuS的分析计算值:C,58.53%;H,5.56%;N,1.80%。实测值:C,58.24%;H,5.54%;N,1.71%。
Claims (10)
1.在根据以下通式的过渡金属配合物存在下氢化含有碳杂原子双键的官能团的方法,
MX2[SNP]Y
其中M是钌或锇,且SNP表示含有氮、硫和磷原子的三齿或二齿配体,其中至少所述N-和P-原子与所述过渡金属配位并且任选地所述S-原子也与所述过渡金属配位,每个X独立地选自卤化物、羟基、烷氧基、酰氧基或酰氨基;且每个Y独立地选自膦或一氧化碳(CO)配体、亚硝酰基或RCN基,其中R是烷基或芳基,
其中所述三齿或二齿配体由选自下组的式子表示,
其中
R1选自H或C1-C20烷基或芳基,
R8和R9独立地选自C1-C20烷基或苯基,
n是0或1,
当n是1时,N是碳-氮单键,且当n是0时,N是碳-氮双键,
R10是选自C1-C10烷基、芳基、杂芳基、烯基、腈和卤化物的基团;或R10是二价基团,其与杂芳族环中的两个碳原子连接并与这些碳原子一起形成C5-C7环,且
m是0、1、2或3。
2.权利要求1的方法,其中所述过渡金属配合物选自下式的配合物,其中S-原子任选地与金属原子配位,
3.权利要求1-2任一项的方法,其中被氢化的官能团选自酯、酮、醛、酰胺和亚胺。
4.权利要求3的方法,其中被氢化的官能团选自内酯和内酰胺。
5.权利要求1-2任一项的方法,其中带有含有碳杂原子双键的官能团的底物是香紫苏内酯,且氢化产物是香紫苏二醇。
6.制备降龙涎香醚的方法,包括以下步骤:
i)根据权利要求1-5任一项氢化底物香紫苏内酯,形成香紫苏二醇,和
ii)环化香紫苏二醇,形成降龙涎香醚
7.根据如下通式的过渡金属配合物,
MX2[SNP]Y
其中M是钌或锇,且SNP表示含有氮、硫和磷原子的三齿或二齿配体,其中至少所述N-和P-原子与所述过渡金属配位并且任选地所述S-原子也与所述过渡金属配位,每个X独立地选自卤化物、羟基、烷氧基、酰氧基或酰氨基;且每个Y独立地选自单齿膦或一氧化碳(CO)配体、亚硝酰基或RCN基,其中R是烷基或芳基,
其中所述三齿或二齿配体由选自下组的式子表示,
其中
R1选自H或C1-C20烷基或芳基,
R8和R9独立地选自C1-C20烷基或苯基,
n是0或1,
当n是1时,N是碳-氮单键,且当n是0时,N是碳-氮双键,
R10是选自C1-C10烷基、芳基、杂芳基、烯基、腈和卤化物的基团;或R10是二价基团,其与杂芳族环中的两个碳原子连接并与这些碳原子一起形成C5-C7环,且
m是0、1、2或3。
8.权利要求7的配合物,其中所述过渡金属配合物选自下式的配合物,其中S-原子任选地与金属原子配位,
9.由选自下组的式子表示的三齿或二齿配体,
其中
R1选自H或C1-C20烷基或芳基,
R8和R9独立地选自C1-C20烷基或苯基,
n是0或1,
当n是1时,N是碳-氮单键,且当n是0时,N是碳-氮双键,
R10是选自C1-C10烷基、芳基、杂芳基、烯基、腈和卤化物的基团;或R10是二价基团,其与杂芳族环中的两个碳原子连接并与这些碳原子一起形成C5-C7环,且
m是0、1、2或3。
10.权利要求9的三齿或二齿配体,由选自下组的式子表示
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US11413610B2 (en) | 2018-01-10 | 2022-08-16 | Basf Se | Use of a transition metal catalyst comprising a tetradentate ligand for hydrogenation of esters and/or formation of esters, a process for hydrogenation of esters, a process for formation of esters and a transition metal complex comprising said tetradentate ligand |
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