CN106383064B - A kind of method of the quick selection of land in notoginseng planting region - Google Patents
A kind of method of the quick selection of land in notoginseng planting region Download PDFInfo
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- CN106383064B CN106383064B CN201610727095.6A CN201610727095A CN106383064B CN 106383064 B CN106383064 B CN 106383064B CN 201610727095 A CN201610727095 A CN 201610727095A CN 106383064 B CN106383064 B CN 106383064B
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N5/00—Analysing materials by weighing, e.g. weighing small particles separated from a gas or liquid
- G01N5/04—Analysing materials by weighing, e.g. weighing small particles separated from a gas or liquid by removing a component, e.g. by evaporation, and weighing the remainder
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of method of quick selection of land in notoginseng planting region, step includes: to find the good plot of alder upgrowth situation, obtains A class plot；The plot for having creeping oxalis to grow is excluded in A class plot, obtains B class plot；In B class plot, exclude planted Radix Notoginseng, greengrocery crop, cauline leaf yellow plot, obtain C class plot；In C class plot, there are root tuber, root knot quantity in 10 or more plot as plant before exclusion, obtain D class plot；In D class plot, the crop rotation time limit is chosen in 20 years or more plot, obtains E class plot；In E class plot, the plot using non-decomposed manure is excluded, obtaining F class plot is notoginseng planting region.The beneficial effects of the present invention are: improving selection of land efficiency, Planting risk is reduced, to ensure that the yield and quality of Radix Notoginseng plant is laid a good foundation, significantly reduces the difficulty of field management in planting process, method is easy to be reliable, easy to spread.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agricultural plantation technology fields, and in particular to a kind of method of the quick selection of land in notoginseng planting region.
Background technique
Radix Notoginseng also known as pseudo-ginseng are Umbellales Araliaceae, are distributed mainly on the ground such as Yunnan, Guangxi, Jiangxi, Sichuan.In
Medicinal material three has the effect of dissipating stasis and stanching bleeding, detumescence ding-tong seventh is that using its root as medicinal effects.Hemoptysis is cured mainly, is spitted blood, just
Blood, metrorrhagia and metrostaxis, traumatic hemorrhage, chest and abdomen shouting pain, treating swelling and pain by traumatic injury.Radix Notoginseng is China's tradition rare traditional Chinese medicine, 40 kinds of large big medicinal materials
One of kind at home and abroad has long enjoyed a good reputation away from modern existing more than 400 years applicating histories, and Radix Notoginseng just has " hemostasis god's medicine " from ancient times
Laudatory title.Due to the unique obvious effect of Radix Notoginseng, constantly by expansion purposes, health care, chemical industry, medical dosage persistently rise, especially
China enters the cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease high-incidence season, and correlation research and development product emerges one after another, and demand is huge, Guangxi Wuzhou pseudo-ginseng tooth
Cream, Yunnan Baiyao group, Tianjin day bodyguard power, Community in Baiyunshan, Guangzhou, Yuxi peacekeeping, Zhenbao Island pharmacy, Shanghai Hua Yudeng enterprise are all
The large user of Radix Notoginseng represents.Market is to the annual requirement of Radix Notoginseng already close to 8000 tons, and dosage becomes still in what is risen year by year
Gesture.
Since Radix Notoginseng industry development is rapid, planting scale constantly expands.Wenshan Prefecture, Yunnan Province is source area and the master of Radix Notoginseng
Producing region is famous " township of Chinese Radix Notoginseng ".Since 2010, pseudo-ginseng big bulge in price, cultivated area is expanded to Red River, jade
The ground such as small stream, Pu'er, Kunming, Qujing, Chuxiong, Dali, the Baoshan.By 2011, the gross annual output value about 10,000,000,000 of Yunnan Province's Radix Notoginseng industry
Member (7,000,000,000 yuan of processing plants 3,000,000,000 yuan), it is more than half to account for the whole province's Chinese herbal medicine industry output value, it has also become the pillar of Yunnan herbal species produces
Industry.With the expansion of industry size, notoginseng planting industry there are the problem of and facing challenges gradually highlight.Such as Radix Notoginseng germ plasm resource
Protection and optimization, Radix Notoginseng biological yield and quality, disease control and residual excessively high, Radix Notoginseng the continuous cropping obstacle of agriculture and environmental pressure
Etc. contradictions increasingly sharpen.Wherein the continuous cropping obstacle of Radix Notoginseng is that notoginseng planting industry develops the outstanding problem faced, causes mountain of papers
State cultivated area falls sharply, a quarter or so of cultivated area only outside area.
At the same time, huge security risk is also brought during shifting outside planting area, such as: new district ecology item
Whether natural environments such as part such as weather, soil, topography and geomorphology, group etc. are consistent with the planting conditions in Radix Notoginseng source area, wherein
It is suitable for success or failure of the selection of notoginseng planting soil concerning plantation, it appears it is particularly important, however currently without the evaluation of scientific system
Index, the selection for notoginseng planting region are still the primary problem that many notoginseng planting peasant households and enterprise are faced.
Based on summary of experience and verification experimental verification of the present invention during planting Radix Notoginseng for many years, sum up a kind of quick
Effective soil discrimination method.
Summary of the invention
It not yet establishes the scientific evaluation system for notoginseng planting selection of land at present for solution, plant asking for Radix Notoginseng selection of land difficulty
Topic, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of methods of quick selection of land in notoginseng planting region.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: a kind of method of the quick selection of land in notoginseng planting region, including
Following steps:
Step 1: alder instruction screening: finding the good plot of alder upgrowth situation, chooses soil sample and is detected,
Soil organic matter content plot belonging to 15% or more soil sample is chosen, A class plot is obtained；
Step 2: the ground for having creeping oxalis to grow creeping oxalis instruction screening: is chosen in the A class plot as selected by previous step
Block chooses soil sample and is diluted to obtain the soil liquid with distilled water, obtains soil pH value using the pH test paper detection soil liquid
It between 4.5~5.0, should exclude, obtain B class plot；
Step 3: preceding to make vegetation type instruction screening: in the B class plot as selected by previous step, exclusion had been planted
Radix Notoginseng, greengrocery crop, the preceding plot for making plant stem-leaf yellow, obtain C class plot；
Step 4: preceding to make root system of plant instruction screening: in the C class plot as selected by previous step, take pedotheque,
There are root tuber, root knot quantity in 10 or more plot as plant before exclusion, obtains D class plot；
Step 5: preceding to make planting patterns instruction screening: in the D class plot as selected by previous step, to choose first run Radix Notoginseng
The crop rotation time limit was sampled from soil in 20 years or more plot after plantation, pathogenicbacteria separation culture was carried out to soil, under microscope
Observation obtains E class plot without root rot germ；
Step 6: preceding to make organic fertilizer instruction screening: in the E class plot as selected by previous step, it is not decomposed to exclude use
The plot of organic fertilizer, samples from soil, carries out pathogenicbacteria separation culture to soil, microscopically observation without root rot germ,
Obtaining F class plot is notoginseng planting region.
The present invention preferably, in above-mentioned steps one, the method that detects soil organic matter content are as follows: take pedotheque drying simultaneously
It weighs weight and obtains the original dry weight of pedotheque, above-mentioned pedotheque is small in 300 degrees Celsius~500 degrees Celsius lower calcinations 3
When~5 hours, the weight of pedotheque after calcination is weighed, the weight difference before and after pedotheque calcination and pedotheque original dry weight
Ratio be soil organic matter content.
Preferably, the soil weight in above-mentioned B class plot is 0.6g/cm to the present invention3~0.8g/cm3, powder it is viscous than for 0.5~
0.8, pH value is 5.5~7.0.
Preferably, above-mentioned C class plot is the plot of upland grain and industrial crops crop rotation to the present invention.
Alder also known as water wax gourd tree, water blueness wind, alder wormwood artemisia, are the plants of Betulaceae Alder, like water-wet, are born in river shoal low more
Wetland, well developed root system have root nodule, and nitrogen fixing capacity is strong, have root nodule or mycorhiza fast-growing, are non-pulse family nitrogen fixing tree, nitrogen fixing capacity
By force, energy sand-fixation soil-retention prevents erosion, and increases the soil organism and soil fertility, provides nutrient for Radix Notoginseng, promote Radix Notoginseng
Growth.Meanwhile alder has extremely strong immunity to fungal disease, can eliminate the continuous cropping obstacle of Radix Notoginseng, improves the anti-of Radix Notoginseng
Sick ability reduces the risk that pest and disease damage occurs for Radix Notoginseng.Alder is ideal Radix Notoginseng favorable planting region indicator plant, can be according to alder tree
The upgrowth situation of kind determines notoginseng planting plot.
Plantation Radix Notoginseng should select soil organic matter content is higher, soil fertility condition is medium, have crumb structure, permeability compared with
It gets well, irrigation and drainage are convenient, plot of the pH value between 5.5~7.0；Avoid selection rich clay, salt-soda soil plantation.Creeping oxalis overgrowing place
Soil is mostly acidity, and pH value is not suitable for the normal growth of Radix Notoginseng and disease easy to breed, increases pipe between 4.5~5.0
Manage difficulty.
Yunnan acid soil is the distributed area of M hapla, which can lead to Radix Notoginseng and root knot nematode disease occurs in turn
Yield and quality is influenced, Radix Notoginseng root knot nematode disease has the trend gradually spread, three July 1st in mountain of papers notoginseng planting region
Denier infection root knot nematode disease usually causes great economic loss because being difficult to prevention and treatment.Therefore actively taking preventive measures is control
The important leverage that Radix Notoginseng root knot nematode disease occurs, the selection that plot is conscientiously carried out before notoginseng planting are to prevent the disease further diffusion
The important measure of sprawling.It can be distinguished before selection of land according to the root condition for before making plant, if the preceding root system palpus for making plant
Root is less, has root knot, cauline leaf yellow, then illustrates very likely there is M hapla in the ground soil, should not plant Radix Notoginseng.
Radix Notoginseng is perennial root plant, continues continuous cropping at the ground time 3 years, after one batch of plantation and easily leads to root rot etc.
The generation and prevalence of a variety of soil-borne diseases and subterranean pest-insect.Therefore, notoginseng planting plot must select the crop rotation time limit 20 years with
On, and preferably select to crops such as non-irrigated grain (such as corn, wheat, buckwheat etc.) and industrial crops (such as tobacco) with carrying out crop rotation
Block.The plot having planted Radix Notoginseng and being possible to by pathogen contamination is not selected.Make before not selecting largely using non-decomposed manure
Plot.Making plant before not selecting is vegetable crop or block root crop (such as potato) and the serious plot of disease.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are: substantially increasing selection of land efficiency, reduces bring due to addressing is improper and plant wind
Danger significantly reduces field management in planting process to ensure that the yield and quality of Radix Notoginseng plant is laid a good foundation
Difficulty, method is easy reliable, easy to spread.
Specific embodiment
A kind of method of the quick selection of land in notoginseng planting region, includes the following steps:
Step 1: alder instruction screening: finding the good plot of alder upgrowth situation, chooses soil sample and is detected,
Soil organic matter content plot belonging to 15% or more soil sample is chosen, A class plot is obtained；
Step 2: the ground for having creeping oxalis to grow creeping oxalis instruction screening: is chosen in the A class plot as selected by previous step
Block chooses soil sample and is diluted to obtain the soil liquid with distilled water, obtains soil pH value using the pH test paper detection soil liquid
It between 4.5~5.0, should exclude, obtain B class plot；
Step 3: preceding to make vegetation type instruction screening: in the B class plot as selected by previous step, exclusion had been planted
Radix Notoginseng, greengrocery crop, the preceding plot for making plant stem-leaf yellow, obtain C class plot；
Step 4: preceding to make root system of plant instruction screening: in the C class plot as selected by previous step, take pedotheque,
There are root tuber, root knot quantity in 10 or more plot as plant before exclusion, obtains D class plot；
Step 5: preceding to make planting patterns instruction screening: in the D class plot as selected by previous step, to choose first run Radix Notoginseng
The crop rotation time limit was sampled from soil in 20 years or more plot after plantation, pathogenicbacteria separation culture was carried out to soil, under microscope
Observation obtains E class plot without root rot germ；
Step 6: preceding to make organic fertilizer instruction screening: in the E class plot as selected by previous step, it is not decomposed to exclude use
The plot of organic fertilizer, samples from soil, carries out pathogenicbacteria separation culture to soil, microscopically observation without root rot germ,
Obtaining F class plot is notoginseng planting region.
Embodiment 1
Include the following steps:
Step 1: alder instruction screening: finding the good plot of alder upgrowth situation, takes pedotheque to dry and weighs weight
The original dry weight for measuring pedotheque, by pedotheque 400 degrees Celsius lower calcination 4 hours, weigh pedotheque after calcination
Weight, the ratio of weight difference before and after pedotheque calcination and pedotheque original dry weight is soil organic matter content, choosing
Soil organic matter content plot belonging to 20%~25% soil sample is taken, A class plot is obtained；
Step 2: the ground for having creeping oxalis to grow creeping oxalis instruction screening: is excluded in the A class plot as selected by previous step
Block, obtains B class plot, and the soil in B class plot should have the characteristics that permeability is good and be crumb structure, soil weight 0.7g/
cm3, powder is viscous than being 0.6, pH value 6.5；
Step 3: preceding to make vegetation type instruction screening: in the B class plot as selected by previous step, exclusion had been planted
Plant is made as upland grain and industrial crops crop rotation in Radix Notoginseng, greengrocery crop, the preceding plot for making plant stem-leaf yellow before selecting
Plot obtains C class plot；
Step 4: preceding to make root system of plant instruction screening: in the C class plot as selected by previous step, take pedotheque,
There are root tuber, root knot quantity in 10 or more plot as plant before exclusion, obtains D class plot；
Step 5: preceding to make planting patterns instruction screening: in the D class plot as selected by previous step, to choose first run Radix Notoginseng
The plot that the crop rotation time limit is 25 years after plantation, samples from soil, carries out pathogenicbacteria separation culture, microscopically observation to soil
Without root rot germ, E class plot is obtained；
Step 6: preceding to make organic fertilizer instruction screening: in the E class plot as selected by previous step, it is not decomposed to exclude use
The plot of organic fertilizer, samples from soil, carries out pathogenicbacteria separation culture to soil, microscopically observation without root rot germ,
Obtaining F class plot is notoginseng planting region.
The present embodiment is highly preferred embodiment of the present invention, by the practical plantation summary of experience and data statistics of many years, by
The plot that the method for the present embodiment screens is most suitable for plantation Radix Notoginseng, and the yield and quality of Radix Notoginseng is obviously higher than other implementations
Example, disease incidence are also lower compared with other embodiments.
Embodiment 2
Include the following steps:
Step 1: alder instruction screening: finding the good plot of alder upgrowth situation, takes pedotheque to dry and weighs weight
Pedotheque calcination 3 hours at 300 degrees Celsius are weighed pedotheque after calcination by the original dry weight for measuring pedotheque
Weight, the ratio of weight difference before and after pedotheque calcination and pedotheque original dry weight is soil organic matter content, choosing
Soil organic matter content plot belonging to 15%~20% soil sample is taken, A class plot is obtained；
Step 2: the ground for having creeping oxalis to grow creeping oxalis instruction screening: is excluded in the A class plot as selected by previous step
Block, obtains B class plot, and the soil in B class plot should have the characteristics that permeability is good and be crumb structure, soil weight 0.6g/
cm3, powder is viscous than being 0.5, pH value 5.5；
Step 3: preceding to make vegetation type instruction screening: in the B class plot as selected by previous step, exclusion had been planted
Plant is made as upland grain and industrial crops crop rotation in Radix Notoginseng, greengrocery crop, the preceding plot for making plant stem-leaf yellow before selecting
Plot obtains C class plot；
Step 4: preceding to make root system of plant instruction screening: in the C class plot as selected by previous step, take pedotheque,
There are root tuber, root knot quantity in 10 or more plot as plant before exclusion, obtains D class plot；
Step 5: preceding to make planting patterns instruction screening: in the D class plot as selected by previous step, to choose first run Radix Notoginseng
The plot that the crop rotation time limit is 20 years after plantation, samples from soil, carries out pathogenicbacteria separation culture, microscopically observation to soil
Without root rot germ, E class plot is obtained；
Step 6: preceding to make organic fertilizer instruction screening: in the E class plot as selected by previous step, it is not decomposed to exclude use
The plot of organic fertilizer, samples from soil, carries out pathogenicbacteria separation culture to soil, microscopically observation without root rot germ,
Obtaining F class plot is notoginseng planting region.
Embodiment 3
Include the following steps:
Step 1: alder instruction screening: finding the good plot of alder upgrowth situation, takes pedotheque to dry and weighs weight
The original dry weight for measuring pedotheque, by pedotheque 500 degrees Celsius lower calcination 5 hours, weigh pedotheque after calcination
Weight, the ratio of weight difference before and after pedotheque calcination and pedotheque original dry weight is soil organic matter content, choosing
Soil organic matter content plot belonging to 25%~30% soil sample is taken, A class plot is obtained；
Step 2: the ground for having creeping oxalis to grow creeping oxalis instruction screening: is excluded in the A class plot as selected by previous step
Block, obtains B class plot, and the soil in B class plot should have the characteristics that permeability is good and be crumb structure, soil weight 0.8g/
cm3, powder is viscous than being 0.8, pH value 7.0；
Step 3: preceding to make vegetation type instruction screening: in the B class plot as selected by previous step, exclusion had been planted
Plant is made as upland grain and industrial crops crop rotation in Radix Notoginseng, greengrocery crop, the preceding plot for making plant stem-leaf yellow before selecting
Plot obtains C class plot；
Step 4: preceding to make root system of plant instruction screening: in the C class plot as selected by previous step, take pedotheque,
There are root tuber, root knot quantity in 10 or more plot as plant before exclusion, obtains D class plot；
Step 5: preceding to make planting patterns instruction screening: in the D class plot as selected by previous step, to choose first run Radix Notoginseng
The plot that the crop rotation time limit is 30 years after plantation, samples from soil, carries out pathogenicbacteria separation culture, microscopically observation to soil
Without root rot germ, E class plot is obtained；
Step 6: preceding to make organic fertilizer instruction screening: in the E class plot as selected by previous step, it is not decomposed to exclude use
The plot of organic fertilizer, samples from soil, carries out pathogenicbacteria separation culture to soil, microscopically observation without root rot germ,
Obtaining F class plot is notoginseng planting region.
By the test of many years notoginseng planting and data statistics, testing contrastively block type used includes eight classes, these eighth types of
Plot is respectively as follows:
The first kind: having alder growth, and no creeping oxalis grows, and makees history, preceding work before no plantation Radix Notoginseng and greengrocery crop
Plant stem-leaf is bud green, without root tuber, root knot quantity at 10 hereinafter, preceding make to use decomposed manure；
Second class: no alder growth has creeping oxalis growth, makees history, preceding work before no plantation Radix Notoginseng and greengrocery crop
Plant stem-leaf is bud green, without root tuber, root knot quantity at 10 hereinafter, preceding make to use decomposed manure；
Third class: the growth of no alder, no creeping oxalis growth, have plantation Radix Notoginseng, it is one or two kinds of in greengrocery crop before
Make history, it is preceding make plant stem-leaf it is bud green, without root tuber, root knot quantity at 10 hereinafter, preceding make to use decomposed manure；
4th class: no alder growth, no creeping oxalis grow, and make history, preceding work before no plantation Radix Notoginseng and greengrocery crop
Plant has cauline leaf yellow, has root tuber, root knot quantity in one or more of 10 or more 3 features, and preceding work uses decomposed
Organic fertilizer；
5th class: no alder growth, no creeping oxalis grow, and make history, preceding work before no plantation Radix Notoginseng and greengrocery crop
Plant stem-leaf is bud green, without root tuber, root knot quantity at 10 hereinafter, preceding work uses non-decomposed manure；
6th class: plot described in embodiment 1；
7th class: plot described in embodiment 2；
8th class: plot described in embodiment 3.
The Contrast on effect of all kinds of plot plantation Radix Notoginseng is as follows:
| Planting site block type | Rust disease incidence | Powdery mildew disease incidence | Root rot disease incidence | Setting percentage |
| The first kind | 30% | 10% | 15% | 70% |
| Second class | 32% | 9% | 12% | 66% |
| Third class | 27% | 11% | 11% | 68% |
| 4th class | 34% | 15% | 15% | 61% |
| 5th class | 26% | 10% | 19% | 72% |
| 6th class | 12% | 8% | 5% | 81% |
| 7th class | 9% | 8% | 8% | 80% |
| 8th class | 11% | 7% | 7% | 80% |
According to test result: method according to the present invention chooses notoginseng planting plot, the production to Radix Notoginseng is improved
Amount and quality reduce the onset risk of Radix Notoginseng with significant effect.
Above-described embodiment is presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not a limitation on the technical scheme of the present invention, and is not being taken off
Under the premise of from spirit and scope of the invention, various changes and improvements may be made to the invention, these changes and improvements are regarded as
It falls into scope of the claimed invention.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of method of the quick selection of land in notoginseng planting region, characterized by the following steps:
Step 1: alder instruction screening: finding the good plot of alder upgrowth situation, chooses soil sample and is detected, is chosen
Soil organic matter content plot belonging to 15% or more soil sample obtains A class plot；
Step 2: creeping oxalis instruction screening: choosing the plot for having creeping oxalis to grow in the A class plot as selected by previous step,
It chooses soil sample and is diluted to obtain the soil liquid with distilled water, obtain soil pH value using the pH test paper detection soil liquid and exist
It between 4.5~5.0, should exclude, obtain B class plot；
Step 3: preceding to make vegetation type instruction screening: in the B class plot as selected by previous step, vegetables had been planted in exclusion
Class crop or the preceding plot for making plant stem-leaf yellow, obtain C class plot；
Step 4: preceding to make root system of plant instruction screening: in the C class plot as selected by previous step, to take pedotheque, exclude
It is preceding to have root tuber, root knot quantity in 10 or more plot as plant, obtain D class plot；
Step 5: preceding to make planting patterns instruction screening: in the D class plot as selected by previous step, to choose first run notoginseng planting
The crop rotation time limit was sampled from soil in 20 years or more plot afterwards, carried out pathogenicbacteria separation culture, microscopically observation to soil
Without root rot germ, E class plot is obtained；
Step 6: preceding to make organic fertilizer instruction screening: in the E class plot as selected by previous step, to exclude using not decomposed organic
The plot of fertilizer, samples from soil, carries out pathogenicbacteria separation culture to soil, microscopically observation obtains F without root rot germ
Class plot is notoginseng planting region.
2. a kind of method of quick selection of land in notoginseng planting region according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the step 1
In, the method that detects soil organic matter content are as follows: it takes pedotheque to dry and weighs weight and obtain the original dry weight of pedotheque,
By the pedotheque 300 degrees Celsius~500 degrees Celsius lower calcination 3 hours~5 hours, weigh the weight of pedotheque after calcination
The ratio of amount, weight difference and pedotheque original dry weight before and after pedotheque calcination is soil organic matter content.
3. a kind of method of quick selection of land in notoginseng planting region according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the B class
The soil weight of block is 0.6g/cm3~0.8g/cm3, powder is viscous than being 0.5~0.8, and pH value is 5.5~7.0.
4. a kind of method of quick selection of land in notoginseng planting region according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the C class
Block is the plot of upland grain and industrial crops crop rotation.
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| CN116167630B (en) * | 2023-04-19 | 2023-06-27 | 昆明理工大学 | Computer automatic identification method for selecting pseudo-ginseng rotation suitability land block |
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