CN106410429B - 在电气线路端部制作有效电接触点的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种在电导体端部制作有效的电接触点的方法,其中该电导体具有由铝或铝合金构成的绞合导线。在端部导体以垂直方向布置,起初将保持件放置在导体周围,以便暴露导体的前侧并且从顶端可接近该点。导体该店之后位于轴线方向,在前表面温度为2000℃或更高的热源加热该表面。环绕氧化层材料的单独导线的材料被熔化或被蒸发掉直到包括同样环绕氧化层的导体的所有导线形成单件结合的铝制接触部分。之后接触部分连同导体的端部一起冷却。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种在电气线路端部制作有效电接触点的方法,其包括铝或铝合金。
背景技术
例如,在专利文献EP2735397A1中基本描述了这种方法。
由根据本发明的方法加工的导体包括铝或铝合金。为简单起见,在下文中仅提及铝,然而,它也表示铝合金。特别地,术语“绞合(stranding)”表示“捻”的概念,但通常也具有“扭”或“保持在一起”的含义。
由于重量和费用的原因,铝导体越来越多地用作铜导体的替代物。例如,使用这些导体的主要领域是在车辆和飞机技术。与铜相反,铝的低电导率在大多数的使用中并不重要。由于铝导体覆有较差的导电氧化层,因此在将接触点连接至导体时会出现问题。在存在数个单独的股(又称为股导体(strand conductor))的情形下,该缺点变得尤其明显,在不进行特殊处理的情况下,其中每个被不可避免的氧化层包围着。该问题长期以来已为人所熟知,在许多出版物中都有描述。特别地,它们涉及一工艺,利用该工艺,氧化层可破裂和/或被添加剂取代,以对于所有导线使得股导体与电流链接成为可能。氧化物作为有害部分残留在导体端部。下面5篇文献作为示例被提及。
在专利文献DE10223397B4中披露了一种方法,其中接触元件建立良好的电连接,其连接于包括铝导线的股导体。此外,起初将镀锡的金属衬套推到股导体端部的内侧。然后在它们的前侧,通过保护气体焊或超声的方式对单独的导线镀或焊锡。从而,破坏股导体周围的氧化层。因此,在股导体的端部上形成覆盖型的镀或焊锡。最后,推进接触元件并将其与股导体的端部按压在一起。所述覆盖型镀或焊锡被按压排除。
专利文献DE10346160B3描述了一种用于接触完成为铝制导体的股导体的方法,其中在铝制导体的端部内侧推入一例如铜构成的镀锡接触端子。通过超声镀锡或通过已知的金属焊接方法将完成的管形接触端子置于铝制导体的前端。
在根据专利文献DE10357048A1的方法中,接触器件的供应置于铝制股导体的端部上,并至少加热高达其熔融温度。使用该接触器件以创建股导体与罐形接触元件(该接触元件可以是同时、或额外添加或后来形成的)之间的电接触的材料连接。可以将股绞合导体浸入到锡槽中以涂覆接触器件。同时,股导体的一部分形成可以在锡槽中分离或切断的分离或切断面。利用应变释放张力将接触元件按压在股导体的周围。
专利文献DE102011018353A1描述了一种将接触部件连接至铝制股导体的方法。在股导体的端部设置保护衬套并将两者按压在一起。随后,例如通过旋转焊将旋转对称的接触部件焊接于股导体的前侧。如此,在接触部件与股导体之间形成金属间的连接。
专利文献DE102011089207A1描述了将具有例如单独的铝制导线的股导体与例如铜制接触部件相接触的方法。单独的导线暴露在股导体的截面中,将这些单独的导线压缩并焊接在一起。对于两种焊接工艺,例如可以采用超声焊接法。即使通过超声波来破坏氧化层,但围绕着股导体的铝制单独导线的部分氧化层依然残留在原位置。
在专利文献DE2325294A中创建了一种在至少一个金属电导体处制造接触端部的方法。在该方法的第一实施例中,描述了用于处理电导体的装置,其中导体的垂直布置点与露出的端部下方安装在一起。提供导体的该装置是因为通过加热的熔融金属,垂直导体部件的表面张力增大,形成了梨形的小的块状体。通过成型可以使该小的块状体形成为不同的接触元件。在该方法的第二实施例中,具有上部面向端部的一对导体布置在夹具中。通过使用电弧使导体端部熔融,以便熔融的金属能够从暴露的端部向下流动并被收集到夹具内的中空部分中。影响熔融体的表面张力与中空的形式共同作用,以便使熔融体形成圆形对称配置。
如上所述,专利文献EP2735397A1描述了一种将铜基接触部分与由数个单独的铝制导线构成的电导体导电连接的方法。一罐形接触部分具有从该部分突出的单一的圆柱形衬套。在导体上推动该衬套直到导体的前表面位于接触部分的底部,并将该衬套被紧固地安装于此。之后,在接触部分的外部,例如在其底部区域中附接有旋转的连续压力工具,通过摩擦提升导体材料的温度直到其软化并与将其扩散焊接至接触部分。
发明内容
本发明基于这样的目的:布置上述方法以产生接触点,其中导体的导线的电传导材料被限制在一紧凑的单元中。
该目的通过权利要求1的所有特征的总体来满足。
利用该方法,导体的点在其前侧通过热源被如此高的升温或加热,直到包括混绕氧化层的导体的点上的所有导线熔化,其导线通过周围的保持件紧固地保持在一起。从而,熔融的铝粘合成一连续体,接触部分全部由铝构成,并与导体的所有导线的铝结合在一起。在高温的作用下单独的导线的氧化层材料熔融消失,以便铝制接触部分上没有残留。冷却之后,在导体的点处形成了工作的电接触点,紧凑均匀的铝制接触元件保留下来。这样可以以简单的方式来制造与例如由铜构成的接触元件的导电连接,其中,确定的是,导体的整个导电的横截面都能被检测到。
有利地,进行该方法,以便导体的点在保持件之外突出。然后热源可简单地引向导体的前侧。在这种情形下,导体在其周围表面上的任何额外的覆盖都是不需要的。
在该方法的第二优选实施例中,导体被如此紧固地放置在保持件中,以便导体的前表面与保持件的相应边缘位于同一水平。导体没有突出超过保持件。
相应地,在该方法的第三优选实施例中,保持件可以放置在导体的点上,以便其从导体上突出。然后保持件以一中空空间围绕导体的尖端,并且保持件以模具的方式提供限定功能,以通过热源制造接触部分。
例如,热源可以是等离子光发生器、激光束、电子束、WIG(钨-惰性气体)电源或MSG(金属保护气体)电源,例如,这些热源可以产生2000℃以及更高的温度,通过这些热源可以半蒸发掉导体的氧化层。这里提及的不同的热源能够具有高达3500℃的温度。因此导体的点处的升温时间例如只需要2秒就已足够。
对于Wig方法,升温或加热时间在2至6秒之间。采用激光束焊接和电子束焊接的焊接时间可以小于2秒。因此必须选定激光输出,并优选配备扫描系统。有利地,可以用保护气体覆盖的方式来进行该熔融工艺。
例如,有利地,使用两个已有的夹紧元件来构成保持件,这两个夹紧元件在完成夹紧时紧固地围绕着导体的端部。优选地,夹紧元件由铜构成。具有适当尺寸的夹紧元件还可以额外地用于从下方和后部保护位于与热源的热量相对的部件,例如导体周围的绝缘件。
有利地,进行该方法,以使垂直方向的导体被紧固地置于保持件中。由于导体点的加热时间非常短,因此可以水平或成一角度地布置导体。从而,熔融的铝不会滴落到导体的点处。
该方法(包含冷却)完成之后,用接触部件,完全由铝构成的接触点位于在导体的点处。它能够直接用作与接触元件连接的连接件。在随后进一步的处理中,起初,在保护气体的作用下就能够除去接触部件的氧化层。
附图说明
借助附图以实施例的方式来解释根据本发明的方法。
在附图中:
图1和图2示意性示出了在两个不同的加工阶段中的电导体端部。
图3至图5以三个不同的实施例示意性示出了进行根据本发明的方法的装置。
图6示出了导体与接触元件之间的接触点。
具体实施方式
基于图1和图5的垂直布置的导体来解释根据本发明的方法。类似地,本方法也可以用倾斜或水平运转的导体来进行。
在图1中示出了由铝构成的导线1的端部,其具有电导体L。有利地,在导体(Leiter)1中,导线1彼此绞合。为清楚起见,图示的导线彼此分离,并且实际上仅4根导线1。导体L由绝缘体2围绕着,在端部,暴露该绝缘体并且其远离导线1。导线1保持在一起,并通过由箭头4、5所指示方向的保持件3(图3)固定在导体L的端部。相应地,附图中示出了以垂直方向布置的导体L。热源6(图3)作由箭头7表示的向上指向的前侧。
例如,简要地,热源可在导体L的前表面上作用4秒,并且有利地,事实上作为已经提及的,与保护气体覆盖一起作用。例如,导体L的点同时被加温到2300℃,以便铝被熔化。从而,所有导线1的铝被一同束缚成为单件均一接触部分8,其保留在导体L的点上。
为了紧固导体L,采用了保持件3,有利地,该保持件3由两个部分,夹紧元件9和10构成一个。其优选由铜制成。下方区域,尤其是导体L的绝缘体2被保持件3遮蔽,或通过横穿过热源6的夹紧元件来遮蔽。
根据图3,例如,导体从保持件3突出4mm的长度。热源6到保持件3的距离取决于所采用的每个热源。如图所示,从热源6流出的热流流过锥形边缘11。
根据图4,导体L被带进入保持件中,以使导体的前表面与保持件的上边缘位于同一水平。
在第三种变型中,根据图4,导体L被固定,以便其凸出超过了保持件。然后使接触部分8位于保持件3内,其以城壕(moat)的形式在周围限定。
经过短期的升温或加热后,如上所述,导体L的端部形成单件均一接触部分。然后冷却导体L的端部并移除保持件3。
之后,导体L能够与例如由铜构成的接触元件12连接。为此,有利地,如图4所示,接触部分8提前成型为矩形物体。接触部分8和接触元件12可焊接在一起。合适的配置由箭头13和14示出。例如,可采用超声焊接配置。
Claims (4)
1.一种用于在电导体(L)的端部制作有效电接触点的方法,所述电导体(L)的端部具有由铝构成的绞合导线(1),由此通过使用保持件,导体(L)的端部以竖直方向布置,所述保持件(3)包括两个夹紧元件,该两个夹紧元件在完成夹紧时紧固地围绕所述导体(L)的端部以使得所述导体(L)的前侧暴露并且从顶部可接近,由此然后导体(2)的前表面由热源以很短的时间加温而加热到2000℃或更高温度,使得围绕导体的单独的绞合导线的氧化层的材料被熔化掉并被储存使得在铝构成的接触点没有残留,其最终是仅包含铝的单件的接触部分,由此在该端部处,接触点与导体的端部一起被冷却。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,对于所述导体(2)的熔化,能够在所述导体的端部处的接触点上使用等离子光发生器、激光束、电子束、或金属保护气体电源。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于,所述金属保护气体电源为钨惰性气体电源。
4.根据权利要求2或3所述的方法,其特征在于,所述熔化在高达3500℃的温度下进行1至6秒的时间段。
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