CN106350077A - Preparation method of carbon-based improver for reducing cadmium absorption of rice grains - Google Patents
Preparation method of carbon-based improver for reducing cadmium absorption of rice grains Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a preparation method of a carbon-based improver for reducing cadmium absorption of rice grains. The preparation method comprises the following steps: 1, preparing a composite extracting solution from sodium citrate, sodium bicarbonate and sodium disulfate; 2, grinding silicon-enriched solid industrial waste to obtain solid industrial waste granules with the grain size being less than or equal to 1 mm; 3, mixing the solid industrial waste granules and the composite extracting solution, performing intermittent oscillation for 1 to 2 days and filtering to obtain a filtrate; 4, mixing biomass raw materials which are aired and crushed and the filtrate, soaking for 3 to 4 days and filtering to obtain the soaked biomass raw materials; 5, mixing the soaked biomass raw materials and lime, airing and performing pyrolysis carbonization under the protection of nitrogen to obtain the carbon-based improver. By the preparation method, the effective state silicon content of the soil is increased, the absorption capacity of crops of rice and the like, on the silicon is effectively improved, and cadmium absorption of a rice root system and migration of the cadmium from the root system to the grains are significantly inhibited.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to environmental pollution improvement and agricultural product quality and safety technical field, it is related to one kind and is used for reducing Oryza sativa L. seed
The preparation method of the charcoal based modifier of grain Cd uptake.
Background technology
At present, much area all suffers from being lived by industrial and agricultural productions such as commercial production, mining activity, sewage irrigations in the whole world
The heavy metal pollution moved and cause.Because the bio-refractory of heavy metal and easy accumulation property lead to heavy metal in agricultural soil
Pollution accumulation, biological amplification is so that heavy metal pollution has brought serious threat to ecological environment and human health in addition.
The focus of existing a lot of research are the in-situ immobilization of heavy metal pollution, and the administration of soil-repairing agent is wherein more popular
Research direction.It is right that cadmium in soil, hydrargyrum, arsenic etc. are classified as emphasis monitoring by " the Soil Pollution Control action plan " issued recently
As., as the staple food of the most of population in Asia, its yield and quality are closely bound up with the people's livelihood for rice, but the heavy metal such as cadmium is in water
Migration accumulation in rice becomes one of major reason of impact yield of brown rice and quality.Therefore, reduce Oryza sativa L. to heavy metals such as cadmiums
Absorption and accumulation to improve yield of brown rice and quality, there is higher researching value and meaning.
South China soil is in acid due to having relatively low ph, the metal ion in soil more active so that soil
Earth heavy metal pollution problem is more prominent., as southern staple crops, its heavy metal pollution problem is increasingly serious, especially for Oryza sativa L.
It is cadmium rice problem to occur so that heavy metal pollution of soil not only brings destruction to environment on Hunan and other places, also health is made
Become serious to threaten.As a kind of Silicon-rich crop, the silicon that it is absorbed not only has obvious promotion to make to Oryza sativa L. to the raising of its yield
With the absorption to cadmium for the Oryza sativa L. can also be significantly inhibited.But, south rice soil is stronger due to air slaking and leaching, result in
Silicone content in parent soil material is relatively low；In addition soils in south china acidity is stronger, and the metal ion such as ferrum, aluminum is more active, soil
In effectively silicon often cementing by iron-aluminium oxide, in soil, the bioavailability of silicon is very low, and crop is difficult to absorb.
The form of the available state silicon in soil includes sodium carbonate combined state silicon, sodium bicarbonate combined state silicon, citric acid extraction
State silicon, ammonium oxalate extraction state silicon, Sodium Acetate Trihydrate combined state silicon and sodium citrate-sodium bicarbonate-two sodium sulfate combined state silicon (dcb-
Si) etc., wherein dcb-si content and the cadmium content of Culm of Rice and root have significant negative correlation, that is, as dcb- in soil
When the silicone content of si form is higher, the amount that Oryza sativa L. can absorb silicon significantly improves, when each histiocyte of Oryza sativa L. absorbs more abundance
Silicon when, silicon can form co-precipitation with cadmium on rice cell wall, thus reducing cadmium to the transport in rice grain.Same with this
When, the dcb-si in soil can reduce the absorption to cadmium for the rice root further with the cadmium competitive Adsorption site in soil.So
And not only Financial cost is high to apply the silicate such as potassium silicate, sodium silicate at present in soil, and in alkaline soils due to drenching
The effect of washing easily causes the loss of effective silicon；And be applied to acid stronger soil, and easily by Iron in Soil aluminum oxide
Cementing passivation and reduce plant and silicon absorbed.In soil, liming can improve soil ph thus improving silicon in soil
Biological effectiveness, but as Calx or dcb-si are directly applied to the risk that soil can cause activated silica in soil to run off,
And Calx a large amount of high frequency administration can lead to more serious soil compaction it is therefore desirable to prepare a kind of environment friend of highly effective and safe
Good type modifying agent.
By by the biomass such as straw carry out high temperature limit the biomass carbon made of oxygen thermal cracking have higher specific surface area,
The characteristics such as ph, cation exchange capacity (CEC) (cec) and high porosity, therefore can be utilized the high porosity of biomass carbon, by activated silica
Being filled in hole, activated silica is carried on biomass carbon to be applied in soil, being wrapped up by hole and micro- domain alkalescence
Environment adjustment effect, not only reduces the potential loss risk of active element, also protects the biological activity of active element.In addition, it is sharp
With biomass carbon as the carrier of activated silica, soil fertility not only can be effectively improved, activated silica can also be carried out assembling simultaneously
Be fixed on rhizosphere position, thus increase the plant of effective element to property so that produce between effective element and plant efficiently and
Stable reciprocal action, and then improve the utilization rate of element, effectively reduce the amount of application of modifying agent and apply cost.Although it is biological
Matter charcoal make carrier add related compound with improve its heavy metal passivation research it has been reported that but due to add ferrum
The multiple compounds such as salt, silicate and sulfate, the interaction between different compounds may be to silicon in biomass carbon
Biological effectiveness produces larger inhibitory action.Accordingly, it would be desirable to the composition simplification loading biomass carbon, reduce load composition
Between negative influence；Meanwhile, need the silicon richness of dcb-si is stored in micro- domain environment of alkalescence, the life higher to guarantee dcb-si
Thing activity.
Content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to: the problem existing for above-mentioned prior art, propose one kind and be used for reducing Oryza sativa L. seed
The preparation method of the charcoal based modifier of grain Cd uptake.
Technical scheme is as follows:
A kind of charcoal based modifier preparation method for reducing rice grain Cd uptake, comprises the following steps:
The first step, with sodium citrate, sodium bicarbonate, two sodium sulfate as raw material, be configured to compound extraction with 70～80 DEG C of warm water
Solution, in compound extracting solution, the concentration of sodium citrate refers to mol/l for 0.025～0.03m(wherein m), sodium bicarbonate
Concentration is 0.5～0.6m, and the concentration of two sodium sulfate is 0.005～0.01m；
Second step, the solid industrial garbage that will be enriched in silicon are ground, and obtain the granule of particle diameter≤1mm；
3rd step, be 1g:(5～10 according to mass volume ratio) ratio of ml by the solid industrial after grinding discard composition granule with
After compound extracting solution is mixed and stirred for uniformly, intermittent oscillation 1～2 day, filters the filtrate that must be rich in dcb-si；
4th step, it is 1g:(40～100 according to mass volume ratio) ratio (preferably 1g:50ml～80ml) of ml is by dried and crushed
Biomass material afterwards is soaked 3～4 days after being mixed with the filtrate rich in dcb-si, is filtrated to get the biomass material after immersion；
5th step, take 100 parts of the biomass material after immersion and the mixing of 1～2 part of Calx according to mass fraction, dry, in nitrogen
Carry out thermal cracking carbonization 2～3 hours from room temperature to 450～600 DEG C under protection, obtain charcoal based modifier.
The present invention is extracted from trade waste using sodium citrate-sodium bicarbonate-two sulphuric acid sodium composite extracting solution
Obtain the solution rich in dcb-si form activated silica, recycle the solution soaking biomass material rich in dcb-si, by biomass
Carry out anaerobic thermal cracking so that available state silicon (dcb-si) is distributed in biomass carbon surface and hole, in its mesopore effectively
State silicon is difficult by leaching loss in soil, and with the addition of Calx due in raw material, has built micro- domain of alkalescence by liming effect
Environment, the available state silicon being prevented effectively from hole is fixed by metal ions such as Iron in Soil aluminum, and then has ensured biomass
Activity in soil for the silicon that charcoal carries and biological effectiveness, significantly improve Oryza sativa L. and silicon are absorbed.In addition, by Calx with
Carbonization after biomass material mixing, the also efficient hardening improved effect to acid ground for the modifying agent, thus improve soil further
The biological effectiveness of the original silicon being passivated in earth, thus improve the absorption to silicon in soil for the Oryza sativa L. further.
Preferably, in described solid industrial garbage, the content of soluble silica is more than 25%, the content of alkaline components
More than 40%, the content of heavy metal is less than 0.025%, and data above is all measured according to mass percent.
Preferably, described solid industrial garbage is at least one of slag, slag, slag.
Preferably, described biomass material is rice husk, rice straw, wheat stalk, corn straw, cotton stalk, Brassica campestris L
In straw one or more.
Preferably, in second step, solid industrial discards the particle diameter preferably 0.5～1mm of composition granule.
Preferably, the residue filtering in the 3rd step was repeated by the operational approach in the 3rd step using compound lixiviating solution
Filter 2～3 times, obtains filtrate, and filtrate is merged in case the 4th step uses.
Preferably, in the 5th step, heating rate is 20～30 DEG C/min.
Preferably, in the 5th step, charcoal based modifier is cooled to after room temperature, is placed in hermetically sealed can and preserves；Described charcoal base changes
In good dose, the content of available state silicon (dcb-si) is more than 0.6%, and its ph is 9～11.
Invention further provides the charcoal based modifier of said method preparation.
Invention still further provides a kind of using method of charcoal based modifier, the method comprises the following steps: takes charcoal
Based modifier is ground so as to particle diameter ＜ 0.25mm, and the charcoal based modifier amount of application after grinding refers to public affairs for 5～10t/ha(ha
Hectare).The charcoal based modifier of particle diameter ＜ 0.25mm is manured into soil, can improve negative on the stability of biomass carbon and biomass carbon
Carry the utilization rate of element, the particle diameter preferably 0.2～0.25mm of charcoal based modifier.
The method have the advantages that
1. the charcoal based modifier of the present invention is rich in dcb-si, is changed by the cadmium generation competitive Adsorption in dcb-si and soil and charcoal base
The good dose of fixing effect to Cadmium in Soil, can effectively suppress the absorption to Cadmium in Soil for the rice root, to resistance control cadmium pollution rice field
The Cd uptake of middle Oryza sativa L. has higher inhibition and stronger specific aim, makes modifying agent have higher utilization ratio.Simultaneously
Because rice root absorbs the silicon of abundance, reduce the silicon of rice root on the ground by promoting the co-precipitation of cell wall
Partial transfer, thus significantly suppress the absorption and accumulation to cadmium for the rice grain, reduces cadmium content in rice grain；
2. the present invention prepares charcoal based modifier using interpolation Calx in biomass, is full of dcb-si in the hole of charcoal base carrier,
And the alkalescence micro- domain environment using Calx reinforcement carrier hole, effectively increase effectiveness in soil for the dcb-si and targeting
Property, both can ensure the biological activity of the available state dcb-si that biomass carbon is loaded, the ph that improve soil can be utilized again, thus dropping
The activity of the metal ions such as low Iron in Soil aluminum, and activate the biological effectiveness of original silicon in the soil of glued passivation, increase
Oryza sativa L. absorbs to silicon；
3. the present invention is safely and effectively recycled to agriculture and industry waste, not only process is simple, cheap, be easy to get,
Also reduce the pollution to environment for the agriculture and industry waste, it is to avoid destroy ecological environment.
In a word, the charcoal based modifier of the present invention solves single modifying agent and applies the unstable and multiple passivation of effect producing
The co-administered side effect bringing of agent, increased soil available silicone content, effectively improves the absorption to silicon for the crops such as Oryza sativa L.,
Significantly suppress rice root to the absorption of cadmium and cadmium from root system to the migration of seed, thus significantly improving by available state silicon
The regulation effect of suppression Oryza sativa L. Cd uptake, it is ensured that the safety in production of pollution paddy rice, especially has to acid soil in the south
Specific aim regulation effect well.
Brief description
Fig. 1 is soil ph under different disposal, in dcb-si content and rice grain in soil cadmium content schematic diagram.
Specific embodiment
Below by embodiment, the present invention will be further described, but the present invention is not limited only to these examples.
Embodiment 1
The concrete preparation method of the charcoal based modifier rich in available state silicon is as follows:
The first step, with sodium citrate, sodium bicarbonate, two sodium sulfate as raw material, be configured to compound extracting solution with 80 DEG C of warm water,
In compound extracting solution, the concentration of sodium citrate refers to mol/l for 0.025m(wherein m), the concentration of sodium bicarbonate is 0.5m,
The concentration of two sodium sulfate is 0.005m；
Second step, selection soluble silica content are 30%, and alkaline components content is 45%, and content of beary metal is less than
0.025% slag, and slag is ground so as to particle diameter is 0.5mm；
3rd step, according to the ratio for 1g:6 ml for the mass volume ratio, the slag particle after grinding is mixed with compound extracting solution
Merge after stirring, intermittent oscillation 2 days, filters, takes filtering residue to repeat extraction, filter 23, collect filtrate；
4th step, soak after according to mass volume ratio, the rice straw after dried and crushed is mixed by the ratio for 1g:50ml with filtrate
Bubble 3 days, takes out the rice straw after must soaking；
5th step, take 100 parts of the rice straw after immersion and the mixing of 1.5 parts of Calx according to mass fraction, dry, in nitrogen protection
Under from room temperature to 550 DEG C (heating rate be 25 DEG C/min), thermal cracking carbonization 40min obtains charcoal based modifier afterwards, treat charcoal base
After modifying agent is cooled to room temperature, it is placed in hermetically sealed can and preserves, the content 0.8% of available state silicon (dcb-si) in charcoal based modifier, its
Ph is 10.1.
Above-mentioned charcoal based modifier is taken to be ground so as to particle diameter is 0.2mm, by the charcoal based modifier after grinding with 10t/ha
Amount of application apply in the paddy soil of cadmium pollution.
Embodiment 2
The concrete preparation method of the charcoal based modifier rich in available state silicon is as follows:
The first step, with sodium citrate, sodium bicarbonate, two sodium sulfate as raw material, be configured to compound extracting solution with 80 DEG C of warm water,
In compound extracting solution, the concentration of sodium citrate is 0.03m, and the concentration of sodium bicarbonate is 0.6m, and the concentration of two sodium sulfate is
0.01m；
Second step, selection soluble silica content are 26%, and alkaline components content is 42%, and content of beary metal is less than
0.025% slag, and slag is ground so as to particle diameter is 1mm；
3rd step, according to the ratio for 1g:10ml for the mass volume ratio, the steel slag particle after grinding is mixed with compound extracting solution
Merge after stirring, intermittent oscillation 1 day, filters, takes filtering residue to repeat extraction, filter 2 times, collect filtrate；
4th step, soak after according to mass volume ratio, the wheat stalk after dried and crushed is mixed by the ratio for 1g:60ml with filtrate
Bubble 3 days, takes out the wheat stalk after must soaking；
5th step, take 100 parts of the wheat stalk after immersion and the mixing of 2 parts of Calx according to mass fraction, dry, under nitrogen protection
From room temperature to 600 DEG C (heating rate is 30 DEG C/min), thermal cracking carbonization 30min obtains charcoal based modifier afterwards, treats that charcoal base changes
After good dose is cooled to room temperature, it is placed in hermetically sealed can and preserves, the content 0.86% of available state silicon (dcb-si) in charcoal based modifier, its
Ph is 11.
Above-mentioned charcoal based modifier is taken to be ground so as to particle diameter is 0.25mm, by the charcoal based modifier after grinding with 10t/
The amount of application of ha applies in the paddy soil of cadmium pollution.
Embodiment 3
The concrete preparation method of the charcoal based modifier rich in available state silicon is as follows:
The first step, with sodium citrate, sodium bicarbonate, two sodium sulfate as raw material, be configured to compound extracting solution with 80 DEG C of warm water,
In compound extracting solution, the concentration of sodium citrate is 0.028m, and the concentration of sodium bicarbonate is 0.55m, and the concentration of two sodium sulfate is
0.005m；
Second step, selection soluble silica content are 40%, and alkaline components content is 50%, and content of beary metal is less than
0.025% blast furnace slag, and blast furnace slag is ground so as to particle diameter is 0.8mm；
3rd step, according to the ratio for 1g:10 ml for the mass volume ratio by the blast furnace solid impurity particle after grinding and compound extracting solution
After being mixed and stirred for uniformly, intermittent oscillation 2 days, filters, takes filtering residue to repeat extraction, filter 23, collect filtrate；
4th step, soak after according to mass volume ratio, the rice straw after dried and crushed is mixed by the ratio for 1g:80ml with filtrate
Bubble 4 days, takes out the rice straw after must soaking；
5th step, take 100 parts of the rice straw after immersion and the mixing of 1.8 parts of Calx according to mass fraction, dry, in nitrogen protection
Under from room temperature to 500 DEG C (heating rate be 25 DEG C/min), thermal cracking carbonization obtains charcoal based modifier in 1 hour afterwards, treat charcoal base
After modifying agent is cooled to room temperature, it is placed in hermetically sealed can and preserves, the content 0.75% of available state silicon (dcb-si) in charcoal based modifier,
Its ph is 10.8.
Above-mentioned charcoal based modifier is taken to be ground so as to particle diameter is 0.22mm, by the charcoal based modifier after grinding with 10t/
The amount of application of ha applies in the paddy soil of cadmium pollution.
Embodiment 4
The passivation pot experiment to southern acidic cadmium polluted soil for the charcoal based modifier rich in available state silicon, concrete test method is such as
Under:
Collection somewhere smeltery pollution farmland top layer 0～20cm soil, and will soil natural air-dry after cross 2mm sieve, this soil
Earth basic physical and chemical is as shown in table 1.
The basic physical and chemical of table 1 Polluted paddy soil soil
| Test index | Content |
| ph(h2o) | 6.1 |
| Organic carbon/g kg-1 | 20.2 |
| Full nitrogen/g kg-1 | 1.8 |
| Cation exchange capacity (CEC)/cmol kg-1 | 15.6 |
| dcb-si/mg·kg-1 | 253.2 |
| Cadmium content/mg kg-1 | 4.9 |
Test setting:
Weigh 12 ± 0.5kg soil respectively to put in 9 Plastic Drums (Plastic Drum diameter 40cm, high 45cm), and be respectively labeled as
Ck, bsl1, bsl2, bsl3, b, bl, l1, l2 and l3, are then tested according to following process: ck: without any tune
Reason agent；Bsl1: charcoal based modifier prepared by embodiment 1 applies in Plastic Drum according to the amount of application of 10t/ha；Bsl2: will implement
The charcoal based modifier of example 2 preparation applies in Plastic Drum according to the amount of application of 10t/ha；Bsl3: charcoal base prepared by embodiment 3 changes
The good dose of amount of application according to 10t/ha applies in Plastic Drum；B: apply the common biomass carbon of 12kg soil+30g in this Plastic Drum；
Bl: apply 12kg soil+3.6g Calx to this Plastic Drum；L1: to this Plastic Drum apply 12kg soil, and using dilution 100 times by
The filtrate pouring root of embodiment 1 the 3rd step preparation；L2: to this Plastic Drum apply 12kg soil, and using dilution 100 times by embodiment
The filtrate pouring root of 2 the 3rd step preparations；L3 to this Plastic Drum apply 12kg soil, and using dilution 100 times by embodiment 3 the 3rd step
The filtrate pouring root of preparation.Each process is repeated 3 times, and Plastic Drum is positioned in glasshouse.
Test method:
Apply various modifying agents in rice growing the last fortnight.Gather Oryza sativa L. in rice seedling, tillering stage, jointing stage and period of maturation
And pedotheque, measure the cadmium content in soil ph, soil dcb-si content, the cadmium content of different shape and rice grain.
The impact to cadmium content in Oryza sativa L. different growing stages stem and leaf for the different disposal is shown in Table 2, and different disposal is to Oryza sativa L. not syngenesis
The impact of long-term root cadmium content is shown in Table 3.
Impact (the mg kg to different growing stems and leaves of rice cadmium content for table 2 different disposal-1)
Table 3 different disposal is to different growth period duration of rice root cadmium content (mg kg-1) impact
Different growing stage in Oryza sativa L., compared with ck, tri- modifying agents of bsl1, bsl2, bsl3 be can be seen that by table 2, table 3
Process and all can significantly reduce the absorption to cadmium of stems and leaves of rice and root, reduce scope between 41～71%.But, overall knot
Fruit shows that three modifying agents process the decrease uptake effect to stem and leaf part and are better than root, and therefore explanation modifying agent can pass through
The content increasing dcb-si in soil promoting the absorption and accumulation to dcb-si for the Oryza sativa L. overground part, thus it is thin to increased rice tissue
Intracellular dcb-si and the co-precipitation of cadmium, and then significantly reduce the absorption and accumulation to cadmium for the Oryza sativa L. overground part.
The impact to cadmium content and cadmium transfer ratio in rice maturity stem and leaf and seed for the different disposal is shown in Table 4.
Table 4 rice maturity stem and leaf and seed cadmium content (mg kg-1) and cadmium transfer ratio
From the data of cadmium content and transfer ratio in the period of maturation rice grain of table 4, at three modifying agents of bsl1 to bsl3
Reason significantly reduces the cadmium at stems and leaves of rice position to the transport in seed, and with respect to ck, three modifying agents are processed to reduction Oryza sativa L.
The contribution rate of seed Cd uptake has respectively reached 93.5%, 95.1% and 94.3%.To sum up, with do not apply or apply single tune
Section agent is compared, charcoal based modifier can by suppress Oryza sativa L. in different growing stage to the absorption and accumulation of cadmium and cadmium by rice root
To significantly reduce the cadmium content in rice grain to the migration of seed.
Embodiment 5
The pot experiment to southern acidic cadmium polluted soil for the charcoal based modifier rich in available state silicon, concrete test method is as follows:
Collection is analyzed by the soil of the rice field top layer 0～30cm of cadmium pollution, basic physical and chemical such as table 5 institute of this soil
Show.
The basic physical and chemical of table 5 contaminated soil
| Analysis project | Content value |
| ph(h2o) | 4.9 |
| ec(ms·cm-1) | 0.3 |
| Organic carbon (g kg-1) | 21.6 |
| Dissolved organic carbon (mg kg-1) | 283 |
| Total nitrogen (g kg-1) | 1.49 |
| Available nitrogen (mg kg-1) | 177 |
| Total phosphorus (g kg-1) | 0.79 |
| Available phosphoruss (mg kg-1) | 23.9 |
| Total cadmium (mg kg-1) | 3.1 |
| dcb-si(mg·kg-1) | 221 |
Test setting:
Weigh 12 ± 0.5kg soil respectively and put in 3 Plastic Drums (Plastic Drum diameter 40cm, high 45cm), modifying agent is processed
(bsl): apply the charcoal based modifier of embodiment 2 preparation in the first 7 days amounts of application according to 10t/ha of rice growing, and in Oryza sativa L. not
Same growth period foliage-spray dilutes 300 times of the lixiviating solution being obtained by modifying agent extraction；Lime treatment (bl): to this plastics
Bucket applies 12kg soil+3.6g Calx；Space management (ck): do not apply any modifying agent, conditioner.Each process is repeated 3 times, will
Plastic Drum is positioned in glasshouse.
Conventionally Cultivate administration is carried out to Oryza sativa L., Oryza sativa L. maturation after measurement rice grain in cadmium content and
Dcb-si content (see figure 1) in soil ph and soil.As shown in Figure 1, with respect to comparison and lime treatment, modifying agent is processed to be had
Effect improves soil ph and dcb-si content, and wherein dcb-si content increased 32 times and 27 times respectively；Compared with the control, stone
Ash processes the cadmium content not significantly reducing in rice grain, and in the rice grain of this process, cadmium content still exceeds food peace
Full standard (0.2 mg kg-1), and modifying agent processes the cadmium content then extremely significantly reducing in seed, and make Oryza sativa L. seed
Cadmium in grain has reached safety criterion (< 0.2 mg kg-1)；By comparing modifying agent, two kinds of Calx is processed to soil ph and soil
The impact of dcb-si content in earth, processes impact to cadmium content in rice grain in conjunction with above two, it is possible to find with to photograph
Than, lime treatment and modifying agent process and ph are increased with effect zero difference, it will thus be seen that with respect to ph, dcb-si in soil
Content to reduce rice grain in cadmium content there is conclusive impact effect.
In addition to the implementation, the present invention can also have other embodiment.For example adopt 70 DEG C or 75 DEG C in the first step
Warm water configures compound extracting solution, and in compound extracting solution, the concentration of two sodium sulfate can be between 0.005～0.01m
Any value；In 3rd step, solid industrial discards composition granule with the mass volume ratio of compound lixiviating solution can be also 1g:5ml or 1g:
8ml；In 4th step, biomass material and the mass volume ratio of filtrate can also be 1g:100ml or 1g:40ml, biomass material
Can also be corn straw or rice husk；In 5th step, biomass material and the ratio of lime quality can also be 100:1, thermal cracking
Temperature also can be 450 DEG C, and programming rate is 20 DEG C/min, and in charcoal based modifier, the ph of available state silicon can also be 9, and charcoal base is improved
Agent amount of application can also be 10t/ha or 20t/ha, the technical scheme of all employing equivalents or equivalent transformation formation, all fall within
The protection domain of application claims.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of preparation method of the charcoal based modifier for reducing rice grain Cd uptake, is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
The first step, with sodium citrate, sodium bicarbonate, two sodium sulfate as raw material, be configured to compound extraction with 70～80 DEG C of warm water
Solution, in compound extracting solution, the concentration of sodium citrate is 0.025～0.03m, and the concentration of sodium bicarbonate is 0.5～0.6m,
The concentration of two sodium sulfate is 0.005～0.01m；
Second step, the solid industrial garbage that will be enriched in silicon are ground, and obtain the solid industrial garbage of particle diameter≤1mm
Grain；
3rd step, be 1g:(5～10 according to mass volume ratio) ratio of ml by the solid industrial after grinding discard composition granule with
After compound extracting solution mixing, intermittent oscillation 1～2 day, filters the filtrate that must be rich in dcb-si；
4th step, be 1g:(40～100 according to mass volume ratio) ratio of ml by the biomass material after dried and crushed be rich in
Soak 3～4 days after the filtrate mixing of dcb-si, filter the biomass material after must soaking；
5th step, take 100 parts of the biomass material after immersion and the mixing of 1～2 part of Calx according to mass fraction, dry, in nitrogen
Carry out thermal cracking carbonization 2～3 hours from room temperature to 450～600 DEG C under protection, obtain charcoal based modifier.
2. a kind of preparation method of the charcoal based modifier for reducing rice grain Cd uptake according to claim 1, it is special
Levying is, in described solid industrial garbage, the content of soluble silica is more than 25%, and the content of alkaline components is more than 40%, weight
The content of metal is less than 0.025%.
3. a kind of preparation method of the charcoal based modifier for reducing rice grain Cd uptake according to claim 2, it is special
Levying is, described solid industrial garbage is at least one of slag, slag, slag.
4. a kind of preparation method of the charcoal based modifier for reducing rice grain Cd uptake according to claim 1, it is special
Levying is, described biomass material is rice husk, rice straw, wheat stalk, corn straw, cotton stalk, in rape stalk one
Plant or several.
5. a kind of preparation method of the charcoal based modifier for reducing rice grain Cd uptake according to claim 1, it is special
Levying is, in second step, solid industrial discards the particle diameter preferably 0.5～1mm of composition granule.
6. a kind of preparation method of the charcoal based modifier for reducing rice grain Cd uptake according to claim 1, it is special
Levying is, the residue filtering in the 3rd step is repeated to filter 2～3 times by the operational approach in the 3rd step using compound lixiviating solution,
Obtain filtrate, and filtrate is merged in case the 4th step uses.
7. a kind of preparation method of the charcoal based modifier for reducing rice grain Cd uptake according to claim 1, it is special
Levying is, in the 5th step, heating rate is 20～30 DEG C/min.
8. a kind of preparation method of the charcoal based modifier for reducing rice grain Cd uptake according to claim 1, it is special
Levying is, in the 5th step, charcoal based modifier is cooled to after room temperature, is placed in hermetically sealed can and preserves；In prepared charcoal based modifier
The content of available state silicon is more than 0.6%, and its ph is 9～11.
9. the charcoal based modifier of any one of claim 1 to 8 methods described preparation.
10. the using method of charcoal based modifier according to claim 9, is characterized in that, comprise the following steps: takes charcoal base to improve
Agent is ground so as to particle diameter ＜ 0.25mm, and the charcoal based modifier amount of application after grinding is 5～10t/ha.
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