CN106383064A - Quick land selection method for panax notoginseng planting areas - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a quick land selection method for panax notoginseng planting areas. The steps include: looking for land blocks with good Alnus cremastogyne growth conditions to obtain type A land blocks; excluding Oxalis corniculata growth land blocks from the type A land blocks to obtain type B land blocks; excluding panax notoginseng and vegetable crop planted land blocks suffering stem leaf yellowing to obtain type C land blocks; in the type C land blocks, excluding the land blocks in which forecrop plants have more than 10 tuberous roots and root knots, thus obtaining type D land blocks; in the type D land blocks, selecting land blocks with more than 20 years of crop rotation, thus obtaining type E land blocks; and in the type E land blocks, excluding land blocks using non-decomposed organic fertilizers so as to obtain type F land blocks, i.e. panax notoginseng planting areas. The method provided by the invention improves the land selection efficiency, lowers the risk of planting, lays a good foundation for guaranteeing the yield and quality of panax notoginseng plants, effectively reduces the field management difficulty in the process of planting, the method is simple and reliable, and is easy to popularize.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agricultural plantation technology field is and in particular to a kind of method of the quick selection of land in notoginseng planting region.
Background technology
Pseudo-ginseng also known as pseudo-ginseng, are Umbellales Araliaceae, are distributed mainly on the ground such as Yunnan, Guangxi, Jiangxi, Sichuan.In
Medicinal material pseudo-ginseng is using its root as medicinal effects, has the effect of dissipate stasis of blood hemostasis, detumescence ding-tong.Cure mainly spitting of blood, spit blood, just
Blood, uterine bleeding, traumatism and bleeding, chest and abdomen shouting pain, treating swelling and pain by traumatic injury.Pseudo-ginseng is China's tradition rare traditional Chinese medicine, 40 kinds of large big medicinal materials
One of kind, the applicating history away from modern existing more than 400 year, at home and abroad have long enjoyed a good reputation, pseudo-ginseng just has " hemostasis god's medicine " from ancient times
Laudatory title.Due to the unique significantly effect of pseudo-ginseng, constantly expanded purposes, health care, chemical industry, medical consumption persistently rise, especially
China enters the cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease high-incidence season, and related research and development product emerges in an endless stream, and demand is huge, Guangxi Wuzhou pseudo-ginseng tooth
The enterprises such as cream, Yunnan Baiyao group, Tianjin sky bodyguard power, Community in Baiyunshan, Guangzhou, Yuxi peacekeeping, Zhenbao Island pharmacy, Shanghai Hua Yu are all
The large user of pseudo-ginseng represents.To the annual requirement of pseudo-ginseng already close to 8000 tons, and consumption is still in becoming of rising year by year in market
Gesture.
Because pseudo-ginseng industry development is rapid, planting scale constantly expands.Wenshan Prefecture of Yunnan Province is original producton location and the master of pseudo-ginseng
Producing region, is famous " township of Chinese pseudo-ginseng ".Since 2010, pseudo-ginseng big bulge in price, cultivated area is expanded to Red River, jade
The ground such as small stream, Pu'er, Kunming, Qujing, Chuxiong, Dali, the Baoshan.By 2011, the gross annual output value about 10,000,000,000 of Yunnan Province's pseudo-ginseng industry
Unit's (7,000,000,000 yuan of processing plants 3,000,000,000 yuan), accounts for the whole province's Chinese herbal medicine industry output value more than half, it has also become the pillar of Yunnan herbal species produces
Industry.With the expansion of industry size, notoginseng planting industry, the problem existing and facing challenges gradually highlight.As pseudo-ginseng germ plasm resource
Protection with optimize, the biological yield of pseudo-ginseng and quality, disease control and residual too high, pseudo-ginseng the continuous cropping obstacle of agriculture and environmental pressure
Increasingly sharpen etc. contradiction.The continuous cropping obstacle of wherein pseudo-ginseng is the outstanding problem that the development of notoginseng planting industry faces, and causes mountain of papers
State cultivated area falls sharply, only about a quarter of cultivated area outside area.
Meanwhile, also bring huge potential safety hazard, for example during moving outside planting area：New district ecology bar
Whether part such as natural environment such as weather, soil, topography and geomorphology, group etc. is consistent with the planting conditions in pseudo-ginseng original producton location, wherein
The selection of suitable notoginseng planting soil concerns the success or failure of plantation, it appears particularly important, but the evaluation currently without scientific system
Index, the selection for notoginseng planting region is still the primary difficult problem that many notoginseng planting peasant households and enterprise are faced.
Based on summary of experience during planting pseudo-ginseng for many years for the present invention and verification experimental verification, sum up a kind of quick
Effectively soil discrimination method.
Content of the invention
For solving not yet to set up scientific evaluation system, plantation difficult the asking of pseudo-ginseng selection of land being directed to notoginseng planting selection of land at present
Topic, it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of method of the quick selection of land in notoginseng planting region.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions：A kind of method of the quick selection of land in notoginseng planting region, including
Following steps：
Step one：Alder instruction screening：Find the good plot of alder upgrowth situation, choose soil sample and detected,
Choose the plot belonging to soil sample more than 15% for the soil organic matter content, obtain A class plot；
Step 2：Creeping oxalis instruction screening：Choosing in the A class plot selected by previous step has the ground of creeping oxalis growth
Block, chooses soil sample and obtains the soil liquid with distilled water diluting, obtain soil pH value using the pH detection paper soil liquid
Between 4.5～5.0, should exclude, obtain B class plot；
Step 3：Before make vegetation type instruction screening：In the B class plot selected by previous step, exclusion was planted
Pseudo-ginseng, greengrocery crop, the front plot making plant stem-leaf yellow, obtain C class plot；
Step 4：Before make root system of plant instruction screening：In the C class plot selected by previous step, take pedotheque,
There are root tuber, plot more than 10 for the root knot quantity as plant before exclusion, obtain D class plot；
Step 5：Before make planting patterns instruction screening：In the D class plot selected by previous step, choose first run pseudo-ginseng
Plot more than 20 years for the crop rotation time limit after plantation, samples from soil, carries out pathogenicbacteria separation culture to soil, under microscope
Observe no root rot germ, obtain E class plot；
Step 6：Before make fertilizer instruction screening：In the E class plot selected by previous step, exclusion uses does not become thoroughly decomposed
The plot of fertilizer, samples from soil, carries out pathogenicbacteria separation culture to soil, basis of microscopic observation no root rot germ,
Obtain F class plot and be notoginseng planting region.
Preferably, in above-mentioned steps one, the method for detection soil organic matter content is the present invention：Pedotheque is taken to dry simultaneously
Weigh the original dry weight that weight obtains pedotheque, above-mentioned pedotheque is little in 300 degrees Celsius～500 degrees Celsius lower calcinations 3
When～5 hours, weigh the weight of pedotheque after calcination, the weight difference before and after pedotheque calcination and pedotheque original dry weight
Ratio be soil organic matter content.
Preferably, the soil weight in above-mentioned B class plot is 0.6g/cm to the present invention3～0.8g/cm3, powder glue than for 0.5～
0.8, pH value is 5.5～7.0.
Preferably, above-mentioned C class plot is the plot of upland grain and industrial crops crop rotation to the present invention.
Alder also known as water wax gourd tree, water green grass or young crops wind, alder wormwood artemisia, are the plants of Betulaceae Alder, happiness water is wet, is born in river shoal low more
Wetland, well developed root system has root nodule, and nitrogen fixing capacity is strong, has root nodule or mycorhiza fast-growing, is non-pulse family nitrogen fixing tree, nitrogen fixing capacity
By force, sand-fixation soil-retention can prevent erosion, increase the soil organism and soil fertility, provide nutrient for pseudo-ginseng, promote pseudo-ginseng
Growth.Meanwhile, alder has extremely strong immunity to fungal disease, can eliminate the continuous cropping obstacle of pseudo-ginseng, improves the anti-of pseudo-ginseng
Sick ability, reduces the risk that pseudo-ginseng occurs pest and disease damage.Alder is preferable pseudo-ginseng favorable planting region indicator plant, can be according to alder tree
The upgrowth situation planted determines notoginseng planting plot.
Plantation pseudo-ginseng should select that soil organic matter content is higher, soil fertility condition is medium, have crumb structure, permeability relatively
Good, irrigation and drainage are convenient, plot between 5.5～7.0 for the pH value；Avoid selecting rich clay, salt-soda soil plantation.In place of creeping oxalis overgrowing
Soil mostly is acidity, and pH value, between 4.5～5.0, is not suitable for the normal growth of pseudo-ginseng and easily grows disease, increase pipe
Reason difficulty.
Yunnan acid ground be M hapla distributed area, this nematode may result in pseudo-ginseng occur root knot nematode disease and then
Impact yield and quality, pseudo-ginseng root knot nematode disease has the trend gradually spreading, three July 1st in mountain of papers notoginseng planting region
Denier infection root knot nematode disease usually causes great economic loss because being difficult to prevent and treat.Therefore actively take preventive measures is to control
The important leverage that pseudo-ginseng root knot nematode disease occurs, the selection conscientiously carrying out plot before notoginseng planting is to prevent this disease from spreading further
The Important Action spreading.Can be distinguished according to the root system situation front making plant before selection of land, if the front root system palpus making plant
Root is less, have root knot, cauline leaf yellow, then illustrate very likely there is M hapla in this ground soil, should not plant pseudo-ginseng.
Pseudo-ginseng is perennial root plant, 3 years ground time, continues continuous cropping and be easily caused root rot etc. after planting one batch
The generation of multiple soil-borne diseases and subterranean pest-insect with popular.Therefore, notoginseng planting plot must select the crop rotation time limit 20 years with
On, and preferably select the crops such as non-irrigated grain (as corn, wheat, buckwheat etc.) and industrial crops (as tobacco) are carried out with the ground of crop rotation
Block.Do not select and planted pseudo-ginseng and be possible to the plot by pathogen contamination.Do not select front work in a large number using non-decomposed manure
Plot.Do not select front make plant be vegetable crop or block root crop (as potato) and the serious plot of disease.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows：Substantially increase selection of land efficiency, reduce the plantation wind bringing because addressing is improper
Danger, the yield and quality for ensureing pseudo-ginseng plant is laid a good foundation, and significantly reduces field management in planting process
Difficulty, method easy reliable it is easy to promote.
Specific embodiment
A kind of method of the quick selection of land in notoginseng planting region, comprises the steps：
Step one：Alder instruction screening：Find the good plot of alder upgrowth situation, choose soil sample and detected,
Choose the plot belonging to soil sample more than 15% for the soil organic matter content, obtain A class plot；
Step 2：Creeping oxalis instruction screening：Choosing in the A class plot selected by previous step has the ground of creeping oxalis growth
Block, chooses soil sample and obtains the soil liquid with distilled water diluting, obtain soil pH value using the pH detection paper soil liquid
Between 4.5～5.0, should exclude, obtain B class plot；
Step 3：Before make vegetation type instruction screening：In the B class plot selected by previous step, exclusion was planted
Pseudo-ginseng, greengrocery crop, the front plot making plant stem-leaf yellow, obtain C class plot；
Step 4：Before make root system of plant instruction screening：In the C class plot selected by previous step, take pedotheque,
There are root tuber, plot more than 10 for the root knot quantity as plant before exclusion, obtain D class plot；
Step 5：Before make planting patterns instruction screening：In the D class plot selected by previous step, choose first run pseudo-ginseng
Plot more than 20 years for the crop rotation time limit after plantation, samples from soil, carries out pathogenicbacteria separation culture to soil, under microscope
Observe no root rot germ, obtain E class plot；
Step 6：Before make fertilizer instruction screening：In the E class plot selected by previous step, exclusion uses does not become thoroughly decomposed
The plot of fertilizer, samples from soil, carries out pathogenicbacteria separation culture to soil, basis of microscopic observation no root rot germ,
Obtain F class plot and be notoginseng planting region.
Embodiment 1
Comprise the steps：
Step one：Alder instruction screening：Find the good plot of alder upgrowth situation, take pedotheque to dry and weigh weight
Measure the original dry weight of pedotheque, by pedotheque in 400 degrees Celsius of lower calcinations 4 hours, weigh pedotheque after calcination
Weight, the ratio of the weight difference before and after pedotheque calcination and pedotheque original dry weight is soil organic matter content, choosing
Take plot belonging in 20%～25% soil sample for the soil organic matter content, obtain A class plot；
Step 2：Creeping oxalis instruction screening：In the A class plot selected by previous step, exclusion has the ground of creeping oxalis growth
Block, obtains B class plot, and the soil in B class plot should have the characteristics that permeability is good and be crumb structure, the soil weight is 0.7g/
cm3, the viscous ratio of powder is 0.6, and pH value is 6.5；
Step 3：Before make vegetation type instruction screening：In the B class plot selected by previous step, exclusion was planted
Pseudo-ginseng, greengrocery crop, the front plot making plant stem-leaf yellow, making plant before selection is upland grain and industrial crops crop rotation
Plot, obtains C class plot；
Step 4：Before make root system of plant instruction screening：In the C class plot selected by previous step, take pedotheque,
There are root tuber, plot more than 10 for the root knot quantity as plant before exclusion, obtain D class plot；
Step 5：Before make planting patterns instruction screening：In the D class plot selected by previous step, choose first run pseudo-ginseng
After plantation, the crop rotation time limit is the plot of 25 years, samples, carry out pathogenicbacteria separation culture, basis of microscopic observation to soil from soil
No root rot germ, obtains E class plot；
Step 6：Before make fertilizer instruction screening：In the E class plot selected by previous step, exclusion uses does not become thoroughly decomposed
The plot of fertilizer, samples from soil, carries out pathogenicbacteria separation culture to soil, basis of microscopic observation no root rot germ,
Obtain F class plot and be notoginseng planting region.
The present embodiment is highly preferred embodiment of the present invention, through actual plantation summary of experience sum for many years according to statistics, by
The plot that the method for the present embodiment screens is best suitable for planting pseudo-ginseng, and the yield and quality of pseudo-ginseng is implemented obviously higher than other
Example, the incidence of disease is also lower compared with other embodiment.
Embodiment 2
Comprise the steps：
Step one：Alder instruction screening：Find the good plot of alder upgrowth situation, take pedotheque to dry and weigh weight
Measure the original dry weight of pedotheque, pedotheque calcination 3 hours at 300 degrees Celsius weigh pedotheque after calcination
Weight, the ratio of the weight difference before and after pedotheque calcination and pedotheque original dry weight is soil organic matter content, choosing
Take plot belonging in 15%～20% soil sample for the soil organic matter content, obtain A class plot；
Step 2：Creeping oxalis instruction screening：In the A class plot selected by previous step, exclusion has the ground of creeping oxalis growth
Block, obtains B class plot, and the soil in B class plot should have the characteristics that permeability is good and be crumb structure, the soil weight is 0.6g/
cm3, the viscous ratio of powder is 0.5, and pH value is 5.5；
Step 3：Before make vegetation type instruction screening：In the B class plot selected by previous step, exclusion was planted
Pseudo-ginseng, greengrocery crop, the front plot making plant stem-leaf yellow, making plant before selection is upland grain and industrial crops crop rotation
Plot, obtains C class plot；
Step 4：Before make root system of plant instruction screening：In the C class plot selected by previous step, take pedotheque,
There are root tuber, plot more than 10 for the root knot quantity as plant before exclusion, obtain D class plot；
Step 5：Before make planting patterns instruction screening：In the D class plot selected by previous step, choose first run pseudo-ginseng
After plantation, the crop rotation time limit is the plot of 20 years, samples, carry out pathogenicbacteria separation culture, basis of microscopic observation to soil from soil
No root rot germ, obtains E class plot；
Step 6：Before make fertilizer instruction screening：In the E class plot selected by previous step, exclusion uses does not become thoroughly decomposed
The plot of fertilizer, samples from soil, carries out pathogenicbacteria separation culture to soil, basis of microscopic observation no root rot germ,
Obtain F class plot and be notoginseng planting region.
Embodiment 3
Comprise the steps：
Step one：Alder instruction screening：Find the good plot of alder upgrowth situation, take pedotheque to dry and weigh weight
Measure the original dry weight of pedotheque, by pedotheque in 500 degrees Celsius of lower calcinations 5 hours, weigh pedotheque after calcination
Weight, the ratio of the weight difference before and after pedotheque calcination and pedotheque original dry weight is soil organic matter content, choosing
Take plot belonging in 25%～30% soil sample for the soil organic matter content, obtain A class plot；
Step 2：Creeping oxalis instruction screening：In the A class plot selected by previous step, exclusion has the ground of creeping oxalis growth
Block, obtains B class plot, and the soil in B class plot should have the characteristics that permeability is good and be crumb structure, the soil weight is 0.8g/
cm3, the viscous ratio of powder is 0.8, and pH value is 7.0；
Step 3：Before make vegetation type instruction screening：In the B class plot selected by previous step, exclusion was planted
Pseudo-ginseng, greengrocery crop, the front plot making plant stem-leaf yellow, making plant before selection is upland grain and industrial crops crop rotation
Plot, obtains C class plot；
Step 4：Before make root system of plant instruction screening：In the C class plot selected by previous step, take pedotheque,
There are root tuber, plot more than 10 for the root knot quantity as plant before exclusion, obtain D class plot；
Step 5：Before make planting patterns instruction screening：In the D class plot selected by previous step, choose first run pseudo-ginseng
After plantation, the crop rotation time limit is the plot of 30 years, samples, carry out pathogenicbacteria separation culture, basis of microscopic observation to soil from soil
No root rot germ, obtains E class plot；
Step 6：Before make fertilizer instruction screening：In the E class plot selected by previous step, exclusion uses does not become thoroughly decomposed
The plot of fertilizer, samples from soil, carries out pathogenicbacteria separation culture to soil, basis of microscopic observation no root rot germ,
Obtain F class plot and be notoginseng planting region.
Through the test sum of notoginseng planting for many years according to statistics, test contrastively block type used includes eight classes, this eight class
Plot is respectively：
The first kind：There is alder to grow, make history before no creeping oxalis growth, no plantation pseudo-ginseng and greengrocery crop, front work
Plant stem-leaf is bud green, no root tuber, root knot quantity below 10, front use decomposed manure；
Equations of The Second Kind：No alder growth, has creeping oxalis to grow, and no makees history before plantation pseudo-ginseng and greengrocery crop, front work
Plant stem-leaf is bud green, no root tuber, root knot quantity below 10, front use decomposed manure；
3rd class：No alder growth, no creeping oxalis growth, there is plantation pseudo-ginseng, in greengrocery crop before one or two
Make history, front make that plant stem-leaf is bud green, no root tuber, root knot quantity below 10, front use decomposed manure；
4th class：No alder growth, makees history before no creeping oxalis growth, no plantation pseudo-ginseng and greengrocery crop, front work
Plant has cauline leaf yellow, has root tuber, root knot quantity one or more of 3 features more than 10, and front work uses and becomes thoroughly decomposed
Fertilizer；
5th class：No alder growth, makees history before no creeping oxalis growth, no plantation pseudo-ginseng and greengrocery crop, front work
Plant stem-leaf is bud green, no root tuber, root knot quantity below 10, front make use non-decomposed manure；
6th class：Plot described in embodiment 1；
7th class：Plot described in embodiment 2；
8th class：Plot described in embodiment 3.
The Contrast on effect that pseudo-ginseng is planted in all kinds of plot is as follows：
| Planting site block type | The rust incidence of disease | The powdery mildew incidence of disease | The root rot incidence of disease | Setting percentage |
| The first kind | 30% | 10% | 15% | 70% |
| Equations of The Second Kind | 32% | 9% | 12% | 66% |
| 3rd class | 27% | 11% | 11% | 68% |
| 4th class | 34% | 15% | 15% | 61% |
| 5th class | 26% | 10% | 19% | 72% |
| 6th class | 12% | 8% | 5% | 81% |
| 7th class | 9% | 8% | 8% | 80% |
| 8th class | 11% | 7% | 7% | 80% |
According to result of the test：Notoginseng planting plot is chosen according to method of the present invention, to the product improving pseudo-ginseng
The onset risk of amount and quality, reduction pseudo-ginseng has significant effect.
Above-described embodiment is presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not the restriction to technical solution of the present invention, is not taking off
On the premise of spirit and scope of the invention, the present invention also has various changes and modifications, and these changes and improvements are regarded as
Fall in scope of the claimed invention.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of quick selection of land in notoginseng planting region method it is characterised in that：Comprise the steps：
Step one：Alder instruction screening：Find the good plot of alder upgrowth situation, choose soil sample and detected, choose
Plot belonging to soil sample more than 15% for the soil organic matter content, obtains A class plot；
Step 2：Creeping oxalis instruction screening：Choosing in the A class plot selected by previous step has the plot of creeping oxalis growth,
Choose soil sample and obtain the soil liquid with distilled water diluting, obtain soil pH value using the pH detection paper soil liquid and exist
Between 4.5～5.0, should exclude, obtain B class plot；
Step 3：Before make vegetation type instruction screening：In the B class plot selected by previous step, exclusion planted pseudo-ginseng,
Greengrocery crop, the front plot making plant stem-leaf yellow, obtain C class plot；
Step 4：Before make root system of plant instruction screening：In the C class plot selected by previous step, take pedotheque, exclusion
Front have root tuber, plot more than 10 for the root knot quantity as plant, obtains D class plot；
Step 5：Before make planting patterns instruction screening：In the D class plot selected by previous step, choose first run notoginseng planting
Plot more than 20 years for the crop rotation time limit afterwards, samples from soil, carries out pathogenicbacteria separation culture, basis of microscopic observation to soil
No root rot germ, obtains E class plot；
Step 6：Before make fertilizer instruction screening：In the E class plot selected by previous step, exclusion is organic using not becoming thoroughly decomposed
Fertile plot, samples from soil, carries out pathogenicbacteria separation culture to soil, and basis of microscopic observation no root rot germ obtains F
Class plot is notoginseng planting region.
2. a kind of quick selection of land in notoginseng planting region according to claim 1 method it is characterised in that：Described step
In, the method for detection soil organic matter content is：Take pedotheque to dry and weigh the original dry weight that weight obtains pedotheque,
By described pedotheque in 300 degrees Celsius～500 degrees Celsius lower calcinations 3 hours～5 hours, weigh the weight of pedotheque after calcination
Amount, the weight difference before and after pedotheque calcination is soil organic matter content with the ratio of pedotheque original dry weight.
3. a kind of quick selection of land in notoginseng planting region according to claim 1 method it is characterised in that：Described B class ground
The soil weight of block is 0.6g/cm3～0.8g/cm3, the viscous ratio of powder is 0.5～0.8, and pH value is 5.5～7.0.
4. a kind of quick selection of land in notoginseng planting region according to claim 1 method it is characterised in that：Described C class ground
Block is the plot of upland grain and industrial crops crop rotation.
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| CN110317894A (en) * | 2018-03-29 | 2019-10-11 | 深圳市华大农业应用研究院 | With the SNP marker and its application of the total root weight close linkage of Radix Notoginseng |
| CN116167630A (en) * | 2023-04-19 | 2023-05-26 | 昆明理工大学 | Computer automatic identification method for selecting pseudo-ginseng rotation suitability land block |
| CN116167630B (en) * | 2023-04-19 | 2023-06-27 | 昆明理工大学 | Computer automatic identification method for selecting pseudo-ginseng rotation suitability land block |
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