CN106279028A - 1,2‑双(3,5‑二硝基‑1h‑吡唑‑4‑基)二氮烯钾盐结构制备方法及性能 - Google Patents

1,2‑双(3,5‑二硝基‑1h‑吡唑‑4‑基)二氮烯钾盐结构制备方法及性能 Download PDF

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CN106279028A
CN106279028A CN201610633119.1A CN201610633119A CN106279028A CN 106279028 A CN106279028 A CN 106279028A CN 201610633119 A CN201610633119 A CN 201610633119A CN 106279028 A CN106279028 A CN 106279028A
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npa
diazene
dinitro
pyrazoles
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周智明
高会奇
张曼
李川
付伟
赵宝晶
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Beijing Institute of Technology BIT
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    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D231/00Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,2-diazole or hydrogenated 1,2-diazole rings
    • C07D231/02Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,2-diazole or hydrogenated 1,2-diazole rings not condensed with other rings
    • C07D231/10Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,2-diazole or hydrogenated 1,2-diazole rings not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D231/14Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,2-diazole or hydrogenated 1,2-diazole rings not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
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    • C06BEXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B25/00Compositions containing a nitrated organic compound
    • C06B25/34Compositions containing a nitrated organic compound the compound being a nitrated acyclic, alicyclic or heterocyclic amine

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Abstract

本发明的绿色高能耐高温起爆药1,2‑双(3,5‑二硝基‑1H‑吡唑‑4‑基)二氮烯钾盐(K2NPA)结构制备方法及性能,是一种新型3D MOF结构,属于含能材料技术领域。其合成方法为:4‑氨基‑3,5‑二硝基吡唑(LLM‑116)与氢氧化钾、高锰酸钾高温反应,酸化得到1,2‑双(3,5‑二硝基‑1H‑吡唑‑4‑基)二氮烯(H2NPA),H2NPA再与氢氧化钾反应,得到目标化合物1,2‑双(3,5‑二硝基‑1H‑吡唑‑4‑基)二氮烯钾盐(K2NPA)。所合成的含能化合物具有3D MOF结构,密度为2.15g·cm‑3,分解温度为314.9℃,计算爆速高达8249m·s‑1,爆压为30.9GPa,撞击感度1.5J,摩擦感度60N,静电火花感度0.8J;与叠氮化铅相比,目标化合物分解温度与叠氮化铅相当,爆速、摩擦感度和静电火花感度高于叠氮化铅,撞感较叠氮化铅略低;易起爆,爆炸产物无重金属污染,是一种新型的绿色高能耐高温起爆药。本发明的合成方法简单,后处理仅需过滤和重结晶,避免了繁琐的提纯过程,易于实现工业化。

Description

1,2-双(3,5-二硝基-1H-吡唑-4-基)二氮烯钾盐结构制备方 法及性能
技术领域
本发明涉及绿色高能耐高温起爆药1,2-双(3,5-二硝基-1H-吡唑-4-基)二氮烯钾盐(K2NPA)结构制备方法及性能,属于含能材料技术领域。
背景技术
起爆药是最敏感的化学能源,具有高敏感、高瞬发、高功率的特点,是火工含能材料的核心组分材料。在军事方面上,随着现代战场环境的变化,武器装备必须在恶劣的环境条件下执行作战任务,长期恶劣高温暴露与烤爆是恶劣服役环境之一。例如:在太空中绕月飞行的探测器在迎太阳面时,探测器的表面温度高达130℃;在某些战场环境和设备仓内,武器弹药暴露温度可以达到160℃;速射武器在经过连续发射后,膛内的温度可达200℃以上等。火工品作为弹药的首发元件,首先应该具备抵御这种长期过热和瞬态高温恶劣环境的能力。
同样,在民用方面如油气井和地下探测作业使用的爆破器材也同样急需耐高温起爆药。根据现场测试:井深3000~4500m,温度为200℃;井深6000~7000m,温度为300℃:井深15000~20000m,温度为400℃。因此,研制一种耐高温起爆药一直是倍受世界各国关注的热门研究方向,对于提高军事和民用各类火工品的安全性和可靠性都具有十分重要意义。
军工行业每年都大量生产和使用含铅起爆药,对人员健康的损伤和环境的污染已不容忽视。随着国民经济的发展和环保意识的加强,绿色环保起爆药的研究也是近年来起爆药领域最为热门的研究方向。
目前常用的起爆药有叠氮化铅(LA)、斯蒂芬酸铅(LTNR)、二硝基重氮酚(DDNP)、高氨酸碳酰肼镉(GTG)。叠氮化铅(LA)分解温度315℃,密度4.8g·cm-3,但能量水平不高,爆速只有5920m·s-1,爆压33.4GPa;斯蒂芬酸铅(LTNR)分解温度295℃,密度2.60 g·cm-3,爆速只有4900m·s-1;二硝基重氮酚(DDNP)的分解温度仅仅只有174℃,而且这些起爆药大多含有有毒重金属,如铅、镉;或原料中含高毒性物质,如氮化钠;二硝基重氮酚制造废水严重污染坏境;斯蒂芬酸铅的静电火花感度过高等问题。虽然含有有毒重金属,污染环境,叠氮化铅、斯蒂芬酸铅等起爆药仍然是目前火工品的主要装药,已经服役了100多年。因此研究新型绿色高能耐高温起爆药是现在起爆药发展的当务之急。
发明内容
本发明的目的是设计出一种新型起爆药,具有绿色环保无污染、耐热温度超过300℃、高能(爆速超过8000m·s-1)等的特点,获得其制备方法并测定或计算出其物化和爆轰性能。
发明的目的是通过以下技术方案实现的:
本发明的1,2-双(3,5-二硝基-1H-吡唑-4-基)二氮烯钾盐(K2NPA),其结构式如下:
本发明的1,2-双(3,5-二硝基-1H-吡唑-4-基)二氮烯钾盐(K2NPA)是通过如下反应路线实现的:
其具体制备步骤如下:
在单口瓶中加入4-氨基-3,5-二硝基吡唑(LLM-116)和乙腈,搅拌下将KOH溶液滴加入烧瓶,加KMnO4,升温反应2h,过滤,酸化至PH=1,过滤的橘红色产物H2NPA。橘红色产物H2NPA加水,按H2NPA:KOH摩尔比=1:2的比例加KOH,重结晶得深红色固体K2NPA。
本发明的优点是:
1.目标化合物具有新型的3D MOF结构,如图1。
2.目标化合物具有良好的热稳定性,分解温度为314.9℃(升温速度5℃/min),分解温度和叠氮化铅(LA)相当,高于斯蒂芬酸铅(LTNR)和二硝基重氮酚(DDNP);放热量2946.70J/g,热分解为直接分解,放热峰型尖锐,放热量大,具有显著的起爆药放热特征。
3.目标化合物密度为2.15g·cm-3,具有优异的爆轰性能,爆压为30.9G Pa,爆速为8249m·s-1,远高于叠氮化铅(LA)和斯蒂芬酸铅(LTNR)等,属于高能量起爆药;
4.目标化合物不含重金属,爆炸产物无重金属污染,是一种新型绿色环保化合物。
5.本目标化合物经测试,撞击感度为1.5J,摩擦感度为60N,具有很好的起爆能力。
6.本发明中的含能化合物合成方法简单,并且产品无需经过复杂的纯化过程就可得到纯品,易于规模化生产。
附图说明
图1是1,2-双(3,5-二硝基-1H-吡唑-4-基)二氮烯钾盐(K2NPA)的3D MOF结构图。
具体实施方式
在单口瓶中加入1038mg(6mmol)4-氨基-3,5-二硝基吡唑(LLM-116),加入7ml乙腈溶解;搅拌下将其滴加入KOH水溶液中(1210mg溶于7ml水),分批加入758mg KMnO4后在80℃下反应2h。趁热过滤,滤液旋除乙腈后,用20%H2SO4调节至PH=1,过滤得水重结晶得H2NPA(420mg),产率41%。分解温度221.4℃。IR(neat):3582,2237,1875,1498,1424,1343,841cm-1。Elemental analysis calcd(%)for C6H2N10O8(342.14):C20.95,H0.82,N40.80;found:C21.06,H0.59,N40.94%。1H NMR(500MHz,[D6]DMSO):δ=4.76ppm;13C NMR(100MHz,[D6]DMSO):δ=148.5,126.1ppm。
H2NPA(420mg)80℃下加水全部溶解后,KOH(70mg)溶于水,并滴加入H2NPA溶液,反应2h,旋干,水重结晶。得深红色K2NPA(373mg)。产率80%。分解温度:314.9℃,密度:2.13g·cm-3.IR(neat):1564,1497,1411,1336,1196,1142,1004,849,751,646cm- 1.Elemental analysis calcd(%)for C6K2N10O8(418.3):C17.10,H0.15,N33.62;found:C17.23,H0.00N33.48%。13C NMR(100MHz,[D6]DMSO):δ=148.7,126.2ppm。
本发明所涉及目标化合物K2NPA的爆速和爆压等预测爆轰性能,采用EXPLO5软件(6.02版本)计算;密度为实测密度(Micromeritics AccupycⅡ1340gas pycnometer);撞击感度、摩擦感度和静电火花感度分别用BAM撞击感度仪(BFH-10)、BAM摩擦感度仪(FSKM-10)和Est806F electrostatic discharge generator测定;分解温度用差示量热扫描仪(梅特勒-托利多DSC-1)测定,见表1。
表1 K2NPA的爆轰性能
[a]分解点[℃];[b]实测密度[g·cm-3];[c]氧平衡(CO)[%];[d]撞击感度[J];[e]摩擦感度[N];[f]静电火花感度[J];[g]摩尔生成焓[kJ·mol-1];[h]爆压[GPa];[i]爆速[m·s-1];[j]爆热[kJ·kg-1];[k]N含量[%]。

Claims (3)

1.可用于含能材料领域的绿色高能耐高温起爆药1,2-双(3,5-二硝基-1H-吡唑-4-基)二氮烯钾盐(K2NPA)结构制备方法及性能,其具有如下的结构:
2.根据权利要求1所述的合成方法,其特征在于:4-氨基-3,5-二硝基吡唑(LLM-116)与KOH、KMnO4在80℃条件下反应2h,先得到H2NPA,H2NPA再与KOH按摩尔比=1:2反应2h。
3.根据权利要求1所述的含能材料,其具有3D MOF结构,可运用于绿色高能耐高温起爆药领域。
CN201610633119.1A 2016-08-04 2016-08-04 1,2‑双(3,5‑二硝基‑1h‑吡唑‑4‑基)二氮烯钾盐结构制备方法及性能 Pending CN106279028A (zh)

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CN114907411B (zh) * 2022-04-29 2024-03-01 闽都创新实验室 一种无机-有机杂化化合物晶体及其制备方法和作为含能材料的应用

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