CN106352734A - 飞机空调系统热交换器离位超声波清洗方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种飞机空调系统热交换器离位超声波清洗方法。所采用的清洁剂由桔子油10-20、十二烷基硫酸钠30-50、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚10-20、烷基糖苷10-20、乙醇10-20、去离子水100组成。清洗方法是将清洁剂注入清洗槽内,然后加入酸而将清洗剂的pH值调至5,之后将待除垢的热交换器放入清洗槽内,利用清洗剂浸泡至少24小时,同时辅以超声波处理,之后用清水清洗6‑12小时直至热交换器表面的污垢完全去除即可完成整个清洗过程。与采用普通清洗剂相比,本发明方法能够在同等清洗时间下,对同等污染程度的飞机空调系统热交换器的表面污垢进行有效清除,从而可使热交换器的换热效率得到更大提升,热交换器的压降下降程度更大。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于民用航空技术领域,特别是涉及一种飞机空调系统热交换器离位超声波清洗方法。
背景技术
飞机空调系统的正常工作对于确保飞机乘客的旅行安全和设备的安全运输至关重要,其不仅需要为乘客提供舒适的环境,而且要为密闭客舱增压。热交换器是飞机空调系统的重要组成装置,其性能关系到整个飞机空调系统的可靠性。热交换器散热表面结垢是国内民航飞机运行过程中普遍存在的问题,结垢会导致热交换器性能迅速下降,进而引发飞机空调系统出现故障。而近年来,我国大部分航空公司的主要干线飞机波音737空调系统故障率比较高,特别是炎热的夏季,故障往往会接二连三地出现,这样不仅会给航线维护、飞机放行等产生相当的影响,同时也会影响航空企业的运营效益与维护成本。
因此,为保证飞机空调系统的正常运行,航空公司需要定期将飞机空调系统热交换器卸下进行清洗。但航空公司目前使用的车间清洗工艺并不能取得理想的效果,因此难以有效处理污染严重或污染物固着结垢的热交换器,使得由于热交换器清洗不合格而造成的返工率居高不下。另外,采用的清洁剂中含有一定的卤素成份,因此对铝合金材质的热交换器带来腐蚀和损伤。国内一些航空公司为应对这一难题,不惜每1.8万飞行小时整体更换散热芯,但换芯仍不能根本解决腐蚀问题和污染造成的故障问题。另外,换芯需要切割散热器后焊装新的芯体,工艺复杂且成本高昂。尽管针对民航飞机空调系统热交换器污染结垢导致的故障采取了很多措施,付出了巨大的代价,但总体效果并不理想,未能从根本上扭转目前的被动局面。
为此,本申请人曾于2012年向中国知识产权局专利局提交过一份名为“一种含桔子油的环保型清洁剂及制备方法”的发明专利申请并获得授权,该清洁剂由以重量份计的下列原料组成:
这种清洁剂是利用含有80%以上柠檬烯的桔子油作为主要成分,并与多种表面活性剂复配而制成,其具有较低的表面张力,清香杀菌,能够有效地去除有机油污,并且不腐蚀被清洗物的表面,而且由于桔子油是从属于天然植物的桔子皮中提炼而成,所以其对环境及人体健康无害,并可生物降解且不燃烧、不爆炸,因而使用起来十分安全,可以广泛应用于工业、日用生活和医疗等领域。
经分析,目前造成飞机空调系统热交换器散热表面结垢的污染物主要来自于低空大气和机场地面大气环境。典型的大气污染物,如总体颗粒物、烟气和植物花粉等在湿气作用下,会附着于散热表面,并在热交换器的典型工作温度(90-120℃)下结成牢固附着的垢块。此种垢块已被证明用现有的常规清洗剂和清洗工艺无法有效去除,易残留较多污垢。由于污垢在多次工作-清洗循环中不断积累,使热交换器过早失效。
本发明人对垢块进行了采样分析,发现其成分为典型的以矿物质颗粒为主的沉积垢。而目前采用的清洁剂和清洗工艺并未针对垢块的这一特征采取针对性措施,导致清洗效率较差。工业清洗中针对此类型的沉积垢,在清洗方法设计中会采取增加清洗液酸度的方法促进垢块崩解,但在飞机空调热交换器的清洗中并无先例。
飞机空调热交换器为气-气换热,为了确保较高的换热效率,冷却空气流道内包含大量的波纹状散热翅,翅片间距极其狭窄(典型缝宽为1.0mm),且为进一步强化冷却空气的湍流,散热翅彼此之间还呈现交错分布的状态。因此,目前采用的清洗工艺中的机械搅拌或鼓泡搅拌等方法,难以将机械功传递到热交换器内部的待清洁部位,无法驱动清洗液流动,垢块崩解效果较差。
发明内容
为了解决上述问题,本发明的目的在于提供一种利用现有环保型清洁剂清除飞机空调系统热交换器上污垢的飞机空调系统热交换器离位超声波清洗方法。
为了达到上述目的,本发明提供的飞机空调系统热交换器离位超声波清洗方法所采用的清洁剂由以重量份计的下列原料组成:
在本发明的清洁剂中,桔子油的含量相对于上述专利中所述配比有所减少,其目的是减轻桔子油对热交换器外壳防腐漆的溶蚀。
所述的清洗方法是将上述清洁剂注入清洗槽内,然后加入酸而将清洗剂的pH值调至5,之后将待除垢的热交换器放入清洗槽内,利用清洗剂浸泡至少24小时,同时辅以超声波处理,之后用清水清洗6-12小时即可完成整个清洗过程。
所述的酸为柠檬酸。
所述的超声波处理时超声波功率为6kW。超声波清洗槽的槽壁和槽底与热交换器间距为5~10cm,热交换器浸没于清洗剂液面下至少5cm。
与采用普通清洗剂相比,本发明提供的飞机空调系统热交换器离位超声波清洗方法的有益效果:利用清洁剂中桔子油和其他表面活性成分对垢块中的憎水性有机质具有显著乳化增溶的作用,同时添加柠檬酸以加大酸度,从而促进垢块中的矿物质成分部分地溶解于水中,使垢块的整体构造被解离,易于在机械功作用下崩解。而且使用对铝合金材质具有缓蚀作用的柠檬酸,而非无机酸,可避免热交换器在清洗过程中被清洁剂腐蚀。在清洗过程中,引入了超声波辐照,并通过控制热交换器与清洗槽壁面和底面的间距,使超声波的机械功能有效导入热交换器内部的待清洗区域,在散热翅片上引起超声空化效应,进一步促进垢块崩解,并在之后的水漂洗阶段脱落。本发明方法能够在同等清洗时间下,对同等污染程度的飞机空调系统热交换器的表面污垢进行有效清除,从而可使热交换器的换热效率得到更大提升,热交换器的压降下降程度更大
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明提供的飞机空调系统热交换器离位超声波清洗方法进行详细说明。
实施例1:
本实施例提供的飞机空调系统热交换器离位超声波清洗方法所采用的清洁剂由以重量份计的下列原料组成:
所述的清洗方法是将上述清洁剂注入清洗槽内,然后加入柠檬酸而将清洗剂的pH值调至5,柠檬酸能够很好地与金属离子发生络合反应,在铝合金表面附着,起到一定的缓蚀作用,之后将待除垢的热交换器放入清洗槽内,利用清洗剂浸泡至少24小时,同时辅以超声波处理,超声波处理时超声波功率为6kW。之后用清水清洗6小时。
实施例2:
本实施例提供的飞机空调系统热交换器离位超声波清洗方法所采用的清洁剂由以重量份计的下列原料组成:
所述的清洗方法是将上述清洁剂注入清洗槽内,然后加入柠檬酸而将清洗剂的pH值调至5,之后将待除垢的热交换器放入清洗槽内,利用清洗剂浸泡至少24小时,同时辅以超声波处理,超声波处理时超声波功率为6kW。最后用清水清洗12小时。
实施例3:
本实施例提供的飞机空调系统热交换器离位超声波清洗方法所采用的清洁剂由以重量份计的下列原料组成:
所述的清洗方法是将上述清洁剂注入清洗槽内,然后加入柠檬酸而将清洗剂的pH值调至5,之后将待除垢的热交换器放入清洗槽内,利用清洗剂浸泡至少24小时,同时辅以超声波处理,超声波处理时超声波功率为6kW。最后用清水清洗9小时。
为了验证上述实施例中飞机空调系统热交换器离位超声波清洗方法的效果,本发明人利用具有卤素成份的普通清洗剂作为对照组而进行了如下实验:
将具有卤素成份的普通清洗剂倒入清洗槽内,测量清洗剂pH为7左右,之后将与上述实施例中污染程度相同的待除垢的热交换器放入清洗槽内,室温下辅以超声波处理,超声波功率为3kW,之后用清水清洗6-12小时。
经测定,经过本发明清洗方法清洗后的飞机空调系统热交换器的换热效率最高能达到90%左右,高出对照组的84%;飞机空调系统热交换器冷却介质流动阻力下降为对照组的80%。
Claims (3)
1.一种飞机空调系统热交换器离位超声波清洗方法,所采用的清洁剂由以重量份计的下列原料组成:
其特征在于:所述的清洗方法是将上述清洁剂注入超声波清洗槽内,然后加入酸而将清洗剂的pH值调至5,之后将待除垢的热交换器放入槽内,利用清洗剂浸泡至少24小时,同时辅以超声波处理,之后用清水清洗6-12小时即可完成整个清洗过程。
2.根据权利要求1所述的飞机空调系统热交换器离位超声波清洗方法,其特征在于:所述的酸为柠檬酸。
3.根据权利要求1所述的飞机空调系统热交换器离位超声波清洗方法,其特征在于:所述的超声波处理时超声波功率为6kW,槽壁和槽底与热交换器间距为5~10cm,热交换器浸没于清洗剂液面下至少5cm。
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