CN106363835A - Micro-plastic separation method and device - Google Patents

Micro-plastic separation method and device Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106363835A
CN106363835A CN201610959719.7A CN201610959719A CN106363835A CN 106363835 A CN106363835 A CN 106363835A CN 201610959719 A CN201610959719 A CN 201610959719A CN 106363835 A CN106363835 A CN 106363835A
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China
Prior art keywords
micro
agitator
filter membrane
separation method
column
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CN201610959719.7A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN106363835B (en
Inventor
张凯
熊雄
吴辰熙
胡红娟
敖鸿毅
董航
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Institute of Hydrobiology of CAS
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Institute of Hydrobiology of CAS
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
    • B29B17/02—Separating plastics from other materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03B—SEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
    • B03B5/00—Washing granular, powdered or lumpy materials; Wet separating
    • B03B5/28—Washing granular, powdered or lumpy materials; Wet separating by sink-float separation
    • B03B5/30—Washing granular, powdered or lumpy materials; Wet separating by sink-float separation using heavy liquids or suspensions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
    • B29B17/02—Separating plastics from other materials
    • B29B2017/0213—Specific separating techniques
    • B29B2017/0217—Mechanical separating techniques; devices therefor
    • B29B2017/0237—Mechanical separating techniques; devices therefor using density difference
    • B29B2017/0244—Mechanical separating techniques; devices therefor using density difference in liquids
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/62—Plastics recycling; Rubber recycling

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
  • Filtration Of Liquid (AREA)

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of solid waste treatment and relates to a micro-plastic separation method and device. The micro-plastic separation method comprises the steps that (1) settlings of field natural water are collected; (2) the settlings of the field natural water is subjected to low-temperature drying and freeze-drying, and samples to be treated are obtained; (3) after a density solution is added into the samples to be treated, sufficient stirring is conducted until the samples to be treated are completely suspended in the density solution, and a non-sediment layer and a sediment layer are formed from top to bottom after still standing; and (4) the non-sediment layer is extracted and passes through a filter film, liquid passing through the filter film is repeatedly used, and objects isolated by the filter film include but limited to micro-plastic particles in the settlings of the field natural water. The provided micro-plastic pollutant separation method and device are capable of rapidly and effectively separating and extracting the micro-plastic particles in settlings of water such as rivers and lakes.

Description

Micro- plastics separation method and device
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of solid waste treating technology, it is related to a kind of micro- plastics separation method and device, especially relates to And the separation method of micro- plastic pollution thing and device a kind of deposit be applied to water bodys such as rivers and lakes.
Background technology
Production with plastic product and use, plastic garbage as a kind of pollutant being widely present in environment, by Gradually cause the attention of people.However, plastics are difficult to, due to it, the attribute degraded, can be present in for a long time in environment, including from So water body and soil, this makes this hazards of pollutants greatly reinforce.Micro- plastics refer to that diameter is less than 5 millimeters of plastics Grain, it is typically decomposed by oarse-grained plastic garbage, also can result from simultaneously additive in the middle of personal care articles with And Commercial pellet raw material.And more common source also has the washess discharge of chemical fibre clothes.Common micro- plastic grain can be by The various material such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polrvinyl chloride, polyurethane, Merlon and nylon forms.Micro- plastics The propagation of light in water body can be hindered, and the poisonous additive containing in plastics presented in micro- plastics when it is easier to release Being put in environment, thus working the mischief to the biology in environment, also threaten the health and safety of ecosystem.This plastics slightly Some density of granule are more than 1, and some density are less than 1.Micro- plastics that density is more than 1, will be deposited to deposit after entering water body In；Density is likely to sink under water less than after 1 its surface attachment microorganism of micro- plastics.This plastic pollution thing slightly may be by Zoobenthos is eaten by mistake, thus benthon is produced threatening.And the aquatile having eaten micro- plastics by mistake can be brought disaster upon by food chain And human health.Therefore, micro- plastics become the study hotspot of current scientist.However, for the micro- plastic grain in deposit, Because its diameter little it is difficult to collect, not particularly preferred method and apparatus is separating now.
Content of the invention
The present invention seeks to being directed to existing method and the defect of device and the blank of prior art, and then provide a kind of energy Fast and effectively by plastic grain separation and Extraction micro- in deposit in the water bodys such as rivers and lakes micro- plastic pollution thing out point From method and device.
To achieve these goals, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that
A kind of micro- plastics separation method it is characterised in that: described micro- plastics separation method comprises the following steps:
1) deposit of collection field natural water；
2) to step 1) deposit of field natural water that collected carries out oven drying at low temperature or lyophilizing, obtains waiting to locate Reason sample；The temperature of described oven drying at low temperature is not more than 60 DEG C；
3) in step 2) obtained by pending sample in add density solution after be sufficiently stirred for, until step 2) in Pending sample be suspended in completely in density solution, be divided into non-precipitating layer and the beds of precipitation after standing from top to bottom；Institute The density stating density solution is the density determination of detached micro- plastics as needed；The density of described density solution is not less than 1.5g/cm3；
4) extract non-precipitating layer and non-precipitating layer is passed through filter membrane；Liquid repeat step 3 after filter membrane) use；Quilt Micro- plastic grain in the material of the filter membrane isolation including but not limited to deposit of field natural water.
Preferably, the solute of density solution of the present invention is in sodium iodide, zinc chloride and potassium formate Plant or combine.
Preferably, filter membrane of the present invention is glass fiber filter.
Preferably, the aperture of filter membrane of the present invention is the diameter determination according to micro- plastic grain to be separated 's.
Preferably, micro- plastics separation method of the present invention is in step 4) after also include:
5) deposition of the including but not limited to field natural water isolated by filter membrane is observed by naked eyes or Stereo microscope Micro- plastic grain in thing.
A kind of device for micro- plastics separation method as previously described it is characterised in that: described device includes upper column Body, lower column, push-pull valve, agitator and filter membrane；Described upper column and lower column are successively set on from top to bottom It is connected into cylindrical body together and jointly；Described upper column is identical with the internal diameter of lower column；Inside described cylindrical body, filling needs Process deposit and the density solution of field natural water；The pending field that described agitator stirs portion in tubular body is natural The deposit of water body and density solution；Described push-pull valve is placed between column and lower column and for isolation or insertion Upper column and lower column；When the upper column of push-pull valve isolation is with lower column, the liquid in described upper column flows through To filter membrane.
Preferably, push-pull valve of the present invention includes plate, connecting rod and handle；Described handle passes through to connect Bar is connected with plate and drives plate to stretch into or exit between upper column and lower column.
Preferably, filter membrane of the present invention is glass fiber filter；The aperture of described filter membrane is according to be separated Micro- plastic grain diameter determine.
Preferably, agitator of the present invention is built-in agitator or external agitator.
Preferably, when agitator of the present invention is built-in agitator, described agitator includes paddle, electricity Machine, base and montant；Described montant is placed on base；Described base is placed in outside cylindrical body；Described motor is placed on montant And be connected with paddle；Described Motor drive paddle rotates；When described agitator is external agitator, described agitator is Magnetic stirring apparatuss.
The invention has the advantage that
The invention provides a kind of separation method of micro- plastic pollution thing and device, wherein the method are in collection field certainly So carry out oven drying at low temperature or lyophilizing after the deposit of water body, obtain pending sample；To add in obtained pending sample It is sufficiently stirred for after density solution, until pending sample is suspended in density solution, after standing from top to bottom successively completely It is divided into non-precipitating layer and the beds of precipitation；Extract non-precipitating layer and non-precipitating layer is passed through filter membrane；Liquid after filter membrane repeats Use；Micro- plastic grain in the material isolated by the filter membrane including but not limited to deposit of field natural water, specifically, this Invention has the advantage that
1) separation efficiency is high, and process time is short.The present invention using density solution can be by the density mixing in deposit Lighter micro- plastic grain is suspended into solution upper strata, and heavier deposit is still in solution bottom, thus reaching detached mesh 's.It is compared to perusal the process selected, is substantially shorter detached process time using this device, also reduce and separate Difficulty.
2) device is simple, easily operates.By column, push-pull valve and agitator three part are constituted the present invention, and structure is simple. Only need to add the solution of proper density, then stirred, be i.e. the quickly and easily micro- plastic grain in separable deposit, be Micro- plastic pollution research provides a kind of suitable device.
3) it is widely used.Poisons in freshwater deposit, marine sediment etc., are suitable for this device, and by adjusting solution Density, can achieve separate various density micro- plastic grain.
4) density solution recoverable is used in experiment.Used density solution, can realize reclaiming by the operation such as filtration Using use cost can be reduced.
Brief description
The picture that this brief description is provided for assisting a further understanding of the present invention, as the one of the present patent application Part, does not constitute inappropriate limitation of the present invention:
Fig. 1 is the operating process schematic diagram of micro- plastics separation method provided by the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of micro- plastic selector provided by the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the preferred construction schematic diagram of micro- plastic selector provided by the present invention；
Fig. 4 is CONCENTRATION DENSITY curve proposed by the invention；
Wherein:
The upper column of 1-；2- push-pull valve；Column under 3-；4- paddle；5- plate；6- connecting rod；7- handle；8- electricity Machine；9- montant；10- base.
Specific embodiment
Referring to Fig. 1, the invention provides a kind of micro- plastics separation method, this micro- plastics separation method comprises the following steps:
1) deposit of collection field natural water；
2) to step 1) deposit of field natural water that collected carries out oven drying at low temperature or lyophilizing, obtains waiting to locate Reason sample；The temperature of oven drying at low temperature is not more than 60 DEG C；
3) in step 2) obtained by pending sample in add density solution after be sufficiently stirred for, until step 2) in Pending sample be suspended in completely in density solution, be divided into non-precipitating layer and the beds of precipitation after standing from top to bottom；Close The solute of degree solution is one of sodium iodide, zinc chloride and potassium formate or combination.Density solution adopts density big, dissolubility The solutes such as sodium iodide well, zinc chloride or potassium formate, with water as solvent.According to the density of measurement solute variable concentrations solution, system Make a concentration and density curve, the solution of desired density is prepared with this.Under density solution effect, micro- plastic grain can float Float on liquid level top layer, and deposit sinks to solution bottom, reach detached effect.Wherein, density solution according to CONCENTRATION DENSITY Preparing, wherein, abscissa is the concentration of solvent to curve (referring to Fig. 4), and vertical coordinate is the density of solution, and select to need is close Degree, substitutes into curve equation, you can obtain the solution concentration preparing this density.In Fig. 4, solute is potassium formate, meanwhile, the choosing of solute Select and be not limited to potassium formate, sodium iodide and zinc chloride can also serve as the solute of density solution.
4) extract non-precipitating layer and non-precipitating layer is passed through filter membrane；Liquid repeat step 3 after filter membrane) use；Quilt Micro- plastic grain in the material of the filter membrane isolation including but not limited to deposit of field natural water.Filter membrane is glass fibre filter Film, the aperture of filter membrane is the diameter determination according to micro- plastic grain to be separated.
5) deposition of the including but not limited to field natural water isolated by filter membrane is observed by naked eyes or Stereo microscope Micro- plastic grain in thing；
Referring to Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, the present invention, while providing above-mentioned micro- plastics separation method, additionally provides a kind of micro- mould Material separating device, device includes column 1, lower column 3, push-pull valve 2, agitator and filter membrane；Upper column 1 and under Column 3 sets gradually from top to bottom and is connected into cylindrical body together and jointly；Upper column 1 is identical with the internal diameter of lower column 3； Deposit and the density solution of field to be handled natural water is filled inside cylindrical body；Agitator stirs portion in tubular body The deposit of pending field natural water and density solution；Push-pull valve 2 is placed between column 1 and lower column 3 simultaneously For column in isolation or insertion 1 and lower column 3；When the upper column 1 of push-pull valve 2 isolation is with lower column 3, upper column Liquid in body 1 flows through to filter membrane.Valve in the middle of column can be push-pull valve or other kinds of valve.
Push-pull valve 2 includes plate 5, connecting rod 6 and handle 7；Handle 7 is connected with plate 5 and is driven slotting by connecting rod 6 Plate 5 stretches into or exits between column 1 and lower column 3.Push-pull valve 2 can be separated with lower column 3, can easily remove down The deposit getting off is deposited in column 3.
Filter membrane is glass fiber filter；The aperture of filter membrane is that the diameter according to micro- plastic grain to be separated determines.
Agitator is built-in agitator or external agitator；When agitator is built-in agitator, agitator includes Paddle 4, motor 8, base 10 and montant 9；Montant 9 is placed on base 10；Base 10 is placed in outside cylindrical body；Motor 8 is put It is connected on montant 9 and with paddle 4；Motor 8 drives paddle 4 to rotate；When agitator is external agitator, agitator is Magnetic stirring apparatuss or motor-driven agitator.
Micro- plastic selector provided by the present invention can fast and effectively will be micro- in deposit using certain density solution Plastic grain separation and Extraction is out.
Embodiment one:
Referring to Fig. 1, the invention provides a kind of separation method of micro- plastic pollution thing, pre-treatment deposit first, pass through Dry (< 60 DEG C) or the sediment sample of frozen dried loads column bottom, and add density to be 1.5g/cm3Density molten Liquid (density can separately adjust as needed).Now, push-pull valve is in open mode.Open agitator, by deposit and density Solution stirs and suitably many stirrings a period of time (30 minutes), now removes external agitator.By solution left standstill 24 hours.Close push-pull valve, lower part column is separated with push-pull valve, remove the deposit of bottom.Will be upper with Suction filtration device Solution in part cylindrical body and float on micro- plastic grain on liquid level upper strata and filter on glass fiber filter.Naked eyes or borrow Stereo microscope is helped to observe the micro- plastic grain on filter membrane.
Embodiment two:
As shown in Fig. 2 a kind of the invention provides device separating micro- plastics from deposit.Wherein, upper column 1 with High all 15cm, the equal 10cm of diameter of lower column 3, intermediate connections are push-pull valve 2, and paddle 4 and and paddle are arranged at bottom Connected motor 8.Upper column 1 and lower column 3 are spliced into a column jointly, and the effect of column is to provide an appearance Receive the container of deposit and density solution；The effect of built-in agitator is to provide mixing power, makes deposit and density solution permissible It is sufficiently mixed, and allow the less micro- plastic grain of density can gradually float on solution upper strata；The effect of push-pull valve 2 is in solution left standstill After stable, upper solution and seabed sediment are separated, recycle the activeness of push-pull valve 2 and column, pull down bottom, Retain top solution, and then facilitate subsequent treatment to float on micro- plastic grain on upper strata.
Embodiment three:
Referring to Fig. 3, the device separating micro- plastics from deposit provided by the present invention.For increasing single treatment amount, post The volume of shape body can increase upper column 1 and lower column 3, and separated micro- plastic density is less than 1.7g/cm3, at single Reason amount is preferred with density solution with being sufficiently mixed deposit, then the volume of deposit is no more than bottom column volume 50%；Add density solution, and turn on agitator.Agitator adopts external metal agitator, and this metal agitator includes base 10th, montant 9, motor 8 and paddle 4；Montant 9 is arranged on base 10；Motor 8 is arranged on montant 9；Motor 8 and stirring Leaf 4 is connected and drives paddle 4 to rotate；Rotating speed should be first rear fast slowly, until deposit is stirred completely, and and density solution Contact more than 30min.Operate before this, plate 5 is open mode.Treat solution left standstill overnight, deposit fully precipitates, micro- plastics fill Divide floating, then close push-pull valve 2, unload lower column 3.Solution in upper column 1 is passed through filter membrane, micro- plastics are concentrated in On filter membrane, realize micro- plastics and reach detached purpose with deposit.
It should be noted that the present invention is outside several basic modes above, can also be by changing column junction Valve, changes the material of different parts, changes the approach such as the alr mode of agitator to realize separating micro- plastics in deposit Purpose, these are all protection scope of the present invention, and above example is only in order to illustrate technical scheme rather than to this The restriction of bright protection domain, although being explained in detail to the present invention with reference to preferred embodiment, those of ordinary skill in the art It should be appreciated that technical scheme can be modified or equivalent, without deviating from technical solution of the present invention Spirit and scope.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of micro- plastics separation method it is characterised in that: described micro- plastics separation method comprises the following steps:
1) deposit of collection field natural water；
2) deposit of field natural water step 1) being collected carries out oven drying at low temperature or lyophilizing, obtains pending sample Product；The temperature of described oven drying at low temperature is not more than 60 DEG C；
3) in step 2) obtained by pending sample in add density solution after be sufficiently stirred for, until step 2) in treat Process sample to be suspended in completely in density solution, after standing, be divided into non-precipitating layer and the beds of precipitation from top to bottom；Described close The density of degree solution is that the density of detached micro- plastics as needed determines；The density of described density solution is not less than 1.5g/ cm3；
4) extract non-precipitating layer and non-precipitating layer is passed through filter membrane；Liquid repeat step 3 after filter membrane) use；By filter membrane Micro- plastic grain in the material of the isolation including but not limited to deposit of field natural water.
2. micro- plastics separation method according to claim 1 it is characterised in that: the solute of described density solution is iodate One of sodium, zinc chloride and potassium formate or combination.
3. micro- plastics separation method according to claim 2 it is characterised in that: described filter membrane is glass fiber filter.
4. micro- plastics separation method according to claim 3 it is characterised in that: the aperture of described filter membrane is according to be separated Micro- plastic grain diameter determine.
5. according to the arbitrary described micro- plastics separation method of claim 1-4 it is characterised in that: described micro- plastics separation method exists Also include after step 4):
5) observe in the including but not limited to deposit of field natural water isolated by filter membrane by naked eyes or Stereo microscope Micro- plastic grain.
6. a kind of device for micro- plastics separation method as claimed in claim 5 it is characterised in that: described device includes Column (1), lower column (3), push-pull valve (2), agitator and filter membrane；Described upper column (1) and lower column (3) Set gradually from top to bottom and be connected into cylindrical body together and jointly；The internal diameter phase of described upper column (1) and lower column (3) With；Deposit and the density solution of field to be handled natural water is filled inside described cylindrical body；Described agitator stirring The deposit of pending field natural water within cylindrical body and density solution；Described push-pull valve (2) is placed in column (1) and lower column (3) between and for column (1) in isolation or insertion and lower column (3)；When push-pull valve (2) isolation When upper column (1) and lower column (3), the liquid in described upper column (1) flows through to filter membrane.
7. device according to claim 6 it is characterised in that: described push-pull valve (2) include plate (5), connecting rod (6) with And handle (7)；Described handle (7) is connected with plate (5) by connecting rod (6) and drives plate (5) to stretch into or exit upper column Between body (1) and lower column (3).
8. device according to claim 7 it is characterised in that: described filter membrane is glass fiber filter；The hole of described filter membrane Footpath is that the diameter according to micro- plastic grain to be separated determines.
9. the device according to claim 6 or 7 or 8 it is characterised in that: described agitator is built-in agitator or external Formula agitator.
10. device according to claim 9 it is characterised in that: when described agitator is built-in agitator, described stirring Device includes paddle (4), motor (8), base (10) and montant (9)；Described montant (9) is placed on base (10)；Described bottom Seat (10) is placed in outside cylindrical body；Described motor (8) is placed in montant (9) above and is connected with paddle (4)；Described motor (8) is driven Dynamic paddle (4) rotates；When described agitator is external agitator, described agitator is magnetic stirring apparatuss.
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