CN106384660A - 一种烧结钕铁硼磁体表面扩散层的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种烧结钕铁硼磁体表面扩散层的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN106384660A
CN106384660A CN201610933230.2A CN201610933230A CN106384660A CN 106384660 A CN106384660 A CN 106384660A CN 201610933230 A CN201610933230 A CN 201610933230A CN 106384660 A CN106384660 A CN 106384660A
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diffusion layer
sintered ndfeb
magnet surface
iron
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周庆
肖方明
唐仁衡
王英
孙泰
彭能
刘金刚
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Guangdong Institute of Rare Metals
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01FMAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F41/00Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
    • H01F41/02Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
    • H01F41/0253Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing permanent magnets
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01FMAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F1/00Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
    • H01F1/01Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
    • H01F1/03Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
    • H01F1/032Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
    • H01F1/04Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
    • H01F1/047Alloys characterised by their composition
    • H01F1/053Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals
    • H01F1/0536Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals sintered
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01FMAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F1/00Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
    • H01F1/01Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
    • H01F1/03Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
    • H01F1/032Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
    • H01F1/04Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
    • H01F1/047Alloys characterised by their composition
    • H01F1/053Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals
    • H01F1/055Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5
    • H01F1/057Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Hard Magnetic Materials (AREA)
  • Manufacturing Cores, Coils, And Magnets (AREA)

Abstract

一种烧结钕铁硼磁体表面扩散层的制备方法。步骤如下:采用磁控溅射法,在厚度1~8mm的烧结钕铁硼磁体表面沉积厚度1~5μm的Cu‑M合金;在真空度10‑2~10‑4Pa下,温度800~1100℃,热处理1~10小时;再于550~750℃下,热处理1~10小时,最后于温度400~500℃,热处理1~5小时,即得到所述烧结钕铁硼磁体表面扩散层。本发明方法制备的扩散层不含价格昂贵的稀土元素,在保证扩散效果的同时,降低了稀土元素的使用量,方法简便有效,在保证烧结钕铁硼磁体剩磁的前提下,大幅度提高了磁体的矫顽力。本发明适用于稀土质量百分含量30~35%的烧结钕铁硼磁体。

Description

一种烧结钕铁硼磁体表面扩散层的制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于稀土永磁材料领域,特别涉及到一种烧结钕铁硼磁体表面扩散层的制备方法。
背景技术
烧结钕铁硼(NdFeB)永磁材料具有优异的室温永磁性能,已经成为国民经济和国防工业的重要基础性材料。进入二十一世纪,电子信息、医疗设备、混合动力汽车、风力发电等产业的迅猛发展对烧结NdFeB磁体的矫顽力热稳定性提出了更高的要求。越来越多的研究者开展了大量的研究工作来提高烧结NdFeB的永磁性能和热稳定性。
烧结NdFeB永磁材料的性能不仅与主相Nd2Fe14B的内禀性能有关,而且还受到晶界相显微组织结构、分布和体积分数的影响。通过对主相、晶界相以及它们之间的界面调控能有效提高烧结NdFeB永磁材料的性能。矫顽力(Hcj)是永磁体最重要的技术磁性参数之一。提高磁体的矫顽力可磁体的最大磁能积((BH)max),磁体在使用过程中的抗退磁能力及其稳定性。但是传统商业烧结钕铁硼的矫顽力远远低于其理论值,且热稳定性能较差的缺陷限制了在高温领域的发展。因为烧结钕铁硼的矫顽力是内禀结构参数,其机制是以反向畴的形核为主,因此晶界的微观结构对于提高烧结钕铁硼磁体的矫顽力起着至关重要的作用。添加重稀土元素Dy来提高主相颗粒的各向异性场是目前提高NdFeB永磁材料矫顽力最有效的手段之一。但是,由于重稀土Dy与Fe的原子磁矩为反铁磁性耦合,它的添加会降低材料剩磁和最大磁能积;同时,重稀土元素Dy在自然界中含量稀少,价格昂贵。因此,Dy的添加显著增加了材料的制造成本。目前,发展不含重稀土Dy或者少含重稀土Dy的高矫顽力烧结NdFeB磁体已经成为了当今研究的主要方向。
经过十余年的研究和发展,虽然晶界扩散技术取得显著进展,但仍然摆脱不了对稀土元素的依赖,目前的工艺无一例外地需使用稀土化合物或者稀土合金来制备扩散层。因此,为了控制成本,进一步降低重稀土和稀土含量,需要寻找一种非稀土元素或者化合物作为扩散源更好地提高烧结钕铁硼磁体的矫顽力和性价比。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种烧结钕铁硼磁体表面扩散层的制备方法,目的在于通过该方法有效提高烧结钕铁硼磁体性能,特别是矫顽力。
本发明的烧结钕铁硼磁体表面扩散层的制备方法如下:采用磁控溅射法,在厚度1~8mm的烧结钕铁硼磁体表面沉积厚度1~5μm的Cu-M合金;在真空度10-2~10-4Pa下,温度800~1100℃,热处理1~10小时;再于550~750℃下,热处理1~10小时,最后于温度400~500℃,热处理1~5小时,即得到所述烧结钕铁硼磁体表面扩散层。
所述M为Zn或Al,其质量百分含量为10~60%。
所述磁控溅射法的技术参数为:溅射功率40~120W,工作气压0.5~0.8Pa,Ar气流量20~25sccm,时间0.5~5h,温度为室温。
本发明主要利用Cu-M合金和烧结钕铁硼磁体晶界相的液化温度较低的特点,在扩散热处理过程中,合金进入磁体的晶界内,改善和调控晶界相的组织、成分和结构,达到提高烧结钕铁硼磁体矫顽力的目的。本发明适用于稀土质量百分含量30~35%的烧结钕铁硼磁体。
本发明相对于现有技术具有如下的优点和效果:
(1)本发明所述方法简便有效,在保证烧结钕铁硼磁体剩磁的前提下,大幅度提高了磁体的矫顽力。
(2)本发明所制备的扩散层不含价格昂贵的稀土元素,在保证扩散效果的同时,降低了稀土元素的使用量。
附图说明
图1原始烧结钕铁硼磁体和实施例1处理后烧结钕铁硼磁体的退磁曲线图。
图2原始烧结钕铁硼磁体和实施例2处理后烧结钕铁硼磁体的退磁曲线图。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施案例对本发明作进一步详细描述,但本发明的实施方式不限于此。
实施例1
将牌号为N35,稀土质量百分含量33%的烧结钕铁硼磁体切割成Φ20mm×4mm的圆柱体薄片;用磁控溅射法,Al质量百分含量50%的Cu-Al靶,溅射功率为50W,工作气压0.8Pa,Ar气流量为20sccm,时间为4.5h,温度为室温;表面沉积厚度约为1μm;将上述制备的磁体在真空度10-3Pa,1000℃处理3h,700℃处理2h;再于450℃,真空度10-3Pa条件下处理5h,得到烧结钕铁硼磁体的表面扩散层。
从图1可看出,烧结钕铁硼磁体的Cu-Al表面扩散层与原始烧结钕铁硼磁体的矫顽力(Hcj)相比有较大的提高,从1085kA/m提高至1370kA/m(300K),且剩磁降低不明显,从1.20T提高至1.12T(300K)。
实施例2
将牌号为N35,稀土质量百分含量33%的烧结钕铁硼磁体切割成Φ20mm×4mm的圆柱体薄片;用磁控溅射法,Zn质量百分含量30%的Cu-Zn靶,溅射功率为100W,工作气压0.5Pa,Ar气流量为25sccm,时间为2h,温度为室温;表面沉积厚度约为2μm,将上述制备的磁体在真空度10-4Pa,900℃处理5h,650℃处理3h;再于500℃,真空度10-3Pa条件下处理2h,得到烧结钕铁硼磁体的表面扩散层。从图2可看出,烧结钕铁硼磁体的Cu-Zn表面扩散层与原始烧结钕铁硼磁体的矫顽力(Hcj)相比有较大的提高,从1085kA/m提高至1264kA/m(300K),且剩磁降低不明显,从1.20T提高至1.15T(300K)。

Claims (3)

1.一种烧结钕铁硼磁体表面扩散层的制备方法,其特征在于步骤如下:采用磁控溅射法,在厚度1~8mm的烧结钕铁硼磁体表面沉积厚度1~5μm的Cu-M合金;在真空度10-2~10-4Pa下,温度800~1100℃,热处理1~10小时;再于550~750℃下,热处理1~10小时,最后于温度400~500℃,热处理1~5小时,即得到所述烧结钕铁硼磁体表面扩散层。
2.根据权利要求1所述的烧结钕铁硼磁体表面扩散层的制备方法,其特征在于所述所述M为Al或Zn,其质量百分含量为10~60%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的烧结钕铁硼磁体表面扩散层的制备方法,其特征在于所述物理气相沉积法的技术参数为:溅射功率40~120W,工作气压0.5~0.8Pa,Ar气流量20~25sccm,时间0.5~5h,温度为室温。
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CN107275028A (zh) * 2017-06-19 2017-10-20 钢铁研究总院 晶界扩散钕铁硼磁体的界面调控方法
CN108335897A (zh) * 2018-01-08 2018-07-27 重庆科技学院 一种NdCeFeB各向同性致密永磁体及其制备方法
CN110033940A (zh) * 2019-05-10 2019-07-19 中国科学院宁波材料技术与工程研究所 一种含有Al和Cu的稀土铁硼永磁材料及其制备方法

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Application publication date: 20170208