CN106349453A - 一种聚氨酯乳液及其应用 - Google Patents

一种聚氨酯乳液及其应用 Download PDF

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CN106349453A
CN106349453A CN201610749680.6A CN201610749680A CN106349453A CN 106349453 A CN106349453 A CN 106349453A CN 201610749680 A CN201610749680 A CN 201610749680A CN 106349453 A CN106349453 A CN 106349453A
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周守发
安佳丽
孙月
郑云霞
王辉
崔书海
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Hefei Lucky Science and Technology Industry Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种聚氨酯乳液,采用预聚合单体一次投料反应,双键封端,在涂布功能涂层后,聚氨酯分子链中的双键可参与UV固化,同时采用三元醇进行内交联,增加聚氨酯分子链的交联程度。本发明聚酯薄膜经过高温横向拉伸固化后,有利于功能层涂布液的渗透、铺展。经过UV老化72h,功能涂层和聚酯薄膜间的附着力达到100%不脱落。本发明提供的含有底涂层的聚酯薄膜可用作扩散膜、硬化膜、增亮膜。

Description

一种聚氨酯乳液及其应用
技术领域
本发明涉及平板显示技术领域,特别是一种聚酯薄膜底涂用的聚氨酯乳液,以及表面涂布有该乳液的聚酯薄膜、使用该聚酯薄膜的扩散膜、硬化膜和增亮膜。
背景技术
聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)薄膜由于具有优良的机械性能、电气性能和耐化学腐蚀性能,被广泛用于液晶显示器(LCD)、模内装饰(如增亮膜、扩散膜、硬化膜等)等生产领域。但由于聚酯薄膜表面的高度结晶取向,导致它表面性能较差,与各种油墨、粘合剂、涂料等物质之间粘接性差。通过在PET表面涂覆含有聚酯类树脂、聚丙烯酸酯类树脂、聚氨酯类树脂的粘接层,来改善聚酯薄膜与其他功能涂层界面间的附着力。
现有技术中,中国专利201310692661.0公开了一种光学聚酯薄膜用高附着力水性涂布液,该涂布液将水性聚氨酯、水溶性聚酯、氨基树脂共混,通过加入润湿剂、pH调节剂等助剂制成,将该涂布液涂覆于聚酯薄膜表面,得到涂层与薄膜附着力达到4B的预涂膜。
上述已有技术提供的聚氨酯乳液应用于聚酯薄膜表面虽然可以提高其附着力,却是水性聚氨酯、水溶性聚酯、氨基树脂三种树脂的共同作用,达到改善聚酯薄膜表面的附着力。上述聚氨酯乳液结构中不含有交联基团,固化后不含有能参与UV固化的活性基团,底涂层和功能涂层之间难以形成有效的化学键合。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题针对现有技术的不足、提供一种聚氨酯乳液,该聚氨酯乳液涂覆在聚酯薄膜表面,可以提高聚酯薄膜与其他功能涂层之间的附着力,经UV照射72h后,功能涂层100%不脱落。
本发明所要解决的另一个技术问题是提供表面涂布有该聚氨酯乳液的聚酯薄膜。
解决上述问题所采用的技术方案如下:
一种聚氨酯乳液,通过以下步骤制备:
(1)在反应器中加入聚酯多元醇10重量份~20重量份、小分子二元醇1重量份~3重量份、二异氰酸酯10重量份~20重量份、助溶剂10重量份~30重量份,加入催化剂0.04重量份~0.12重量份,在40℃~50℃反应20min~40min,再升温至70℃~90℃反应1.5h~3h,制得预聚体A;
(2)降温至50℃~60℃,向预聚体A中加入含双键封端剂0.1重量份~0.5重量份,反应30min~50min,再加入0.2重量份~1.2重量份三元醇,反应10min~20min后,加入乙醇胺中和至pH为7~10,加水稀释,得到质量分数为15%~35%的聚氨酯乳液。
上述聚氨酯乳液,所述聚酯多元醇是分子量为2000的二聚酸聚酯多元醇、聚己内酯多元醇、聚碳酸酯多元醇中的一种或任意组合。
上述聚氨酯乳液,所述小分子二元醇为二羟甲基丙酸、二羟甲基丁酸、1,4-丁二醇、1,4-丁二醇-2-磺酸钠中的一种或任意组合。
上述聚氨酯乳液,所述双键封端剂为丙烯酸羟乙酯、丙烯酸羟丙酯、甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯、甲基丙烯酸羟丙酯中的一种或任意组合。
一种聚酯薄膜,至少一个表面含有上述聚氨酯乳液制成的底涂层。
一种扩散膜,含有支持体,扩散层和防粘层,所述支持体为上述聚酯薄膜。
一种硬化膜,包括支持体和硬化层,所述支持体为上述聚酯薄膜。
一种增亮膜,含有支持体和增亮层,所述支持体为上述聚酯薄膜。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有如下优点:
1、本发明采用预聚合单体一次投料反应,预聚体的分子结构中,聚酯二元醇与小分子扩链剂分布更加均匀,交联固化成膜后,高分子链结合的更牢固,有利于提高底涂层与聚酯薄膜的附着力,也有利于增加功能层与底涂层的附着力。
2、本发明提供的聚氨酯乳液,采用含有双键的封端剂对异氰酸根进行封端,所得聚氨酯乳液含有双键,作为底涂层涂布在聚酯薄膜表面,在横向拉伸过程中,进行热固化,在底涂层表面涂覆功能涂层后,底涂层中的剩余双键可以进行UV反应,增加底涂层与功能涂层之间的附着力。
3、本发明中所用的三羟甲基丙烷含有三个羟基,在体系中起到内交联剂的作用,形成三维网状结构,同时,未完全内交联反应的羟基与底涂层涂布液中的固化剂反应,进一步增加了聚氨酯分子链的交联度,有利于增强底涂层与聚酯薄膜的附着力。
4、本发明中所用乙醇胺在中和后,在分子链上还含有多余的羟基,可与底涂层涂布液中的固化剂反应,有利于增强底涂层与聚酯薄膜的附着力。
5、本发明针对现有的功能涂层直接涂覆于薄膜表面,容易产生脱落,提供了一款新型水性聚氨酯底涂乳液,涂布这层聚氨酯乳液后,再涂布功能涂层,功能层的附着力达到100%不脱落,经过UV老化72h后,附着力仍可达到100%不脱落。
6、用本发明提供的含有底涂层的聚酯薄膜,在底涂层表面涂布功能层,分别制备得到的扩散膜、硬化膜、增亮膜,可实现功能层与底涂层附着力100%不脱落,经过UV老化72h后,附着力仍可得到100%不脱落。
具体实施方式
以下结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步详细说明,但本发明的实施方式并不限于此。
实施例1
1.聚氨酯乳液的制备
(1)在反应器中加入聚己内酯多元醇10g、二羟甲基丙酸1.5g,1,4-丁二醇0.5g,二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯10g、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺10g,二月桂酸二丁基锡0.04g,在50℃反应40min,再升温至90℃反应3h,制得预聚体A;
(2)降温至60℃,向预聚体A中加入丙烯酸羟乙酯0.1g,反应30min,再加入0.2g三羟甲基乙烷,反应20min后,加入一乙醇胺中和至pH为7,加水稀释,得到质量分数为35%的聚氨酯乳液。
2.聚酯薄膜的制备
(1)取10g上述聚氨酯乳液、0.2g固化剂、0.8g润湿剂、0.4g二氧化硅分散体的分散体液和90g去离子水,经高剪切乳化剂分散均匀,得到聚酯薄膜涂布用的底涂液;
(2)将干燥的聚酯切片熔融挤出冷却成为无取向的铸塑厚片,纵向拉伸3倍后,在其表面涂覆底涂液,再进行横向拉伸3.2倍,经230℃热定型收卷得到厚度为188μm的聚酯薄膜。
3.增亮膜的制备
在步骤2所述聚酯薄膜涂层面涂覆增亮液,在模压棱镜图案的同时进行能量为400mJ/cm2的紫外光UV照射,固化后收卷制得增亮膜,测其性能(见表1)。
实施例2
1.聚氨酯乳液的制备
(1)在反应器中加入二聚酸聚酯多元醇15g、二羟甲基丙酸1.2g,1,4-丁二醇-2-磺酸钠0.8g,异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯15g、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺20g,辛酸亚锡0.12g,在45℃反应30min,再升温至85℃反应2.5h,制得预聚体A;
(2)降温至55℃,向预聚体A中加入丙烯酸羟丙酯0.4g,反应50min,再加入1.2g三羟甲基丙烷,反应15min后,加入二乙醇胺中和至pH为8,加水稀释,得到质量分数为30%的聚氨酯乳液。
2.聚酯薄膜的制备
采用上述聚氨酯乳液,按照实施例1中聚酯薄膜的制备方法进行制备。
3.扩散膜的制备
在步骤2所述聚酯薄膜涂层面涂覆扩散液,通过能量为400mJ/cm2的紫外光进行UV照射,固化后收卷制得扩散膜,测其性能(见表1)。
实施例3
1.聚氨酯乳液的制备
(1)在反应器中加入聚碳酸酯多元醇20g、二羟甲基丁酸2g,1,4-丁二醇-2-磺酸钠1g,1,4-环己烷二异氰酸酯20g、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺30g,辛酸亚锡0.08g,在40℃反应20min,再升温至70℃反应1.5h,制得预聚体A;
(2)降温至50℃,向预聚体A中加入甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯0.5g,反应40min,再加入0.8g三羟甲基丙烷,反应10min后,加入三乙醇胺中和至pH为9,加水稀释,得到质量分数为15%的聚氨酯乳液。
2.聚酯薄膜的制备
采用上述聚氨酯乳液,按照实施例1中聚酯薄膜的制备方法进行制备。
3.硬化膜的制备
在步骤2所述聚酯薄膜涂层面涂覆硬化液,通过能量为400mJ/cm2的紫外光进行UV照射,固化后收卷制得硬化膜,测其性能(见表1)。
实施例4
1.聚氨酯酯乳液的制备
(1)在反应器中加入二聚酸聚酯多元醇15g、二羟甲基丁酸0.7g,1,4-丁二醇0.3g,二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯15g、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺15g,二月桂酸二丁基锡0.06g,在45℃反应25min,再升温至80℃反应2h,制得预聚体A;
(2)降温至60℃,向预聚体A中加入甲基丙烯酸羟丙酯0.3g,反应40min,再加入1g三羟甲基丙烷,反应10min后,加入一乙醇胺中和至pH为10,加水稀释,得到质量分数为20%的聚氨酯乳液。
2.聚酯薄膜的制备
采用上述聚氨酯乳液,按照实施例1中聚酯薄膜的制备方法进行制备。
3.增亮膜的制备
在步骤2所述聚酯薄膜涂层面涂覆增亮液,在模压棱镜图案的同时进行能量为400mJ/cm2的紫外光UV照射,固化后收卷制得增亮膜,测其性能(见表1)。
实施例5
1.聚氨酯酯乳液的制备
(1)在反应器中加入二聚酸聚酯多元醇20g、二羟甲基丁酸2g,1,4-丁二醇-2-磺酸钠1g,二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯20g、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺30g,二月桂酸二丁基锡0.08g,在40℃反应20min,再升温至70℃反应1.5h,制得预聚体A;
(2)降温至55℃,向预聚体A中加入丙烯酸羟乙酯0.2g,反应35min,再加入0.5g三羟甲基丙烷,反应15min后,加入一乙醇胺中和至pH为8,加水稀释,得到质量分数为25%的聚氨酯乳液。
2.聚酯薄膜的制备
采用上述聚氨酯乳液,按照实施例1中聚酯薄膜的制备方法进行制备。
3.硬化膜的制备
在步骤2所述聚酯薄膜涂层面涂覆一层硬化液,通过能量为400mJ/cm2的紫外光进行UV照射,固化后收卷制得硬化膜,测其性能(见表1)。
对比例
1.聚氨酯乳液的制备
(1)在反应器中加入聚己内酯多元醇10g、二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯10g、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺10g,二月桂酸二丁基锡0.04g,在50℃反应40min,再升温至90℃反应1h后,加入1,4-丁二醇0.5g进行醇扩链,反应1h后,加入二羟甲基丙酸1.5g,引入亲水性基团,反应1h后,得到预聚体A;
(2)降温至60℃,向预聚体A中加入丙烯酸羟乙酯0.1g,反应30min,再加入0.2g三羟甲基乙烷,反应20min后,加入一乙醇胺中和至pH为7,加水稀释,得到质量分数为35%的聚氨酯乳液。
2.聚酯薄膜的制备
采用上述聚氨酯乳液,按照实施例1中聚酯薄膜的制备方法进行制备。
3.增亮膜的制备
在步骤2所述聚酯薄膜涂层面涂覆增亮液,在模压棱镜图案的同时进行能量为400mJ/cm2的紫外光UV照射,固化后收卷制得增亮膜,测其性能(见表1)。
表1性能表
表中附着力测试方法如下:
采用百格法测试聚酯薄膜与功能涂层之间的附着力,经能量为340mJ/cm2UV老化试验箱老化72h后,以漆膜保留的格数评价附着力,100%表示最好,0%表示最差。

Claims (8)

1.一种聚氨酯乳液,其特征在于,通过以下步骤制备:
(1)在反应器中加入聚酯多元醇10重量份~20重量份、小分子二元醇1重量份~3重量份、二异氰酸酯10重量份~20重量份、助溶剂10重量份~30重量份,催化剂0.04重量份~0.12重量份,在40℃~50℃反应20min~40min,再升温至70℃~90℃反应1.5h~3h,制得预聚体A;
(2)降温至50℃~60℃,向预聚体A中加入含双键封端剂0.1重量份~0.5重量份,反应30min~50min,再加入0.2重量份~1.2重量份三元醇,反应10min~20min后,加入乙醇胺中和至pH为7~10,加水稀释,得到质量分数为15%~35%的聚氨酯乳液。
2.根据权利要求1所述的聚氨酯乳液,其特征在于,所述的聚酯多元醇是分子量为2000的二聚酸聚酯多元醇、聚己内酯多元醇、聚碳酸酯多元醇中的一种或任意组合。
3.根据权利要求2所述的聚氨酯乳液,其特征在于,所述的小分子二元醇为二羟甲基丙酸、二羟甲基丁酸、1,4-丁二醇、1,4-丁二醇-2-磺酸钠中的一种或任意组合。
4.根据权利要求3所述的聚氨酯乳液,其特征在于,所述的含双键封端剂为丙烯酸羟乙酯、丙烯酸羟丙酯、甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯、甲基丙烯酸羟丙酯中的一种或任意组合。
5.一种聚酯薄膜,其特征在于,至少一个表面含有如权利要求1-4中任一项权利所述聚氨酯乳液制成的底涂层。
6.一种扩散膜,含有支持体,扩散层和防粘层,其特征在于,所述支持体为权利要求5所述的聚酯薄膜。
7.一种硬化膜,包括支持体和硬化层,其特征在于,所述支持体为权利要求5所述的聚酯薄膜。
8.一种增亮膜,含有支持体和增亮层,其特征在于,所述支持体为权利要求5所述的聚酯薄膜。
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