CN105043345B - A kind of distributed settlement measuring device and measuring method - Google Patents
A kind of distributed settlement measuring device and measuring method Download PDFInfo
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- CN105043345B CN105043345B CN201510405577.5A CN201510405577A CN105043345B CN 105043345 B CN105043345 B CN 105043345B CN 201510405577 A CN201510405577 A CN 201510405577A CN 105043345 B CN105043345 B CN 105043345B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C5/00—Measuring height; Measuring distances transverse to line of sight; Levelling between separated points; Surveyors' levels
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of distributed settlement measuring device and measuring method, wherein measurement apparatus includes into array distribution and squeezes into the soil body or the continuous fiber composite reinforcing of basic internal in the vertical of institute's geodetic base；Continuous fiber composite reinforcing senses the body of rod, native table anchoring sheet and data wire exit by bottom anchor end, soil layer and constituted, the many group leader's gauge length strain sensing units spliced on length direction are internally incorporated in soil layer sensor bar body, data wire exit is located at soil layer and senses the upper end of the body of rod and be connected with long gauge length strain sensing unit, the soil layer anchoring bolt with each soil consolidation is laid with the outside of two long gauge length strain sensing unit spliced positions, native table anchoring sheet is put in native epitope and anchored with native table, and scale is identified with vitro in soil layer sensor bar.The present invention meets hard stratum and the measurement request settled under the complex environment of Soft Soil Layer ground using said structure, and anti-external interference factor is strong, is adapted to continuous monitoring, cheap, is easy to construct and realizes that multiple spot is distributed.
Description
Technical field
It is used for health detection and the technology of monitoring in civil engineering transport structure, more particularly to one kind the present invention relates to a kind of
High accuracy distribution sedimentometer and its measuring method.
Background technology
It is to evaluate a ground for the settlement of foundation measurement in such as civil engineering transport structure such as subway, light rail and overpass
The important indicator of basic engineering or earthen structure design.Engineering practice shows that most of foundation accidents are all by foundation deformation mistake
It is big or it is uneven caused by, so correct measurement and control basis relative settlement and total settlement make its no more than feasible value be to
Close important.In recent years, all many research of the people to soil mechanics has breakthrough, but rare to the research of foundation deformation
Progress.Traditional subsidence monitoring method includes the measurement of the level, base-rock marker and layering mark measurement, can only meet for certain point
Earth's surface and basic point between sedimentation change, it is difficult to meet such as composite foundation, uneven be distributed with sedimentation and the rate of settling
Complicated measurement request.
At present in large scale structure health monitoring, increasing research is laid particular emphasis on realizes structural damage by strain sensing
The purposes such as identification, performance evaluation.To such as fiber grating sensing technology and the optical fiber sensing technology based on Brillouin scattering and carbon are fine
Tie up easy brittle failure present in the related strain sensing cored wire of sensing technology, cored wire slides, gauge length internal strain is uneven, measurement accuracy
With the key index such as sensitivity it is not enough the problem of, long gauge length design encapsulation is carried out, so as to realize the steady of minute diameter sensing cored wire
Determine end anchorage, gauge length internal strain/stress homogenization, enhanced sensitivity raising sensitivity design and improve the gain effects such as endurance quality, enter
And the distributed continuous static of large-scale multiple spot and dynamic strain measurement in structure are realized, reach in structure such as deformation, intrinsic frequency
The calculating of the local and overall configuration state parameters such as rate, the deterioration of amount of deflection component, displacement modes and strain mode.Patent CN
103438815 A provide a kind of high durable long gauge length for the long-term detection and health monitoring of civil engineering field of traffic heavy construction structure
Fiber-optic grating sensor and its manufacture method.The A of patent CN 103868445 provide a kind of point based on carbon fiber continuous fiber
Cloth long gauge-length carbon fiber strain detection testing device in high precision, to provide stable sound state strain measurement.But still further aspect, should
Become sensing technology still at the early-stage in the e measurement technology of the grounds such as the soil body.Occur in that and laid according to fibre optical sensor at present
In inside soil body, to measure and monitor anchor point to the sedimentation and deformation between datum mark.Patent CN102435178 A are disclosed
It is a kind of that fiber grating reinforced concrete sensing rod is made with joints cement outside reinforcing bar by armored optical cable and fiber grating, to monitor
The sedimentation of building structure.But fibre diameter is small with reinforcing bar direct combination, it is difficult to ensure accurate strain measurement, in addition reinforcing bar water
Mud stiffness of structural member is big, is unsuitable for the perception to soil deformation in ground.Patent CN103438820A discloses a kind of for drilling
Section Rock And Soil layering deformation, backfill sealing of hole is implanted into the subsidence monitoring method of optical fiber.But due in backfilling process, optical fiber with
Packing material consolidation is an entirety, is unsuitable for the distributed measurement for each soil layer different distortion.In addition fiber optic materials property
Softness, when occurring tangential displacement in the soil body, it is difficult to ensure the accuracy of vertical direction settlement measurement.In addition for the base of earth's surface
On schedule, there is cohesive force and be lowly difficult to ensure that senser element and soil body cooperative transformation, and soil erosion in particularly soft soil foundation
When the problem of be difficult to ensure that stable datum mark.In addition the influence factor such as water erosion and biology in the soil body, for senser element
The life requirement of itself is high.
On the other hand, with the development of composite technology, composite reinforcing material technology is more and more applied in knot
Structure engineering strengthens in the application with performance improvement.The A of patent Zl 103668625 disclose a kind of skill of plurality of fibers precursor plying
Art, fiber precursor length one in suffered Tensity size and then guarantee folded yarn is controlled in fiber precursor to reach according to design requirement
The purpose of cause property.The Y of patent CN 201400819 disclose a kind of made of new structural material and knot for belonging to the association areas such as civil engineering traffic
The Basalt fiber composite rib and basalt fibre compound stay cable of configuration formula.For the stability and the rate of settling to composite foundation
Implement reliable measurement and monitor, it is desirable to have a kind of settlement measurement method of high accuracy and high stability.
The content of the invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are the deficiencies existed for above-mentioned prior art, and provide a kind of and soil body
It is harmonious and be layered the distributed settlement measuring device that becomes of the measurement soil body and measuring method.By multipoint mode settlement measurement,
The interval strain variation of sedimentometer covering in native off-balancesheet and the soil body is measured respectively, then calculates each section of corresponding deformation, and then is obtained
Total settlement.The present invention can realize the perception to each soil layer correspondence sedimentation in composite foundation, realize and a wide range of sedimentation occurs
When benchmark point failure in the case of the requirement of high-precision settlement measurement, be suitable for the laying of longitudinal direction and horizontal direction multimetering,
And then reach the purpose for evaluating the rate of settling and foundation stability in complicated settlement measurement.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention is adopted the following technical scheme that：
A kind of distributed settlement measuring device, it is characterised in that：Including being squeezed into array distribution in the vertical of institute's geodetic base
The continuous fiber composite reinforcing of the soil body or basic internal；The continuous fiber composite reinforcing senses the body of rod, soil by bottom anchor end, soil layer
Table anchoring sheet and data wire exit composition, splice on length direction multigroup is internally incorporated in the soil layer sensor bar body
Long gauge length strain sensing unit, the data wire exit is located at the soil layer and senses the upper end of the body of rod and answered with the long gauge length
Become sensing unit connection, be laid with the soil layer with each soil consolidation described in two on the outside of long gauge length strain sensing unit spliced position
Anchoring bolt, the native table anchoring sheet is put in native epitope and anchored with native table, and scale is identified with vitro in soil layer sensor bar.
It is described should long gauge length to become sensing unit be point type electronics strain sensor, optical fiber or carbon fiber strain sensing member
Part.
The material of the soil layer sensing body of rod is carbon fiber, glass fibre or basalt fibre.
A kind of distributed sedimentation device measuring method, it is characterised in that comprise the steps of：
Step 1: installing measurement apparatus：After setting vertical shaft in monitoring point, the measurement apparatus is inserted and fixed；
Step 2: measure and record the strain initial value of online surveying range in the soil body, each continuous fiber composite reinforcing section it is interval
The gauge length of covering and native off-balancesheet read the interval initial scale of correction,
The gauge length of wherein each interval covering of continuous fiber composite reinforcing section is determined by following formula：
M is the interval monitoring point number of on-line measurement of covering in measurement range in formula, and n is the native in-vivo measurement in each monitoring point
The sensing unit group number that device is included,
Wherein：In the soil body online surveying range be bottom anchor portion between native table anchor portion, the native table
Outer reading correction interval is native table anchor portion between free end；
Step 3：After sedimentation and deformation, online surveying range internal strain change in the step soil body in measurement, and according to Ge Duan areas
Between gauge length, calculate each interval corresponding compression, and directly read native off-balancesheet and read the scale exposed in correction interval
Changing value,
Online surveying range internal strain change is determined by following formula wherein in the soil body：
Wherein each interval corresponding compression is determined by following formula：
In formulaFor online measured value in the soil body of i-th of monitoring point,
Wherein each interval native off-balancesheet corrected value read is determined by following formula：
In formulaFor the native off-balancesheet corrected value of i-th of monitoring point；
Step 4：Online surveying range and native off-balancesheet read the interval deformation of correction and asked in the soil body obtained to upper step
With, bulk settling amount is obtained,
Wherein each interval total settlement integrated is determined by following formula：
δ in formulaiFor the total settlement of i-th of monitoring point.
The method of the measurement apparatus is fixed in the step one is：Resin bag is pressed into silo bottom using pressing method
Until at stable rock stratum；By rotating, the measurement body racks resin bag and stirring is fully consolidated to resin.
It is interval that the measurement body of settlement measuring device of the present invention includes online surveying range and native off-balancesheet reading correction in the soil body；
Due to continuous fiber composite reinforcing material, anchored, led when soil layer is settled with the soil body by bottom anchored end and native table anchoring sheet
Cause continuous fiber composite reinforcing material to occur compression, its displacement transfer to strain sensing unit, which is realized, to be perceived, constitute the soil body it is interior
Line surveying range；Strain sensing unit, by soil layer anchoring bolt and corresponding soil consolidation and cooperative transformation, is realized to each soil layer
The perception of different settling amounts；Strain sensing unit, must be previously implanted tensor pre- enough to meet the compression of each section of the body of rod
Measurement request；Junction between strain sensing unit, must have stable rigidity Design to avoid inside strain sensing unit
Sliding and primary creep；Described each group leader's gauge length strain sensing unit two ends correspondence position is laid with soil layer anchoring bolt, institute
The soil layer anchoring bolt stated is realized and each soil consolidation by the extension burr outside the continuous fiber composite reinforcing material body of rod, while can use
Hydraulic expansion crab-bolt, crab-bolt outer wall is permanently deformed after being injected using water under high pressure, reaches the segmentation anchor fully consolidated with the soil body
Gu purpose；
Strain sensing unit is point type electronics strain sensor or optical fiber or carbon fiber strain sensor；For monitoring
Less demanding settlement monitoring project can use point type electronics strain sensor, what its sensing element must be anchored by two ends
Mode is installed on the elastic Force transmission partses such as the cable wire inside the distributed sedimentometer of high accuracy or wire；Will for monitoring accuracy
High and monitoring depth and the big settlement monitoring project of scope is asked to use fiber strain sensing element, its sensing element can be
Fiber grating or the sensing mode based on Brillouin scattering technology；Require that high settlement monitoring project can for decay resistance
To use carbon fiber strain sensor, its sensing element can be bridge measurement mode or the sensing based on electronics Time Domain Reflectometry
Mode.
It is characteristic of the invention that by anchoring into the bottom anchored end of stable rock stratum and the anchoring sheet of native table, to ensure vertical side
To the accuracy of settlement measurement；By each section of soil layer anchoring bolt and strain sensing unit of the body of rod, realize and each soil layer is deformed
Sectional monitoring；Due to the burr and segmentation anchoring stud structure of the body of rod, it is ensured that the accuracy of each soil layer measurement result；Even if to bonding
The monitoring object of hypodynamic Soft Soil Layer and severe water and soil erosion, still can conveniently be realized by the correction zone that carries
The correction of measurement result.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structure chart of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is schematic diagram after the present invention is installed.
Fig. 3 is operation principle schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is section of the present invention and longitudinal layout diagram.
Fig. 5 is monitoring network schematic diagram in all fronts of the present invention.
Wherein：
1- soil table anchored ends；2- strain sensing units；3- junction surfaces；4- bottom anchors end；5- free ends；6- transmission is led
Line；7- data transmission devices；8- rock stratum；9- soil layers one；10-soil layer two；11- soil layers three；Online surveying range in the A1- soil bodys
The middle correspondence of soil layer 1 is interval；The correspondence of soil layer 2 is interval in online surveying range in the A2- soil bodys；In the A3- soil bodys in online surveying range
Soil layer 3 should interval；It is interval that B- soil off-balancesheets read correction；P- earth's surfaces；Earth's surface before P0- sedimentations；Earth's surface after P1- sedimentations.
Embodiment
1 the present invention is further elaborated below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.Measurement apparatus of the present invention mainly includes measurement body, measures body
Junction surface 3, implantation between native table anchored end 1, the strain sensing unit 2 inside the body of rod, strain sensing unit 2 are not sent out
The bottom anchor end 4 of the stable laccolite of raw sedimentation, the free end 5 with measurement joint and transfer wire 6 are constituted.
2 pairs of technical schemes are described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings：
The settlement measuring device of the present invention include that the soil body is outer and the soil body in two surveying ranges, wherein the He of soil table anchored end 1
It is online surveying range in the soil body between bottom anchor end 4, is that native off-balancesheet reads correction between native table anchored end 1 and free end 5
It is interval.
Include one or more groups of strain sensing units 2 in each surveying range respectively, the number of strain sensing unit according to
Soil layer number and measurement request are formulated.Strain sensing unit 2 is connected by junction surface 3.Planted using strain sensing distributed unit
Enter in composite material bar, composite material bar is set into ground, its bottom anchor end 4 anchors into the stable rock not settled
Layer, its native table anchored end 1 is anchored with native table, and data line 6 is drawn in its free end 5, accesses data transmission device 7, to realize
Measurement.
Being installed in the settlement measuring device of the present invention needs to demarcate the corresponding gauge length of each sensing unit, i.e. accompanying drawing 2
Middle interval A1, A2, A3, An+1Corresponding length L1, L2, L3, Ln+1.After settling, measurement soil
Internal interval corresponding strain variation and the outer interval length change of the soil body.
As shown in figure 3, the sedimentation and deformation for online surveying range in the soil body is compression strain, it is negative that it, which surveys strain value,
Number, take absolute value 1,2,3, εnCalculated according to formula 1 in the soil body and settle 1.
Formula 1
Directly read as shown in figure 3, being read for native off-balancesheet and correcting interval native off-balancesheet sedimentation 2 by body of rod mark scale.
According to the conformity calculation total settlement of formula 2.
The formulas 2 of δ=δ 1+ δ 2
As shown in figure 4, sensor of the invention is laid on the line style bank protection such as roadbed of highway and railway, and acquisition a,
The planar sedimentation distribution of b, c multiple spot.
Strain Distribution before sedimentation：
Strain Distribution after sedimentation：
Total settlement is integrated：
The present invention operation principle be:The course of work of the present invention is as follows:In settlement measurement engineering, sedimentometer is buried
In different depth soil layer, its bottom must be buried in the rock stratum with stabilization.First, by being passed with the long gauge length of body of rod compatible deformation
Feel settling amount in unit, the measurement soil body；Again by measuring the length of free end and native table anchored end surveying range, the native off-balancesheet of measurement
Settling amount；By integrating two above result, you can know the total settlement of generation.
As shown in figure 5, sensor of the invention is laid in each monitored area of traffic route, and by according to sensing
Device species builds different signal transmission networks, and such as optical fiber class sensing can the wired optical fiber transmission network of component, the electricity such as carbon fiber
Sub- sensor can build wireless signal transmission network.Then set up distributed on horizontal direction, and include longitudinal multiple spot
All fronts monitoring network.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of distributed settlement measuring device, it is characterised in that：Including squeezing into soil in the vertical of institute's geodetic base into array distribution
The continuous fiber composite reinforcing of body or basic internal；The continuous fiber composite reinforcing senses the body of rod, native table by bottom anchor end, soil layer
Anchoring sheet and data wire exit composition, many group leaders spliced on length direction are internally incorporated in the soil layer sensor bar body
Gauge length strain sensing unit, the data wire exit is located at the soil layer and senses the upper end of the body of rod and strained with the long gauge length
Sensing unit is connected, and is being laid with the ground anchor with each soil consolidation described in two on the outside of long gauge length strain sensing unit spliced position
Gu bolt, the native table anchoring sheet is put in native epitope and anchored with native table, scale is identified with vitro in soil layer sensor bar.
2. distributed settlement measuring device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The long gauge length strain sensing unit
It is point type electronics strain sensor, optical fiber or carbon fiber strain sensor.
3. distributed settlement measuring device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The soil layer senses the material of the body of rod
It is carbon fiber, glass fibre or basalt fibre.
4. a kind of method of distributed sedimentation device measurement sedimentation described in use claim 1, it is characterised in that include following step
Suddenly：
Step 1: installing measurement apparatus：After setting vertical shaft in monitoring point, the measurement apparatus is inserted and fixed；
Step 2: measuring and recording the strain initial value of online surveying range in the soil body, each continuous fiber composite reinforcing section interval is covered
Gauge length and native off-balancesheet read the interval initial scale of correction,
The gauge length of wherein each interval covering of continuous fiber composite reinforcing section is determined by following formula：
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M is the interval monitoring point number of on-line measurement of covering in measurement range in formula, and n is measurement apparatus in each monitoring point soil body
Comprising sensing unit group number,
Wherein：In the soil body online surveying range be bottom anchor portion between native table anchor portion, the native off-balancesheet is read
To take correction interval be native table anchor portion between free end；
Step 3：After sedimentation and deformation, online surveying range internal strain change in the step soil body in measurement, and according to each section of interval mark
Distance degree, calculates each interval corresponding compression, and directly reads native off-balancesheet and read the scale change exposed in correction interval
Value,
Online surveying range internal strain change is determined by following formula wherein in the soil body：
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1
Wherein each interval corresponding compression is determined by following formula：
In formulaFor online measured value in the soil body of i-th of monitoring point,
Wherein each interval native off-balancesheet corrected value read is determined by following formula：
In formulaFor the native off-balancesheet corrected value of i-th of monitoring point；
Step 4：Online surveying range and native off-balancesheet read the interval deformation summation of correction in the soil body obtained to upper step, obtain
Bulk settling amount is obtained,
Wherein each interval total settlement integrated is determined by following formula：
δ in formulaiFor the total settlement of i-th of monitoring point.
5. method according to claim 4, it is characterised in that the method that the measurement apparatus is fixed in the step one
It is：Resin bag is pressed into silo bottom until at the rock stratum of stabilization using pressing method；Tree is racked by rotating the measurement body
Fat bag is simultaneously stirred fully consolidated to resin.
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| CN103196421A (en) * | 2013-01-22 | 2013-07-10 | 中交天津港湾工程研究院有限公司 | Automatic inspection type layered settlement instrument |
| CN204730824U (en) * | 2015-07-10 | 2015-10-28 | 镇江绿材谷新材料科技有限公司 | A kind of distributed settlement measuring device |
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| JPH0754492A (en) * | 1993-08-18 | 1995-02-28 | Fujita Corp | Measurement and control device for lift platform for installation of exterior curtain wall |
| CN103196421A (en) * | 2013-01-22 | 2013-07-10 | 中交天津港湾工程研究院有限公司 | Automatic inspection type layered settlement instrument |
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