CN106259564A - 一种轻度盐碱地玉米播种用种子包衣剂 - Google Patents

一种轻度盐碱地玉米播种用种子包衣剂 Download PDF

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CN106259564A
CN106259564A CN201610634849.3A CN201610634849A CN106259564A CN 106259564 A CN106259564 A CN 106259564A CN 201610634849 A CN201610634849 A CN 201610634849A CN 106259564 A CN106259564 A CN 106259564A
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朱同贵
朱景幻
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种轻度盐碱地玉米播种用种子包衣剂，涉及种子处理技术领域，由如下重量份数的原料制成：水溶性壳聚糖20‑25份、聚氧化乙烯10‑15份、季戊四醇10‑15份、火山灰6‑11份、醋糟5‑8份、沸石粉5‑8份、氢化松香4‑7份、鲸蜡醇4‑7份、巴西棕榈蜡3‑5份、明胶2‑3份、茶籽粉2‑3份、保水剂2‑3份、松节油1‑2份、蓖麻籽粉1‑2份、尿素1‑2份、聚合氯化铝0.5‑1份、纳米钛白粉0.5‑1份、水80‑100份。本发明包衣剂通过在玉米种子表面形成一层包衣薄膜以达到增强玉米种子耐盐碱性的目的，并且该包衣薄膜能保持种子发芽所需的正常含水量，防止种子因过度缺水而失活。

Description

一种轻度盐碱地玉米播种用种子包衣剂
技术领域：
本发明涉及种子处理技术领域，具体涉及一种轻度盐碱地玉米播种用种子包衣剂。
背景技术：
盐碱地，是指土壤里面所含的盐分影响到作物的正常生长。我国盐碱地大多数属于苏打碱化型，土地总含盐量不高，但具有较高pH值。这些盐碱地有机质含量高，土壤质地黏重，保水保肥性好，开垦利用后作物产量较高。
玉米是重要的食物和饲料来源，在我国广泛种植，但几乎所有的玉米品种均不耐盐碱，玉米种子在盐碱地中成活率低，生长缓慢，产量低。目前，尚无有效方法提高盐碱地中玉米种子的发芽率和促进玉米苗生长。
发明内容：
本发明所要解决的技术问题在于提供一种能有效提高种子发芽率和增强种子耐盐碱性的轻度盐碱地玉米播种用种子包衣剂。
本发明所要解决的技术问题采用以下的技术方案来实现：
一种轻度盐碱地玉米播种用种子包衣剂，由如下重量份数的原料制成：
水溶性壳聚糖20-25份、聚氧化乙烯10-15份、季戊四醇10-15份、火山灰6-11份、醋糟5-8份、沸石粉5-8份、氢化松香4-7份、鲸蜡醇4-7份、巴西棕榈蜡3-5份、明胶2-3份、茶籽粉2-3份、保水剂2-3份、松节油1-2份、蓖麻籽粉1-2份、尿素1-2份、聚合氯化铝0.5-1份、纳米钛白粉0.5-1份、水80-100份。
其制备方法包括如下步骤：
(1)向水中加入水溶性壳聚糖、聚氧化乙烯和季戊四醇，充分混合后先加热至回流状态保温处理30min，再于微波频率2450MHz、功率700W下微波处理10min，然后加入明胶和纳米钛白粉，分散均匀后继续微波处理5min，即得物料I；
(2)将氢化松香、鲸蜡醇和巴西棕榈蜡混合均匀，再加热至110-120℃保温混合10min，然后加入火山灰和沸石粉，继续保温混合5min，即得物料II；
(3)向物料I中加入物料II、醋糟、松节油和聚合氯化铝，充分混合后加入球磨机中，球磨至混合物细度小于50μm，再加入茶籽粉、保水剂、蓖麻籽粉和尿素，充分混合均匀。
所述保水剂由如下重量份数的原料制成：活性白土15-20份、卡波树脂6768-11份、预胶化淀粉6-9份、聚乙二醇60006-9份、交联羧甲基纤维素钠4-7份、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮3-6份、氢化蓖麻油2-4份、纳米二氧化硅2-4份、硅烷偶联剂0.5-1份，其制备方法为：先将卡波树脂676、纳米二氧化硅和硅烷偶联剂加入2倍重量异丙醇中，充分混合后于微波频率2450MHz、功率700W下微波处理10min，再加入聚乙二醇6000和氢化蓖麻油，混合均匀后继续微波处理5min，然后趁热加入活性白土、预胶化淀粉、交联羧甲基纤维素钠和聚乙烯吡咯烷酮，充分混合后于冰水浴下以5℃/min降温，待温度降至-5℃后保温3h，最后将混合物送入喷雾干燥机，所得颗粒研磨成粉末。
卡波树脂经过纳米二氧化硅和硅烷偶联剂的改性处理使其具有优异的反复吸水释水能力，并协同其余吸水性材料，通过特定混合和处理工艺制成保水剂。
本发明的有益效果是：本发明所制种子包衣剂为水溶性形式，适用于轻度盐碱地的玉米拌种，通过在玉米种子表面形成一层包衣薄膜以达到增强玉米种子耐盐碱性的目的，并且该包衣薄膜能保持种子发芽所需的正常含水量，防止种子因过度缺水而失活，同时该包衣薄膜能起到种子防蛀防霉的效果，从而充分提高种子发芽率。
具体实施方式：
为了使本发明实现的技术手段、创作特征、达成目的与功效易于明白了解，下面结合具体实施例，进一步阐述本发明。
实施例1
(1)向80份水中加入20份水溶性壳聚糖、10份聚氧化乙烯和10份季戊四醇，充分混合后先加热至回流状态保温处理30min，再于微波频率2450MHz、功率700W下微波处理10min，然后加入2份明胶和0.5份纳米钛白粉，分散均匀后继续微波处理5min，即得物料I；
(2)将6份氢化松香、5份鲸蜡醇和3份巴西棕榈蜡混合均匀，再加热至110-120℃保温混合10min，然后加入8份火山灰和5份沸石粉，继续保温混合5min，即得物料II；
(3)向物料I中加入物料II、5份醋糟、1份松节油和0.5份聚合氯化铝，充分混合后加入球磨机中，球磨至混合物细度小于50μm，再加入2份茶籽粉、3份保水剂、1份蓖麻籽粉和1份尿素，充分混合均匀。
保水剂的制备：先将10份卡波树脂676、2份纳米二氧化硅和0.5份硅烷偶联剂加入2倍重量异丙醇中，充分混合后于微波频率2450MHz、功率700W下微波处理10min，再加入6份聚乙二醇6000和2份氢化蓖麻油，混合均匀后继续微波处理5min，然后趁热加入20份活性白土、8份预胶化淀粉、4份交联羧甲基纤维素钠和5份聚乙烯吡咯烷酮，充分混合后于冰水浴下以5℃/min降温，待温度降至-5℃后保温3h，最后将混合物送入喷雾干燥机，所得颗粒研磨成粉末。
实施例2
(1)向80份水中加入25份水溶性壳聚糖、10份聚氧化乙烯和15份季戊四醇，充分混合后先加热至回流状态保温处理30min，再于微波频率2450MHz、功率700W下微波处理10min，然后加入2份明胶和0.5份纳米钛白粉，分散均匀后继续微波处理5min，即得物料I；
(2)将4份氢化松香、5份鲸蜡醇和3份巴西棕榈蜡混合均匀，再加热至110-120℃保温混合10min，然后加入6份火山灰和6份沸石粉，继续保温混合5min，即得物料II；
(3)向物料I中加入物料II、8份醋糟、1份松节油和1份聚合氯化铝，充分混合后加入球磨机中，球磨至混合物细度小于50μm，再加入3份茶籽粉、2份保水剂、1份蓖麻籽粉和1份尿素，充分混合均匀。
保水剂的制备：先将10份卡波树脂676、2份纳米二氧化硅和0.5份硅烷偶联剂加入2倍重量异丙醇中，充分混合后于微波频率2450MHz、功率700W下微波处理10min，再加入6份聚乙二醇6000和4份氢化蓖麻油，混合均匀后继续微波处理5min，然后趁热加入15份活性白土、6份预胶化淀粉、5份交联羧甲基纤维素钠和3份聚乙烯吡咯烷酮，充分混合后于冰水浴下以5℃/min降温，待温度降至-5℃后保温3h，最后将混合物送入喷雾干燥机，所得颗粒研磨成粉末。
以上显示和描述了本发明的基本原理和主要特征和本发明的优点。本行业的技术人员应该了解，本发明不受上述实施例的限制，上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是说明本发明的原理，在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下，本发明还会有各种变化和改进，这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本发明范围内。本发明要求保护范围由所附的权利要求书及其等效物界定。

Claims (3)

1.一种轻度盐碱地玉米播种用种子包衣剂，其特征在于，由如下重量份数的原料制成：
水溶性壳聚糖20-25份、聚氧化乙烯10-15份、季戊四醇10-15份、火山灰6-11份、醋糟5-8份、沸石粉5-8份、氢化松香4-7份、鲸蜡醇4-7份、巴西棕榈蜡3-5份、明胶2-3份、茶籽粉2-3份、保水剂2-3份、松节油1-2份、蓖麻籽粉1-2份、尿素1-2份、聚合氯化铝0.5-1份、纳米钛白粉0.5-1份、水80-100份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的轻度盐碱地玉米播种用种子包衣剂，其特征在于，其制备方法包括如下步骤：
(1)向水中加入水溶性壳聚糖、聚氧化乙烯和季戊四醇，充分混合后先加热至回流状态保温处理30min，再于微波频率2450MHz、功率700W下微波处理10min，然后加入明胶和纳米钛白粉，分散均匀后继续微波处理5min，即得物料I；
(2)将氢化松香、鲸蜡醇和巴西棕榈蜡混合均匀，再加热至110-120℃保温混合10min，然后加入火山灰和沸石粉，继续保温混合5min，即得物料II；
(3)向物料I中加入物料II、醋糟、松节油和聚合氯化铝，充分混合后加入球磨机中，球磨至混合物细度小于50μm，再加入茶籽粉、保水剂、蓖麻籽粉和尿素，充分混合均匀。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的轻度盐碱地玉米播种用种子包衣剂，其特征在于，所述保水剂由如下重量份数的原料制成：活性白土15-20份、卡波树脂676 8-11份、预胶化淀粉6-9份、聚乙二醇6000 6-9份、交联羧甲基纤维素钠4-7份、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮3-6份、氢化蓖麻油2-4份、纳米二氧化硅2-4份、硅烷偶联剂0.5-1份，其制备方法为：先将卡波树脂676、纳米二氧化硅和硅烷偶联剂加入2倍重量异丙醇中，充分混合后于微波频率2450MHz、功率700W下微波处理10min，再加入聚乙二醇6000和氢化蓖麻油，混合均匀后继续微波处理5min，然后趁热加入活性白土、预胶化淀粉、交联羧甲基纤维素钠和聚乙烯吡咯烷酮，充分混合后于冰水浴下以5℃/min降温，待温度降至-5℃后保温3h，最后将混合物送入喷雾干燥机，所得颗粒研磨成粉末。
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