CN109682654B - Extraction device and extraction method for micro-plastic in soil - Google Patents
Extraction device and extraction method for micro-plastic in soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN109682654B CN109682654B CN201811558281.7A CN201811558281A CN109682654B CN 109682654 B CN109682654 B CN 109682654B CN 201811558281 A CN201811558281 A CN 201811558281A CN 109682654 B CN109682654 B CN 109682654B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03D—FLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
- B03D1/00—Flotation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
Abstract
The invention provides a device and a method for extracting micro-plastics in soil, wherein the device comprises a separation tank, a liquid storage tank and a liquid return tank, wherein a liquid inlet pipe is arranged between the liquid storage tank and the separation tank, a liquid outlet pipe is arranged between the liquid return tank and the liquid storage tank, peristaltic pumps are arranged on the liquid inlet pipe and the liquid outlet pipe, at least one layer of filter assembly is arranged between the separation tank and the liquid return tank, the filter assembly comprises a ring-shaped screen and a filter membrane, the filter membrane is arranged on the ring-shaped screen, and a stirrer is arranged at the bottom of the separation tank; the invention can suspend the light density micro plastic particles mixed in the soil on the upper layer of the solution, namely the non-precipitation layer, and the heavy sediment is still on the bottom layer of the solution, namely the precipitation layer, then the solution in the separation tank overflows by continuously adding the flotation solution, and the micro plastic particles suspended on the non-precipitation layer overflow to the filter screen along with the solution and are isolated by the filter membrane on the filter screen, thereby achieving the purpose of separation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of solid waste treatment, in particular to a device and a method for extracting micro-plastics in soil.
Background
The advent of plastics has changed our lifestyle. Because of the advantages of the material, such as the material can be used in a large temperature range, the material has low thermal conductivity, large strength-to-weight ratio, biological inertia, durability and the like, the material is widely applied all over the world, plastic products appear in the aspects of human life from household products to personal hygiene products, from clothes and packaging to building materials, and the world plastic yield shows an exponential growth trend from 500 trillion in the 50 th century to 3.22 ton in the 2016 since the 20 th century and the 50 th century are put into mass production due to the wide use of the material.
While enjoying plastic products to facilitate life, people are becoming increasingly aware of the environmental hazards posed by such materials. A recent study published in the journal of science 2015 calculates the total amount of plastic waste discharged from land into the ocean 2010, and the result shows that a total of 192 coastal countries discharge 480 plus-1270 ten thousand tons of plastic waste into the ocean environment. After disintegration of plastic products in terrestrial and aquatic environments, tens of thousands of micro plastic particles are finally formed. The micro plastic is plastic granules, micro fibers, plastic particles, foamed plastic or thin films and the like with the size of 0.2-5.0 mm, and is an increasing new pollutant in the environment.
The pollution and harm of micro plastic in water environment have attracted the attention of scientific community, and many scholars have made a great deal of scientific research in recent years. At present, the research on micro plastic pollution at home and abroad is mainly focused on the marine environment, but the related research on the micro plastic pollution of soil is very little. Therefore, related researches on soil micro-plastics still have no efficient and accurate method for separating the soil micro-plastics from the soil, which seriously restricts the deep development of researches on micro-plastic pollution. At present, a simple and efficient extraction method of soil micro-plastics is urgently needed to be searched, and a foundation method is provided for the deep research of soil micro-plastic pollution.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a device and a method for continuously extracting micro-plastic in soil, which have simple structure and high separation efficiency.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a device for extracting micro-plastics in soil comprises a separation tank, a liquid storage tank and a liquid return tank, wherein a liquid inlet pipe is arranged between the liquid storage tank and the separation tank, a liquid outlet pipe is arranged between the liquid return tank and the liquid storage tank, peristaltic pumps are arranged on the liquid inlet pipe and the liquid outlet pipe, the peristaltic pumps are multi-channel peristaltic pumps, at least one layer of filter assembly is arranged between the separation tank and the liquid return tank, the filter assembly comprises a ring-shaped screen and a filter membrane, and the filter membrane is arranged on the ring-shaped screen; the bottom of the separation tank is provided with a stirrer, and the stirrer is connected to a motor.
Further, the separation tank comprises an upper round table and a lower round table, the top surface of the upper round table is large, the bottom surface of the upper round table is small, the top surface of the lower round table is small, the bottom surface of the lower round table is large, and the upper round table is in threaded connection with the lower round table.
Furthermore, the upper round table is sleeved in the liquid return pool, and the top surface of the upper round table is lower than that of the liquid return pool; the liquid outlet of the liquid inlet pipe is positioned at one quarter to three quarters of the height of the upper round platform; the filter membrane is a glass fiber filter membrane.
Furthermore, the bottom surface of the liquid return pool is an inclined surface, and the included angle between the bottom surface of the liquid return pool and the horizontal plane is 15-45 degrees.
Furthermore, the filtering component is a layer, the outer wall of the upper part of the separation tank is provided with a circular column, the filtering component is lapped between the circular column and the liquid return tank through a lapping component, the lapping component comprises a first fixing strip and a second fixing strip, the first fixing strip is uniformly distributed on the outer wall of the circular column, the second fixing strip is uniformly distributed on the inner wall of the liquid return tank, and the first fixing strip and the second fixing strip are positioned on the same horizontal plane; the ring-shaped screen is placed on the first fixing strip and the second fixing strip.
Furthermore, the filtering assemblies are two layers, the two layers of filtering assemblies are distributed up and down, the outer wall of the upper part of the separation tank is provided with a circular column, each layer of filtering assembly is lapped between the circular column and the liquid return tank through a lapping assembly, the lapping assembly comprises a first fixing strip and a second fixing strip, the first fixing strip is uniformly distributed on the outer wall of the circular column, the second fixing strip is uniformly distributed on the inner wall of the liquid return tank, and the first fixing strip and the second fixing strip are positioned on the same horizontal plane; the annular screen is provided with a notch for the first fixing strip and the second fixing strip to pass through, and the annular screen is placed on the first fixing strip and the second fixing strip.
Further, first fixed strip setting is in the outer wall of ring post and with the ring post structure of rotating and being connected be: the outer wall of the circular column is provided with a groove, the bottom of the groove is provided with a first rotating shaft, the side wall of the groove is provided with a first baffle, and the lower part of the first fixing strip is sleeved outside the first rotating shaft; the second fixed strip sets up in the inner wall of returning the liquid pond and with return the liquid pond and rotate the structure of being connected and do: a groove is formed in the inner wall of the liquid return pool, a second rotating shaft is arranged at the bottom of the groove, a second baffle is arranged on the side wall of the groove, and the lower part of the second fixing strip is sleeved outside the second rotating shaft; the cross-section of the ring-shaped screen is U-shaped, the filter membrane is placed in the middle of the ring-shaped screen, and the height of the side wall of the ring-shaped screen is higher than the highest position of the groove in the outer wall of the ring column and the highest position of the groove in the inner wall of the liquid return pool.
The extraction method of the extraction device for the micro-plastics in the soil comprises the following steps:
step 1: sampling: collecting soil in a polluted area;
step 2: pretreatment: removing impurities from the soil sample collected in the step 1, and then air-drying to obtain a sample to be processed;
and step 3: flotation: adding the sample to be treated obtained in the step 2 into a separation tank, adding a flotation solution, starting a motor to drive a stirrer to stir uniformly, and standing for 2 minutes until the sample to be treated is divided into an upper non-precipitation layer and a lower precipitation layer, wherein the non-precipitation layer contains micro plastic particles;
and 4, step 4: and (3) filtering: adding flotation solution into a liquid storage tank, starting a peristaltic pump to introduce the flotation solution into a non-precipitation layer in a separation tank through a liquid inlet pipe, enabling liquid in the non-precipitation layer to overflow from the separation tank and be filtered through a filter membrane, enabling the filtered flotation solution to flow into a liquid return tank and be pumped back into the liquid storage tank through the peristaltic pump for reuse, and blocking micro plastic particles and other solid particles on the filter membrane;
and 5: cleaning: distilled water is added into the separation tank, and the separation tank, the liquid return tank and the separated micro plastic particles are cleaned by water flow generated by rotation of the stirrer.
Further, the flotation solution added in step 3 accounts for three-quarters of the volume of the separation cell; the density of the flotation solution is not less than 1.5 g/cm3(ii) a The solute of the flotation solution is one or more of zinc chloride, zinc iodide, sodium chloride or sodium iodide.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) high separation effect and short treatment time. The invention can suspend the light density micro plastic particles mixed in the soil on the upper layer of the solution, namely the non-precipitation layer, and the heavy sediment is still on the bottom layer of the solution, namely the precipitation layer, then the solution in the separation tank overflows by continuously adding the flotation solution, and the micro plastic particles suspended on the non-precipitation layer overflow to the annular screen along with the solution and are isolated by the filter membrane on the annular screen, thereby achieving the purpose of separation.
(2) The labor is saved. According to the invention, the collected soil is added into the separation tank, three quarters of the flotation solution is added into the separation tank, and the peristaltic pump is started, so that the device can operate, micro plastic particles mixed in the soil are separated and extracted, personnel do not need to watch the operation, and the manpower is saved.
(3) The application is wide. The invention is suitable for land soil, fresh water body sediment, ocean sediment and the like, and can realize the separation of micro plastic particles with various densities by adjusting the concentration of the flotation solution. Two filtering components are lapped between the liquid return tank and the separation tank, so that the two membranes have different diameters and can intercept different molecules to separate microparticles.
(4) And resources are saved. The flotation liquid that overflows in the separation tank passes through the filter membrane, and the micro plastic granule is kept apart on the filter membrane, and the flotation liquid flows back the liquid pond after passing through the filter membrane in, and the drain pipe passes through the peristaltic pump and inhales the liquid in the liquid pond that returns and recycles in the liquid storage pot to use cost can be reduced.
(5) The cleaning is convenient. The upper round platform and the lower round platform of the separation tank are in threaded connection, the separated waste soil sample can be poured out by removing the lower round platform, and the stirrer is arranged at the bottom of the separation tank, so that the separation tank is convenient to clean. The bottom surface of the liquid returning pool is an inclined surface, and the included angle between the bottom surface of the liquid returning pool and the horizontal plane is 15-45 degrees, so that the filtered liquid is better gathered at the liquid outlet, the liquid is convenient to discharge, and no liquid retention dead angle exists.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus for extracting micro-plastics from soil according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the structure of a circular screen and a filter membrane of example 1 of an apparatus for extracting microplastic in soil according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the connection of the filtering component of the embodiment 1 of the extraction device for micro-plastics in soil, the separation tank and the liquid return tank;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the connection of the filtering component of the embodiment 2 of the extraction device for micro-plastics in soil of the invention with a separation tank and a liquid return tank;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing the structure of a circular screen of embodiment 2 of an apparatus for extracting micro-plastic from soil according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a partial structure diagram of the connection of the filtering component of the embodiment 3 of the extraction device for micro-plastic in soil, the separation tank and the liquid return tank;
the reference numbers in the drawings are as follows: the device comprises a peristaltic pump 1, a ring-shaped screen 2, a liquid return tank 3, a separation tank 4, a stirrer 5, a liquid outlet pipe 6, a liquid inlet pipe 7, a liquid storage tank 8, a motor 9, a filter membrane 10, a first fixing strip 11, a first rotating shaft 12, a first baffle 13, a second fixing strip 14, a second rotating shaft 15, a second baffle 16 and a circular ring column 17.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and detailed description:
example 1
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, a device for extracting micro-plastics from soil comprises a separation tank 4, a liquid storage tank 8 and a liquid return tank 3, wherein a liquid inlet pipe 7 is arranged between the liquid storage tank 8 and the separation tank 4, a liquid outlet pipe 6 is arranged between the liquid return tank 3 and the liquid storage tank 8, peristaltic pumps 1 are arranged on pipelines of the liquid inlet pipe 7 and the liquid outlet pipe 6, the peristaltic pumps 1 are multi-channel peristaltic pumps 1, a layer of filter assembly is arranged between the separation tank 4 and the liquid return tank 3, the filter assembly comprises a circular screen 2 and a filter membrane 10, and the filter membrane 10 is arranged on the circular screen 2; the bottom of the separation tank 4 is provided with a stirrer 5, and the stirrer 5 is connected to a motor 9. The separation tank 4 comprises an upper round table and a lower round table, the height of the upper round table and the height of the lower round table are both 15cm, the top surface of the upper round table is large, the bottom surface of the upper round table is small, the diameter of the top surface of the upper round table is 10cm, the diameter of the bottom surface of the upper round table is 4cm, the top surface of the lower round table is small, the diameter of the top surface of the upper round table is 4cm, the diameter of the bottom surface of the upper round table is 10cm, the lower round table is a round table with an open top surface and a closed bottom surface, the upper round table is in threaded connection with the lower round table, the height of the threaded connection is 3cm, the upper round table is sleeved in the liquid return tank 3, the top surface of the upper round table is; the bottom surface of the liquid return tank 3 is an inclined surface, the included angle between the bottom surface of the liquid return tank 3 and the horizontal plane is 30 degrees, and the filter membrane 10 is a glass fiber filter membrane.
The outer wall of the upper part of the separation tank 4 is provided with a circular column 17, the filtering component is lapped between the circular column 17 and the liquid return tank 3 through a lapping component (the filtering component, the outer wall of the circular column 17 and the inner wall of the liquid return tank 3 can be sealed through the arrangement of rubber pads and other existing structures), the lapping component comprises a first fixing strip 11 and a second fixing strip 14, the first fixing strip 11 is uniformly distributed on the outer wall of the circular column 17, the second fixing strip 14 is uniformly distributed on the inner wall of the liquid return tank 3, and the first fixing strip 11 and the second fixing strip 14 are positioned on the same horizontal plane; the ring type screen 2 is placed on the first fixing bars 11 and the second fixing bars 14.
When the filter screen is used, the filter membrane 10 and the ring-shaped screen 2 are directly placed on the first fixing strip 11 and the second fixing strip 14, and in order to facilitate the placing and taking out of the ring-shaped screen 2, a pull ring and other components can be arranged on the ring-shaped screen 2.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 1, 4 and 5, the same as embodiment 1 except that: the included angle between the bottom surface of the liquid return tank 3 and the horizontal plane is 45 degrees, the filter assemblies are two layers, the two layers of filter assemblies are distributed up and down, the outer wall of the upper part of the separation tank 4 is provided with a circular column 17, each layer of filter assembly is lapped between the circular column 17 and the liquid return tank 3 through a lapping assembly (the filter assemblies, the outer wall of the circular column 17 and the inner wall of the liquid return tank 3 can be sealed through the arrangement of rubber pads and other existing structures), the lapping assembly comprises a first fixing strip 11 and a second fixing strip 14, the first fixing strip 11 is uniformly distributed on the outer wall of the circular column 17, the second fixing strip 14 is uniformly distributed on the inner wall of the liquid return tank 3, and the first fixing strip 11 and the second fixing strip 14 are positioned on the same horizontal plane; the ring-shaped screen 2 is provided with a gap for the first fixing strip 11 and the second fixing strip 14 to pass through, and the ring-shaped screen 2 is placed on the first fixing strip 11 and the second fixing strip 14.
When the circular screen 2 is used, the notches of the lower circular screen 2 are aligned with the first fixing strips 11 and the second fixing strips 14, the circular screen 2 penetrates through the first fixing strips 11 and the second fixing strips 14 on the upper layer through the notches, then the circular screen 2 is rotated to enable the notches to be staggered with the first fixing strips 11 and the second fixing strips 14 on the lower layer, and the circular screen 2 is placed on the first fixing strips 11 and the second fixing strips 14 on the lower layer. The filter membrane 10 is a flexible member, so that the filter membrane 10 can pass through the first fixing strip 11 and the second fixing strip 14 of the upper layer without providing a notch.
Example 3
As shown in fig. 1 and 6, basically the same as embodiment 1, except that: return the bottom surface in liquid pond 3 and the contained angle of horizontal plane to be 15, filtering component is two-layer, and two-layer filtering component distributes from top to bottom, 4 upper portion outer walls in separation tank set up ring post 17, every layer filtering component passes through overlap joint subassembly overlap joint to ring post 17 and returns between the liquid pond 3 (filtering component and ring post 17 outer wall, return the accessible and set up current structures such as rubber pad between 3 inner walls in liquid pond and realize sealedly), the overlap joint subassembly includes first fixed strip 11 and second fixed strip 14, first fixed strip 11 sets up in the outer wall of ring post 17 and is connected with ring post 17 rotation, and concrete implementation does: the outer wall of the circular column 17 is provided with a groove, the bottom of the groove is provided with a first rotating shaft 12, the side wall of the groove is provided with a first baffle 13, the lower part of the first fixing strip 11 is sleeved outside the first rotating shaft 12, the first fixing strip 11 is positioned at the lower part of the first rotating shaft 12 and is reserved with a section, when the first fixing strip 11 rotates to the horizontal direction, the reserved section of the first fixing strip 11 positioned at the lower part of the first rotating shaft 12 is moved to the lower surface of the first baffle 13 and is blocked by the first baffle 13, so that the first fixing strip 11 can not continuously rotate downwards, and the first fixing strip 11 can only rotate within 90 degrees from horizontal to vertical; the second fixed strip 14 sets up in the inner wall of returning the liquid pond 3 and rotates with returning the liquid pond 3 to be connected, and concrete implementation is: a groove is formed in the inner wall of the liquid return pool 3, a second rotating shaft 15 is arranged at the bottom of the groove, a second baffle 16 is arranged on the side wall of the groove, the lower portion of a second fixing strip 14 is sleeved outside the second rotating shaft 15, a reserved section of the second fixing strip 14 is positioned at the lower portion of the second rotating shaft 15, when the second fixing strip 14 rotates to the horizontal direction, the reserved section of the second fixing strip 14 positioned at the lower portion of the second rotating shaft 15 moves to the lower surface of the second baffle 16 and is blocked by the second baffle 16, the second fixing strip 14 cannot continuously rotate downwards, and the second fixing strip 14 can only rotate within a range of 90 degrees from horizontal to vertical; the first fixing strip 11 and the second fixing strip 14 are positioned on the same horizontal plane; the cross-section of ring type screen cloth 2 sets up to "U" shape, and filter membrane 10 is placed in ring type screen cloth 2 middle part, and ring type screen cloth 2's lateral wall height all is higher than the highest point of the outer wall recess of circular column 17 and the highest point of the inner wall recess of returning the liquid pond 3, guarantees the leakproofness, prevents that solution from revealing the filter effect that leads to from the lateral wall and descend, ring type screen cloth 2 is placed on first fixed strip 11 and second fixed strip 14.
During the use, accomodate the first fixed strip 11 and the second fixed strip 14 on upper strata respectively to the recess of the outer wall of ring post 17 and return in the recess of the inner wall of liquid pond 3, the first fixed strip 11 and the second fixed strip 14 of lower floor are all rotatory to the level, place the ring type screen cloth 2 and the filter membrane 10 of lower floor on the first fixed strip 11 and the second fixed strip 14 of lower floor, then rotate the first fixed strip 11 and the second fixed strip 14 of upper strata to the level, place the ring type screen cloth 2 and the filter membrane 10 of upper strata on the first fixed strip 11 and the second fixed strip 14 of upper strata.
Example 4
The extraction method of the extraction device for the micro-plastic in the soil based on the embodiment 1 comprises the following steps:
step 1: sampling: collecting soil in a polluted area;
step 2: pretreatment: removing impurities from the soil sample collected in the step 1, and then air-drying to obtain a sample to be processed;
and step 3: flotation: adding 500g of the sample to be treated obtained in the step 2 into a separation tank 4, adding a flotation solution with three quarters of the volume of the separation tank 4, wherein the solute of the flotation solution is zinc chloride, the density of the flotation solution is not less than 1.5 g/cm3, turning on a motor 9 to drive a stirrer 5 to stir uniformly, and then standing for 2 minutes until the sample to be treated is divided into an upper non-precipitation layer and a lower precipitation layer, wherein the non-precipitation layer contains micro plastic particles;
and 4, step 4: and (3) filtering: adding flotation solution into a liquid storage tank 8, starting a peristaltic pump 1 to introduce the flotation solution into a non-precipitation layer in a separation tank 4 through a liquid inlet pipe 7, enabling the liquid in the non-precipitation layer to overflow from the separation tank 4 and be filtered through a filter membrane 10, enabling the filtered flotation solution to flow into a liquid return tank 3 and be sucked back into the liquid storage tank 8 through the peristaltic pump 1 for reuse, and blocking micro plastic particles and other solid particles on the filter membrane 10; keeping the device running for 10 minutes, taking out the filter membrane 10, and carrying out subsequent drying, picking and other treatments to finally obtain the micro plastic particles with the required particle size;
and 5: cleaning: the lower round platform is screwed off, sediment in the lower round platform is poured, distilled water is added into the separation tank 4, and the separation tank 4 and the liquid return tank 3 are cleaned by water flow generated by rotation of the stirrer 5.
Example 5
Essentially the same as in example 4, except that the solute of the flotation solution was zinc iodide.
Example 6
Essentially the same as in example 4, except that the solute of the flotation solution was sodium chloride.
Example 7
Essentially the same as in example 4, except that the solute of the flotation solution was sodium iodide.
The above-mentioned embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, so that all equivalent changes and modifications made according to the technical solutions described in the claims of the present invention should be included in the claims of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The extraction device for the micro-plastic in the soil comprises a separation tank (4), a liquid storage tank (8) and a liquid return tank (3), and is characterized in that a liquid inlet pipe (7) is arranged between the liquid storage tank (8) and the separation tank (4), a liquid outlet pipe (6) is arranged between the liquid return tank (3) and the liquid storage tank (8), peristaltic pumps (1) are arranged on pipelines of the liquid inlet pipe (7) and the liquid outlet pipe (6), the peristaltic pumps (1) are multi-channel peristaltic pumps (1), at least one layer of filter assembly is arranged between the separation tank (4) and the liquid return tank (3), the filter assembly comprises a ring-shaped screen (2) and a filter membrane (10), and the filter membrane (10) is arranged on the ring-shaped screen (2); the bottom of the separation tank (4) is provided with a stirrer (5), and the stirrer (5) is connected to a motor (9);
the separation tank (4) comprises an upper round table and a lower round table, the top surface of the upper round table is large, the bottom surface of the upper round table is small, the top surface of the lower round table is small, the bottom surface of the lower round table is large, and the upper round table is in threaded connection with the lower round table;
the upper round table is sleeved in the liquid return pool (3), and the top surface of the upper round table is lower than that of the liquid return pool (3); the liquid outlet of the liquid inlet pipe (7) is positioned at one quarter to three quarters of the height of the upper round platform; the filter membrane (10) is a glass fiber filter membrane;
the bottom surface of the liquid return pool (3) is an inclined surface, and the included angle between the bottom surface of the liquid return pool (3) and the horizontal plane is 15-45 degrees, so that the liquid in the liquid return pool (3) can be sucked into the liquid storage tank (8) for recycling.
2. The extraction device for the micro-plastics in the soil is characterized in that the filtering component is a layer, a circular column (17) is arranged on the outer wall of the upper part of the separation tank (4), the filtering component is overlapped between the circular column (17) and the liquid return tank (3) through an overlapping component, the overlapping component comprises a first fixing strip (11) and a second fixing strip (14), the first fixing strip (11) is uniformly arranged on the outer wall of the circular column (17), the second fixing strip (14) is uniformly arranged on the inner wall of the liquid return tank (3), and the first fixing strip (11) and the second fixing strip (14) are positioned on the same horizontal plane; the ring-shaped screen (2) is placed on the first fixing strip (11) and the second fixing strip (14).
3. The extraction device of the micro-plastic in the soil according to claim 1, wherein the filtering components are two layers, the two layers of filtering components are distributed up and down, the outer wall of the upper part of the separation tank (4) is provided with a circular column (17), each layer of filtering component is overlapped between the circular column (17) and the liquid return tank (3) through an overlapping component, the overlapping component comprises a first fixing strip (11) and a second fixing strip (14), the first fixing strip (11) is uniformly distributed on the outer wall of the circular column (17), the second fixing strip (14) is uniformly distributed on the inner wall of the liquid return tank (3), and the first fixing strip (11) and the second fixing strip (14) are positioned on the same horizontal plane; the annular screen (2) is provided with a notch for the first fixing strip (11) and the second fixing strip (14) to pass through, and the annular screen (2) is placed on the first fixing strip (11) and the second fixing strip (14).
4. The extraction device of the micro-plastic in the soil according to claim 1, wherein the filtering components are two layers, the two layers of filtering components are distributed up and down, the outer wall of the upper part of the separation tank (4) is provided with a circular column (17), each layer of filtering component is overlapped between the circular column (17) and the liquid return tank (3) through an overlapping component, the overlapping component comprises a first fixing strip (11) and a second fixing strip (14), the first fixing strip (11) is arranged in the outer wall of the circular column (17) and is rotationally connected with the circular column (17), the second fixing strip (14) is arranged in the inner wall of the liquid return tank (3) and is rotationally connected with the liquid return tank (3), and the first fixing strip (11) and the second fixing strip (14) are located on the same horizontal plane; the ring-shaped screen (2) is placed on the first fixing strip (11) and the second fixing strip (14).
5. The extraction device for micro-plastic in soil as claimed in claim 4, wherein the first fixing strip (11) is arranged on the outer wall of the circular column (17) and is rotatably connected with the circular column (17) by the following structure: a groove is formed in the outer wall of the circular column (17), a first rotating shaft (12) is arranged at the bottom of the groove, a first baffle (13) is arranged on the side wall of the groove, and the lower part of the first fixing strip (11) is sleeved outside the first rotating shaft (12); the second fixed strip (14) is arranged on the inner wall of the liquid return pool (3) and is rotationally connected with the liquid return pool (3) in a structure that: a groove is formed in the inner wall of the liquid return pool (3), a second rotating shaft (15) is arranged at the bottom of the groove, a second baffle (16) is arranged on the side wall of the groove, and the lower part of the second fixing strip (14) is sleeved outside the second rotating shaft (15); the cross section of the ring-shaped screen (2) is U-shaped, the filter membrane (10) is placed in the middle of the ring-shaped screen (2), and the height of the side wall of the ring-shaped screen (2) is higher than the highest position of the groove in the outer wall of the circular column (17) and the highest position of the groove in the inner wall of the liquid return pool (3).
6. The method for extracting the micro-plastic in the soil by using the device for extracting the micro-plastic in the soil as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: sampling: collecting soil in a polluted area;
step 2: pretreatment: removing impurities from the soil sample collected in the step 1, and then air-drying to obtain a sample to be processed;
and step 3: flotation: adding the sample to be treated obtained in the step 2 into a separation tank (4), adding a flotation solution, turning on a motor (9) to drive a stirrer (5) to stir uniformly, and standing for 2 minutes until the sample to be treated is divided into an upper non-precipitation layer and a lower precipitation layer, wherein the non-precipitation layer contains micro plastic particles;
and 4, step 4: and (3) filtering: adding flotation solution into a liquid storage tank (8), starting a peristaltic pump (1) to introduce the flotation solution into a non-precipitation layer in a separation tank (4) through a liquid inlet pipe (7), enabling liquid in the non-precipitation layer to overflow from the separation tank (4) and be filtered through a filter membrane (10), enabling the filtered flotation solution to flow into a liquid return tank (3) and be sucked back into the liquid storage tank (8) through the peristaltic pump (1) for reuse, and blocking micro plastic particles and other solid particles on the filter membrane (10);
and 5: cleaning: taking out the filter membrane (10), and separating out the micro plastic particles; distilled water is added into the separation tank (4), and the separation tank (4) and the liquid return tank (3) are cleaned by water flow generated by rotation of the stirrer (5).
7. The extraction method according to claim 6, characterized in that the flotation solution added in step 3 occupies three quarters of the volume of the separation cell (4); the density of the flotation solution is not less than 1.5 g/cm3(ii) a The solute of the flotation solution is one or more of zinc chloride, zinc iodide, sodium chloride or sodium iodide.
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| CN110559995B (en) * | 2019-09-11 | 2021-09-21 | 南京工业大学 | Method for adsorbing polystyrene micro-plastic in water by using three-dimensional graphene |
| CN110637533B (en) * | 2019-09-26 | 2021-12-07 | 浙江海洋大学 | Soil micro-plastic separation device |
| CN111337327B (en) * | 2020-03-26 | 2022-11-29 | 河北大学 | Method and equipment for extracting farmland soil micro-plastic |
| CN111420794A (en) * | 2020-03-31 | 2020-07-17 | 陕西科技大学 | Device and method for separating and extracting micro-plastic in soil |
| CN112720932A (en) * | 2020-12-02 | 2021-04-30 | 东北师范大学 | Micro-plastic separation and recovery device and use method thereof |
| CN113176121B (en) * | 2021-03-26 | 2023-02-17 | 华东师范大学 | Micro-plastic flotation device in sediment |
| CN114308401B (en) * | 2022-01-05 | 2023-12-15 | 澳门大学 | Micro-plastic flotation device and method |
| CN114459869B (en) * | 2022-01-26 | 2023-07-07 | 浙江省海洋水产研究所 | Micro-plastic extraction and separation device in marine products |
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