CN106363835B - Micro- plastics separation method and device - Google Patents
Micro- plastics separation method and device Download PDFInfo
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- CN106363835B CN106363835B CN201610959719.7A CN201610959719A CN106363835B CN 106363835 B CN106363835 B CN 106363835B CN 201610959719 A CN201610959719 A CN 201610959719A CN 106363835 B CN106363835 B CN 106363835B
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- micro
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- filter membrane
- density
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
- B29B17/02—Separating plastics from other materials
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03B—SEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
- B03B5/00—Washing granular, powdered or lumpy materials; Wet separating
- B03B5/28—Washing granular, powdered or lumpy materials; Wet separating by sink-float separation
- B03B5/30—Washing granular, powdered or lumpy materials; Wet separating by sink-float separation using heavy liquids or suspensions
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
- B29B17/02—Separating plastics from other materials
- B29B2017/0213—Specific separating techniques
- B29B2017/0217—Mechanical separating techniques; devices therefor
- B29B2017/0237—Mechanical separating techniques; devices therefor using density difference
- B29B2017/0244—Mechanical separating techniques; devices therefor using density difference in liquids
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/62—Plastics recycling; Rubber recycling
Abstract
The invention belongs to field of solid waste treating technology, it is related to a kind of micro- plastics separation method and device, micro- plastics separation method includes：1）Acquire the deposit of field natural water；2）Low temperature drying or freeze-drying are carried out to the deposit of field natural water, obtain pending sample；3）It is sufficiently stirred after density solution is added in pending sample, until pending sample is suspended in density solution completely, is divided into non-precipitating layer and the beds of precipitation after standing from top to bottom；4）It extracts non-precipitating layer and non-precipitating layer is passed through into filter membrane；Liquid after filter membrane is reused；By micro- plastic grain in the including but not limited to deposit of field natural water of filter membrane isolation.The present invention provides a kind of separation methods and device of the micro- plastic pollution object that can quickly and effectively come out micro- plastic grain separation and Extraction in deposit in the water bodys such as rivers and lakes.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of solid waste treating technology, it is related to a kind of micro- plastics separation method and device, especially relates to
And a kind of separation method and device of plastic pollution object micro- suitable for the deposit of the water bodys such as rivers and lakes.
Background technology
With the production and use of plastic product, plastic garbage as a kind of pollutant being widely present in environment, by
Gradually attract people's attention.However, plastics can exist in the environment for a long time since it is difficult to the attribute degraded, including from
Right water body and soil, this makes this hazards of pollutants greatly reinforce.Micro- plastics refer to the plastics that diameter is less than 5 millimeters
Grain, it be typically by bulky grain plastic garbage decompose from, while can also result from the additive in personal care articles with
And Commercial pellet raw material.And more common source also has the washes of chemical fibre clothes to discharge.Common micro- plastic grain can be by
The a variety of materials such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, polyurethane, makrolon and nylon form.Micro- plastics
The propagation of light in water body can be hindered, and in the presence of the toxic additive contained in plastics is in the form of micro- plastics, it is easier to it releases
It is put into environment, to cause damages to the biology in environment, also threatens the health and safety of the ecosystem.This plastics slightly
Some density of particle are more than 1, some density are less than 1.Density is more than 1 micro- plastics, and deposit will be deposited to after entering water body
In；Density may also sink under water after being less than 1 micro- plastics its surface attached microbials.This plastic pollution object slightly may be by
Zoobenthos is eaten by mistake, to generate threat to benthon.And the aquatile for having eaten micro- plastics by mistake can be brought disaster upon by food chain
And human health.Therefore, micro- plastics become the research hotspot of current scientist.However, for micro- plastic grain in deposit,
Because its diameter is small, it is difficult to collect, there is no particularly preferred method and apparatus now to detach.
Invention content
Purpose of the present invention is to the blank of defect and the prior art for existing method and device, and then provide a kind of energy
Point for micro- plastic pollution object that quickly and effectively micro- plastic grain separation and Extraction in deposit in the water bodys such as rivers and lakes is come out
From method and device.
To achieve the goals above, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that：
A kind of micro- plastics separation method, it is characterised in that：Micro- plastics separation method includes the following steps：
1) deposit of field natural water is acquired；
2) deposit of the field natural water collected to step 1) carries out low temperature drying or freeze-drying, obtains waiting locating
Manage sample；The temperature of the low temperature drying is not more than 60 DEG C；
3) it is sufficiently stirred after density solution being added in the obtained pending sample of step 2), until in step 2)
Pending sample be suspended in density solution completely, non-precipitating layer and the beds of precipitation are divided into after standing from top to bottom；Institute
The density for stating density solution is that the density of the micro- plastics detached as needed determines；The density of the density solution is not less than
1.5g/cm3；
4) it extracts non-precipitating layer and non-precipitating layer is passed through into filter membrane；Liquid after filter membrane repeats step 3) and uses；Quilt
Filter membrane isolation substance include but not limited to field natural water deposit in micro- plastic grain.
Preferably, the solute of density solution of the present invention is one in sodium iodide, zinc chloride and potassium formate
Kind or combination.
Preferably, filter membrane of the present invention is glass fiber filter.
Preferably, the aperture of filter membrane of the present invention is determined according to the diameter of micro- plastic grain to be separated
's.
Preferably, micro- plastics separation method of the present invention further includes after step 4)：
5) deposition for the including but not limited to field natural water being isolated by filter membrane by naked eyes or Stereo microscope observation
Micro- plastic grain in object.
A kind of device for foregoing micro- plastics separation method, it is characterised in that：Described device includes upper column
Body, lower column, gate valve, blender and filter membrane；The upper column and lower column are successively set on from top to bottom
It is connected into together and jointly cylindrical body；The upper column is identical as the lower internal diameter of column；Filling needs inside the cylindrical body
Handle the deposit and density solution of field natural water；Pending field inside the blender stirring tubular body is natural
The deposit and density solution of water body；The gate valve is placed between column and lower column and for being isolated or penetrating through
Upper column and lower column；When upper column is isolated with lower column in gate valve, the liquid in the upper column flows through
To filter membrane.
Preferably, gate valve of the present invention includes plate, connecting rod and handle；The handle passes through connection
Bar is connected with plate and plate is driven to stretch into or exit between upper column and lower column.
Preferably, filter membrane of the present invention is glass fiber filter；The aperture of the filter membrane is according to be separated
Micro- plastic grain diameter determine.
Preferably, blender of the present invention is built-in blender or external blender.
Preferably, when blender of the present invention is built-in blender, the blender includes paddle, electricity
Machine, pedestal and montant；The montant is placed on pedestal；The pedestal is placed in outside cylindrical body；The motor is placed on montant
And it is connected with paddle；The motor driving paddle rotation；When the blender is external blender, the blender is
Magnetic stirring apparatus.
It is an advantage of the invention that：
The present invention provides a kind of separation methods and device of micro- plastic pollution object, and wherein this method is to acquire field certainly
Low temperature drying or freeze-drying are carried out after the deposit of right water body, obtains pending sample；It will be added in obtained pending sample
It is sufficiently stirred after density solution, until pending sample is suspended in density solution completely, after standing from top to bottom successively
It is divided into non-precipitating layer and the beds of precipitation；It extracts non-precipitating layer and non-precipitating layer is passed through into filter membrane；Liquid after filter membrane repeats
It uses；By filter membrane be isolated substance include but not limited to field natural water deposit in micro- plastic grain, specifically, this
Invention has the following advantages that：
1) separative efficiency is high, processing time is short.The density that the density solution that the present invention utilizes can will mix in deposit
Lighter micro- plastic grain is suspended into solution upper layer, and heavier deposit is still in solution bottom, to reach the mesh of separation
's.It is compared to the process for visually observing and selecting, the processing time of separation is substantially shorter using the present apparatus, also reduces separation
Difficulty.
2) device is simple, easy to operate.The present invention is made of column, gate valve and blender three parts, simple in structure.
The solution that proper density is added only is needed, then is stirred, i.e., quickly and easily separates micro- plastic grain in deposit, is
Micro- plastic pollution research provides a kind of suitable device.
3) it is widely used.Poisons in freshwater deposit, marine sediment etc. are suitable for the present apparatus, and by adjusting solution
Density, it can be achieved that detaching micro- plastic grain of various density.
4) experiment density solution recoverable.Used density solution can realize recycling by operations such as filterings
It utilizes, use cost can be reduced.
Description of the drawings
This illustrates provided picture and is used for assisting a further understanding of the present invention, and one as the present patent application
Part does not constitute improper limitations of the present invention：
Fig. 1 is the operating process schematic diagram of micro- plastics separation method provided by the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the structural schematic diagram of micro- plastic selector provided by the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the preferred construction schematic diagram of micro- plastic selector provided by the present invention；
Fig. 4 is CONCENTRATION DENSITY curve proposed by the invention；
Wherein：
The upper columns of 1-；2- gate valves；Column under 3-；4- paddles；5- plates；6- connecting rods；7- handles；8- electricity
Machine；9- montants；10- pedestals.
Specific implementation mode
Referring to Fig. 1, the present invention provides a kind of micro- plastics separation method, which includes the following steps：
1) deposit of field natural water is acquired；
2) deposit of the field natural water collected to step 1) carries out low temperature drying or freeze-drying, obtains waiting locating
Manage sample；The temperature of low temperature drying is not more than 60 DEG C；
3) it is sufficiently stirred after density solution being added in the obtained pending sample of step 2), until in step 2)
Pending sample be suspended in density solution completely, non-precipitating layer and the beds of precipitation are divided into after standing from top to bottom；It is close
The solute of degree solution is one kind or combination in sodium iodide, zinc chloride and potassium formate.Density solution is big using density, dissolubility
The solutes such as good sodium iodide, zinc chloride or potassium formate, using water as solvent.According to the density for measuring solute various concentration solution, system
Make a concentration and density curve, the solution of required density is prepared with this.Under density solution effect, micro- plastic grain can float
Float on liquid level surface layer, and deposit sinks to solution bottom, has the function that separation.Wherein, density solution according to CONCENTRATION DENSITY
Curve (referring to Fig. 4) is prepared, wherein abscissa is the concentration of solvent, and ordinate is the density of solution, selects to need close
Degree substitutes into curve equation, you can obtain preparing the solution concentration of the density.Solute is potassium formate in Fig. 4, meanwhile, the choosing of solute
It selects and is not limited to potassium formate, sodium iodide and zinc chloride can also serve as the solute of density solution.
4) it extracts non-precipitating layer and non-precipitating layer is passed through into filter membrane；Liquid after filter membrane repeats step 3) and uses；Quilt
Filter membrane isolation substance include but not limited to field natural water deposit in micro- plastic grain.Filter membrane is glass fibre filter
Film, the aperture of filter membrane are determined according to the diameter of micro- plastic grain to be separated.
5) deposition for the including but not limited to field natural water being isolated by filter membrane by naked eyes or Stereo microscope observation
Micro- plastic grain in object；
Referring to Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, the present invention additionally provides a kind of micro- modeling while providing above-mentioned micro- plastics separation method
Material separating device, device include upper column 1, lower column 3, gate valve 2, blender and filter membrane；Upper column 1 and under
Column 3 sets gradually together and is connected into cylindrical body jointly from top to bottom；Upper column 1 is identical as the internal diameter of lower column 3；
The deposit and density solution of field natural water to be handled are filled inside cylindrical body；Blender stirs inside tubular body
The deposit and density solution of pending field natural water；Gate valve 2 is placed between column 1 and lower column 3 simultaneously
For being isolated or penetrating through upper column 1 and lower column 3；When upper column 1 is isolated with lower column 3 in gate valve 2, upper column
Liquid in body 1 is flowed through to filter membrane.Valve among column can be gate valve, can also be other kinds of valve.
Gate valve 2 includes plate 5, connecting rod 6 and handle 7；Handle 7 is connected with plate 5 by connecting rod 6 and is driven slotting
Plate 5 is stretched into or is exited between column 1 and lower column 3.Gate valve 2 can be detached with lower column 3, can easily be removed down
The deposit to get off is deposited in column 3.
Filter membrane is glass fiber filter；The aperture of filter membrane is determined according to the diameter of micro- plastic grain to be separated.
Blender is built-in blender or external blender；When blender is built-in blender, blender includes
Paddle 4, motor 8, pedestal 10 and montant 9；Montant 9 is placed on pedestal 10；Pedestal 10 is placed in outside cylindrical body；Motor 8 is set
It is connected on montant 9 and with paddle 4；Motor 8 drives paddle 4 to rotate；When blender is external blender, blender is
Magnetic stirring apparatus or motor-driven blender.
Micro- plastic selector provided by the present invention quickly and effectively can utilize certain density solution will be micro- in deposit
Plastic grain separation and Extraction comes out.
Embodiment one：
Referring to Fig. 1, the present invention provides a kind of separation methods of micro- plastic pollution object, first pre-treatment deposit, pass through
Drying (<60 DEG C) or the sediment sample of frozen dried be packed into column bottom, and it is 1.5g/cm that density, which is added,3Density it is molten
Liquid (density can be adjusted separately as needed).At this point, gate valve is in the open state.Blender is opened, by deposit and density
Solution stirs and appropriate more stirring a period of times (30 minutes), removes external blender at this time.By solution left standstill
24 hours.Gate valve is closed, lower part column is detached with gate valve, removes the deposit of bottom.It will be upper with Suction filtration device
Solution in part cylindrical body and the micro- plastic grain for floating on liquid level upper layer are filtered on glass fiber filter.Naked eyes are borrowed
Help micro- plastic grain on Stereo microscope observation filter membrane.
Embodiment two：
The devices of micro- plastics is detached from deposit as shown in Fig. 2, the present invention provides a kind of.Wherein, upper column 1 with
The equal 15cm of height of lower column 3, the equal 10cm of diameter, intermediate connections are gate valve 2, and paddle 4 and and paddle are arranged at bottom
Connected motor 8.Upper column 1 is spliced into a column jointly with lower column 3, and the effect of column is to provide an appearance
Receive the container of deposit and density solution；The effect of built-in blender is to provide mixing power, makes deposit and density solution can be with
The micro- plastic grain for being sufficiently mixed, and making density smaller can gradually float on solution upper layer；The effect of gate valve 2 is in solution left standstill
After stabilization, upper solution and seabed sediment are separated, recycles the activity of gate valve 2 and column, removes bottom,
Retain top solution, and then subsequent processing is facilitated to float on micro- plastic grain on upper layer.
Embodiment three：
Referring to Fig. 3, the device provided by the present invention that micro- plastics are detached from deposit.To increase single treatment amount, column
The volume of shape body can increase upper column 1 and lower column 3, and separated micro- plastic density is less than 1.7g/cm3, at single
Reason amount is preferred with that can be sufficiently mixed deposit with density solution, then the volume of deposit is no more than lower part column volume
50%；Density solution, and turn on agitator is added.Blender uses external metal agitator, which includes pedestal
10, montant 9, motor 8 and paddle 4；Montant 9 is arranged on pedestal 10；Motor 8 is arranged on montant 9；Motor 8 and stirring
Leaf 4 is connected and paddle 4 is driven to rotate；Rotating speed should be first slow rear fast, until deposit is stirred completely, and and density solution
Contact 30min or more.It operates before this, plate 5 is in an open state.Wait for that solution left standstill is stayed overnight, deposit fully precipitates, and micro- plastics fill
Divide floating, then closes gate valve 2, unload lower column 3.By the solution in upper column 1 by filter membrane, micro- plastics are concentrated in
On filter membrane, realize that micro- plastics achieve the purpose that detach with deposit.
It should be noted that the present invention outside above several basic modes, can also pass through change column junction
Valve changes the material of different parts, changes the approach such as the agitating mode of blender to realize micro- plastics in separation deposit
Purpose, these are all protection scope of the present invention, and the above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical solutions of the present invention rather than to this hair
The limitation of bright protection domain, although being explained in detail to the present invention with reference to preferred embodiment, those skilled in the art
It should be appreciated that can be modified or replaced equivalently to technical scheme of the present invention, without departing from technical solution of the present invention
Spirit and scope.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of micro- plastics separation method, it is characterised in that：Micro- plastics separation method includes the following steps：
1）Acquire the deposit of field natural water；
2）To step 1）The deposit of the field natural water collected carries out low temperature drying or freeze-drying, obtains pending sample
Product；The temperature of the low temperature drying is not more than 60 DEG C；
3）In step 2）It is added in density solution postposition plastic selector in a subtle way and is carried out fully in obtained pending sample
Stirring, until step 2）In pending sample be suspended in density solution completely, it is non-heavy to be divided into from top to bottom after standing
Shallow lake layer and the beds of precipitation；The density of the density solution is that the density of the micro- plastics detached as needed determines；The density is molten
The density of liquid is not less than 1.5g/cm3；
The solute of the density solution is potassium formate；Micro- plastic selector includes upper column（1）, lower column（3）、
Gate valve（2）, blender and filter membrane；The upper column（1）And lower column（3）It sets gradually from top to bottom together
And it is connected into cylindrical body jointly；The upper column（1）With lower column（3）Internal diameter it is identical；It is filled with inside the cylindrical body
Pending sample and density solution；Pending sample and density solution inside the blender stirring tubular body；It is described
Gate valve（2）It is placed in column（1）With lower column（3）Between and for being isolated or penetrate through column（1）With lower column
Body（3）；Work as gate valve（2）Column in isolation（1）With lower column（3）When, the upper column（1）In liquid flow through to
Filter membrane；The gate valve（2）Including plate（5）, connecting rod（6）And handle（7）；The handle（7）Pass through connecting rod（6）With
Plate（5）It is connected and drives plate（5）Stretch into or exit column（1）With lower column（3）Between；The blender is interior
Set formula blender or external blender；When the blender is built-in blender, the blender includes paddle（4）、
Motor（8）, pedestal（10）And montant（9）；The montant（9）It is placed in pedestal（10）On；The pedestal（10）It is placed in cylindrical body
It is external；The motor（8）It is placed in montant（9）Upper and and paddle（4）It is connected；The motor（8）Drive paddle（4）Rotation；
When the blender is external blender, the blender is magnetic stirring apparatus
4）It extracts non-precipitating layer and non-precipitating layer is passed through into filter membrane；Liquid after filter membrane repeats step 3）It uses；By filter membrane
The substance of isolation include but not limited to field natural water deposit in micro- plastic grain；The filter membrane is glass fibre filter
Film.
2. micro- plastics separation method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The aperture of the filter membrane is according to be separated
Micro- plastic grain diameter determine.
3. micro- plastics separation method according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that：Micro- plastics separation method is in step
Rapid 4）Further include later：
5）In the including but not limited to deposit of field natural water being isolated by filter membrane by naked eyes or Stereo microscope observation
Micro- plastic grain.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610959719.7A CN106363835B (en) | 2016-10-27 | 2016-10-27 | Micro- plastics separation method and device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610959719.7A CN106363835B (en) | 2016-10-27 | 2016-10-27 | Micro- plastics separation method and device |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN106363835A CN106363835A (en) | 2017-02-01 |
| CN106363835B true CN106363835B (en) | 2018-10-12 |
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| CN201488903U (en) * | 2009-09-01 | 2010-05-26 | 河南理工大学 | Activation index determinator |
| CN104646408B (en) * | 2014-10-16 | 2017-08-29 | 中山大学 | The separator and separation method of polymer in soil |
| CN206106152U (en) * | 2016-10-27 | 2017-04-19 | 中国科学院水生生物研究所 | Little plastics separator |
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