CN104646408B - The separator and separation method of polymer in soil - Google Patents

The separator and separation method of polymer in soil Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104646408B
CN104646408B CN201410550374.0A CN201410550374A CN104646408B CN 104646408 B CN104646408 B CN 104646408B CN 201410550374 A CN201410550374 A CN 201410550374A CN 104646408 B CN104646408 B CN 104646408B
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container
polymer
soil
outlet
density
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CN104646408A (en
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曾锋
张霞
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Sun Yat Sen University
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Sun Yat Sen University
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/62Plastics recycling; Rubber recycling

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  • Separation, Recovery Or Treatment Of Waste Materials Containing Plastics (AREA)
  • Separation Of Solids By Using Liquids Or Pneumatic Power (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of separator of polymer in soil and method, including the first container with inlet and outlet;Also include the second container with import and multiple outlets;The outlet of first container and the inlet communication of second container are simultaneously provided with medium flow field in the first container of control and enter flow speed controller in second container;The first vessel media introducing port at second container import is in Z-shaped shape, the tapering outlet in inclined-plane;And the agitator that medium shakes in driving second container, the different directions of the second container side open up outlet (multiple exit) respectively, and connect the filter of outlet, and bottom sets gentle slope funnel-form slag-drip opening.This separator can separate different types of polymer in soil, it is therefore intended that understand type, state and its behavior of polymer in soil;Meanwhile, available for soil sanitation, realize that waste plastic is recycled, save resource, its first separation high purity more than 80.4% to the universal polymer such as HDPE, PS, PC and PVC.

Description

The separator and separation method of polymer in soil
Technical field
The present invention relates to polymer separation technology field, and in particular to the separator of polymer and side in a kind of soil Method.
Background technology
Polymer in soil is often referred to enter through various approach the plastic grain raw material of soil environment, bulk plastic rubbish Illumination degrading and mechanism form small plastic flakes, and the polishing plastic particulate that uses of industrial production and daily necessities Plastic particles additive.Usually size is in millimeter the rank even plastic flakes or plastic particles of micron level.
The type of general polymer includes polyethylene (PE, 0.94-0.96g/cm in soil3), polypropylene (PP, 0.91g/cm3), polystyrene (PS, 1.05g/cm3), makrolon (PC, 1.18g/cm3), polyvinyl chloride (PVC, 1.38g/ cm3), polyethylene terephthalate (PET, 1.38g/cm3) and polyamide (PA, 1.38g/cm3) etc..PE、PP、PS、PC、 PVC, PET and PA etc. are the polymer of generally existing in soil.
At present, polymer has been prevalent in water body, deposit and organism, as a kind of new environmental pollution Thing is included among water body murder by poisoning pollutant list.Plastic defect film amount will be continuously increased in plough horizon, and use sewage irrigation And activated sludge, the quantity of polymer may be a surprising numeral in agricultural soil.Due to lacking soil polyalcohol The research of separate analytical technique, so far rarely seen soil, the particularly environmental behaviour of agricultural soil polymer and its ecological effect.For The environmental behaviour and its Research on Ecological Effect for carrying out polymer in soil environment establish method basis, and soil polyalcohol is polluted Important theory significance is played in risk assessment and reality is urgent.
The content of the invention
For above-mentioned technical problem, polymer in soil can be separated it is an object of the invention to provide one kind Soil in polymer separator and method, separate soil in different types of polymer, it is therefore intended that understand soil Type, state and its behavior of middle polymer;Simultaneously, it can also be used to soil sanitation, realize that waste plastic is recycled, save money Source.
Realize that technical scheme is as follows:
The separator of polymer in soil, including the first container (flotation fluid reservoir) with inlet and outlet;Also Including the second container (step gradient density pipe) with import and multiple (needing to set according to separation analysis) outlets;Second Rotating speed adjustable lifting type stirring device is set in container;The outlet of first container and the inlet communication of second container are simultaneously provided with control The first vessel media at the flow speed controller that medium flow field is led in second container in the first container, second container import is made to import Mouth is in Z-shaped shape, the tapering outlet in inclined-plane;And the lifting type stirring device of driving second container vibration, the second container (ladder Formula Graded Density pipe) side different directions open up outlet (multiple exit) respectively, and connection outlet separate filter, bottom Portion sets the funnelform slag-drip opening in gentle slope.
Such scheme, the soil containing polymer is positioned in the first container for having a certain amount of flotation fluid, is stirred, and is added After appropriate dispersant, then a certain amount of flotation fluid is added in second container, realize that soil is separated with polymer;Stand, in soil Polymer be suspended into flotation fluid upper strata, and the residue of soil is deposited on residue in the first container bottom, soil from slag-drip opening Place's discharge, soil polyalcohol is stayed in second container, realizes initial gross separation;According to the physicochemical properties of isolating polymer, plant The characteristics such as class, and the interface of second container (step gradient density pipe) set feature, pass through the density of the first container Flotation fluid, coutroi velocity forms step gradient column density in second container;Stand, according to step gradient column density Gradient direction, opens second container (step gradient density pipe) side valve, filters, washing, collected polymer;Dry, it is red External spectrum is qualitative, weighs, and realizes that different types of polymers is separated in soil.
Further, the first vessel media introducing port at the second container import is in Z-shaped shape;Z-shaped introducing port Has the tapering outlet of inclined-plane (inclined-plane radian is determined according to second container diameter).
Meanwhile, the side of the second container opens up outlet (multiple exit), bottom tool gentle slope funnel in different directions respectively Shape has the slag-drip opening of valve;And separate filter, filter membrane is detachable, is easy to clean and obtain polymer.
Further, the agitating device includes base, the vertical axis for the tool groove being fixed on base, and tool is stable in groove The elastic component of lifting;Rotating speed, the adjuster of lifting, controller lower surface set the detachable, rotary shaft in second container, Axle connects extensible blade, and the axle lower end rotated elastic component;Can be spacing to hold with second in the presence of elastic component The accommodation space of device bottom.
The drive mechanism includes motor, the fixed ellipse driving projection with motor output shaft, the driving projection top The firmly lower surface of pedestal.
The groove is deep-slotted chip breaker, and axle is cylindrical shaft, and the notch of the deep-slotted chip breaker is less than the diameter of axle.
Another object of the present invention, the separation method of polymer, comprises the following steps in a kind of soil is provided,
Step one, the flotation fluid of certain density is prepared in the first container (flotation fluid reservoir);Led with certain flow velocity Enter second container (step gradient density pipe).
Step 2, crushes soil, is quantitatively positioned in second container (step gradient density pipe), adds appropriate scattered Agent, stirring, soil is separated with polymer;Polymer poly combines in solution layer, and soil is slowly deposited on second container (step gradient Density pipe) bottom.
Step 3, stirring vane lifts away from second container (step gradient density pipe), stands.
Step 4, according to the characteristics such as the physicochemical properties of isolating polymer, species, and second container (staged ladder Spend density pipe) interface setting requirements, pass through the density flotation fluid of the first container, coutroi velocity, the shape in second container Into feature step gradient column density.
Step 5, stands.
Step 6, according to the gradient direction of step gradient column density, opens second container (step gradient density pipe) Side valve, filtering, collected polymer.
Step 7, polymer is dried, and infrared spectrum is qualitative, weighs.
Step 8, opens second container (step gradient density pipe) bottom valve, deslagging.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 device for storing liquid figures
Fig. 2 separator figures
Fig. 3 collection device figures
Reference is as follows in figure:
1-the first container (flotation fluid reservoir), 2-flow speed controller, 3-transfusion catheter, 4-container fixed mount, 5- Z-shaped medium introducing port, 6-second container (step gradient density pipe), 7-base, 8-lifting type stirring device, 9-separation Formula filter, 10-slag-drip opening, 11-vacuum pump using circulatory water;
21-step gradient density pipe;22-Z-shaped medium introducing port;23-side valve;24-be separated Polymer;25-medium rate control valve;
31-liquid-collecting bottle;32nd, 35-filter tunnel;34-fixture;36-filter membrane.
Beneficial effect
Such scheme is employed, the soil containing polymer is positioned in the second container for having a certain amount of flotation fluid, stirred Mix, add after appropriate dispersant, then add a certain amount of flotation fluid in second container, realize that soil is separated with polymer;Stand, Polymer in soil is suspended into flotation fluid upper strata, and the residue of soil be deposited on residue in the first container bottom, soil from Discharged at slag-drip opening, soil polyalcohol is stayed in second container, realizes initial gross separation;According to the physical chemistry of isolating polymer The characteristics such as matter, species, and the interface of second container step gradient density pipe set feature, pass through the close of the first container Flotation fluid is spent, coutroi velocity forms step gradient column density in second container;Stand, according to step gradient column density Gradient direction, open second container step gradient density pipe side valve, filter, washing, collected polymer;Dry, it is red External spectrum is qualitative, weighs, and realizes that different types of polymers is separated in soil.This separator can isolate polymer, purpose It is type, state and its behavior for understanding polymer in soil;Simultaneously, it can also be used to soil sanitation, realize waste plastic again Utilize, save resource.Its first separation high purity more than 80.4% to the universal polymer such as HDPE, PS, PC and PVC.
Specific embodiment
For further disclosure superiority of the invention, embodiment is as follows:
The separator of polymer in a kind of soil, including the first container with inlet and outlet;Also include have into Mouth and the second container of multiple outlets;Rotating speed adjustable lifting type stirring device is set in second container;The outlet of first container with The inlet communication of second container is simultaneously provided with the flow speed controller that medium flow field is led in second container in the first container of control, second The first vessel media introducing port at vessel inlet is in Z-shaped shape, the tapering outlet in inclined-plane;And the liter of driving second container vibration Drop formula agitator, the side different directions of the second container open up outlet, and the separate filter that connection is exported respectively, Bottom sets funnelform slag-drip opening.
Preferably, the first vessel media introducing port at the second container import is in Z-shaped shape.
Preferably, the Z-shaped introducing port at first vessel media to second container import is the tapering outlet on inclined-plane, To reduce the impact to liquid level.
Preferably, the side of the second container opens up outlet in different directions respectively, and bottom is that gentle slope funnel-form has valve The slag-drip opening of door.
Preferably, the agitating device includes base, is fixed on the bullet of the stable lifting of tool in the vertical axis that base has groove, groove Property part, rotating speed, the adjuster of lifting, controller lower surface sets dismountable rotary shaft, and axle connects extensible blade, and The elastic component of the axle lower end of rotation;Can be in the presence of elastic component, the spacing accommodation space with second container bottom.
Preferably, the separate filter includes the filter membrane in housing and housing, and removable unload down of filter membrane is arranged on shell In body, it is easy to clean and obtain polymer.
Preferably, it is described to control the controller that medium flow field is led in second container in the first container to be valve;The driving Mechanism includes motor, and the fixed ellipse driving projection with motor output shaft, the driving projection withstands the lower surface of pedestal.
A kind of separation method of polymer in separator separation soil using polymer in the soil, its feature exists In comprising the following steps:
Step one, from the separator of polymer in described soil, flotation fluid is stored in the first container flotation fluid In reservoir;Imported with certain flow velocity in second container step gradient density pipe;
Step 2, crushes soil, is quantitatively positioned in second container (step gradient density pipe), adds appropriate scattered Agent, stirring, soil is separated with polymer;Polymer poly combines in solution upper strata, and soil is slowly deposited on second container (staged ladder Spend density pipe) bottom;
Step 3, stirring vane lifts away from second container (step gradient density pipe), stands;
Step 4, according to the characteristics such as the physicochemical properties of isolating polymer, species, and second container (staged ladder Spend density pipe) interface setting requirements, pass through the density flotation fluid of the first container, coutroi velocity, the shape in second container Into feature step gradient column density;
Step 5, stands;
Step 6, according to the gradient direction of step gradient column density, opens second container (step gradient density pipe) Side valve, filtering, collected polymer, washing;Complete after step 6, filter membrane in separate filter temperature be 65 DEG C- 75 DEG C of drying, drying time 2.5h-3.5h;
Step 7, isolating polymer is dried, and infrared spectrum is qualitative, weighs;
Step 8, opens second container (step gradient density pipe) bottom valve, deslagging.
Preferably, the flotation fluid is calcium nitrate solution, and density is 1.0-1.60g/cm3, and isopropanol water solution, it is close Spend scope 0.79-1.0g/cm3;The dispersant is calgon and sodium oxalate.
Preferably, the flotation fluid in second container and soil mixture are stirred using agitating device in step 2 Mix, 5min-10min is stood after stirring;Wherein, the rotating speed of stirring motor is 1800rpm-2100rpm.
Such scheme is employed, the soil containing polymer is positioned in the second container for having a certain amount of flotation fluid, stirred Mix, add after appropriate dispersant, then add a certain amount of flotation fluid in second container, realize that soil is separated with polymer;Stand, Polymer in soil is suspended into flotation fluid upper strata, and the residue of soil be deposited on residue in the first container bottom, soil from Discharged at slag-drip opening, soil polyalcohol is stayed in second container, realizes initial gross separation;According to the physical chemistry of isolating polymer The characteristics such as matter, species, and the interface of second container (step gradient density pipe) set feature, pass through the first container Density flotation fluid, coutroi velocity forms step gradient column density in second container;Stand, according to step gradient density The gradient direction of post, opens second container (step gradient density pipe) side valve, filters, washing, collected polymer;It is dry Dry, infrared spectrum is qualitative, weighs, and realizes that different types of polymers is separated in soil.This separator can isolate polymer, Purpose is type, state and its behavior for understanding polymer in soil;Simultaneously, it can also be used to soil sanitation, discarded modeling is realized Material is recycled, and saves resource.Its first separation high purity 80.4% to the universal polymer such as HDPE, PS, PC and PVC with On.
The above described is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, being not the limitation for making other forms to the present invention, appoint What those skilled in the art changed or be modified as possibly also with the technology contents of the disclosure above equivalent variations etc. Imitate embodiment.But it is every without departing from technical solution of the present invention content, the technical spirit according to the present invention is to above example institute Any simple modification, equivalent variations and the remodeling made, still fall within the protection domain of technical solution of the present invention.

Claims (1)

1. the separator of polymer separates the separation method of polymer in soil in a kind of soil, it is characterised in that
The separator of polymer in the soil, including the first container with inlet and outlet;Also include have import and The second container of multiple outlets;Rotating speed adjustable lifting type stirring device is set in second container;The outlet of first container and second The inlet communication of container is simultaneously provided with the flow speed controller that medium flow field is led in second container in the first container of control, second container The first vessel media introducing port at import is in Z-shaped shape, the tapering outlet in inclined-plane;The side different directions of the second container point Outlet, and the separate filter that connection is exported are not opened up, and bottom sets funnelform slag-drip opening;
Z-shaped introducing port at first vessel media to second container import is the tapering outlet on inclined-plane, to reduce to liquid The impact in face;
The side of the second container opens up outlet in different directions respectively, and bottom is the slag-drip opening that gentle slope funnel-form has valve;
The separation method of polymer comprises the following steps in the separator separation soil of polymer in the soil:
Step one, from the separator of polymer in described soil, flotation fluid is stored in the storage of the first container flotation fluid In device;Imported with certain flow velocity in second container step gradient density pipe;
Step 2, crushes soil, is quantitatively positioned in second container step gradient density pipe, adds appropriate dispersant, stirs, Soil is separated with polymer;Polymer poly combines in solution upper strata, and soil is slowly deposited on second container step gradient density pipe Bottom;
Step 3, stirring vane lifts away from second container step gradient density pipe, stands;
Step 4, according to the physicochemical properties of isolating polymer, plants class feature, and second container step gradient density pipe Interface setting requirements, pass through the density flotation fluid of the first container, coutroi velocity, in second container formed feature ladder Formula Graded Density post;
Step 5, stands;
Step 6, according to the gradient direction of step gradient column density, opens second container step gradient density pipe side valves Door, filtering, collected polymer, washing;Filter membrane in separate filter is in the drying that temperature is 65 DEG C -75 DEG C, drying time 2.5h-3.5h;
Step 7, isolating polymer is dried, and infrared spectrum is qualitative, weighs;
Step 8, opens second container step gradient density bottom of the tube valve, deslagging;
The flotation fluid is calcium nitrate solution, and density is 1.0-1.60g/cm3, and isopropanol water solution, density range 0.79- 1.0g/cm3;The dispersant is calgon and sodium oxalate;
The flotation fluid in second container and soil mixture are stirred using lifting type stirring device in step 2, after stirring Stand 5min-10min;Wherein, the rotating speed of stirring motor is 1800rpm-2100rpm.
CN201410550374.0A 2014-10-16 2014-10-16 The separator and separation method of polymer in soil Expired - Fee Related CN104646408B (en)

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CN106363835B (en) * 2016-10-27 2018-10-12 中国科学院水生生物研究所 Micro- plastics separation method and device
CN106492510B (en) * 2016-10-31 2018-09-14 华南理工大学 Polymer separation method
CN108906348B (en) * 2018-03-05 2023-10-10 中国标准化研究院 Separation device and separation method for separating microplastic and cellulose crystals in soil
CN109591222B (en) * 2018-12-07 2020-10-09 佛山科学技术学院 Sorting device for different-particle-size micro-plastics in soil
CN109342170A (en) * 2018-12-12 2019-02-15 中国地质科学院水文地质环境地质研究所 A kind of full-automatic soil gradation grade pretreating device
CN109986720B (en) * 2019-03-15 2020-05-19 河海大学 Efficient micro-plastic separation device and method

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