CN106350160A - 环境友好型工业齿轮油组合物 - Google Patents

环境友好型工业齿轮油组合物 Download PDF

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CN106350160A
CN106350160A CN201610620390.1A CN201610620390A CN106350160A CN 106350160 A CN106350160 A CN 106350160A CN 201610620390 A CN201610620390 A CN 201610620390A CN 106350160 A CN106350160 A CN 106350160A
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唐彩珍
雷敬玲
卢姗
王友东
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Guangxi Land Renewable Energy Co Ltd
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Abstract

一种环境友好型工业齿轮油组合物，包括复合基础油和添加剂，其特征是本发明的工业齿轮油组合物由87.00％～78.50％的复合基础油和添加剂组成，复合基础油由季戊四醇酯和聚α‑烯烃复合而成。本发明的环境友好型工业齿轮油组合物在摩擦副表面形成油膜，抗磨减摩性能良好；氧化安定性和防锈性能突出，其对齿轮具有良好的防护性能，组分组成稳定，无毒无刺激，可生物降解、对环境友好，使用寿命长，适用于在苛刻条件下运行的工业齿轮设备的润滑。

Description

环境友好型工业齿轮油组合物
技术领域
本发明涉及工业齿轮油、尤其是一种环境友好型工业齿轮油组合物。
背景技术
20世纪70年代末，在欧洲市场上就出现了可生物降解润滑油，20世纪80年代初，可生物降解润滑油开始在森林开发等领域得到应用。进入90年代以来，一些国家已经立法禁止在环境敏感地区如水源、矿山等地区使用非可生物降解润滑油品。目前，包括工业齿轮油在内的可生物降解润滑油得到了越来越广泛的应用。润滑油大都由90％以上的基础油加上各种添加剂组成，基础油无疑是影响润滑油生物降解性能的决定性因素。可生物降解润滑油的的基础油主要有植物油、合成酯、聚α烯烃(PAO)，聚乙二醇等，它们的理化性能各有特点。目前广泛应用的基础油多是植物油和合成酯，它们均有很好的生物降解能力。季戊四醇酯是可降解合成型基础油中的典型代表。季戊四醇酯属于多元醇酯类，酯基多，且相邻碳原子上没有活泼氢，使得油品具有良好的氧化安定性、润滑性及低温流动性能。而季戊四醇酯能够在较短的时间内被活性生物分解，避免进入环境污染陆地、江河、湖泊，从而保护生态环境和生态平衡。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种抗磨减摩性能良好、氧化安定性和防锈性能突出、有良好防护性能、组分组成稳定、无毒无刺激、可生物降解、对环境友好、使用寿命长、适合于在苛刻条件下运行的环境友好型工业齿轮油组合物。
本发明以如下技术方案解决上述技术问题：
本发明的环境友好型工业齿轮油组合物，各组分及质量百分数为：
以上各组分质量百分比之和为100％。
基础油由质量比60％～40％季戊四醇酯和40％～60％聚α-烯烃PAO复合而成。
制备季戊四醇酯的主要原料来自地沟油，制得的季戊四醇酯理化性质为：运动粘度(100℃)9.37mm2/s，密度(20℃)kg/m3，酸值0.11mgKOH/g，凝点-22℃，闪点216℃。
抗磨剂由质量比40％～50％磷酸三甲酚酯和60％～50％硫化异丁烯复合。
抗氧剂由质量比30％～50％二烷基二苯胺和70％～50％的2、6—二叔丁基混合酯复合。
摩擦改进剂是磷酸酯。
油性剂是苯三唑脂肪酸胺型。
金属钝化剂是噻二唑衍生物。
防锈剂由质量比40％～50％的烯基丁二酸半酯与60％～50％的石油磺酸钡复合。
本发明的环境友好型工业齿轮油组合物能在摩擦副表面形成致密油膜，抗磨减摩性能良好；氧化安定性和防锈性能突出，对齿轮具有良好的防护性能，其组分组成稳定，无毒无刺激，可生物降解、对环境友好，使用寿命长，适用于由于苛刻条件运行工业齿轮的润滑。
具体实施方式
酯类油可以使橡胶密封材料膨胀，单独使用会影响设备密封效果。而聚α-烯烃具有使橡胶材料收缩的特性，本发明加入聚α-烯烃与季戊四醇酯复合作为基础油，可使得橡胶密封材料保持稳定的密封效果。
硫化异丁烯具有硫元素，磷酸三甲酚酯具有磷元素，这两种添加剂在较高温度下放出活性元素，能在金属表面形成牢固的化学反应膜，二者复合使用，可显著降低齿轮机件表面的磨损程度，延长设备使用寿命。
本发明中的基础油为季戊四醇酯与聚α-烯烃复合，与矿物油相比，复合的基础油具有良好的抗剪切、抗磨、减摩性能。制备季戊四醇酯的主要原料来自地沟油，用季戊四醇制备季戊四醇酯的制取过程为：动植物油经过在碱性条件下水解得到游离脂肪酸，游离脂肪酸与季戊四醇在170℃～220℃条件及有机锡催化条件下进行酯化反应，并经过过滤、干燥、提纯等精制处理得到季戊四醇酯。季戊四醇酯的理化性质见表1。酯类基础油具有良好的可生物降解性能，加之动植物油脂来源广泛，季戊四醇酯的制取工艺越来越成熟，季戊四醇酯必然会取代矿物型基础油，成为未来润滑油基础油发展的主流。
聚α-烯烃除了具有使橡胶材料收缩的特性，还具有优良的高温热氧化安定性，应用温度范围宽，粘温性能好，结焦少，对添加剂感受性好等优点。聚α-烯烃与季戊四醇酯复合，使基础油具有良好的配伍性能。添加剂在基础油中可以发挥最大的作用，增强油品的综合性能，延长换油期，并保护齿轮运动副，减少设备维修所带来的损失。
工业齿轮油广泛应用于冶金、矿山、金属加工等行业的闭式齿轮装置，随着科学技术及工业生产的发展，齿轮传动向着体积小、重量轻、高速重载和大功率的方向发展。本发明采用多种功能型添加剂，包括抗氧剂、抗磨剂、摩擦改进剂、油性剂、金属钝化剂、防锈剂等，赋予工业齿轮油良好的抗磨、减摩、氧化安定性、防腐性能等优点，使得本发明可用于多种齿轮设备，包括正齿轮、伞齿轮、斜齿轮、人字齿轮、螺旋伞齿轮、蜗轮蜗杆、双曲线齿轮等，能满足齿轮启动、停车、低速重载、高速重载等有冲击负荷条件下工作时齿轮的润滑要求。
表1季戊四醇酯的理化性质
实施例1
将下列组分按其质量百分比调和而成：
实施例2
将下列组分按其质量百分比调和而成：
实施例3
将下列组分按其质量百分比调和而成：
以下是实施例3的环境友好型工业齿轮油组合物技术参数测定结果：
环境友好型工业齿轮油组合物典型数据
经实验测定，证明本发明的环境友好型工业齿轮油组合物低温流动性较好，可以在较低温度下使用，扩大了油品的使用季节及工作地区；油品的防腐能力可达到铜片腐蚀1a等级，极大的增强了齿轮机件抗腐蚀性能；油品的承载能力满足使用要求，对齿轮运动副起到良好的抗磨极压作用，适用于多种齿轮件的润滑。此外，本发明中使用的季戊四醇酯是以废弃油脂为原料进行化学加工而得，其简单易得，成本低廉，环保可再生，从而降低了本发明齿轮油的生产成本，提高了经济效益。

Claims (9)

1.一种环境友好型工业齿轮油组合物，包括复合基础油和添加剂，其特征是本发明的润滑油组合物各组分及其质量百分数为：
以上各组分质量百分比之和为100％。
2.如权利要求1所述的环境友好型工业齿轮油组合物，其特征是基础油由质量比60％～40％季戊四醇酯和40％～60％聚α-烯烃PAO复合而成。
3.如权利要求2所述的环境友好型工业齿轮油组合物，其特征是制备季戊四醇酯的主要原料来自地沟油，制得的季戊四醇酯理化性质为：100℃运动粘度9.37mm2/s，20℃密度0.8kg/m3，酸值0.11mgKOH/g，凝点-22℃，闪点216℃。
4.如权利要求1所述的环境友好型工业齿轮油组合物，其特征是抗磨剂由质量比40％～50％磷酸三甲酚酯和60％～50％硫化异丁烯复合。
5.如权利要求1所述的环境友好型工业齿轮油组合物，其特征是抗氧剂由质量比30％～50％二烷基二苯胺和70％～50％的2、6—二叔丁基混合酯复合。
6.如权利要求1所述的环境友好型工业齿轮油组合物，其特征是摩擦改进剂是磷酸酯。
7.如权利要求1所述的环境友好型工业齿轮油组合物，其特征是油性剂是苯三唑脂肪酸胺型。
8.如权利要求1所述的环境友好型工业齿轮油组合物，其特征是金属钝化剂是噻二唑衍生物。
9.如权利要求1所述的环境友好型工业齿轮油组合物，其特征是防锈剂由质量比40％～50％的烯基丁二酸半酯与60％～50％的石油磺酸钡复合。
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