CN106376397A - Method of controlling weeds in no-tillage dry direct seeding paddy rice field - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a method of controlling weeds in a no-tillage dry direct seeding paddy rice field. The method comprises steps of dry-spreading paddy rice seeds before wheat harvest, stubble cleaning with glufosinate-ammonium mixed with water after wheat harvest, watering three days after glufosinate-ammonium is sprayed until straws are fully immersed into water, and irrigating and conducting high-yield cultivation management after field water naturally dries and two-leave period after paddy rice sprouts out. The wheat is harvested with stubble height of 15 to 18cm; and after the wheat is harvested, wheat straws are smashed and evenly scattered into the field. Weed growth in the dry direct seeding paddy rice field can be effectively controlled; comprehensive field weed controlling rate can reach 90% above, and direct seeding paddy rice weeds can be effectively controlled via one time stubble cleaning work, so paddy rice growth can ripe early and output of dry direct seeding paddy rice can be improved; fertilizer use can be reduced by over 20%; glufosinate-ammonium with concentration of 20% is utilized for once, so fertilizer use times can be reduced by one to two times compared with a common direct seeding paddy rice field weed eliminating method; and chemical pesticide use for weed elimination can be reduced by over 50% compared with a common weed elimination method.

Description

A kind of method controlling no-tillage dry direct-seeding rice weeds in paddy field

Technical field

The present invention relates to agricultural plantation technology field, a kind of specifically side controlling no-tillage dry direct-seeding rice weeds in paddy field Method.

Background technology

Direct-seeding Rice is a kind of ancient rice cropping mode evidence, and history records are recorded, and China Oryza sativa L. is initially using live kind Plant mode, has arrived Han dynasty's ability invention culturing and transplanting seedlings.From the earliest history having had thousand of years using direct sowing culture so far.20th century After the fifties, the drought that North, Northeast China area still carry over different cultivation management modes plants rice, and one kind is the seedling stage drought long later stage Water pipe cultivation planted by water pipe, referred to as drought；Another kind is dry planting and dry administration, referred to as dry farming cultivation, and both modes are all to adopt direct-sowing dry Cultivation.20 century 70s, in order to tackle the situation of serious water shortage, the Ministry of Agriculture widelys popularize Dry seeded rice technology in the north, pushes away Wide area once reached 200,000 hm².After entering the nineties in 20th century, Rice Production target by devoting exclusive attention to output merely, gradually to fall Low production cost, direction of increasing economic efficiency change, and Rice Production occurs in that and changes to the direction being managed on a fairly large scale.This Under situation, direct seading rice with throwing-seedling cultivation and Herba Oryzae Reproductii etc. together as simplified cultivation technology again on some economically developed ground Area rises.

Dry direct-seeding rice is sowed seeds using dry due to sowing, and weeds and Oryza sativa L. symbiosis phase are long, careless seedlings little, to miscellaneous more in the field Careless prevention and control bring huge pressure.Using " envelope, two kill, three benefits " more than existing dry seeded rice field weeds control, specifically exist Oryza sativa L. is broadcast rear before seedling and adopts soil to close chemicals treatment, carries out first time cauline leaf process for the gone out weeds in field after closing, Chemical control is carried out for weeds remaining after cauline leaf process or manually pulls out.

China is subject to up to 12.3 hundred million mu of the crop area of weeds serious harm, wherein Yangtze river basin Oryza sativa L. 482.4 throughout the year Ten thousand hectares, chemical weed control has become the important component part of China's agricultural modernization, recently as the expansion of chemical weed control area The fast development of big and chemical weed control, herbicide resistance problem is also on the rise, according to the literature：China Oryza sativa L. main producing region Weeds have produced resistance, Yangtze river basin rice region barnyard grass pair to butachlor, benthiocarb, molinate and other chloroacetanilide herbicides The Drug resistance of dichloro quinolinic acid has reached high water resistant and has put down, and under Zhejiang Tao Yan and the pool, the resistant multiple in area is up to 718.48 Hes 695.84, lead to dichloro quinolinic acid that these regional barnyard grasses were lost efficacy；The short Rhizoma sagittariae sagittifoliae in rice field, Monochoria korsakowii are to bensulfuron-methyl and pyrazosulfuron Drug resistance substantially increase, resistant weed population, in the expansion that spreads of China, not only directly affects the yield and quality of crop, and And the indirect important pest and disease damage propagating crop, threaten safety in production, the pollution of ecological environment of Oryza sativa L., highly shortened existing removing The service life of careless agent kind, increased the cost of China's chemistry of pesticide enterprise development herbicide, therefore, reduces rice terrace resistance Weed encroachment has great importance to guarantee China grain security.

China has made intensive studies to the harm of weeds and its chemical harnessing technology, and achievement in research is widely used to lead Want the preventing and treating of crop field weed.But due to the chemical herbicide that life-time service kind is limited, result in Herbicide-resistant weeds population, Cross resistance and the occurrence and development of multiresistance weeds, administer to the green of crop field weed at this stage and bring great difficulty. The correlational study of China antagonism weeds monitoring at present and Treatment process is substantially not enough, and agricultural production lacks effectively to be instructed, and controls Reason is backward in technique, is mainly reflected in：(1) to most of resistant weed, popular infestation regularity lacks systematic study, new improvement skill Art under-reserve；(2) resistant weed early warning technological lag, especially plantlet stage lack quickly effectively, light simple row Detection technique.Meanwhile, antagonism weeds also lack effective surveillance and control measure and means；(3) Treatment process of existing resistant weed Integrated and optimize not enough, fail to build the effective Treatment process system for key resistance weeds；(4) over nearly 20 years, the world Each pesticide company one new herbicide kind of unsuccessful exploitation, lack can effective control resistant weed herbicide new varieties； (5) the Mechanism Study deficiency that antagonism weeds are formed is it is difficult to find new improvement point of penetration；(6) biotechnology, information technology etc. Utilization in resistant weed control for the modern advanced also rests on theoretical research stage, also has one section from practical application Distance；(7) China peasant lacks resistant weed monitoring and self-governance ability, can not " grass be put in poison " aborning, weight " controlling " Gently " prevent ", abuse, abuse, to be excessively used the phenomenons such as chemical herbicide very universal.This was proposed in 2015 with the Chinese government will be Two " zero " that " 13 " realize pesticide and fertilizer increases and disagrees, and searches out and a kind of properly effectively controls weeds in field Method is also an important link during rice weed prevention and control produce.This safety in production to protection China crop, subtracts for agricultural Calamity and increasing peasant income, grain security, ecological safety and social stability for ensureing China provide technical support.

Content of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is the problem existing for above-mentioned technology, provides a kind of control no-tillage dry direct-seeding rice weeds in paddy field Method, the inventive method can reduce the use of dry seeded rice field chemical pesticide, reduce the production cost of dry seeded rice field.

For achieving the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention is：A kind of no-tillage direct-sowing dry paddy rice field weeds of control Method, step includes：

(1), 0-2 days before little wheat harvesting, dry spread rice seed, application rate be 6kg-12kg；

(2), Semen Tritici aestivi is gathered in for 15-20cm by the height for the stubble left, and after harvesting, wheat stalk is uniformly spread on field after pulverizing；

(3), 1-2 days after little wheat harvesting, it is watered 20-30L stubble-cleaning by glufosinate-ammonium AS that 100ml mass concentration is 20%；

(4) spray the after glufosinate-ammonium the 3rd day and pour water, straw is completely soaked by water and is defined；

(5) the 2 leaf phases after field water naturally falls and does to rice seedling, pour water again and carry out high yielding culture of rice management.

Further, in step (2), described harvesting is to be gathered in using crawler-type harvester.

The method have the benefit that：

(1) the inventive method can in effective control dry direct-seeding rice weeds growth, the prevention and control Synthetical prevention to weeds in field Up to more than 90%, it is possible to achieve 1 stubble-cleaning processes effective control direct sowing rice weed, paddy growth ahead of time, improves direct-sowing dry The yield of Oryza sativa L., reduces Fertilizer application more than 20%；

(2) it is 20% glufosinate-ammonium AS1 time only with mass concentration in the inventive method, more conventional direct sowing rice weed is prevented and kill off Method saving times for spraying 1-2 time, more conventional weeding reduces chemical pesticide and applies more than 50%；

(3) in the present invention, wheat stalk all returns field after pulverizing, and can improve the comprehensive utilization ratio of wheat stalk, have simultaneously Improve unexpected effect.

Specific embodiment

Below in conjunction with the embodiment of the present invention, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is clearly and completely described, Obviously, described embodiment is only a part of embodiment of the present invention, rather than whole embodiments.Based in the present invention Embodiment, the every other embodiment that those of ordinary skill in the art are obtained under the premise of not making creative work, all Belong to the scope of protection of the invention.

Embodiment 1

A kind of method controlling no-tillage dry direct-seeding rice weeds in paddy field, step includes：

(1), the little wheat harvesting same day, first LIPIDS OF DRY RICE EMBRYO is sprinkled into field, application rate is 6kg；

(2), Semen Tritici aestivi is gathered in for 15cm by the height for the stubble left, and after harvesting, wheat stalk is uniformly spread on field after pulverizing；

(3), 1 day after little wheat harvesting, it is watered 20L stubble-cleaning by glufosinate-ammonium AS that 100ml mass concentration is 20%；

(4) spray the after 20% glufosinate-ammonium the 3rd day and pour water, straw is completely soaked by water and is defined；

(5) the 2 leaf phases after field water naturally falls and does to rice seedling, pour water again and carry out high yielding culture of rice management.

Embodiment 2

A kind of method controlling no-tillage dry direct-seeding rice weeds in paddy field, step includes：

(1), first 1 day of little wheat harvesting, in Semen Tritici aestivi field, application rate is 8kg to the dry rice seed that spreads；

(2), gathered in for 17cm by the height for the stubble left using crawler-type harvester, after after harvesting, wheat stalk is pulverized uniformly It is spread on field；

(3), 2 days after little wheat harvesting, it is watered 25L stubble-cleaning by glufosinate-ammonium AS that 100ml mass concentration is 20%；

(4) spray the after 20% glufosinate-ammonium the 3rd day and pour water, straw is completely soaked by water and is defined；

(5) the 2 leaf phases after field water naturally falls and does to rice seedling, pour water again and carry out high yielding culture of rice management.

Embodiment 3

A kind of method controlling no-tillage dry direct-seeding rice weeds in paddy field, step includes：

(1), first 2 days of little wheat harvesting, dry spread rice seed, application rate be 12kg；

(2), Semen Tritici aestivi is gathered in for 20cm by the height for the stubble left, and after harvesting, wheat stalk is uniformly spread on field after pulverizing；

(3), 2 days after little wheat harvesting, it is watered 30L stubble-cleaning by glufosinate-ammonium AS that 100ml mass concentration is 20%；

(4) spray the after 20% glufosinate-ammonium the 3rd day and pour water, straw is completely soaked by water and is defined；

(5) the 2 leaf phases after field water naturally falls and does to rice seedling, pour water again and carry out high yielding culture of rice management.

Those skilled in the art of the present technique are appreciated that unless otherwise defined, and all terms used herein (include technology art Language and scientific terminology) there is general understanding identical meaning with the those of ordinary skill in art of the present invention.Also should It is understood by, those terms defined in such as general dictionary should be understood that the meaning having with the context of prior art The consistent meaning of justice, and unless defined as here, will not be explained with idealization or excessively formal implication.

It should be noted last that：Above example is only in order to illustrative and not limiting technical scheme, although ginseng According to above-described embodiment, the present invention is described in detail, it will be apparent to an ordinarily skilled person in the art that：Still can be to this Invention is modified or equivalent, any modification or partial replacement without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and it is equal Should cover in the middle of scope of the presently claimed invention.

Claims (2)

1. a kind of method controlling no-tillage dry direct-seeding rice weeds in paddy field is it is characterised in that step includes：

(1), 0-2 days before little wheat harvesting, dry spread rice seed, application rate be 6-12kg；

(2), Semen Tritici aestivi is gathered in for 15-20cm by the height for the stubble left, and after harvesting, wheat stalk is uniformly spread on field after all pulverizing；

(3), 1-2 days after little wheat harvesting, it is watered 20-30L stubble-cleaning by glufosinate-ammonium AS that 100ml mass concentration is 20%；

(4) pour water within the 3rd day after spraying glufosinate-ammonium, straw is completely soaked by water and is defined；

(5) the 2 leaf phases after field water naturally falls and does to rice seedling, pour water again and carry out high yielding culture of rice management.

2. control the method for no-tillage dry direct-seeding rice weeds in paddy field according to claim 1 it is characterised in that in step (2), institute Stating harvesting is to be gathered in using crawler-type harvester.