CN215032224U - Integrated device for separating micro-plastics in sediments and partially desorbing adsorbed pollutants - Google Patents
Integrated device for separating micro-plastics in sediments and partially desorbing adsorbed pollutants Download PDFInfo
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- CN215032224U CN215032224U CN202023344121.8U CN202023344121U CN215032224U CN 215032224 U CN215032224 U CN 215032224U CN 202023344121 U CN202023344121 U CN 202023344121U CN 215032224 U CN215032224 U CN 215032224U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a little plastic separation and partial desorption integrated device of adsorbed pollutant in deposit. The device comprises a lifting fixed control part, a thinning layering part, a digestion desorption part and a separation and collection part from left to right. The lifting fixing control part comprises an automatic lifting rod, an automatic lifting bearing platform, an air pump motor fixing frame and a crushing cavity fixing frame; the refining layering part comprises an adjustable vertical direct current motor, a miniature vacuum air pump, a gear running cavity, a stainless steel hollow shaft tube, a sediment crushing cavity, a sediment flotation and precipitation cavity, an ultrasonic instrument and a miniature booster water pump; the digestion and desorption part comprises a liquid injection funnel, a digestion and desorption reaction chamber and a constant-temperature water bath instrument; this integrated device collects in an organic whole that crushing stirring, digestion desorption, separation are collected, can high-efficient accurate separation deposit in the little plastics, have easy and simple to handle, semi-automatic control, easy clean, cyclic utilization, characteristics such as removable assecmbly.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the technical field of the extraction of separation plastic in the deposit, the separation of plastic and the partial desorption integrated device of adsorption pollutant in concretely relates to deposit.
Background
Plastics flood urban industries due to its excellent characteristics of strong plasticity, light weight, low price and the like, the usage amount of global plastics is more than 2 hundred million tons every year according to statistics, and the total global plastic value is estimated to reach 330 trillion tons by 2050 years, so that the huge plastic yield also brings heavy load to the environment, the degradation-resistant characteristic of plastics and the poor treatment mode of human beings enable a large amount of plastic waste to flow into the ocean and be decomposed and broken into tiny plastics under the action of photodegradation, water current scouring and ocean current, which are called as 'tiny plastics' for short;
the micro plastic is defined as a novel pollutant with the particle size of less than 5mm, and is proposed to start to cause intense attention and develop a great deal of research in academia since 2004, the marine micro plastic is mainly divided into primary micro plastic and secondary micro plastic, wherein the primary micro plastic is formed by discharging the plastic with the particle size of the primary production into a water body through sewage, the secondary micro plastic is formed by crushing the large plastic under various physical erosion, chemical degradation and biological corrosion, the micro plastic reaches the water body environment, various chemical additives added in the production and manufacturing required by functions and chemical substances generated by self degradation are likely to release secondary pollution, the micro plastic is loose and porous, the characteristic of large specific surface area is likely to absorb other persistent organic pollutants and pollutants such as heavy metals from the environment to cause composite pollution, the water organism is likely to eat the micro plastic by mistake and is stored in tissues and organs in the body to cause metabolic disorder, food intake disorder, growth and reproduction obstruction and the like, and the micro-plastics are enriched in organisms and gradually accumulated through a biological chain to damage an ecosystem, and finally invade a human body to cause health threat. The high-efficiency and accurate extraction of the micro-plastic is the primary task of research, and the existing micro-plastic separation devices have the defects of incomplete separation, single function, complex operation, insufficient elution of impurities and the like. Therefore, it is important to develop an integrated device with high efficiency, accuracy, easy operation and multiple functions.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model discloses a main aim at provides little plastic separation and absorption pollutant part desorption integrated device in deposit, and its purpose provides a high efficiency abundant, and is easy and simple to handle, and the little plastic in the deposit has both been accurately extracted to the integrative device of operation of aeration stirring, can make things convenient for follow-up qualitative analysis to little plastic absorbent persistency pollutant desorption again.
The technical scheme of the utility model as follows:
the utility model provides an integrated device of high-efficient separation of little plastics in deposit and absorption pollutant part desorption, is by lift fixed control part, refines layering part, clears up desorption part and separation collection part and constitutes, wherein:
the lifting fixing control part comprises an automatic lifting rod, an automatic lifting bearing platform, an air pump motor fixing frame and a crushing cavity fixing frame; the automatic lifting rod is fixed on the automatic lifting bearing platform; the air pump motor fixing frame is in bolt fastening connection with the automatic lifting rod; the crushing cavity fixing frame is in bolt fastening connection with the automatic lifting rod;
the refining layering part comprises an adjustable vertical direct current motor, a miniature vacuum air pump, a gear running cavity, a stainless steel hollow shaft tube, a sediment crushing cavity, a sediment flotation and precipitation cavity, an ultrasonic instrument and a miniature booster water pump; the adjustable vertical direct current motor and the micro vacuum air pump are arranged above the air pump motor fixing frame; the sediment crushing cavity is arranged above the crushing cavity fixing frame; the adjustable vertical direct current motor and the miniature vacuum air pump are respectively connected with the gear running cavity through a first short pipe and a second short pipe; the gear running cavity comprises an outer-layer protective shell, a driving gear and a driven gear; the lower part of the first short pipe is in threaded connection with the driving gear; the second short pipe is connected with the stainless steel hollow shaft pipe through a rotary joint; the driven gear, the air inlet type fan blade, the crushing blade and the stirring blade are sequentially fixed on the pipe wall of the stainless steel hollow shaft pipe from top to bottom; aeration holes are uniformly distributed on the pipe wall below the stainless steel hollow shaft pipe; the sediment crushing cavity consists of a cylindrical cavity cylinder and an inverted conical cavity cylinder; the spraying water heads are fixed on two sides above the side wall of the sediment crushing cavity; the joint of the cylindrical cavity cylinder and the inverted conical cavity cylinder of the sediment crushing cavity is clamped with the sample filter screen; the inverted cone-shaped cavity cylinder is arranged in the sediment flotation precipitation cavity; a first liquid inlet pipe is arranged at the left lower part of the side wall of the sediment flotation precipitation cavity; an overflow liquid outlet pipe is arranged at the right upper part of the side wall of the sediment flotation precipitation cavity; the spraying water head and the first liquid inlet pipe are connected with the water outlet of the miniature booster water pump through a water delivery hose; the sediment flotation and precipitation cavity is arranged in an ultrasonic instrument; the ultrasonic instrument is arranged on the automatic lifting bearing platform; the gear running cavity is arranged to realize the coordinated and synchronous running of the adjustable vertical direct current motor and the micro vacuum air pump on the stainless steel hollow shaft tube, so that the rotation and the aeration are simultaneously carried out in the sample flotation process; the digestion desorption reaction chamber is arranged to remove organic impurities from the separated micro-plastics by digestion and partially desorb persistent pollutants adsorbed by the micro-plastics for later qualitative analysis;
the digestion and desorption part comprises a liquid injection funnel, a digestion and desorption reaction chamber and a constant-temperature water bath instrument; the digestion desorption reaction chamber comprises a digestion desorption pool and a circular closed cover; an overflow liquid outlet pipe on the side wall of the sediment flotation and precipitation cavity is inserted in the upper part of the left side wall of the digestion and desorption pool through a first round hole; the left side and the right side of the circular sealing cover are provided with a second circular hole and a third circular hole; the liquid injection funnel is inserted into the second round hole of the round sealing cover;
the separation and collection part comprises a suction filtration closed column, a vacuum suction filtration air pump, an ultrapure water liquid storage tank, a recyclable liquid pool and a waste liquid pool; the suction filtration closed column comprises a suction filtration closed column body and a suction filtration closed column cover; the suction filtration closed column, the digestion desorption reaction chamber 18 and the ultrapure water liquid storage tank are connected through a second liquid inlet pipe; the middle part of the suction filtration closed column is clamped with a micro plastic filter screen; a left liquid outlet pipe and a right liquid outlet pipe are symmetrically distributed below the suction filtration closed column; the right side wall of the lower part of the suction filtration closed column is connected with a vacuum suction filtration air pump; a circulating liquid recycling port is formed in the upper part of the recyclable liquid pool; the circulating liquid recycling port is connected with a water inlet of the miniature booster water pump through a water pipe; a first liquid discharge pipe is arranged at the lower part of the recyclable liquid pool; a circulating liquid inlet is formed in the upper part of the right side surface of the circulating liquid pool, and the left liquid outlet pipe is connected with the circulating liquid inlet; a waste liquid inlet is formed in the upper part of the front side surface of the waste liquid pool; and a second liquid discharge pipe is arranged at the lower part of the right side surface of the waste liquid pool.
Further, the middle part above the stainless steel hollow shaft tube is welded with the driven gear.
Further, the flotation solution may be selected from a saturated Nacl solution (1.12 g/cm 3) or a saturated NaI solution (1.8 g/cm 3).
Further, a first flow control valve is arranged on the first liquid inlet pipe; a second flow control valve is arranged on the water delivery hose leading to the spraying head pipe section; and a third flow control valve and a first flow meter are arranged on the overflow liquid outlet pipe.
Furthermore, a liquid inlet valve and a second flowmeter are installed below the liquid injection funnel.
Furthermore, a fourth flow control valve is arranged at the input end of the second liquid inlet pipe close to the digestion and desorption reaction chamber; and a fifth flow control valve is arranged at the input end of the second liquid inlet pipe, which is close to the ultrapure water liquid storage tank.
Furthermore, a sixth flow control valve is arranged on the left liquid outlet pipe; and a seventh flow control valve is arranged on the right liquid outlet pipe.
Furthermore, the arrangement of the gear running cavity realizes the coordinated and synchronous running of the adjustable vertical direct current motor and the miniature vacuum air pump on the stainless steel hollow shaft tube, so that the rotation and the air inlet are carried out simultaneously;
furthermore, the aeration holes on the pipe wall of the stainless steel hollow shaft pipe and the stirring blades are arranged, so that the liquid in the sediment flotation precipitation cavity is fully mixed, and the micro plastic in the sediment falls off and enters the flotation solution.
Furthermore, the rotating speed of the adjustable vertical direct current motor can be adjusted according to the processing capacity of sediment samples or the functions of the sediment crushing cavity and the sediment flotation and precipitation cavity.
Furthermore, the air inlet type fan blades are fixed on the pipe wall of the stainless steel hollow shaft pipe, so that the sediment sample is pushed by downward blast air in the crushing process, and the sample loss in the crushing process is avoided.
Furthermore, the heights of the adjustable vertical direct current motor, the miniature vacuum air pump, the gear running cavity, the stainless steel hollow shaft tube and the sediment crushing cavity can be synchronously adjusted up and down.
Furthermore, the design of the inverted cone-shaped cavity barrel of the sediment crushing cavity can effectively inhibit the loss caused by the escape of sediment dust into the air when the sediment dust enters the sediment flotation precipitation cavity through the sample filter screen, and the extraction accuracy of the micro-plastic is improved.
Furthermore, the arrangement of the spraying water head in the side wall of the sediment crushing cavity carries the residual sample on the cavity wall to flush into the sediment flotation and precipitation cavity, so that the loss of the sediment sample is reduced.
Further, the sample filter screen is made of stainless steel with the filter hole diameter of 5 mm; a water level scale mark is arranged on the wall of the sediment flotation precipitation cavity; the bottom of the digestion and desorption reaction chamber is designed to have an inclination angle of 5-10 degrees, so that the mixed liquid in the reaction chamber can be fully sucked back into the suction filtration closed column.
Furthermore, the sediment flotation precipitation cavity, the digestion and desorption reaction chamber, the suction filtration closed column, the ultrapure water liquid storage tank and all liquid pipe materials providing the liquid conveying function are made of acid-resistant glass materials; the sediment crushing cavity is made of stainless steel; the micro plastic filter screen is made of stainless acid-resistant steel with the aperture of a filter hole of 0.45 um.
Furthermore, the overflow liquid outlet pipe, the liquid injection funnel, the circular sealing cover, the suction filtration sealing column cover and the second liquid inlet pipe port on the sediment flotation precipitation cavity are all in frosted sealing connection.
A use method of an integrated device for efficiently separating micro-plastics in sediments and partially desorbing adsorbed pollutants comprises the following steps:
1) adjusting the height of the automatic lifting rod to enable the adjustable vertical direct current motor, the miniature vacuum air pump, the gear running cavity, the stainless steel hollow shaft tube and the sediment crushing cavity to be in working positions;
2) putting 50-500 g of dry soil sediment with large impurities removed into a sediment crushing cavity, starting an adjustable vertical direct current motor and adjusting the rotating speed to enable a sample to enter a sediment flotation precipitation cavity through a sample filter screen after the sample is fully refined in the sediment crushing cavity, crushing for 5-10 minutes, starting a miniature booster water pump, closing a first flow control valve, starting a second flow control valve, and flushing residual samples attached to the wall of the sediment crushing cavity into the sediment flotation precipitation cavity under the water flow flushing action of a spray water head;
3) closing the adjustable vertical direct current motor, opening a first flow control valve, closing a second flow control valve, enabling the flotation solution to enter a sediment flotation precipitation cavity through a first liquid inlet pipe under the action of a miniature booster water pump, observing a water level scale mark on the wall of the sediment flotation precipitation cavity, closing the first flow control valve when the required water level is reached, and closing the miniature booster water pump;
4) turning on the adjustable vertical direct current motor again and adjusting the rotating speed, turning on the miniature vacuum air pump, starting the sediment flotation and sedimentation chamber to work, fully stirring and aerating the solid-liquid mixed sample, turning on the ultrasonic instrument to carry out ultrasonic treatment on the solid-liquid mixed sample for 30min, turning off the adjustable vertical direct current motor after full reaction, adjusting the height of the automatic lifting rod, enabling the stirring blade fixed on the pipe wall of the stainless steel hollow shaft pipe to leave the liquid level of the sample, turning off the miniature vacuum air pump, and fully standing the solid-liquid mixed sample until the solid and the liquid are completely layered;
5) opening a micro booster water pump, opening a first flow control valve and a third flow control valve, closing a second flow control valve, adjusting the first flow control valve to control the water flow of a first liquid inlet pipe to slowly enter a sediment flotation precipitation cavity, enabling the flotation liquid carrying the micro plastic on the upper layer to slowly overflow into a digestion desorption reaction tank from an overflow liquid outlet pipe, observing the flow meter until the flow meter reaches the specified water amount, closing the micro booster water pump, closing the first flow control valve and the third flow control valve, and repeating the third step and the fourth step again to perform mixed flotation on the sediment sample in the sediment flotation precipitation cavity as required;
6) opening a liquid inlet valve on the liquid injection funnel, observing that the flowmeter injects required digestion liquid and desorption liquid into the digestion and desorption reaction chamber so as to remove organic matters in the sample and desorb and release the persistent pollutants adsorbed by the micro-plastic sample; the digestion solution is 30% H2O2A solution; the desorption solution is 20% of aqua regia (1: 3, HNO)3:HCl）；
7) Opening a vacuum suction filtration air pump, opening a fourth flow control valve, closing a fifth flow control valve, enabling the mixed liquid in the digestion desorption reaction chamber to flow into a suction filtration closed column, retaining the micro-plastic in the mixed liquid on a micro-plastic filter screen, closing a sixth flow control valve, opening a seventh flow control valve, and collecting part of the mixed liquid to perform qualitative analysis on the micro-plastic adsorbed pollutants at the later stage;
8) opening a sixth flow control valve, closing a seventh flow control valve, connecting a left liquid outlet pipe with a circulating liquid inlet to enable mixed liquid to enter a recyclable liquid pool if the mixed liquid is recyclable liquid, and connecting the left liquid outlet pipe with a waste liquid inlet to enable the mixed liquid to enter a waste liquid pool if the mixed liquid is non-recyclable liquid;
9) after the collection of the micro-plastic is finished, opening a fifth flow control valve, closing a fourth flow control valve, washing the micro-plastic collected by the micro-plastic filter screen with the ultrapure water pumped into the ultrapure water liquid storage tank to remove redundant salt, closing the fourth flow control valve, closing the fifth flow control valve, and closing the vacuum suction filtration air pump;
10) when the sediment in the sediment flotation precipitation cavity needs to be subjected to repeated mixed flotation, the digestion desorption reaction tank, the second liquid inlet pipe and the suction filtration closed column are disassembled and replaced to prevent the loss of the persistent pollutants adsorbed by the sample due to the residue of the desorption solution, the same sample does not need to be subjected to repeated flotation, and the step 7), 8) and 9) are repeated, wherein the digestion is carried out on part of the operation steps to collect the micro-plastics;
11) cleaning a sediment flotation and precipitation cavity: after the flotation separation of the sample is finished, an overflow liquid outlet pipe on the side wall of a sediment flotation precipitation cavity is separated from a first round hole on the side wall of a digestion desorption pool, the sediment flotation precipitation cavity is rotated to enable the overflow liquid outlet pipe to face the outer side and is externally connected with a water pipe to be led to a sewage pool, a water inlet of a miniature booster pump is connected with an external water head through a water pipe, a first flow control valve is opened, a second flow control valve is closed, the miniature booster pump is opened, an adjustable vertical direct current motor and a miniature vacuum air pump are used for flushing the sediment flotation precipitation cavity under the action of an aeration hole of a stainless steel hollow shaft pipe and a stirring blade, water is continuously fed and discharged until the sediment flotation precipitation cavity is thoroughly cleaned, the first flow control valve, the miniature booster pump, the adjustable vertical direct current motor and the miniature vacuum air pump are closed, the sediment flotation precipitation cavity is restored to the original position, and the cleaning is finished.
Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the advantages that:
1) the device has the advantages that the gear rotary cavity is arranged, so that the stirring and aeration are synchronously carried out in the sediment flotation process, and meanwhile, the arrangement of the ultrasonic instrument at the bottom of the sediment flotation precipitation cavity is more beneficial to efficiently separating micro-plastics in the sediment;
2) the design of the inverted cone-shaped cavity barrel at the bottom of the sediment crushing cavity of the device effectively inhibits the loss caused by the escape of sediment dust into the air when the sediment dust enters the sediment flotation precipitation cavity through the sample filter screen, and improves the extraction accuracy of micro-plastics;
3) when the device works in the sediment flotation and precipitation cavity, the air inlet type fan blades are fixed on the pipe wall of the stainless steel hollow shaft pipe, so that a sediment sample is pushed by downward blast in the crushing process, and the sample loss in the crushing process is avoided;
4) the device has the advantages that the spraying faucet is fixed in the sediment crushing cavity, and the residual sample carried by the cavity wall is flushed into the sediment flotation precipitation cavity, so that the loss of the sediment sample is reduced;
5) the device is used for digesting the setting of the desorption part, the sediment sample substrate interference can be reduced by adding the digestion solution, the organic matters in the sample are digested, the desorption mixed liquid of the micro-plastic attached persistent pollutants is obtained while the micro-plastic is efficiently separated by adding the desorption solution, and the follow-up qualitative analysis of the micro-plastic attached persistent pollutants is facilitated.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view of the inside of the gear operating chamber of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the connection between the first short tube and the driving gear of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the structure of the hollow stainless steel shaft of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of a sediment pulverization chamber of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of a sediment flotation precipitation chamber of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of a digestion and desorption reaction chamber of the present invention;
fig. 8 is the structure schematic diagram of the suction filtration closed column of the utility model.
The various components in the figure are as follows:
an automatic lifting rod 1, an automatic lifting bearing platform 2, an air pump motor fixing frame 3, a crushing cavity fixing frame 4, an adjustable vertical direct current motor 5, a micro vacuum air pump 6, a gear operation cavity 7, an outer protective shell 701, a driving gear 702, a driven gear 703, a stainless steel hollow shaft tube 8, an air inlet type fan blade 801, a crushing blade 802, a stirring blade 804, a sediment crushing cavity 9, a cylindrical cavity barrel 901, an inverted cone-shaped cavity barrel 902, a spraying water head 903, a sediment flotation precipitation cavity 10, a first liquid inlet pipe 1001, an overflow liquid outlet pipe 1002, a first flow control valve 1003, a third flow control valve 1004, a first flowmeter 1005, an ultrasonic instrument 11, a micro booster water pump 12, a first short pipe 13, a second short pipe 14, a rotary joint 1401, a sample filter screen 15, a water delivery hose 16, a second flow control valve 1601, a liquid injection funnel 17, a liquid inlet valve 1701, a second flowmeter 1702, a digestion reaction chamber 18, a desorption reaction chamber 18, a centrifugal separation equipment, a separation equipment, the digestion desorption tank 1801, the circular sealing cover 1802, the first circular hole 1803, the second circular hole 1804, the third circular hole 1805, the constant temperature water bath instrument 19, the suction filtration sealing column 20, the suction filtration sealing column body 2001, the suction filtration sealing column cover 2002, the left liquid outlet pipe 2003, the right liquid outlet pipe 2004, the sixth flow control valve 2005, the seventh flow control valve 2006, the vacuum suction filtration air pump 21, the ultrapure water storage tank 22, the recyclable liquid tank 23, the recyclable liquid recycling port 2301, the first liquid discharge pipe 2302, the waste liquid tank 24, the waste liquid inlet 2401, the second liquid discharge pipe 2402, the second liquid inlet pipe 25, the fourth flow control valve 2501, the fifth flow control valve 2502 and the micro plastic filter screen 26.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto, and may be carried out with reference to the conventional techniques for processing parameters not particularly noted.
As shown in fig. 1-8, the integrated device for separating and adsorbing the micro-plastic and partially desorbing the pollutants in the sediment is composed of a lifting fixed control part, a thinning layering part, a digestion and desorption part and a separation and collection part, wherein:
the lifting fixing control part comprises an automatic lifting rod 1, an automatic lifting bearing platform 2, an air pump motor fixing frame 3 and a crushing cavity fixing frame 4; the automatic lifting rod 1 is fixed on the automatic lifting bearing platform 2; the air pump motor fixing frame 3 is in bolt fastening connection with the automatic lifting rod 1; the crushing cavity fixing frame 4 is in bolt fastening connection with the automatic lifting rod 1;
the refining layering part comprises an adjustable vertical direct current motor 5, a micro vacuum air pump 6, a gear running cavity 7, a stainless steel hollow shaft tube 8, a sediment crushing cavity 9, a sediment flotation and precipitation cavity 10, an ultrasonic instrument 11 and a micro booster water pump 12; the adjustable vertical direct current motor 5 and the micro vacuum air pump 6 are arranged above the air pump motor fixing frame 3; the sediment crushing cavity 9 is arranged above the crushing cavity fixing frame 4; the adjustable vertical DC motor 5 and the micro vacuum air pump 6 are respectively connected with the gear running cavity 7 through a first short pipe 13 and a second short pipe 14; the gear running cavity 7 comprises an outer protective shell 701, a driving gear 702 and a driven gear 703; the lower part of the first short pipe 13 is in threaded connection with the driving gear 702; the second short pipe 14 is connected with the stainless steel hollow shaft pipe 8 through a rotary joint 1401; the driven gear 703, the air inlet type fan blades 801, the crushing blades 802 and the stirring blades 804 are sequentially fixed on the wall of the stainless steel hollow shaft tube 8 from top to bottom; aeration holes 803 are uniformly distributed on the pipe wall below the stainless steel hollow shaft pipe 8; the sediment crushing cavity 9 consists of a cylindrical cavity barrel 901 and an inverted conical cavity barrel 902; the spraying water heads 903 are fixed on two sides above the side wall of the sediment crushing cavity 9; the joint of the cylindrical cavity barrel 901 and the inverted conical cavity barrel 902 of the sediment crushing cavity 9 is clamped with the sample filter screen 15; the inverted conical cavity cylinder 902 is placed in the sediment flotation precipitation cavity 10; a first liquid inlet pipe 1001 is arranged on the left lower side of the side wall of the sediment flotation precipitation cavity 10; an overflow liquid outlet pipe 1002 is arranged at the upper right part of the side wall of the sediment flotation precipitation cavity; the spraying head 903 and the first liquid inlet pipe 1001 are connected with the water outlet of the miniature booster water pump 12 through a water delivery hose 16; the sediment flotation and precipitation cavity 10 is arranged in an ultrasonic instrument 11; the ultrasonic instrument 11 is arranged on the automatic lifting bearing platform 2;
the digestion and desorption part comprises a liquid injection funnel 17, a digestion and desorption reaction chamber 18 and a constant-temperature water bath instrument 19; the digestion desorption reaction chamber 18 comprises a digestion desorption pool 1801 and a circular closing cover 1802; an overflow liquid outlet pipe 1002 on the side wall of the sediment flotation and precipitation cavity is inserted in the upper part of the left side wall of the digestion and desorption pool 1801 through a first round hole 1803; the left side and the right side of the circular sealing cover 1802 are provided with a second round hole 1804 and a third round hole 1805; the liquid injection funnel 17 is inserted into the second round hole 1804 of the round closing cover;
the separation and collection part comprises a suction filtration closed column 20, a vacuum suction filtration air pump 21, an ultrapure water liquid storage tank 22, a recyclable liquid pool 23 and a waste liquid pool 24; the suction filtration closed column 20 comprises a suction filtration closed column body 2001 and a suction filtration closed column cover 2002; the suction filtration closed column 20, the digestion desorption reaction chamber 18 and the ultrapure water liquid storage tank 22 are connected through a second liquid inlet pipe 25; the middle part of the suction filtration closed column 20 is clamped with a micro plastic filter screen 26; a left liquid outlet pipe 2003 and a right liquid outlet pipe 2004 are symmetrically distributed below the suction filtration closed column 20; the right side wall of the lower part of the suction filtration closed column 20 is connected with a vacuum suction filtration air pump 21; a circulating liquid recycling port 2301 is formed in the upper part of the recyclable liquid tank 23; the circulating liquid recycling port 2301 is connected with a water inlet of the miniature booster water pump 12 through a water pipe; a first liquid discharge pipe 2302 is arranged at the lower part of the recyclable liquid tank 23; a circulating liquid inlet 2303 is formed in the upper part of the right side surface of the circulating liquid pool 23, and the left liquid outlet pipe 2003 is connected with the circulating liquid inlet 2303; a waste liquid inlet 2401 is formed in the upper part of the front side face of the waste liquid pool 24; the lower part of the right lateral surface of the waste liquid pool 24 is provided with a second liquid discharge pipe 2402. The upper middle part of the stainless steel hollow shaft tube 8 is welded with the driven gear 703. A first flow control valve 1003 is arranged on the first liquid inlet pipe 1001; a second flow control valve 1601 is arranged on the section of the water delivery hose 16 leading to the spraying head 903; a third flow control valve 1004 and a first flow meter 1005 are arranged on the overflow drain pipe 1002. A liquid inlet valve 1701 and a second flow meter 1702 are arranged below the liquid filling funnel 17. A fourth flow control valve 2501 is arranged at the input end of the second liquid inlet pipe 25 close to the digestion desorption reaction chamber 18; the second liquid inlet pipe 25 is provided with a fifth flow control valve 2502 near the input end of the ultrapure water liquid storage tank 22. A sixth flow control valve 2005 is mounted on the left liquid outlet pipe 2003; and a seventh flow control valve 2006 is arranged on the right liquid outlet pipe 2004. The sample filter screen 15 is made of stainless steel with the filter hole diameter of 5 mm; the wall of the sediment flotation precipitation cavity 10 is provided with water level scale marks; the bottom of the digestion and desorption reaction chamber 18 is designed to have an inclination angle of 5-10 degrees, so that the mixed liquid in the reaction chamber can be fully sucked back into the suction filtration closed column. In the embodiment, the sediment flotation precipitation cavity 10, the digestion and desorption reaction chamber 18, the suction filtration closed column 20, the ultrapure water liquid storage tank 22 and all liquid pipe materials providing the liquid conveying function are made of acid-resistant glass materials; the sediment crushing cavity 9 is made of stainless steel; the micro plastic filter screen 26 is made of stainless acid-resistant steel with the filter hole diameter of 0.45 um. The overflow liquid outlet pipe 1002, the liquid injection funnel 17, the circular sealing cover 1802, the suction filtration sealing column cover 2002 and the second liquid inlet pipe 25 on the sediment flotation precipitation cavity 10 are all connected in a frosted sealing mode.
Example 1
1. Putting 50g of sediment sample which is dried and removed with bulk impurities into a sediment crushing cavity, starting an adjustable vertical direct current motor, adjusting the rotating speed to 600rpm, enabling the sediment sample to enter a sediment flotation precipitation cavity through a sample filter screen, enabling a residual sample on the cavity wall to enter the sediment flotation precipitation cavity under the action of flushing and brushing of a spray water head, and closing the adjustable vertical direct current motor;
2. preparing saturated NaCl solution (1.12 g/cm 3) as flotation solution, adding the flotation solution into a recyclable liquid pool for later use, starting a micro vacuum air pump, controlling a flow control valve to input the flotation solution into a sediment flotation precipitation cavity through a liquid inlet pipe under the action of a micro booster water pump, and observing the water level scale mark of the cavity wall of the sediment flotation precipitation cavity to 300 ml;
3. starting an adjustable vertical direct current motor and adjusting the rotating speed to be 200rpm, stirring and aerating a solid-liquid mixed sample in a sediment flotation precipitation cavity for 2 hours, starting an ultrasonic instrument for ultrasonic treatment for 30 minutes, adjusting the height of an automatic lifting rod, enabling a stirring blade fixed on the pipe wall of a stainless steel hollow shaft pipe to leave the liquid surface of the sample, and standing the solid-liquid mixed sample for 2 hours until solid and liquid are completely layered;
4. adjusting a flow control valve to enable the upper layer suspension to slowly overflow into the digestion desorption reaction chamber, observing a flow meter, controlling the pump to pump 300ml of liquid, and injecting 100ml of 30% H into the digestion desorption reaction chamber from a liquid injection funnel2O2Digestion solution, 20ml of 20% aqua regia (1: 3, HNO)3HCl) desorption solution, starting a constant-temperature water bath instrument, and desorbing at 60 ℃ for 12 hours;
5. starting a vacuum suction filtration air pump to enable the mixed liquid in the digestion desorption reaction chamber to flow into a suction filtration closed column, retaining the micro-plastic in the mixed liquid on a micro-plastic filter screen, starting a seventh flow control valve, collecting 50ml of partial mixed liquid, and enabling the residual liquid to flow into a waste liquid pool;
6. observing the form of the micro plastic enriched on the micro plastic filter screen under a microscope and an infrared spectrometer and determining the components of the micro plastic, and qualitatively detecting the types of heavy metals adsorbed by the micro plastic in the collected mixed liquid by a GC-MS instrument;
the results show that: the number of the micro plastics of the micro plastic filter screen is 17, the components are all identified to be plastics, and the types of the adsorbed heavy metals comprise Cd, Pb and Zn.
Example 2
1. Taking 15 purchased white polypropylene foam particles, blue polyethylene plastic particles and black polyvinyl chloride plastic particles (the particle size is distributed in a range of 2-4 mm), adding the obtained 15 purchased white polypropylene foam particles, blue polyethylene plastic particles and black polyvinyl chloride plastic particles into 200g of a treated soil sample, uniformly mixing the obtained mixture to obtain a test sample, and simulating a sediment sample to detect the recovery rate of the micro-plastics;
2. putting a test sample into the sediment crushing cavity, starting an adjustable vertical direct current motor, adjusting the rotating speed to 800rpm, enabling the sediment sample to enter the sediment flotation precipitation cavity through a sample filter screen, enabling the residual sample on the cavity wall to enter the sediment flotation precipitation cavity under the action of flushing force of a spraying water head, and closing the adjustable vertical direct current motor;
3. preparing saturated NaCl solution (1.12 g/cm 3) as flotation solution, adding the flotation solution into a recyclable liquid pool for later use, starting a micro vacuum air pump, controlling a flow control valve to input the flotation solution into a sediment flotation precipitation cavity through a liquid inlet pipe under the action of a micro booster water pump, and observing the water level scale mark of the cavity wall of the sediment flotation precipitation cavity to 600 ml;
4. starting an adjustable vertical direct current motor and adjusting the rotating speed to be 200rpm, stirring and aerating a solid-liquid mixed sample in a sediment flotation precipitation cavity for 2 hours, starting an ultrasonic instrument for ultrasonic treatment for 30 minutes, adjusting the height of an automatic lifting rod, enabling a stirring blade fixed on the pipe wall of a stainless steel hollow shaft pipe to leave the liquid surface of the sample, and standing the solid-liquid mixed sample for 2 hours until solid and liquid are completely layered;
5. starting a vacuum suction pump, enabling the mixed liquid in the digestion desorption reaction chamber to flow into a suction filtration closed column, intercepting the micro-plastic in the mixed liquid on a micro-plastic filter screen, and observing the micro-plastic enriched on the micro-plastic filter screen under a microscope;
the results show that: the number of the micro plastics of the micro plastic filter screen is 45, and the recovery rate reaches 100%;
example 3
1. Taking a proper amount of purchased white polypropylene foam particles, placing the white polypropylene foam particles in a homogenizer for crushing and weighing 3g, adding 500g of the processed soil sample, uniformly mixing to be used as a test sample, and simulating and detecting the recovery rate of the nano-scale micro-plastic in the sediment sample;
2. putting a test sample into the sediment crushing cavity, starting an adjustable vertical direct current motor, adjusting the rotating speed to 800rpm, enabling the sediment sample to enter the sediment flotation precipitation cavity through a sample filter screen, enabling the residual sample on the cavity wall to enter the sediment flotation precipitation cavity under the action of flushing force of a spraying water head, and closing the adjustable vertical direct current motor;
3. preparing saturated NaCl solution (1.12 g/cm 3) as flotation solution, adding the flotation solution into a recyclable liquid pool for later use, starting a micro vacuum air pump, controlling a flow control valve to input the flotation solution into a sediment flotation precipitation cavity through a first liquid inlet pipe under the action of a micro booster water pump, and observing the water level scale mark of the cavity wall of the sediment flotation precipitation cavity to 800 ml;
4. starting an adjustable vertical direct current motor and adjusting the rotating speed to be 200rpm, stirring and aerating a solid-liquid mixed sample in a sediment flotation precipitation cavity for 2 hours, starting an ultrasonic instrument for ultrasonic treatment for 30 minutes, adjusting the height of an automatic lifting rod, enabling a stirring blade fixed on the pipe wall of a stainless steel hollow shaft pipe to leave the liquid surface of the sample, and standing the solid-liquid mixed sample for 2 hours until solid and liquid are completely layered;
5. starting a vacuum suction pump, enabling the mixed liquid in the digestion desorption reaction chamber to flow into a suction filtration closed column, intercepting the micro-plastic in the mixed liquid on a micro-plastic filter screen, and weighing the micro-plastic enriched on the micro-plastic filter screen;
the results show that: the micro plastic of the micro plastic filter screen is 4.92g, and the recovery rate reaches 98.4%.
The above embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. Any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. Micro-plastic separation and partial desorption integrated device for adsorbing pollutants in sediment, which is characterized by consisting of a lifting fixed control part, a thinning layering part, a digestion desorption part and a separation collection part, wherein:
the lifting fixing control part comprises an automatic lifting rod (1), an automatic lifting bearing platform (2), an air pump motor fixing frame (3) and a crushing cavity fixing frame (4); the automatic lifting rod (1) is fixed on the automatic lifting bearing platform (2); the air pump motor fixing frame (3) is in bolt fastening connection with the automatic lifting rod (1); the crushing cavity fixing frame (4) is in bolt fastening connection with the automatic lifting rod (1);
the refining and layering part comprises an adjustable vertical direct current motor (5), a micro vacuum air pump (6), a gear running cavity (7), a stainless steel hollow shaft tube (8), a sediment crushing cavity (9), a sediment flotation and precipitation cavity (10), an ultrasonic instrument (11) and a micro booster water pump (12); the adjustable vertical direct current motor (5) and the micro vacuum air pump (6) are arranged above the air pump motor fixing frame (3); the sediment crushing cavity (9) is arranged above the crushing cavity fixing frame (4); the adjustable vertical direct current motor (5) and the micro vacuum air pump (6) are respectively connected with the gear running cavity (7) through a first short pipe (13) and a second short pipe (14); the gear running cavity (7) comprises an outer protective shell (701), a driving gear (702) and a driven gear (703); the lower part of the first short pipe (13) is in threaded connection with a driving gear (702); the second short pipe (14) is connected with the stainless steel hollow shaft pipe (8) through a rotary joint (1401); the driven gear (703), the air inlet type fan blades (801), the crushing blade (802) and the stirring blade (804) are sequentially fixed on the wall of the stainless steel hollow shaft tube (8) from top to bottom; aeration holes (803) are uniformly distributed on the wall of the lower pipe of the stainless steel hollow shaft pipe (8); the sediment crushing cavity (9) consists of a cylindrical cavity barrel (901) and an inverted conical cavity barrel (902); spraying water heads (903) are fixed on two sides above the side wall of the sediment crushing cavity (9); a sample filter screen (15) is clamped at the joint of the cylindrical cavity cylinder (901) and the inverted conical cavity cylinder (902) of the sediment crushing cavity (9); the inverted cone-shaped cavity barrel (902) is arranged in the sediment flotation precipitation cavity (10); a first liquid inlet pipe (1001) is arranged at the left lower part of the side wall of the sediment flotation precipitation cavity (10); an overflow liquid outlet pipe (1002) is arranged at the upper right part of the side wall of the sediment flotation precipitation cavity; the spraying head (903) and the first liquid inlet pipe (1001) are connected with the water outlet of the miniature booster water pump (12) through a water delivery hose (16); the sediment flotation and precipitation cavity (10) is arranged in an ultrasonic instrument (11); the ultrasonic instrument (11) is arranged on the automatic lifting bearing platform (2);
the digestion and desorption part comprises a liquid injection funnel (17), a digestion and desorption reaction chamber (18) and a constant-temperature water bath instrument (19); the digestion desorption reaction chamber (18) comprises a digestion desorption pool (1801) and a circular closing cover (1802); an overflow liquid outlet pipe (1002) on the side wall of the sediment flotation and precipitation cavity is inserted in the upper part of the left side wall of the digestion and desorption pool (1801) through a first round hole (1803); the left side and the right side of the circular sealing cover (1802) are provided with a second round hole (1804) and a third round hole (1805); the liquid injection funnel (17) is inserted into a second round hole (1804) of the round sealing cover;
the separation and collection part comprises a suction filtration closed column (20), a vacuum suction filtration air pump (21), an ultrapure water liquid storage tank (22), a recyclable liquid pool (23) and a waste liquid pool (24); the suction filtration closed column (20) comprises a suction filtration closed column body (2001) and a suction filtration closed column cover (2002); the suction filtration closed column (20), the digestion desorption reaction chamber (18) and the ultrapure water liquid storage tank (22) are connected through a second liquid inlet pipe (25); the middle part of the suction filtration closed column (20) is clamped with a micro plastic filter screen (26); a left liquid outlet pipe (2003) and a right liquid outlet pipe (2004) are symmetrically distributed below the suction filtration closed column (20); the right side wall of the lower part of the suction filtration closed column (20) is connected with a vacuum suction filtration air pump (21); a circulating liquid recycling port (2301) is formed in the upper part of the recyclable liquid pool (23); the circulating liquid recycling port (2301) is connected with a water inlet of the miniature booster water pump (12) through a water pipe; a first liquid discharge pipe (2302) is arranged at the lower part of the recyclable liquid pool (23); a circulating liquid inlet (2303) is formed in the upper part of the right side face of the circulating liquid pool (23), and the left liquid outlet pipe (2003) is connected with the circulating liquid inlet (2303); a waste liquid inlet (2401) is formed in the upper part of the front side face of the waste liquid pool (24); and a second liquid discharge pipe (2402) is arranged at the lower part of the right side surface of the waste liquid pool (24).
2. The integrated device for separating and adsorbing pollutant and partially desorbing micro-plastics in sediments as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the middle part above the stainless steel hollow shaft tube (8) is welded with the driven gear (703).
3. The integrated device for separating and adsorbing pollutant and partially desorbing micro-plastics in sediments as claimed in claim 1, wherein: a first flow control valve (1003) is arranged on the first liquid inlet pipe (1001); a second flow control valve (1601) is arranged on the section of the water delivery hose (16) leading to the spraying head (903); and a third control flow valve (1004) and a first flow meter (1005) are arranged on the overflow liquid outlet pipe (1002).
4. The integrated device for separating and adsorbing pollutant and partially desorbing micro-plastics in sediments as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and a liquid inlet valve (1701) and a second flow meter (1702) are installed below the liquid injection funnel (17).
5. The integrated device for separating and adsorbing pollutant and partially desorbing micro-plastics in sediments as claimed in claim 1, wherein: a fourth flow control valve (2501) is arranged on the pipeline of the second liquid inlet pipe (25) close to the input end of the digestion desorption reaction chamber (18); and a fifth flow control valve (2502) is arranged on the pipeline of the second liquid inlet pipe (25) close to the input end of the ultrapure water liquid storage tank (22).
6. The integrated device for separating and adsorbing pollutant and partially desorbing micro-plastics in sediments as claimed in claim 1, wherein: a sixth flow control valve (2005) is mounted on the left liquid outlet pipe (2003); and a seventh flow control valve (2006) is arranged on the right liquid outlet pipe (2004).
7. The integrated device for separating and adsorbing pollutant and partially desorbing micro-plastics in sediments as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the sample filter screen (15) is made of stainless steel with the aperture of a filter hole of 5 mm; the wall of the sediment flotation precipitation cavity (10) is provided with water level scale marks; the bottom of the digestion and desorption reaction chamber (18) is designed to have an inclination angle of 5-10 degrees, so that the mixed liquid in the reaction chamber can be fully sucked back into the suction filtration closed column.
8. The integrated device for separating and adsorbing pollutant and partially desorbing micro-plastics in sediments as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the sediment flotation precipitation cavity (10), the digestion desorption reaction chamber (18), the suction filtration closed column (20), the ultrapure water liquid storage tank (22) and all liquid pipe materials providing the liquid conveying function are made of acid-resistant glass materials; the sediment crushing cavity (9) is made of stainless steel;
the micro plastic filter screen (26) is made of stainless acid-resistant steel with the filter hole aperture of 0.45 um.
9. The integrated device for separating and adsorbing pollutant and partially desorbing micro-plastics in sediments as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the overflow liquid outlet pipe (1002), the liquid injection funnel (17), the circular sealing cover (1802), the suction filtration sealing column cover (2002) and the second liquid inlet pipe (25) on the sediment flotation precipitation cavity (10) are connected in a frosted sealing mode.
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| CN202023344121.8U CN215032224U (en) | 2020-12-31 | 2020-12-31 | Integrated device for separating micro-plastics in sediments and partially desorbing adsorbed pollutants |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112845522A (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2021-05-28 | 华南理工大学 | Integrated device for efficiently separating micro-plastics in sediments and partially desorbing adsorbed pollutants and using method thereof |
| PL444159A1 (en) * | 2023-03-22 | 2024-09-23 | Politechnika Rzeszowska im. Ignacego Łukasiewicza | Microplastic separation device |
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2020
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112845522A (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2021-05-28 | 华南理工大学 | Integrated device for efficiently separating micro-plastics in sediments and partially desorbing adsorbed pollutants and using method thereof |
| CN112845522B (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2024-01-05 | 华南理工大学 | Integrated device for efficiently separating microplastic in sediment and adsorbing and partially desorbing pollutants and application method thereof |
| PL444159A1 (en) * | 2023-03-22 | 2024-09-23 | Politechnika Rzeszowska im. Ignacego Łukasiewicza | Microplastic separation device |
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