CN106247965A - Tunnel surrounding monitoring method based on multifunctional intellectual anchor pole - Google Patents
Tunnel surrounding monitoring method based on multifunctional intellectual anchor pole Download PDFInfo
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- CN106247965A CN106247965A CN201610563323.0A CN201610563323A CN106247965A CN 106247965 A CN106247965 A CN 106247965A CN 201610563323 A CN201610563323 A CN 201610563323A CN 106247965 A CN106247965 A CN 106247965A
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- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 22
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/16—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge
- G01B11/165—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge by means of a grating deformed by the object
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D33/00—Testing foundations or foundation structures
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
- G01L1/24—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations of optical properties of material when it is stressed, e.g. by photoelastic stress analysis using infrared, visible light, ultraviolet
- G01L1/242—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations of optical properties of material when it is stressed, e.g. by photoelastic stress analysis using infrared, visible light, ultraviolet the material being an optical fibre
- G01L1/246—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations of optical properties of material when it is stressed, e.g. by photoelastic stress analysis using infrared, visible light, ultraviolet the material being an optical fibre using integrated gratings, e.g. Bragg gratings
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Paleontology (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
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- Force Measurement Appropriate To Specific Purposes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of tunnel surrounding monitoring method based on multifunctional intellectual anchor pole, according to analysiss of data such as geological state, support structure design, surrounding and the vulnerabilitys of present position, tunnel, the selected section needing monitoring is monitored；It is laid in the anchor pole of tunnel diverse location, by the armored optical cable drawn, is pooled to fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator, form monitoring sensing network；The fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator connecting each anchor pole is connected with controlling computer, and by monitoring system software, builds wall rock's level system.The Monitoring Method For Surrounding Rock principle of the present invention is simple and reliable, can not only test the axle power of anchor pole and it is along longitudinal distribution situation, thus obtain the pressure from surrounding rock in tunnel, and can calculate deflection or the deflection of a certain section country rock of surrounding rock in excavation.The present invention can be used for construction monitoring during New Austrian Tunneling Method tunnel excavation, can be used in the future in tunnel deformation and the STABILITY MONITORING of operation phase.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of structural deformation monitoring method based on anchor pole of tunnel, foundation ditch and slope project, specifically relate to
And the Monitoring Method For Surrounding Rock of multifunctional intellectual anchor pole of based on long gauge length optical fibre grating.
Background technology
New Austria's method for tunnel construction (abbreviation New Austrian Tunneling Method) is Austria scholar granny rag Xi Weizi (L.V.RABCEWICZ)
Teaching in the proposition fifties, it is based on the theory of Tunnel Engineering experience and rock mass mechanics, carries out on practical basis
A kind of new theory building Tunnel Engineering got up and new ideas.Anchor pole and gunite concrete are combined by New Austrian Tunneling Method, make
For a kind of construction method of main supporting means, through many practices and the theoretical research of some countries, obtain specially the sixties
Economic rights definite designation.This method obtains extremely rapid in many underground engineerings such as West Europe, Northern Europe, the U.S. and Japan afterwards
Development, it has also become one of modern Tunnel Engineering new technique mark.Sixties New Austrian Tunneling Method is described China, late nineteen seventies eight
Developed rapidly at the beginning of the ten's.So far, it may be said that all be unableing to do without New Austrian Tunneling Method in the underground engineering of all priority and difficulty, it is several
Become a kind of basic skills in build tunnel, weak broken wall rock location.
The core of New Austrian Tunneling Method tunnel excavation is intended to immediate support and is diligent in measuring, for anchor pole in support system in country rock
The situation such as stress, bearing capacity and possible damage carry out in real time or periodic monitoring, hence for the supporting feelings of country rock
Condition, stable case etc. judge extremely important, and have become as the important topic of association area.But the test of anchor pole is to country rock
Displacement, the aspect such as convergence monitoring of particularly tunnel excavation construction stage, useful help can not be made.For country rock
Deformation convergence monitoring, the most commonly used has test based on steel ruler convergence gauge, level gauge test and total powerstation
Test etc..These methods are always the common method of tunnel cross section convergence, but it is artificial the most still to there are needs
Measuring, random error is bigger, the operating difficulties because of bad environments, it is impossible to the shortcomings such as monitoring in real time.
The Fiber Bragg Grating technology that development in recent years is got up, owing to its precision is high, strain measurement can reach 1 μ ε, and encapsulate
After can be waterproof, corrosion-resistant, long-term behaviour is relatively good, can not only sense, and can be used for transmitting data, beneficially networking and in real time
Monitoring, has been widely used in the health monitoring of structure.Southeast China University more have developed long gauge length optical fibre grating
Make and measuring technology, can record the mean strain in a certain gauge length, it is to avoid the installation etc. of structure or sensor causes
Stress raisers and cause distortion situation, it addition, strained by continuous print, moreover it is possible to calculate the displacement of its macroscopic view.This be
We provide a kind of new thinking to tunnel monitoring.
Understanding the impact of rock stratum around for tunnel excavation, obvious rock deformation and the generation of displacement are mainly
In the rock stratum of excavated section periphery, along with the increase of distance, its Influence of Displacement reduces rapidly, therefore on ground slightly at a distance
Side, the displacement that country rock produces due to excavation compares not only absolute displacement amount and its convergence rate rate of change relative to country rock nearby
The least, therefore account for compare the least in overall displacement.Therefore at the tunnel excavation of non-soft stratum, we can be near
Seemingly think the rock stability away from excavation face, be approximately fixing end.The present invention by by anchor pole with stablize rock stratum anchoring after with rock
Layer combines together, and therefore its far-end can be approximately considered and be fixed on motionless rock stratum, that is is approximately fixing end, by anchor pole
The measurement of long gauge length optical fibre grating sensor, obtains the distribution along anchor pole total length and strains, thus obtain the deflection that anchor pole is total, also
It is exactly the deformation of surrounding rock in excavation and amount of convergence and speed thereof.
The present invention proposes the new craft method to New Austrian Tunneling Method tunnel excavation cross-section monitoring, by being perpendicular to it at country rock
Crowned section arranges intelligent anchor rod, not only can test anchor pole stress at the different depth of rock stratum, strain and degree of impairment, simultaneously
Also cross section deformation and convergence situation can be drawn, it is achieved the monitoring of New Austrian Tunneling Method construction stage, simultaneously after entering the tunnel runtime, also
Can continue to gather data, carry out lasting monitoring.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, it is provided that tunnel surrounding based on multifunctional intellectual anchor pole is monitored
Method.
The technical solution used in the present invention is: a kind of multifunctional intellectual anchor pole, including the weldless many grating sensings of long gauge length
Device, fiber grating multi-point temp compensate aiding sensors, epoxy resin or anchoring adhesive, armored optical cable and flexible plastic sleeve；
The many grating sensors of the long gauge length of described weldless and fiber grating multi-point temp compensate aiding sensors and are arranged on anchor
Bar is along the sulculus longitudinally opened, and is encapsulated by epoxy resin or anchoring adhesive；
The many grating sensors of the long gauge length of described weldless include multiple long gauge length optical fibre grating sensing unit being sequentially connected in series,
Described long gauge length optical fibre grating sensing unit includes sleeve pipe, the optical fiber being encapsulated in sleeve pipe and the grating being scribed on optical fiber, light
Fine two ends are separately fixed at the anchoring section of sleeve pipe；
Described fiber grating multi-point temp compensates aiding sensors and includes sleeve pipe, the optical fiber being encapsulated in sleeve pipe and be scribed at
Grating on optical fiber, one end of optical fiber is fixed on the anchoring section of sleeve pipe, and the other end is free, sleeve pipe closed at both ends；
The many grating sensors of the long gauge length of described weldless and fiber grating multi-point temp compensate aiding sensors respectively with armour
Dress optical cable connects, and draws in anchor pole, and described armored optical cable is through among flexible plastic sleeve.
Tunnel surrounding monitoring method based on a kind of multifunctional intellectual anchor pole, comprises the following steps:
(1) money is analyzed according to geological state, support structure design, surrounding and the vulnerability etc. of present position, tunnel
Material, the selected section needing monitoring is monitored；At each section, optional top (about 90 degree directions), two waists (about 45 degree with
135 degree of directions) and two ends (about 0 degree and 180 degree of directions) these 5 typical parts be monitored.
(2) it is laid in the anchor pole of tunnel diverse location, by the armored optical cable drawn, is pooled to fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator,
Form monitoring sensing network.In general, the grating in same anchor pole (includes the weldless many grating sensors of long gauge length and temperature
Degree compensates the grating contained by aiding sensors) will be delivered to same passage, each passage of fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator typically may be used
The ability connecting grating quantity according to it, is simultaneously connected with many anchor poles with bonder, but wavelength can not be had in each passage identical
Or grating closely.The each passage of fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator connects the quantity of intelligent anchor rod and grating mainly by fiber grating
Several aspects such as the light loss that the wavelength spacing required between the wave-length coverage of (FBG) demodulator, grating, connection produce account for really
Fixed.
(3) fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator connecting each anchor pole is connected with controlling computer, and by monitoring system software, structure encloses
Rock monitoring system.Each anchor pole is used for data acquisition, monitoring of software system for the sensory-perceptible of state of surrounding rock, fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator
System then realizes the analysis to data, the assessment of state of surrounding rock and warning function.
(4) the long gauge length wavelength readings in respective gauge length of the many grating sensors of long gauge length in each anchor pole should be by correspondence
Multi-point temp compensate sensor and carry out the accurate temperature compensation of relevant position, the mean strain value being then converted in gauge length,
Obtain the stress distribution along anchor pole longitudinal direction orientation；
(5) stress distribution of the first different depth position according to anchor pole of wall rock's level, can close according to the ess-strain of anchor pole
System, obtains the stress distribution along anchor pole, then obtains the pressure from surrounding rock feature of different depth；Meanwhile, based on anchor pole variation is answered
Cloth can obtain the deflection in each gauge length, obtains the distribution situation of deflection along anchor pole longitudinal direction different depth section,
And obtain the total deformation of country rock excavation face further, on this basis, by deflection change on a timeline, obtain and enclose
The rate of convergence of rock, it is judged that surrouding rock deformation stable case.The damage of anchor pole then can be according to the distributed stress of anchor pole/strain maximum
Whether reach yield point to judge.So can obtain country rock the pressure from surrounding rock feature of different depth, surrouding rock deformation and
Convergence situation and the degree of impairment of anchor pole.
(6) this Monitoring Method For Surrounding Rock uses and monitors the most in real time, or employing has continuing of intervals
Property monitoring, it is possible to obtain pressure from surrounding rock, the real-time continuous variation characteristic of deformation and rate of convergence, this method can exist as tunnel
Construction time and the method for operation phase periodic detection.
As preferably, there is the persistence of intervals to monitor as used, then carry out according to following method:
Monitoring during construction:
Contents for Monitoring: Tunnel Surrounding Rock Pressure, surrouding rock deformation, surrouding rock deformation rate of convergence
The monitoring time: proceed by 24 hours after explosion, by monitoring measurement section away from excavation face distance；
(0～1) B:1～2 times/day；(1～2) B:1 times/day；(2～5) B:2 times/day；> 5B:
1 time/week；(note: B is tunnel excavation width)
The operation phase monitors:
Contents for Monitoring: Tunnel Surrounding Rock Pressure, surrouding rock deformation
The monitoring time: 1 time/week or on request monitoring frequency.
Beneficial effects of the present invention:
(1) the intelligent anchor rod principle used by the present invention is simple and reliable, and method of testing novelty is ingenious.The present invention mainly by
The fiber-optic grating sensor being arranged on intelligent anchor rod measures its mean strain in gauge length, according to intelligent anchor rod along length side
To stress distribution, elongation (compression) amount of a certain gauge length scope of anchor pole or even total length can be obtained；
(2) the long gauge length optical fibre grating sensor of the present invention is by the long gauge length optical fibre grating sensing unit group of multiple series connection
Become, strain and the axle power situation of the anchor pole of different depth can be measured, therefore can monitor the country rock of different depth and position
Internal force-bearing situation；
(3) surrouding rock deformation and the convergence monitoring method of the present invention are ingenious, and principle is simple, by longer anchor pole vertical cross section anchor
Be fixed in the motionless rock stratum that is approximately considered farther out, then the bolt deformation amount of near-end is exactly the deformation total amount of section top layer country rock,
Therefore the monitoring that can be strained by anchor pole, reaches the purpose of the monitoring of surrouding rock deformation and convergence；
(4) wall rock's level of the present invention, can be by causing the fiber grating being arranged at home by armored optical cable
Acquisition Instrument, is automatically gathered by programme-control and analyzes；
(5) the intelligent anchor rod processing technology used by the present invention is simple, and cost is compared the cheapest, and it is convenient to lay.Intelligence anchor
Bar laying in tunnel, both can serve as monitoring, it is also possible to as stressed member, play its support reinforcement effect, have wide
Application prospect and good economic benefit；
(6) the long gauge length optical fibre grating sensor in intelligent anchor rod used by the present invention have employed composite and epoxy
Resin-encapsulated, superior performances such as it is antirust, corrosion-resistant that it is water-fast, and be not afraid of electromagnetic shielding and interference, with anchor pole integrative packaging with
After can be suitably used for environmental attack especially, there is good durability and wide applicability；
(7) measuring accuracy of the present invention is high, and its strain testing precision is up to 1 μ ε, the least；
(8) anchor pole of multiple positions such as bottom the end face of section, two waists and both sides can be monitored, also by the present invention simultaneously
Intelligent anchor rod can be implanted in multiple positions, it is achieved the whole monitoring in a region according to concrete monitoring requirements.
(9) monitoring method of the present invention, is not only suitable for the construction monitoring in tunnel, is also applied for the operation phase monitoring in tunnel.
The means of monitoring can carry out uninterrupted monitoring in real time, it is possible to uses and has the persistence of intervals to monitor.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the multifunctional intellectual anchor pole organigram of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the longitudinal sectional view of Fig. 1；
Fig. 3 is the transverse sectional view of Fig. 1；
Fig. 4 is weldless of the present invention long gauge length many grating sensors organigram；
Fig. 5 is that fiber grating multi-point temp of the present invention compensates aiding sensors organigram；
Fig. 6 and 7 is that the multifunctional intellectual rockbolt installation of the present invention lays schematic diagram；
Fig. 8 is the tunnel surrounding monitoring system schematic of the present invention；
Fig. 9 is displacement calculation schematic diagram based on long gauge length stress distribution；
Figure 10 is tunnel surrounding rock displacement amount time dependent time-history curves schematic diagram；
Figure 11 is country rock rate of convergence schematic diagram.
Detailed description of the invention
The present invention will be further described with detailed description of the invention below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
As Figure 1-5, a kind of multifunctional intellectual anchor pole based on long gauge length optical fibre grating is many including the long gauge length of weldless
Grating sensor 1, fiber grating multi-point temp compensate aiding sensors 2, epoxy resin or anchoring adhesive 3, armored optical cable 4 and soft mould
Material sleeve pipe 5；
The many grating sensors of the long gauge length of described weldless 1 and fiber grating multi-point temp compensate aiding sensors 2 and are arranged on
Anchor pole 6 is along the sulculus longitudinally opened, and is encapsulated by epoxy resin or anchoring adhesive 3；
The many grating sensors of the long gauge length of described weldless 1 include multiple long gauge length optical fibre grating sensing list being sequentially connected in series
Unit, described long gauge length optical fibre grating sensing unit includes sleeve pipe, the optical fiber being encapsulated in sleeve pipe and the grating being scribed on optical fiber,
The two ends of optical fiber are separately fixed at the anchoring section of sleeve pipe；
Described fiber grating multi-point temp compensates aiding sensors 2 and includes sleeve pipe, the optical fiber being encapsulated in sleeve pipe and inscription
Grating on optical fiber, one end of optical fiber is fixed on the anchoring section of sleeve pipe, and the other end is free, sleeve pipe closed at both ends；
The many grating sensors of the long gauge length of described weldless 1 and fiber grating multi-point temp compensate aiding sensors 2 respectively with
Armored optical cable 4 connects, and draws in anchor pole 6, and described armored optical cable 4 is through among flexible plastic sleeve 5.
The manufacture method of above-mentioned a kind of multifunctional intellectual anchor pole, including following step:
(1) the weldless many grating sensors of long gauge length are made
(a1) according to Practical Project Demand Design and inscribe a multiple determining deviation and different wave length on a single-mode fiber
Grating；
(a2) selecting a thin smooth sleeve pipe, interior relative aperture optical fiber is slightly thick, designs each according to engineering test requirement
The anchor points of grating, and cut out multiple breach according to anchorage point on sleeve pipe, penetrate the single-mode optics with multiple gratings
Fibre, adjusts the position of grating and sleeve pipe breach；
(a3) optical fiber two ends are applied certain prestressing force by traction apparatus, inject consolidation glue in sleeve pipe indentation, there simultaneously
Water forms anchoring, traction apparatus is decontroled, thus encapsulate out containing multiple continuous print long gauge length optical fibre grating sensing unit after consolidation
And there is no the many grating sensors of long gauge length of fusion point；
(a4) for each long gauge length optical fibre grating sensing unit, the two ends of the optical fiber in sleeve pipe are respectively by consolidation
Glue fixes with sleeve pipe, though the optical fiber of remainder is then contactless with internal surface of sleeve pipe or has a gentle touchdown, but frictional force is minimum can
Ignore；
(a5) wrap up composite saturated ring epoxy resins further in set tube outside, carry out the weldless many gratings of long gauge length
The integrative packaging of sensor itself is reinforced；
(2) make multi-point temp and compensate aiding sensors
(b1) according to Practical Project Demand Design and inscribe a multiple determining deviation and different wave length on a single-mode fiber
Grating；The Position Design of these gratings can multiple grating one_to_one corresponding in the many grating sensors of gauge length long with weldless,
Or carry out temperature compensation stop position design according to the thought carrying out temperature interpolation along rock-bolt length；The wavelength of these gratings not only exists
Can not have identical in temperature compensation sensor, and the grating wavelength among the many grating sensors of gauge length long with weldless also can not have
Identical wavelength；
(b2) selecting a thin smooth sleeve pipe, interior relative aperture optical fiber is slightly thick, closes with glue, by quarter well a layer of sleeve pipe
Certain one end of many gratings two ends tail optical fiber cut short, be inserted in sleeve pipe so that it is in the position of grating be in certain designed
Near individual position, and the tail optical fiber contracting cutting short tail optical fiber side has certain distance at inside pipe casing and distance sleeve afterbody, and this distance is with this
It is principle that tail optical fiber will not encounter the glue of sleeve pipe afterbody encapsulation, then injects at sleeve pipe two ends and consolidates glue a little, is allowed to seal
Close and form a temperature compensation sensor containing multiple gratings.
(b3) for the optical fiber pigtail with multiple gratings being packaged in sleeve pipe, the contracting of its one end is the freest in sleeve pipe,
The other end is drawn with casing cement and as lead-out wire, and optical fiber can the most slidably in sleeve pipe；
(b4) wrap up composite saturated ring epoxy resins further in set tube outside, carry out temperature-compensating aiding sensors
The integrative packaging of itself is reinforced；
(3) multifunctional intellectual anchor pole is made
(c1) entity anchor pole is selected, and along longitudinally opening a sulculus；Prepare the armored optical cable of two moderate length, and be through at
Among the flexible plastic sleeve that piece diameter is moderate with hardness, armored optical cable is more slightly longer than flexible plastic sleeve, and two is exposed；
(c2) long for the weldless the made many grating sensors of gauge length and temperature-compensating aiding sensors are fixed on anchor pole
In the sulculus opened, and connect with armored optical cable respectively, draw in anchor pole；The many grating sensors of the long gauge length of weldless and temperature
Compensation aiding sensors carries out the joint made by flame welding of melting welding respectively and is positioned at anchor pole sulculus with armored optical cable, and armored optical cable is at sulculus
Interior reservation has the length that can play anchorage effect, and so after encapsulation, the stress of external cable is not result in that internal sensor is subject to
Power；
(c3) in anchor pole sulculus, injection ring epoxy resins or anchoring adhesive are to filling and leading up, by long for the weldless many grating sensors of gauge length
Compensate aiding sensors with multi-point temp to be packaged as a whole with anchor pole, form final multifunctional intellectual anchor pole.
As shown in Figures 6 and 7, the installation distribution method based on long gauge length optical fibre grating intelligent anchor rod of the present invention, including with
Under several steps:
(d1) for the concrete condition of concrete Tunnel Engineering, the concrete cross section place of selected monitoring；In general, optional
Relatively crucial and more dangerous section is monitored, at each section, optional top (about 90 degree of directions), two waists (about 45 degree with
135 degree of directions) and two ends (about 0 degree and 180 degree of directions) these 5 positions carry out lay monitoring；
(d2) holing along depth direction on the rock mass or other media of required layout anchor pole, aperture ratio anchor pole is bigger；With
Time, in the place that distance monitoring section is not far, install and fix cable junction box；
(d3) in the anchor hole being drilled being inserted in one end without extraction optical cable of encapsulation all-in-one-piece intelligent anchor rod and to necessarily
The degree of depth, by draw optical cable mellow and full naturally along country rock or bar-mat reinforcement or steel skeleton etc. lead to pre-fixed line box it
In, way is made necessary fixing and protection, completes the in place of intelligent anchor rod；
(d4) injecting accelerated cement mortar in the duct loading anchor pole, wherein grouting quality controls and the setting of cover plate etc.
Refer to the installation manual of common bolt；Treat that cement mortar solidification i.e. completes the laying installation of intelligent anchor rod；
(d5) two connect the weldless many grating sensors of long gauge length and temperature-compensating aiding sensors and from intelligent anchor rod
Both, after penetrating rosette, are coupled by the extraction optical cable of interior extraction with fiber coupler, and the position that is of coupled connections is placed in rosette
In, the output optical cable after coupling is then drawn from rosette, along tunnel structure inwall, causes the fiber grating placed always
(FBG) demodulator, and on the way make necessary fixing and protection；
(d6) intelligent anchor rod and other anchor pole and firm skeletons etc. all install in place after, gunite concrete sprays immediately
Anchor, completes the lining construction of this cross section place.
Described multifunctional intellectual anchor pole based on long gauge length optical fibre grating also can be along degree of depth side on rock mass or other media
After boring, in duct, load rapid hardening anchoring cartridge, be inserted into anchor pole, break rapid hardening anchoring cartridge and realize consolidation peace
Dress.For as the softer resisting medium body of mud layer, a duct that diameter is more smaller than anchor pole can be bored, anchor pole is inserted directly into,
And head in methods such as end hammerings.
As shown in Figure 8, tunnel surrounding monitoring method based on a kind of multifunctional intellectual anchor pole, comprise the following steps:
(1) according to data such as the geological state of present position, tunnel, structure design and vulnerability analysis, selected monitoring is needed
Section be monitored；At each section, optional top (about 90 degree of directions), two waists (about 45 degree and 135 degree of directions) and two
The end (about 0 degree and 180 degree of directions) these 5 typical parts are monitored.
(2) it is laid in the anchor pole 6 of tunnel diverse location, by the armored optical cable 4 drawn, is pooled to fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator
7, form monitoring sensing network.In general, the grating in same anchor pole 6 (includes the weldless many grating sensors of long gauge length
With the grating contained by temperature-compensating aiding sensors) will be delivered to same passage, each passage one of fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator 7
As can according to its connect grating quantity ability, be simultaneously connected with many anchor poles with bonder, but in each passage, can not have wavelength
Identical or grating closely.The each passage of fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator 7 connects the quantity of anchor pole and grating mainly by optical fiber light
Several aspects such as the light loss that the wavelength spacing required between the wave-length coverage of grid (FBG) demodulator 7, grating, connection produce account for
Determine.
(3) fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator 7 connecting each anchor pole 6 is connected with controlling computer 8, and by monitoring system software, structure
Build wall rock's level system.Each anchor pole 6 is for the sensory-perceptible of state of surrounding rock, and fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator 7 is for data acquisition, monitoring
Software system then realizes the analysis to data, the assessment of state of surrounding rock and warning function.
(4) the long gauge length wavelength readings in respective gauge length of the many grating sensors of long gauge length in each anchor pole 6 should be by right
The multi-point temp answered compensates sensor and carries out the accurate temperature compensation of relevant position, the mean strain being then converted in gauge length
Value, obtains the stress distribution along anchor pole longitudinal direction orientation；
(5) stress distribution of the first different depth position according to anchor pole of wall rock's level, can close according to the ess-strain of anchor pole
System, obtains the stress distribution along anchor pole, then obtains the pressure from surrounding rock feature of different depth；Meanwhile, based on anchor pole variation is answered
Cloth can obtain the deflection in each gauge length, obtains the distribution situation of deflection along anchor pole longitudinal direction different depth section,
And obtain the total deformation of country rock excavation face further, on this basis, by deflection change on a timeline, obtain and enclose
The rate of convergence of rock, it is judged that surrouding rock deformation stable case.The damage of anchor pole then can be according to the distributed stress of anchor pole/strain maximum
Whether reach yield point to judge.So can obtain country rock the force-bearing of surrounding rock mass feature of different depth, surrouding rock deformation and
Convergence situation, the degree of impairment of anchor pole.
(6) this Monitoring Method For Surrounding Rock uses and monitors the most in real time, or employing has continuing of intervals
Property monitoring, it is possible to obtain pressure from surrounding rock, the real-time continuous variation characteristic of deformation and rate of convergence, this method can exist as tunnel
Construction time and the method for operation phase periodic detection.
There is the persistence of intervals to monitor as used, then carry out according to following method:
Monitoring during construction:
Contents for Monitoring: Tunnel Surrounding Rock Pressure, surrouding rock deformation, surrouding rock deformation rate of convergence
The monitoring time: proceed by 24 hours after explosion, by monitoring measurement section away from excavation face distance；
(0～1) B:1～2 times/day；(1～2) B:1 times/day；(2～5) B:2 times/day；> 5B:
1 time/week；(note: B is tunnel excavation width)
The operation phase monitors:
Contents for Monitoring: Tunnel Surrounding Rock Pressure, surrouding rock deformation
The monitoring time: 1 time/week or on request monitoring frequency.
The operation principle of the country rock section convergence monitoring based on intelligent anchor rod of the present invention is as follows:
Understanding the impact of rock stratum around for tunnel excavation, obvious rock deformation and the generation of displacement are mainly
In the rock stratum of excavated section periphery, along with the increase of distance, its deformation effect reduces rapidly, therefore on ground slightly at a distance
Side, the deformation that country rock produces due to excavation compares not only absolute displacement amount and its convergence rate rate of change relative to country rock nearby
The least, therefore account for compare the least in overall displacement.Therefore at the tunnel excavation of non-soft stratum, we can be near
Seemingly think from excavation face slightly away from rock stratum for stablize rock stratum.The present invention, by being disposed to extend by anchor pole to the most remote rock stratum, anchors
Combining together with rock stratum afterwards, therefore its far-end can be approximately considered and be fixed on stable rock stratum, that is is approximately fixing end, passes through
The measurement of the many grating sensors of long gauge length in anchor pole, obtains the stress distribution along anchor pole longitudinal direction total length, obtains anchor pole not
With the stressing conditions of the degree of depth, obtain the total deflection relative to fixing end intelligent anchor rod simultaneously, thus obtain surrounding rock in excavation
Deformation and amount of convergence and speed thereof.
The calculating of rock deformation can be carried out as follows: first obtains each long gauge length sensing unit mark after temperature-compensating
Away from interior strain value, then it is multiplied by its gauge length and obtains the deflection of this long gauge length sensing unit, then add up whole anchor pole
On deflection.As it is shown in figure 9, by measuring mean strain ε 1, the ε 2 and ε 3 between gauge length L1, L2 and L3, then can be according to public affairs
Formula Δ=ε 1 L1+ ε 2 L2+ ε 3 L3 obtains the total displacement amount Δ at anchor pole two ends.
Country rock is after Blasting Excavation, it will be gradually deformed to excavated section, and the deflection therefore measured can be by
It is cumulative that but along with country rock is gradually stable, displacement Δ gradually trends towards a definite value greatly, Figure 10 be tunnel surrounding rock displacement amount at any time
Between change time-history curves schematic diagram.
Meanwhile, the deformation rate of convergence of country rock i.e. the rate of change of deflection, be a weight of reflection surrounding rock supporting
Want index.When, after country rock Blasting Excavation, owing to internal stress is the most unbalance and being deformed, its rate of deformation is in firm Blasting Excavation
Time the fastest, later along with Internal Force Redistribution, country rock tends towards stability, and rate of deformation is gradually reduced and finally trends towards 0, and its process can
As shown in figure 11.The calculating of change in displacement speed can calculate according to below equation:
Rate of change=(Δ (the t of deformation Δi)-Δ(ti-1))/(ti-ti-1)
Wherein: Δ (ti) it is tiTime deflection, Δ (ti-1) it is ti-1Time deflection.
It should be pointed out that, for those skilled in the art, under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention,
Can also make some improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications also should be regarded as protection scope of the present invention.In the present embodiment not
Clear and definite each ingredient all can use prior art to be realized.
Claims (2)
1. tunnel surrounding monitoring method based on multifunctional intellectual anchor pole, it is characterised in that: described multifunctional intellectual anchor pole includes
The many grating sensors of the long gauge length of weldless, fiber grating multi-point temp compensate aiding sensors, epoxy resin or anchoring adhesive, armouring
Optical cable and flexible plastic sleeve；
The many grating sensors of the long gauge length of described weldless and fiber grating multi-point temp compensate aiding sensors and are arranged on anchor pole edge
In the sulculus longitudinally opened, and encapsulated by epoxy resin or anchoring adhesive；
The many grating sensors of the long gauge length of described weldless include multiple long gauge length optical fibre grating sensing unit being sequentially connected in series, described
Long gauge length optical fibre grating sensing unit includes sleeve pipe, the optical fiber being encapsulated in sleeve pipe and the grating being scribed on optical fiber, optical fiber
Two ends are separately fixed at the anchoring section of sleeve pipe；
Described fiber grating multi-point temp compensates aiding sensors and includes sleeve pipe, the optical fiber being encapsulated in sleeve pipe and be scribed at optical fiber
On grating, one end of optical fiber is fixed on the anchoring section of sleeve pipe, the other end freely, sleeve pipe closed at both ends；
The many grating sensors of the long gauge length of described weldless and fiber grating multi-point temp compensate aiding sensors respectively with armouring light
Cable connects, and draws in anchor pole, and described armored optical cable is through among flexible plastic sleeve；
Described monitoring method comprises the following steps:
(1) according to these analysiss of data of geological state, support structure design, surrounding and vulnerability of present position, tunnel,
The selected section needing monitoring is monitored；At each section, top, two waists and these 5 typical parts of two ends are selected to supervise
Survey；
(2) it is laid in the anchor pole of tunnel diverse location, by the armored optical cable drawn, is pooled to fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator, formed
Monitoring sensing network；Grating in same anchor pole will be delivered to same passage, each passage root of fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator
Connect the ability of grating quantity according to it, be simultaneously connected with many anchor poles with bonder, but wavelength can not be had in each passage identical or
Grating closely；The each passage of fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator connects the quantity of anchor pole and grating by the ripple of fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator
Wavelength spacing, the several aspect of light loss of connection generation required between long scope, grating account for determining；
(3) fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator connecting each anchor pole is connected with controlling computer, and by monitoring system software, builds country rock prison
Examining system；Each anchor pole is used for data acquisition for the sensory-perceptible of state of surrounding rock, fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator, and monitoring software system is then
Realize the analysis of data, the assessment of state of surrounding rock and warning function；
(4) the long gauge length wavelength readings in respective gauge length of the many grating sensors of long gauge length in each anchor pole should be many by correspondence
Point temperature compensation sensor carries out the accurate temperature compensation of relevant position, the mean strain value being then converted in gauge length, obtains
Stress distribution along anchor pole longitudinal direction orientation；
(5) stress distribution of the first different depth position according to anchor pole of wall rock's level, according to the stress-strain relation of anchor pole, obtains
Along the stress distribution of anchor pole, then obtain the pressure from surrounding rock feature of different depth；Meanwhile, stress distribution based on anchor pole can be obtained
Deflection in each gauge length, obtains the distribution situation of deflection along anchor pole longitudinal direction different depth section, and further
Obtain the total deformation of country rock excavation face, on this basis, by deflection change on a timeline, obtain the convergence of country rock
Speed, it is judged that surrouding rock deformation stable case；Whether the damage of anchor pole then reaches in the wrong according to the distributed stress/strain maximum of anchor pole
Clothes point judges；The most i.e. obtain country rock at pressure from surrounding rock feature, surrouding rock deformation and the convergence situation of different depth and anchor
The degree of impairment of bar；
(6) this Monitoring Method For Surrounding Rock uses and monitors the most in real time, or employing has the persistence of intervals to supervise
Surveying, it is possible to obtain pressure from surrounding rock, the real-time continuous variation characteristic of deformation and rate of convergence, this method can be as tunnel in construction
Phase and the method for operation phase periodic detection.
Tunnel surrounding monitoring method based on multifunctional intellectual anchor pole the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: as adopted
Monitor by the persistence having intervals, then carry out according to following method:
Monitoring during construction:
Contents for Monitoring: Tunnel Surrounding Rock Pressure, surrouding rock deformation, surrouding rock deformation rate of convergence；
The monitoring time: proceed by 24 hours after explosion, by monitoring measurement section away from excavation face distance；
(0～1) B:1～2 times/day；(1～2) B:1 times/day；(2～5) B:2 times/day；> 5B:
1 time/week；Note: B is tunnel excavation width；
The operation phase monitors:
Contents for Monitoring: Tunnel Surrounding Rock Pressure, surrouding rock deformation；
The monitoring time: 1 time/week or on request monitoring frequency.
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