CN106360664A - 一组止咳抗菌消炎清音治疗咽喉炎的橘红保健食品 - Google Patents
一组止咳抗菌消炎清音治疗咽喉炎的橘红保健食品 Download PDFInfo
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- CN106360664A CN106360664A CN201610685730.9A CN201610685730A CN106360664A CN 106360664 A CN106360664 A CN 106360664A CN 201610685730 A CN201610685730 A CN 201610685730A CN 106360664 A CN106360664 A CN 106360664A
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- exocarpium citri
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Abstract
讲话过多，过度疲劳，精神紧张，睡眠不足等是常见急慢性咽喉炎的诱发因素，细菌、病毒等病原微生物的感染是急性咽炎的主要致病因素，在预防及治疗的过程中，抗炎及抗病原微生物的感染是重要的治疗方法，本发明提出用橘红，甘草和乌梅组成的复方制剂，具有明确的针对口腔易感染的病原微生物的抗菌作用，也有明确的止咳祛痰，抗炎及免疫抑制作用，是预防和治疗急慢性咽喉炎的新制剂。本发明可以通过创新的或常规的生产工艺分别制成橘红果皮片，橘红含片，橘红口香糖，橘红薄荷糖和橘红饮料保健产品使本发明得以实施，这些保健产品特别适用于临床急慢性咽喉炎等患者的预防保健及治疗。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一组止咳抗菌消炎清音的橘红保健食品，该保健食品由可以作为食品应用的中药橘红，乌梅和甘草组成，具有化痰止咳，抗菌，抗炎及免疫抑制作用，可以方便通过创新的或常规的生产工艺分别，制成橘红果皮片，橘红含片，橘红口香糖，橘红薄荷糖和橘红饮料保健产品，这些保健产品特别适用于临床急慢性咽喉炎等患者的预防保健及治疗，属医学保健产品的技术领域。
背景技术
咽喉炎是一种常见病，多发病，常见于说话过多，食用刺激性食物或身体疲劳后出现或加重，主要症状有咽部不适，干、痒、胀，分泌物多而灼痛，易干恶，有异物感，咯之不出，吞之不下等表现。急性咽喉炎起病急，先有咽部干燥，灼热感，继而疼痛，吞咽唾液时咽痛，可伴发热，头痛，食欲不振和四肢酸痛，侵及喉部时，可伴声嘶和咳嗽。慢性咽炎是一种病程发展缓慢的慢性炎症，常与邻近器官或全身性疾病并存，如鼻窦炎、腺样体残留或潴留脓肿、咽囊炎等。过度疲劳，精神紧张，睡眠不足等是诱发咽炎的常见因素，主要病因包括寒冷或干燥的气候(寒冷可造成咽部粘膜血管收缩，吞噬细胞数目减少，局部抵抗力下降；干燥可影响咽部粘液分泌和纤毛蠕动，降低对空气的清洁、加湿作用，直接对咽部粘膜造成刺激和损害)。邻近器官疾病(如鼻腔；鼻窦、口腔、牙齿、牙龈、喉、气管、支气管等邻近器官的急、慢性炎症，沿着粘膜、粘膜下组织、局部淋巴和血液循环侵犯到咽部，或炎性分泌物反复刺激咽部，或鼻病呼吸受阻而被迫张口呼吸等，均可导致咽炎)。全身疾病(如过敏体质或患有全身疾病，如风湿热、痛风、糖尿病，心脏病、贫血、肾炎、气管炎、肺气肿、支气管扩张、结核、肝硬变及消化系统疾病造成的营养不良、便秘等，均可导致全身抵抗力下降、咽部血液循环障碍，进而引发咽炎)。病原微生物(包括细菌、病毒、螺旋体、立克次体等，是急性咽炎的主要致病因素，可直接来源于空气、饮食，也可间接来源于血液循环和淋巴循环)。物理或化学性刺激(如讲话过多，喜食辛辣、烫热饮食，烟酒过度，化学性气体、粉尘等空气污染，均可损伤咽部粘膜上皮和腺体，破坏局部防御体系)。咽喉炎的治疗病因治疗是重要的一环，但局部治疗对改善症状，减轻疼痛也很重要，目前国内治疗咽喉炎的中药复方制成的糖浆，含片及含漱剂等有许多品种，功效也各有千秋，但由于咽喉炎的病因复杂，至今还没有公认的理想药物。
橘红，为芸香科植物橘Citrus reticulata Blanco及其栽培变种的干燥外层果皮，其中，化州橘红又名“化皮”、“化州陈皮”、“柚皮橘红”等，橘红具有理气化痰，健胃消食，用于脾胃气滞所致脘腹胀满，疼痛、恶心呕吐、不思饮食之证。因其性偏温燥，可治疗风寒咳嗽、喉痒痰多、食积伤酒和呕恶痞闷等症。化州橘红主要有效成分有挥发油、肌醇、维生素B1、黄酮甙等，能促进胃液分泌，有助于消化；能稀释痰液，有利痰的排出；还可降低胆固醇、降低毛细血管的脆性，以防止微细血管出血。果肉含维生素C较高。有消食、解酒毒功效。化州橘红皮的内含物具有抗氧化、抗过敏、降血压和抗肿瘤等作用，有研究显示橘红多糖具有降血糖、降血脂、抗氧化、抗炎等多种生物活性。有学者对化州橘红挥发油、总多糖、总黄酮等主要有效部位的镇痛抗炎、化痰止咳作用进行研究，结果发现总多糖、挥发油、总黄酮这几种有效成分都有以上所说的功效，而且与剂量呈现一定的相关性。从化州橘红中分离得到多糖类成分，经药理实验和临床观察，表明化州橘红多糖具有显著的止咳化痰作用，对慢性支气管炎和肺气肿均有良好的治疗效果，未见毒副作用。在抗菌研究方面，有学者观察到橘红袋泡剂在体外抑菌定性实验中对肺炎双球菌、甲型链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌有一定抑制作用，对流感杆菌似无抑菌作用，而橘红丸对上述4种病菌似无抑菌作用，在体外抑菌定量实验中橘红袋泡剂对金黄色葡萄球菌的最低抑菌浓度为6.25％，对肺炎双球菌、甲型链球菌的最低抑菌浓度为25％。这些结果表明，橘红有显著的止咳化痰作用，对急慢性咽喉炎的致病微生物，包括细菌、病毒等还没有较强的杀灭作用，单独应用治疗急慢性咽喉炎还有较大的缺陷。
甘草，为豆科甘草属多年生草本植物的根及根茎(Glycyrrhiza uralensisFisch)，是一种常用的抗炎中草药。甘草含有多种化学成分，主要成分有甘草酸、甘草甙、甘草甜素、甘草次酸、甘草甙、异甘草甙、新甘草甙、新异甘草甙、甘草素、异甘草素以及甘草西定、甘草醇、异甘草醇、7-甲基香豆精、伞形花内酯等数十种化合物，但这些成分和数量通常会随甘草的种类、种植区域、采收时间等因素的不同而异。研究表明，甘草甜素和黄酮类物质是甘草中最重要的生理活性物质，主要存在于甘草根表皮以内的部分。甘草的镇咳祛痰作用早已为中西医临床广为应用，甘草口服后能覆盖在发炎的咽部粘膜上，缓和炎性刺激而镇咳，研究表明甘草次酸胆碱盐对豚鼠吸入氨水和电刺激猫喉上神经引起的咳嗽都有明显的抑制作用，故认为其镇咳作用为中枢性的。甘草还能促进咽部和支气管粘膜分泌，使痰易于咳出，呈现祛痰镇咳作用。甘草具有明显的抗炎及免疫抑制作用，研究表明甘草次酸对大鼠棉球肉芽肿、甲醛性浮肿、结核菌素反应、皮下肉芽肿性炎症均有抑制作用，甘草酸能非特异地增强巨噬细胞的吞噬活性，并可消除抑制性巨噬细胞的抑制活性，巨噬细胞产生的免疫调节介质对免疫系统的调节十分重要，甘草酸则对免疫调节介质的产生具有一定作用，甘草酸还具有诱生IFN-γ的活性的作用。有人给小鼠静脉注射20μg/ml甘草酸2次，发现脾细胞IFN产生能力增加，有人采用双抗体夹心ELISA法体外实验表明，甘草酸能增强PWM诱导的多克隆IgM的产生，认为甘草酸促进抗体的产生，部分原因是因为巨噬细胞被活化。实验表明，甘草酸有较强的补体抑制作用，其抑制血清补体总活性(CH50)的有效浓度为1mmol/L。甘草酸是一种有效的生物应答修饰剂。在增强机制免疫功能的同时抑制变态反应的发生。在抗病毒方面甘草酸对肝炎病毒，艾滋病病毒具有明显抑制作用，已经证明甘草酸可以抑制这些病毒的增殖，并具有免疫激活作用，甘草酸抗爱滋病病毒是通过抑制细胞膜上某种酶来抑制爱滋病病毒增殖的。甘草酸苷对SARS相关冠状病毒的复制具有冒险的抑制作用，甘草酸苷不仅抑制病毒的复制，而且还在病毒复制的早期抑制病毒的吸附和穿膜，它在病毒的吸附期及吸附期后都非常有效。甘草对金黄葡萄球菌、溶血链球菌、结核杆菌、白喉杆菌等的呼吸、蛋白质的合成、核糖核酸的形成均有强烈的抑制作用。甘草能降低金黄葡萄球菌毒性物质的形成和促进人体白细胞对该菌的蚕噬。甘草的1个抑菌单位(通常将一种药物的最小抑菌浓度定为该药物的1个抑菌单位。如甘草对金葡菌的最小抑菌浓度为1/640，则1/640即为对金葡菌的1个抑菌单位)能降低金葡菌溶血素64倍、降低血浆凝固酶32倍，其1/2个抑菌单位(1/1280)虽无抑菌作用，但能影响血浆凝固酶的形成，使中性粒细胞对金葡菌的吞噬作用明显加强。这些结果表明，甘草与橘红乌梅组成复方制剂，在止咳抗菌抗炎增强机体免疫力有协同作用，而且在抗菌抗病毒方面可以弥补橘红的不足，使到该复方在治疗急慢性咽喉炎方面更加完善及有效。
乌梅，为蔷薇科植物梅(Prunus mume Sieb.et Zuce)的干燥近成熟果实，具有敛肺，涩肠，生津，安蛔之功效，常用于肺虚久咳，久泻久痢，虚热消渴，蛔厥呕吐腹痛。乌梅的主要成分为有机酸、氨基酸、糖类、挥发油、脂类、甾醇类、生物碱、黄酮类等。乌梅的药理作用主要是抗菌作用十分显著，还有镇咳、安蛔、抗肿瘤、抗过敏、抗氧化和抗生育等作用。研究表明，乌梅及其制剂在体外对大肠杆菌、痢疾杆菌、伤寒杆菌、副伤寒杆菌、霍乱杆菌、百日咳杆菌、变形杆菌、炭疽杆菌、白喉杆菌、类白喉杆菌、脑膜炎杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、肺炎球菌、溶血性链球菌、人形结核杆菌、绿脓杆菌均有抑制作用，而且对拟态弧菌、梅氏弧菌、霍利斯弧菌有抑制作用，对苍须癣菌等真菌也有一定的抑制作用。尤对葡萄球菌、枯草杆菌大肠杆菌及伤寒杆菌有较强的作用。其中对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制效果定量报道为：MIC50为1∶320，MIC90为1∶160。还有研究者以琼脂扩散法测定了乌梅提取物对15种口腔致病菌的最低抑菌浓度和最低杀菌浓度，发现在每2g/ml-1的浓度范围内，乌梅提取物对这些致病菌均有抑制作用，因此，乌梅的抗菌作用是一个潜在的治疗急慢性咽喉炎的口服抗菌剂，本发明把乌梅与橘红组成复方，充分发挥乌梅的抗菌作用，同时增强了橘红的化痰止咳作用，此外，甘草的抗炎及免疫抑制作用对促进炎症的恢复也有重要的协同作用，这三种药组成的复方，就可以使急慢性咽喉炎的患者得到更好的治疗及保健。
发明内容
本项目发明人注意到，急慢性咽喉炎的患者，讲话过多，过度疲劳，精神紧张，睡眠不足等是常见的诱发因素，但细菌、病毒等病原微生物的感染是急性咽炎的主要致病因素，在预防及治疗的过程中，抗炎及抗病原微生物的感染是重要的对症治疗和对因治疗方法。本发明提出用橘红，甘草和乌梅组成的复方制剂，具有明确的针对口腔易感染的病原微生物的抗菌作用，也有明确的止咳祛痰，抗炎及免疫抑制作用，是预防和治疗急慢性咽喉炎的新制剂。本发明可以通过下述方法制成止咳抗菌消炎清音的橘红果皮片，橘红含片，橘红口香糖，橘红薄荷糖和橘红饮料获得实施：
1、止咳抗菌消炎清音的橘红果皮片及其生产方法：取橘红果实切开两半，放入纯净水渗泡，取出，晾干，切成可供咀嚼的果片，烘干；再取乌梅和甘草按1∶1的生药比例，水提两次，然后浓缩到50％，添加10～30％蜂蜜，制成乌梅甘草提取液，然后把橘红果片放进该提取液中渗泡8到12小时，取出，烘到半干，取出，放进含薄荷脑的白酒中渗泡，取出，晾干，包装即好。
2、止咳抗菌消炎清音的橘红含片及其制作方法：取橘红，甘草，乌梅加10～15倍量水煎煮二次，每次1～2小时，合并煎液，滤过，滤液浓缩至1∶5；药渣烤干，加10倍量75％乙醇回流提取二次，每次1小时，合并提取液，减压回收乙醇后与上述浓缩液合并，浓缩至相对密度为1.11～1.18(80℃)，制备成中药提取液，然后，取该中药提取液喷雾干燥，加入薄荷脑和辅料，制成颗粒，混匀，压片，即得。上述中药提取物液还可以按照中药片剂，胶囊剂，冲剂，颗粒剂，糖浆剂的生产方法制备为中药片剂，胶囊剂，冲剂，颗粒剂，糖浆剂，供临床应用。
3、止咳抗菌消炎清音的橘红口香糖及其制作方法：取橘红，甘草，乌梅加10倍量75％乙醇回流提取二次，每次1小时，过滤，合并两次醇提取液，减压回收乙醇，得醇提物，药渣烤干，加12倍量水煎煮二次，每次1.5小时，合并煎液，滤过，滤液浓缩至1∶3；与上述醇提物合并，加入口香糖配方量的胶基、薄荷脑及配料，按照通常的口香糖的生产方法，制成具有止咳抗菌消炎清音功效的口香糖产品。
4、止咳抗菌消炎清音的橘红薄荷糖及其生产方法：取橘红，甘草，乌梅加15倍量水煎煮二次，每次1.5小时，合并煎液，滤过，滤液浓缩至1∶3～6，加入薄荷脑和果糖，制备成中药提取液，以5～10％的比例添加进以白砂糖、淀粉糖浆为主料的糖果配方中，按照生产硬质糖果的方法，生产出橘红薄荷糖；该中药提取物液可以添加进乳脂糖果、凝胶糖果和压片糖果的配方中，生产出橘红乳脂糖果、橘红凝胶糖果和橘红压片糖果。
止咳消炎清音的橘红饮料及其生产方法：取橘红，甘草，乌梅加15倍量水煎煮二次，每次1.5小时，合并煎液，滤过，滤液浓缩至1∶8～12，制备成中药提取液，以5～10％的比例添加进饮料用水中，即可配制成具有止咳抗菌消炎清音功效的橘红饮料。
本发明所述的止咳抗菌消炎清音的防治急慢性咽喉炎的橘红保健食品，其配方中提到的甘草可以由甘草甜素所取代。
本发明提出的一组止咳抗菌消炎清音的防治急慢性咽喉炎的橘红保健食品，还可以按照中药的生产方法制备为中药片剂，胶囊剂，冲剂，颗粒剂，糖浆剂，供临床应用。
具体实施方式：
以下是本发明的具体实施例，对本发明的技术方案做进一步作描述，但是本发明
的保护范围并不限于这些实施例，凡是不背离本发明构思的改变或等同替代均包括在本发明的保护范围之内。
实施例一
止咳抗菌消炎清音的橘红果皮片生产方法：该方法包括橘红果皮片的制作及乌梅甘草提取液的制备；①橘红果皮片的制作：取橘红果实切开两半，放入纯净水渗泡2～3次，每次两小时，取出后，晾干水分，切成可供咀嚼的果片，60℃烘干，备用；②乌梅甘草提取液的制备：取乌梅和甘草按1∶1的生药比例，水提两次，过滤，合并滤液，浓缩到50％，添加10～30％蜂蜜，混合，备用；③将上述制备好的橘红果片放进乌梅甘草提取液中渗泡10到15小时，取出，再60℃烘至五成干，取出，放进含薄荷脑的52℃白酒中渗泡1到3分钟，取出，继续60℃烘干至七成干，取出，分装，即可。
实施例二
止咳抗菌消炎清音的橘红含片的生产方法：该方法包括中药材的水提与醇提两部分的制作：取橘红，甘草，乌梅加12倍量水煎煮二次，每次1.5小时，合并煎液，滤过，滤液浓缩至1∶5；药渣烤干，加10倍量75％乙醇回流提取二次，每次1小时，合并提取液，减压回收乙醇后与上述浓缩液合并，浓缩至相对密度为1.13～1.15(80℃)，制备成中药提取液，然后，取该中药提取液喷雾干燥，加入薄荷脑和辅料，混匀，压片，即得。
实施例三
止咳抗菌消炎清音的橘红口香糖的生产方法：取橘红，甘草，乌梅加10倍量75％乙醇回流提取二次，每次1小时，过滤，合并两次醇提取液，减压回收乙醇，得醇提物，药渣烤干，加12倍量水煎煮二次，每次1.5小时，合并煎液，滤过，滤液浓缩至1∶3；与上述醇提物合并，加入口香糖配方量的胶基、薄荷脑及配料，按照通常的口香糖的生产方法，制成具有止咳抗菌消炎清音功效的口香糖产品。
实施例四
取橘红，甘草，乌梅加15倍量水煎煮二次，每次1.5小时，合并煎液，滤过，滤液浓缩至1∶3～6，加入薄荷脑和果糖，制备成中药提取液，以5～10％的比例添加进以白砂糖、淀粉糖浆为主料的糖果配方中，按照生产硬质糖果的方法，生产出橘红薄荷糖。
实施例五
止咳消炎清音的橘红饮料的生产方法：取橘红，甘草，乌梅加15倍量水煎煮二次，每次1.5小时，合并煎液，滤过，滤液浓缩至1∶8～12，制备成中药提取液，以5～10％的比例添加进饮料用水中，即可配制成具有止咳消炎清音功效的橘红饮料。
上述实施例所述的止咳抗菌消炎清音的防治急慢性咽喉炎的橘红保健食品，其配方中提到的甘草可以由甘草甜素所取代。
上述实施例所述的一组止咳抗菌消炎清音的防治急慢性咽喉炎的橘红保健食品，还可以按照中药的生产方法制备为中药片剂，胶囊剂，冲剂，颗粒剂，糖浆剂，供临床应用。
Claims (4)
1.一组止咳抗菌消炎清音的防治急慢性咽喉炎的橘红保健食品，其特征为该保健食品的配方是由橘红、乌梅和甘草三种既是食品又是药品的成分制备而成，通过下述生产工艺分别制成橘红果皮片，橘红含片，橘红口香糖，橘红薄荷糖和橘红饮料：
(1)橘红果皮片的生产方法：取橘红果实切开两半，放入纯净水渗泡，取出，晾干，切成可供咀嚼的果片，烘干；再取乌梅和甘草按1∶1的生药比例，水提两次，然后浓缩到50％，添加10～30％蜂蜜，制成乌梅甘草提取液，然后把橘红果片放进该提取液中渗泡8～12小时，取出，烘到半干，取出，放进含薄荷脑的白酒中渗泡，取出，晾干，包装，即得；
(2)橘红含片的制作方法：取橘红，甘草，乌梅加10～15倍量水煎煮二次，每次1～2小时，合并煎液，滤过，滤液浓缩至1∶5；药渣烤干，加10倍量75％乙醇回流提取二次，每次1小时，合并提取液，减压回收乙醇后与上述浓缩液合并，浓缩至相对密度为1.11～1.18(80℃)，制备成中药提取液，然后，取该中药提取液喷雾干燥，加入薄荷脑和辅料，制成颗粒，混匀，压片，即得；
(3)橘红口香糖的制作方法：取橘红，甘草，乌梅加10倍量75％乙醇回流提取二次，每次1小时，过滤，合并两次醇提取液，减压回收乙醇，得醇提物，药渣烤干，加12倍量水煎煮二次，每次1.5小时，合并煎液，滤过，滤液浓缩至1∶3；与上述醇提物合并，加入口香糖配方量的胶基、薄荷脑及配料，按照通常的口香糖的生产方法，制成具有止咳抗菌消炎清音功效的口香糖产品；
(4)橘红薄荷糖的生产方法：取橘红，甘草，乌梅加15倍量水煎煮二次，每次1.5小时，合并煎液，滤过，滤液浓缩至1∶3～6，加入薄荷脑和果糖，制备成中药提取液，以5～10％的比例添加进以白砂糖、淀粉糖浆为主料的糖果配方中，按照生产硬质糖果的方法，生产出橘红薄荷糖；
(5)橘红饮料的生产方法：取橘红，甘草，乌梅加15倍量水煎煮二次，每次1.5小时，合并煎液，滤过，滤液浓缩至1∶8～12，制备成中药提取液，以5～10％的比例添加进饮料用水中，即可配橘红饮料。
2.如权利要求1所述的一组止咳抗菌消炎清音的防治急慢性咽喉炎的橘红保健食品，其配方中提到的甘草可以由甘草甜素所取代。
3.如权利要求1所述的一组止咳抗菌消炎清音的防治急慢性咽喉炎的橘红保健食品，其橘红含片的生产方法提到的中药提取物液可以按照中药片剂，胶囊剂，冲剂，颗粒剂，糖浆剂的生产方法制备为中药片剂，胶囊剂，冲剂，颗粒剂，糖浆剂，供临床应用。
4.如权利要求1所述的一组止咳抗菌消炎清音的防治急慢性咽喉炎的橘红保健食品，其橘红薄荷糖的生产方法提到的中药提取物液可以添加进乳脂糖果、凝胶糖果和压片糖果的配方中，生产出橘红乳脂糖果、橘红凝胶糖果和橘红压片糖果。
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| CN115671180A (zh) * | 2022-10-26 | 2023-02-03 | 中山大学 | 柚皮油在制备保护咽部黏膜上皮屏障和修复功能受损的药物等大健康产品中的应用 |
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