CN106340591A - 粉末覆盖衬底加热CH3NH3PbI3钙钛矿薄膜制备方法 - Google Patents

粉末覆盖衬底加热CH3NH3PbI3钙钛矿薄膜制备方法 Download PDF

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CN106340591A
CN106340591A CN201610834340.3A CN201610834340A CN106340591A CN 106340591 A CN106340591 A CN 106340591A CN 201610834340 A CN201610834340 A CN 201610834340A CN 106340591 A CN106340591 A CN 106340591A
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CN106340591B (zh
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王晓春
丁相宇
张希艳
柏朝晖
卢利平
米晓云
孙海鹰
刘全生
王能利
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Changchun University of Science and Technology
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Abstract

粉末覆盖衬底加热CH3NH3PbI3钙钛矿薄膜制备方法属于钙钛矿太阳能电池薄膜技术领域。现有技术工艺步骤复杂,对工艺条件要求高。本发明之粉末覆盖衬底加热CH3NH3PbI3钙钛矿薄膜制备方法先在衬底上制备PbI2薄膜,CH3NH3I在PbI2薄膜内与PbI2发生固相反应生成CH3NH3PbI3钙钛矿薄膜,其特征在于,将粒径为10~50μm的CH3NH3I晶体粉末均匀平铺在所述PbI2薄膜的表面,自衬底处加热为CH3NH3I和PbI2提供80~100℃的固相反应温度,经过8~10min完成所述固相反应。该制备方法简单,工艺条件宽松;产物薄膜呈多晶态,结构致密、结晶度高、晶粒尺寸达到微米级,在可见光波段具有良好的吸收,能够用作光伏领域中的吸光材料。

Description

粉末覆盖衬底加热CH3NH3PbI3钙钛矿薄膜制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种粉末覆盖衬底加热CH3NH3PbI3钙钛矿薄膜制备方法,通过CH3NH3I(甲基碘化胺)与PbI2之间的低温固相反应,制备CH3NH3PbI3(甲基碘化铅胺)钙钛矿薄膜,所制备的薄膜呈多晶态,结构致密、结晶度高、晶粒尺寸达到微米级;该制备方法简单,工艺条件宽松。本发明属于钙钛矿太阳能电池薄膜技术领域。
背景技术
CH3NH3PbI3钙钛矿薄膜作为一种太阳能电池薄膜材料,凭借钙钛矿半导体自身具有的高光吸收系数、适合的带隙宽度、高载流子迁移率以及双载流子传输特性,使其成为一种优良的光电材料,在太阳电池中可同时作为吸光层和传输层,有望成为光伏领域第三代吸光材料。
2014年《美国化学协会杂志》136卷第2期刊登的一篇题为“采用蒸汽辅助溶解方法制备的平面异质结钙钛矿型太阳能电池”文章公开了一种CH3NH3PbI3钙钛矿薄膜的制备方法。该方法先在衬底上制备PbI2薄膜,然后在150℃温度下将CH3NH3I加热汽化,CH3NH3I气体沉积在PbI2薄膜上发生固相反应生成CH3NH3PbI3钙钛矿薄膜。在CH3NH3I气体沉积在PbI2薄膜上的过程中,填补了PbI2薄膜上的孔洞,二者经过4小时反应生成致密的CH3NH3PbI3钙钛矿薄膜,晶粒尺寸被控制在微米量级,晶粒形貌有利于均匀、致密薄膜的形成。用作太阳电池中的吸光层和传输层,具有高迁移率、低串联电阻、多填充因子、强光电流等特点。
但是,所述现有技术工艺步骤复杂,对工艺条件要求高。如将CH3NH3I在较高温度下加热气化,为防止CH3NH3I氧化,还需要建立密闭反应空间,并提供保护气氛,反应时间过长。
发明内容
为了简化CH3NH3PbI3钙钛矿薄膜的成膜工艺,并获得高质量CH3NH3PbI3钙钛矿薄膜,我们发明了一种粉末覆盖衬底加热CH3NH3PbI3钙钛矿薄膜制备方法。
本发明之粉末覆盖衬底加热CH3NH3PbI3钙钛矿薄膜制备方法先在衬底上制备PbI2薄膜,CH3NH3I在PbI2薄膜内与PbI2发生固相反应生成CH3NH3PbI3钙钛矿薄膜,其特征在于,将粒径为10~50μm的CH3NH3I晶体粉末均匀平铺在所述PbI2薄膜的表面,自衬底处加热为CH3NH3I和PbI2提供80~100℃的固相反应温度,经过8~10min完成所述固相反应。
本发明其技术效果在于,相比于现有技术,本发明只需将CH3NH3I晶体粉末均匀平铺在PbI2薄膜的表面,在80~100℃的低温下,在8~10min的时间内迅速完成固相反应。在反应过程中CH3NH3I粉末同样填补了PbI2薄膜上的孔洞,向PbI2薄膜内扩散,在PbI2薄膜内与PbI2发生反应,生成CH3NH3PbI3,如图1所示。由于是自衬底处加热,同时温度较低、时间非常短,CH3NH3I又是在PbI2薄膜内与PbI2反应,因此,氧化仅仅发生在PbI2薄膜上多余的CH3NH3I上,所以该反应无需保护气氛,这使得CH3NH3PbI3钙钛矿薄膜的成膜工艺十分简单。本发明所确定的反应温度、时间以及反应方式,决定了所获得的CH3NH3PbI3钙钛矿薄膜的质量不低于现有技术,例如,晶粒可达微米级,如图2、图4所示;随着PbI2薄膜内CH3NH3PbI3晶粒的长大,PbI2薄膜内的孔洞得到填充,使得产物薄膜变得十分致密,如图3所示。并且,产物薄膜在可见光波段具有良好的吸收,如图5所示,完全能够用作光伏领域中的吸光材料。
附图说明
图1为采用本发明之方法在80℃、90℃、100℃三个温度下制备的CH3NH3PbI3钙钛矿薄膜的XRD图,该图说明产物薄膜的物相是CH3NH3PbI3钙钛矿,该图同时作为摘要附图。图2~图4为采用本发明之方法制备的CH3NH3PbI3钙钛矿薄膜的SEM图,其中图2说明产物薄膜的晶粒尺寸可达到微米级,图3说明产物薄膜的表面形貌均匀致密,从图4产物薄膜的断面SEM图可知该薄膜的厚度为300nm,同时也说明产物薄膜的晶粒尺寸达到微米级。图5为采用本发明之方法分别在80℃、90℃、100℃三个温度下制备的CH3NH3PbI3钙钛矿薄膜的吸收光谱,该图说明产物薄膜在可见光波段具有良好的吸收。
具体实施方式
本发明之粉末覆盖衬底加热CH3NH3PbI3钙钛矿薄膜制备方法其具体实施方式如下所述。
按300mg:1mL比例将PbI2固体粉末溶解在DMF溶剂(N,N-二甲基甲酰胺)中,在60℃温度下搅拌4~6h,得到澄黄色透明PbI2溶液。将所述PbI2溶液滴加到清洗干净的FTO玻璃上,并在真空旋涂机中在FTO玻璃上热旋涂形成均匀的PbI2薄膜,然后将所述PbI2薄膜放置在烘干箱中在70~100℃温度下烘干20~60min。
将HI(氢碘酸)与CH3NH2溶液(甲胺)按1:1摩尔比加入圆底烧瓶里,冰浴搅拌2h,在50℃温度下旋蒸1h,得到CH3NH3I(甲基碘化胺)初产物。将所述初产物先后用乙醇、乙醚清洗,在60℃温度下真空干燥24h,得到CH3NH3I白色晶体。将所述白色晶体在加热条件下溶于乙醇,完全溶解后将溶液温度降至0℃以下,重结晶后再次真空干燥,用玛瑙研钵充分研磨得到粒径为10~50μm的CH3NH3I晶体粉末。
将CH3NH3I晶体粉末均匀平铺在所述PbI2薄膜的表面,将承载PbI2薄膜和CH3NH3I晶体粉末的FTO玻璃放在热台上加热,CH3NH3I和PbI2在80~100℃温度下固相反应8~10min,得到CH3NH3PbI3钙钛矿薄膜。去除CH3NH3PbI3钙钛矿薄膜上面多余的CH3NH3I晶体粉末,用异丙醇清洗并烘干CH3NH3PbI3钙钛矿薄膜。
下面举例说明本发明之方法。
按300mg99.99%的PbI2固体粉末溶解在1mL分析纯DMF溶剂中,在60℃温度下搅拌6h,得到澄黄色透明PbI2溶液。将所述PbI2溶液在70℃温度下保温30min后滴加到清洗干净的FTO玻璃上,并在真空旋涂机中以3000rpm的转速在FTO玻璃上热旋涂30sec形成均匀的PbI2薄膜,然后将所述PbI2薄膜放置在烘干箱中在70℃温度下烘干30min。
将20mL47%的HI与14mL40%的CH3NH2溶液加入到250mL的圆底烧瓶里,冰浴搅拌2h,在50℃温度下旋蒸1h,得到CH3NH3I初产物。将所述初产物先后用乙醇、乙醚清洗,反复清洗三次,在60℃温度下真空干燥24h,得到CH3NH3I白色晶体。将所述白色晶体在加热条件下溶于乙醇,完全溶解后将溶液温度降至0℃以下,重结晶后再次真空干燥,用玛瑙研钵充分研磨15min得到粒径为10~50μm的CH3NH3I晶体粉末。
将CH3NH3I晶体粉末均匀平铺在所述PbI2薄膜的表面,将承载PbI2薄膜和CH3NH3I晶体粉末的FTO玻璃放在热台上加热,升温速率6℃/min,这一升温速率有利于在热力学作用下加剧CH3NH3I分子无规则运动,为构建CH3NH3PbI3钙钛矿薄膜提供充足反应时间,CH3NH3I和PbI2在80℃温度下固相反应10min,保持周围气氛干燥,相对湿度<50%,得到CH3NH3PbI3钙钛矿薄膜。去除CH3NH3PbI3钙钛矿薄膜上面多余的CH3NH3I晶体粉末,用异丙醇清洗CH3NH3PbI3钙钛矿薄膜,并在70℃温度下烘干。
在所述例子中,反应温度和反应时间或者为90℃和9min、100℃和8min。

Claims (2)

1.一种粉末覆盖衬底加热CH3NH3PbI3钙钛矿薄膜制备方法,先在衬底上制备PbI2薄膜,CH3NH3I在PbI2薄膜内与PbI2发生固相反应生成CH3NH3PbI3钙钛矿薄膜,其特征在于,将粒径为10~50μm的CH3NH3I晶体粉末均匀平铺在所述PbI2薄膜的表面,自衬底处加热为CH3NH3I和PbI2提供80~100℃的固相反应温度,经过8~10min完成所述固相反应。
2.根据权利要求1所述的粉末覆盖衬底加热CH3NH3PbI3钙钛矿薄膜制备方法,其特征在于,将HI与CH3NH2溶液按1:1摩尔比加入圆底烧瓶里,冰浴搅拌2h,在50℃温度下旋蒸1h,得到CH3NH3I初产物;将所述初产物先后用乙醇、乙醚清洗,在60℃温度下真空干燥24h,得到CH3NH3I白色晶体;将所述白色晶体在加热条件下溶于乙醇,完全溶解后将溶液温度降至0℃以下,重结晶后再次真空干燥,用玛瑙研钵充分研磨得到粒径为10~50μm的CH3NH3I晶体粉末。
CN201610834340.3A 2016-09-20 2016-09-20 粉末覆盖衬底加热CH3NH3PbI3钙钛矿薄膜制备方法 Expired - Fee Related CN106340591B (zh)

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