CN106316384B - 一种压敏电阻材料 - Google Patents

一种压敏电阻材料 Download PDF

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CN106316384B
CN106316384B CN201610766180.3A CN201610766180A CN106316384B CN 106316384 B CN106316384 B CN 106316384B CN 201610766180 A CN201610766180 A CN 201610766180A CN 106316384 B CN106316384 B CN 106316384B
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张颖
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Abstract

本案公开了一种压敏电阻材料，由以下重量份的材料组成：98～100重量份的氧化锌；50～52重量份的氧化钇；3～5重量份的二氧化钛；50～52重量份的氧化镱；2～4重量份的氧化锡；1～3重量份的氧化硒；5～7重量份的钛酸锶；2～4重量份的氧化铼；2～4重量份的碳酸锰；6～8重量份的二氧化硅；4～6重量份硝酸铝；10～12重量份的稀土烧结物。本案通过引入与锌离子半径相近的钇离子和镱离子，使得以氧化锌为主要成分的传统配方转变为以氧化锌、氧化钇和氧化镱为主要成分的新配方。结合新配方中各种添加剂，使得所得到的压敏电阻材料具有较高的非线性系数、较低的泄露电流、较强的抗大电流能力和较高的电压梯度。

Description

一种压敏电阻材料
技术领域
本发明涉及一种压敏电阻器材料领域，特别是涉及一种以氧化锌、氧化钇和氧化镱为主要成分的压敏电阻材料。
背景技术
压敏电阻是一种具有非线性伏安特性的电阻器件，主要用于在电路承受过压时进行电压嵌位，吸收多余的电流以保护敏感器件。英文名称叫“Voltage DependentResistor”简写为“VDR”，或者叫做“Varistor”。压敏电阻器的电阻体材料是半导体，所以它是半导体电阻器的一个品种。压敏电阻是一种限压型保护器件。利用压敏电阻的非线性特性，当过电压出现在压敏电阻的两极间，压敏电阻可以将电压钳位到一个相对固定的电压值，从而实现对后级电路的保护。压敏电阻的主要参数有：压敏电压、通流容量、结电容、响应时间等。压敏电阻的最大特点是当加在它上面的电压低于它的阀值"UN"时，流过它的电流极小，相当于一只关死的阀门，当电压超过UN时，它的阻值变小，这样就使得流过它的电流激增而对其他电路的影响变化不大从而减小过电压对后续敏感电路的影响。利用这一功能，可以抑制电路中经常出现的异常过电压，保护电路免受过电压的损害。
但是，随着科技的发展和进步，尤其是大规模智能电路的迅猛发展，使得对元器件尤其是电阻器的要求越来越高，目前的压敏电阻器已不能满足发展的需要，新型高性能大容量的电阻器和电阻材料受到了广泛的研究，压敏电阻材料和压敏电阻是其中一个重要的研究方向。
发明内容
针对上述不足之处，本发明的目的在于提供一种具备高电压梯度和优良电性能的压敏电阻材料。
本发明的技术方案概述如下：
一种压敏电阻材料，由以下重量份的材料组成：
其中，所述稀土烧结物的通式为Sm6-x-yNdxLayO9，且0.2≤x≤2.5，0.2≤y≤2.5。
优选的是，所述的压敏电阻材料，1≤x≤2，1.8≤y≤2.2。
优选的是，所述的压敏电阻材料，由以下重量份的材料组成：
其中，所述稀土烧结物的通式为Sm6-x-yNdxLayO9，且1≤x≤2，1.8≤y≤2.2。
优选的是，所述的压敏电阻材料，由以下重量份的材料组成：
优选的是，所述的压敏电阻材料，所述氧化锌、氧化钇、二氧化钛、氧化镱、氧化锡、氧化硒、钛酸锶、氧化铼、碳酸锰、二氧化硅、硝酸铝和Sm6-x-yNdxLayO9的粒径为100～120nm。
本发明的有益效果是：通过引入与锌离子半径相近的钇离子和镱离子(Y3+半径为0.088nm，Yb3+半径为0.09nm，Zn2+半径为0.06nm)，使得以氧化锌为主要成分的传统配方转变为以氧化锌、氧化钇和氧化镱为主要成分的新配方。结合新配方中各种添加剂，使得所得到的压敏电阻材料具有较高的非线性系数、较低的泄露电流、较强的抗大电流能力和较高的电压梯度。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明做进一步的详细说明，以令本领域技术人员参照说明书文字能够据以实施。
一实施方式的压敏电阻材料，由以下重量份的材料组成：
其中，稀土烧结物的通式为Sm6-x-yNdxLayO9，且0.2≤x≤2.5，0.2≤y≤2.5。
该压敏电阻材料的制备方法如下(以下实施例的制备方法同此方法)：
步骤1)按配比分别称取上述各种添加材料，并混合，得一混合物；上述所有材料除稀土烧结物外均可在国内厂家直接购买；
步骤2)将混合物进行球磨1小时，去离子水洗3次，随后烘干过筛，得到粉体；
步骤3)将得到的粉体倒入球磨罐中，加入等体积的去离子水，密封球磨罐，随后将球磨罐置于星式球磨机上，以700～800r/min湿磨8小时；
步骤4)取出，将其置于200℃下烘烤2小时，过筛，得到最终的压敏电阻材料；过筛时可优选合适筛孔，以使得得到的粉体粒径在100～120nm。
后续可通过添加适量聚乙烯醇，混匀烘干后，即得到压敏电阻生料。
稀土烧结物Sm6-x-yNdxLayO9的制备方法如下：
步骤a)按比例称取相应重量的氧化钐、氧化镧和氧化钕，将其研磨1小时，随后充分混匀；
步骤b)在400℃预热1小时，随后在氮气氛围中1000℃下灼烧2小时；
步骤c)待自然冷却后，研磨得到的烧结物至微米级；
步骤d)去离子水洗3次，随后烘干，得到稀土烧结物。
在一优选的实施例中，上述压敏电阻材料，稀土烧结物Sm6-x-yNdxLayO9中，1≤x≤2，1.8≤y≤2.2。稀土烧结物比起单一的金属氧化物，更加能够增加压敏电阻的非线性系数，并且能够极大地提升压敏电阻的电压梯度，且由于稀土烧结物的耐低温耐高温及耐候耐腐抗裂性能，添加了少量稀土烧结物的压敏电阻相比于传统压敏电阻，具有更优异的使用性能，更耐用，可适应更多复杂多变的环境，如高辐射、或高温、或高湿、或低温等恶劣环境。
在另一优选的实施例中，上述压敏电阻材料，由以下重量份的材料组成：
其中，稀土烧结物的通式为Sm6-x-yNdxLayO9，且1≤x≤2，1.8≤y≤2.2。
在又一优选的实施例中，上述压敏电阻材料，由以下重量份的材料组成：
此外，所用氧化锌、氧化钇、二氧化钛、氧化镱、氧化锡、氧化硒、钛酸锶、氧化铼、碳酸锰、二氧化硅、硝酸铝和Sm6-x-yNdxLayO9的粒径应被限制，优选范围为100～120nm。若粒径小于100nm，则会使得氧化锌、氧化镱和氧化钇过度生长，从而降低氧化锌、氧化镱和氧化钇晶粒的均匀性；若粒径大于120nm，则会降低氧化锌、氧化镱和氧化钇晶界耗尽层的施主浓度，降低氧化锌、氧化镱和氧化钇晶粒的电导率。
实施例1
一压敏电阻材料，由以下重量份的材料组成：
实施例2
一压敏电阻材料，由以下重量份的材料组成：
实施例3
一压敏电阻材料，由以下重量份的材料组成：
实施例4
一压敏电阻材料，由以下重量份的材料组成：
实施例5
一压敏电阻材料，由以下重量份的材料组成：
以下是实施例1～5所得压敏电阻材料的性能测试数据表：
尽管本发明的实施方案已公开如上，但其并不仅仅限于说明书和实施方式中所列运用，它完全可以被适用于各种适合本发明的领域，对于熟悉本领域的人员而言，可容易地实现另外的修改，因此在不背离权利要求及等同范围所限定的一般概念下，本发明并不限于特定的细节。

Claims (5)

1.一种压敏电阻材料，其特征在于，由以下重量份的材料组成：
其中，所述稀土烧结物的通式为Sm6-x-yNdxLayO9，且0.2≤x≤2.5，0.2≤y≤2.5。
2.根据权利要求1所述的压敏电阻材料，其特征在于，1≤x≤2，1.8≤y≤2.2。
3.根据权利要求2所述的压敏电阻材料，其特征在于，由以下重量份的材料组成：
其中，所述稀土烧结物的通式为Sm6-x-yNdxLayO9，且1≤x≤2，1.8≤y≤2.2。
4.根据权利要求3所述的压敏电阻材料，其特征在于，由以下重量份的材料组成：
5.根据权利要求1所述的压敏电阻材料，其特征在于，所述氧化锌、氧化钇、二氧化钛、氧化镱、氧化锡、氧化硒、钛酸锶、氧化铼、碳酸锰、二氧化硅、硝酸铝和Sm6-x-yNdxLayO9的粒径为100～120nm。
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