CN108005698A - Carry stability data reading and the lock foot anchoring stock system of forecast function - Google Patents
Carry stability data reading and the lock foot anchoring stock system of forecast function Download PDFInfo
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- CN108005698A CN108005698A CN201810035825.5A CN201810035825A CN108005698A CN 108005698 A CN108005698 A CN 108005698A CN 201810035825 A CN201810035825 A CN 201810035825A CN 108005698 A CN108005698 A CN 108005698A
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- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 claims description 42
- 238000012549 training Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002790 cross-validation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000013507 mapping Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008054 signal transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000012706 support-vector machine Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002390 adhesive tape Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011900 installation process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007790 scraping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
- E21D21/0093—Accessories
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
- E21D21/02—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection having means for indicating tension
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Force Measurement Appropriate To Specific Purposes (AREA)
Abstract
It is of the present invention to carry stability data reading and the lock foot anchoring stock system of forecast function, the stability monitoring and controlling forecast system being related in a kind of construction process such as traffic tunnel, is specially the system and device of the deformation data acquisition of the position such as small interval longspan tunnel vault arch springing, transmission and computing.Including lock foot anchoring stock, lock foot anchoring stock, lock foot anchoring stock is inserted into the anchor hole of tunnel wall；Carry that stability data is read and the lock foot anchoring stock system of forecast function further includes it is characterized in that described：Data acquisition device, signal cable, data firing box, fiber-optic signal line, grating sensor and sensor protection film；It is of the invention that there is the features such as structure novelty, easy construction, reading are accurate, and transmission speed is fast, calculation error is small, safe and reliable, therefore belong to a kind of economy that integrates and carry stability data reading and the lock foot anchoring stock system of forecast function with the new of practicality.
Description
Technical field
It is of the present invention to carry stability data reading and the lock foot anchoring stock system of forecast function, it is related to a kind of traffic tunnel
Stability monitoring and controlling forecast system in the construction process such as road, is specially that the positions such as small interval longspan tunnel vault arch springing become
Shape amount data acquisition, transmission and the system and device of computing.
Background technology
At present in small interval large span Super Long Tunnel work progress, its loading characteristic result in the positions such as vault, arch springing
Deformation by a relatively large margin is likely to occur, lock foot anchoring stock effectively increases the stability of arched tunnel, but can not realize related steady
The real-time reading of qualitative data, is unfavorable for the Stability Maintenance work in tunnel.
There is the application of related patents before this case, i.e.,：
《Lock foot anchoring stock》Describe a kind of support of tunnel protection structure in utility model, more particularly to it is a kind of with tunnel steel
The lock foot anchoring stock of bow member link.Effect and effect of the lock foot anchoring stock in terms of tunnel stabilization is safeguarded are described from the angle of structure design
Fruit, but can not realize the reading of bolt design parameters, i.e., it can not learn the stability status residing for anchor pole.
《A kind of tunnel lock foot anchoring stock based on theory of beam on elastic is by force measuring method》One is described in patent of invention
Tunnel lock foot anchoring stock of the kind based on theory of beam on elastic is by force measuring method.According to the line of deflection approximate differential equation of beam(E in formulaDFor the elasticity modulus of anchor bar body, IzFor the moment of inertia at the horizontal interface of elastomer) and series method,
And the force Distribution of lock foot anchoring stock is analyzed using boundary condition, by the scene to lock foot anchoring stock axial strain and steelframe
Stress measures, and measurement data is applied in the lock foot anchoring stock stress rule based on theory of beam on elastic analysis and obtains it
Stress characteristic.Realize the calculating to lock foot anchoring stock stability parameter to obtain, but calculating process is complicated, excessive influence factor
Data acquisition low precision is result in, and can not realize real-time data monitoring.
The inaccuracy that lock foot anchoring stock stability data obtains, can lead to not the lock to playing stable anchorage in engineering
Foot anchor pole stability status are realized monitoring in real time and are obtained, and can not judge whether gradual unstability is very at the engineered locations of anchoring
To destruction, and then the reinforcements such as supporting reinforcement can not be carried out in time, the possible permanent damage that can not be reversed is formed to tunnel structure.
For it is above-mentioned the problems of in the prior art, research and design it is a kind of it is new carry stability data read with
The lock foot anchoring stock system of forecast function, so that it is the problems of in the prior art very necessary to overcome.
The content of the invention
In view of it is above-mentioned the problems of in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is research and design it is a kind of it is new carry it is steady
Qualitative data is read and the lock foot anchoring stock system and its data acquisition of forecast function, transmission and calculation step.It is existing to solve
Present in technology：Because the stability status of the lock anchorage point representated by lock foot anchoring stock can not be implemented accurately to obtain, more without
Method realizes that prediction calculates, and the problems such as cause unpredictable serious consequence occurs.
The present invention lays grating sensor on basic lock foot anchoring stock top by cohesive mode, along anchor pole axial direction side
Extend optical fiber data line.PVC protective films are wrapped up on the outside of fiber bragg grating sensor and data cable, prevent the scraping in installation process
Destroy.Optical fiber data line is connected to by signal cable after being exported from anchor hole and is arranged at neighbouring data acquisition device, then via nothing
Line transport module transfers data to the signal firing box positioned at tunnel entrance, and is uploaded by the GPRS module in firing box
Into Cloud Server.Accessed by Internet and realize that the remote of anchor pole grating monitoring data is read in real time, it is real by LSSVM
Now to the forecast analysis of anchor pole stability parameter.
What the technical solution of the present invention was realized in：
It is of the present invention to carry stability data reading and the lock foot anchoring stock system of forecast function, including lock foot anchoring stock,
Lock foot anchoring stock, lock foot anchoring stock are inserted into the anchor hole of tunnel wall；It is characterized in that it is described carry stability data read with it is pre-
The lock foot anchoring stock system of brake further includes：Data acquisition device, signal cable, data firing box, fiber-optic signal line, grating sensing
Device and sensor protection film；
Grating sensor of the present invention is pasted on fixed lock foot anchoring stock；And it is connected with fiber-optic signal；
Of the present invention be pasted with outside the lock foot anchoring stock of grating sensor and fiber-optic signal line is wound with parcel sensing
Device protective film, protects grating sensor and fiber-optic signal line；
Lock foot anchoring stock of the present invention is inserted into anchor hole, optical fiber data line is exported outside anchor hole, with signal cable phase
Connection, is protected in junction by casing；
Data acquisition device of the present invention is loaded in the tunnel wall near lock foot anchoring stock, the collection mould in data acquisition device
Block is connected with signal cable；
Data firing box of the present invention is arranged in the preformed hole of hole lining, and by wireless signal with number
Signal is transmitted according to vasculum.
The stability data of the present invention that carries is read and the data acquisition of the lock foot anchoring stock system of forecast function, transmission
Method, it is characterised in that the acquisition methods are；
A, grating sensor receives the stress and strain regime data on lock foot anchoring stock, passes through fiber-optic signal line and signal electricity
Cable sends data acquisition device to；
B, data acquisition device sends the signal of collection to data firing box by wireless signal mode；
C, data firing box will gather next signal transmission and beat high in the clouds, and long-range arithmetic center accesses in fact by Internet
The remote of existing anchor pole grating monitoring data is read in real time.
It is of the present invention to carry stability data reading and the data operation step of the lock foot anchoring stock system of forecast function,
It is characterized in that the calculation step is：
A, monitoring data are remotely obtained：Assuming that obtaining the axle power data value of N days, study is used as using the N number of data of this group
Sample, wherein preceding N-1 are input parameter, n-th is output parameter；It is pre- at the N-1 days i.e. by the data of first N-1 days
Survey the data of the N days；This is considered as one group of learning sample, and so on, workpiece M group learning samples；
B, on the basis of learning sample, by reserve a cross validation dependent on sample size come adjust automatically γ and
σ2The two parameters；
C, γ and σ is being determined2After two parameters, carry out based on study of the M learning sample to LSSVM；
D, after step c study, stress (strain) value of the known arbitrary continuation lock foot anchoring stock of N days (3) is passed through, you can prediction
Stress (strain) value one day after；
E, on the basis of prediction result, warning changing value is set, if variable quantity exceeds warning value, system sends early warning, prevents
The only generation of disaster.
It is of the present invention carry stability data read with the basic principle of the lock foot anchoring stock system of forecast function and
The learning process of LSSVM is：
VC dimensions based on Statistical Learning Theory are theoretical and the support vector machines of structural risk minimization may be implemented in small sample,
The function that study prediction calculates is carried out under the conditions of nonlinear.SVM methods obtain globally optimal solution by quadratic form optimizing, are asking
Only need to determine 3 parameters such as insensitive coefficient ε, penalty factor, kernel function spread factor σ in solution preocess, preferably resolve god
Through the problems such as network training is easily trapped into suboptimization, BP network modellings are complicated.But demand solution during standard SVM training samples
Quadratic programming problem, calculating speed are slower.Least square method support vector machines (least squares support vector
Machine, LSSVM) on the basis of standard support vector machines, will by using least-square cost function and equality constraint
The quadratic programming problem of standard support vector machines demand solution is changed into linear problem, accelerates training speed.
The regression forecasting of LSSVM is regarded as being fitted given data with a hyperplane.For given N number of instruction
Practice sample { xi,yi}I=1...N(wherein xi∈RnFor the training input sample of n dimensions, yi∈RnSample is exported for training), objective optimization
Function is
In formula：For nuclear space mapping function；ω∈RnfFor weight vector；ek∈ R are error variance；B is
Amount of bias；γ is adjustable parameter；ykNo longer it is class label, but the y in estimation function y=f (x).For solving-optimizing letter
Several minimum value, first using Lagrange Multiplier Methods：
α in formulakFor Lagrange multiplier.
Local derviation is asked to formula (2)：
Last problem reduction is solution following linear equation group：
In formula：Y=[y1...yn]；1V=[1...1]；α=[α1...αn]；
Solve above-mentioned equation group and obtain LSSVM regression functions：
In formula：K(x,xk)=exp-| | x-xi||2/σ2(kernel function uses Radial basis kernel function).
Required majorization of solutions problem is converted into linear equation by least-square cost function and equality constraint, largely
The enterprising complexity for reducing algorithm.Parameter γ and σ need to be only determined using Radial basis kernel function2.Wherein, regular parameter γ
Depending on training error minimizes the balance degree between smoothness, σ2It is square in Gauss RBF cores under normal conditions
Bandwidth.In application least square method supporting vector machine carries out calculating process, pass through a reserved intersection for depending on sample size
Verification carrys out adjust automatically the two parameters.
It is an advantage of the invention that it will be apparent that it is mainly manifested in：
1st, use of the invention, realizes the acquisition of lock foot anchoring stock stability data.
2nd, data transmission system of the invention, realizes the remote monitoring effect of stability status at tunnel arch foot, makes up
And avoid the non-timely error with being likely to occur of manual measurement.
3rd, the fiber bragg grating sensor that the present invention uses, significantly improves the levels of precision of measurement result, to greatest extent
On reduce the limits of error, ensure that monitoring data can accurately reflect the time of day of lock foot anchoring stock, and then react residing for tunnel
Real stability status.
4th, the present invention on the basis of acquired real time data, by a most young waiter in a wineshop or an inn into support vector machines carry out anchor axial force with
The prediction of deformation, prevention in advance and reply are realized to the engineering project disaster being likely to occur.
The present invention has structure novelty, easy construction, reads accurately, and transmission speed is fast, calculation error is small, safe and reliable etc.
Advantage, its high-volume, which puts goods on the market, will produce positive social benefit and significant economic benefit.
Brief description of the drawings
The present invention shares 3 width attached drawings, wherein：
Attached drawing 1 is schematic structural view of the invention；
Attached drawing 2 is present invention assembling tunnel inner section structure diagram；
Attached drawing 3 is grating sensor, fiber-optic signal line and sensor protection film and lock foot anchoring stock installation diagram.
In figure：1st, data acquisition device 2, signal cable 3, lock foot anchoring stock 4, data firing box 5, fiber-optic signal line 6, grating
Sensor 7, sensor protection film 8, tunnel portal direction 9, liner sections 10, do not excavate build part.
Embodiment
The specific embodiment of the present invention as shown in drawings, carries stability data reading and the lock foot anchoring stock system of forecast function
System, including：Lock foot anchoring stock 3, lock foot anchoring stock 3, lock foot anchoring stock 3 are inserted into the anchor hole of tunnel wall；It is characterized in that it is described from
Read with stability data and further included with the lock foot anchoring stock system of forecast function：Data acquisition device 1, signal cable 2, data transmitting
Case 4, fiber-optic signal line 5, grating sensor 6 and sensor protection film 7；
The fiber bragg grating sensor is fixed on basic lock foot anchoring stock by cohesive mode, and construction is broken in order to prevent
It is bad, parcel PVC film is covered above sensor and signal wire and winds adhesive tape protection.Optical fiber data line is exported by anchor hole
Afterwards, signal cable is linked to, joint location uses casing protection, secures the cannula at the home of corner.Data acquisition device
Suspension is fixed on the tunnel partition wall black skin near lock foot anchoring stock, is positioned over after the position lining cutting in reserved construction hole.
Data firing box is placed in tunnel entrance, in the construction hole reserved in lining cutting.
Carry stability data reading and data acquisition, the transmission method of the lock foot anchoring stock system of forecast function, its feature
It is that the acquisition methods are；
A, grating sensor 6 receives the stress and strain regime data on lock foot anchoring stock 3, passes through fiber-optic signal line 5 and letter
Number cable 2 sends data acquisition device 1 to；
B, data acquisition device 1 sends the signal of collection to data firing box 4 by wireless signal mode；
C, data firing box 4 will gather next signal transmission and beat high in the clouds, and long-range arithmetic center is accessed by Internet
Realize that the remote of anchor pole grating monitoring data is read in real time.
Receiving the calculation step of data come is：
1st, monitoring data are remotely obtained：Assuming that obtaining d1~d7 this seven days axle power data and being respectively：146.41KN、
158.28KN、154.32KN、93.04KN、87.13KN、95.01KN、154.32KN.With d1~d6,6 data are as first group
Learning sample, wherein first five is input parameter, and the 6th is output parameter.With d2~d7,6 data are as second group of group
Practise sample.I.e. by the data of first five day, the data for predicting the 6th day at the 5th day.This is considered as one group of learning sample, with this
Analogize, build 30 groups of learning samples altogether；It is as shown in the table.
2nd, learning training is carried out to LSSVM based on 30 learning samples.For 30 given training sample { xi,
yi}I=1...30(wherein xi∈RnFor the training input sample of 5 dimensions, yi∈RnSample is exported for training), objective optimization function is
In formula：For nuclear space mapping function；ω∈RnfFor weight vector；ek∈ R are error variance；B is
Amount of bias；γ is adjustable parameter；ykNo longer it is class label, but the y in estimation function y=f (x).For solving-optimizing letter
Several minimum value, first using Lagrange Multiplier Methods：
α in formulakFor Lagrange multiplier.
Local derviation is asked to formula (2)：
Last problem reduction is solution following linear equation group：
In formula：Y=[y1...yn]；1V=[1...1]；α=[α1...αn]；
Solve above-mentioned equation group and obtain LSSVM regression functions：
In formula：K(x,xk)=exp-| | x-xi||2/σ2(kernel function uses Radial basis kernel function).
3rd, on the basis of established learning outcome, using first group of sample as target component, returned with the LSSVM of study gained
It is object function to return function, optimizes definite γ and σ by way of cross validation2The two parameters.Wherein, γ ∈ [20,
50] step-length is 5；σ2∈ [100,160] step-length is 10；γ=45, σ finally is calculated2=150.
4th, after learning, it is known that 5 days lock foot anchoring stock stress (strain) value of arbitrary continuation, you can the stress one day after of prediction
(strain) value.On the basis of prediction result, warning changing value is set, if variable quantity exceeds warning value, system sends early warning, prevents
The generation of disaster.
The above, is only the preferable embodiment of the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to
This, all those familiar with the art are in technical scope disclosed by the invention, technique according to the invention scheme
And its design of the present invention is subject to equivalent substitution or changes to be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of carry stability data reading and the lock foot anchoring stock system of forecast function, including lock foot anchoring stock (3), lock foot anchoring stock
(3), lock foot anchoring stock (3) is inserted into the anchor hole of tunnel wall；It is characterized in that the stability data that carries reads and predicts
The lock foot anchoring stock system of function further includes：Data acquisition device (1), signal cable (2), data firing box (4), fiber-optic signal line
(5), grating sensor (6) and sensor protection film (7)；
The grating sensor (6) is pasted on fixed lock foot anchoring stock (3)；And it is connected with fiber-optic signal (5)；
Described being pasted with outside the lock foot anchoring stock (3) of grating sensor (6) and fiber-optic signal line (5) is wound with parcel sensor
Protective film (7), protects grating sensor (6) and fiber-optic signal line (5)；
The lock foot anchoring stock (3) is inserted into anchor hole, and optical fiber data line (5) is exported outside anchor hole, is connected with signal cable (2)
Connect, protected in junction by casing；
The data acquisition device (1) is loaded in the tunnel wall of lock foot anchoring stock (3) nearby, the collection mould in data acquisition device (1)
Block is connected with signal cable (2)；
The data firing box (4) is arranged in the preformed hole of hole lining, and passes through wireless signal and and data acquisition
Case (1) transmits signal.
2. a kind of carry stability data reading and data acquisition, the transmission method of the lock foot anchoring stock system of forecast function, it is special
Sign is that the acquisition methods are；
A, grating sensor (6) receives the stress and strain regime data on lock foot anchoring stock (3), by fiber-optic signal line (5) and
Signal cable (2) sends data acquisition device (1) to；
B, data acquisition device (1) sends the signal of collection to data firing box (4) by wireless signal mode；
C, data firing box (4) will gather next signal transmission and beat high in the clouds, and long-range arithmetic center accesses in fact by Internet
The remote of existing anchor pole grating monitoring data is read in real time.
3. a kind of carry stability data reading and the data operation step of the lock foot anchoring stock system of forecast function, it is characterised in that
The calculation step is：
A, monitoring data are remotely obtained：Assuming that the axle power data value of N days is obtained, using the N number of data of this group as learning sample,
Wherein preceding N-1 are input parameter, and n-th is output parameter；I.e. by the data of first N-1 days, N was predicted at the N-1 days
It data；This is considered as one group of learning sample, and so on, workpiece M group learning samples；
B, on the basis of learning sample, by reserving a cross validation dependent on sample size come adjust automatically γ and σ2This
Two parameters；
C, γ and σ is being determined2After two parameters, carry out based on study of the M learning sample to LSSVM；
D, after step c study, stress (strain) value of the known arbitrary continuation lock foot anchoring stock of N days (3) is passed through, you can after prediction
One day stress (strain) value；
E, on the basis of prediction result, warning changing value is set, if variable quantity exceeds warning value, system sends early warning, prevents calamity
Harmful generation.
4. according to claim 3 carry stability data reading and the data operation of the lock foot anchoring stock system of forecast function
Step, it is characterised in that the learning process of the LSSVM is：
The regression forecasting of LSSVM is regarded as being fitted given data with a hyperplane.For given N number of trained sample
This { xi,yi}I=1...N(wherein xi∈RnFor the training input sample of n dimensions, yi∈RnSample is exported for training), objective optimization function
For
In formula：For nuclear space mapping function；ω∈RnfFor weight vector；ek∈ R are error variance；B is biasing
Amount；γ is adjustable parameter；ykNo longer it is class label, but the y in estimation function y=f (x).For solving-optimizing function
Minimum value, first using Lagrange Multiplier Methods：
α in formulakFor Lagrange multiplier.
Local derviation is asked to formula (2)：
Last problem reduction is solution following linear equation group：
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In formula：Y=[y1...yn]；1V=[1...1]；α=[α1...αn]；
Solve above-mentioned equation group and obtain LSSVM regression functions：
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In formula：K(x,xk)=exp-| | x-xi||2/σ2(kernel function uses Radial basis kernel function).
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810035825.5A CN108005698A (en) | 2018-01-15 | 2018-01-15 | Carry stability data reading and the lock foot anchoring stock system of forecast function |
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ID=62050287
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108985587A (en) * | 2018-06-28 | 2018-12-11 | 中南大学 | A kind of Shield Tunnel in Soft Soil structural health evaluation method |
| CN111521313A (en) * | 2020-05-08 | 2020-08-11 | 东南大学 | Soil pressure box mounting device and method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5306099A (en) * | 1990-10-29 | 1994-04-26 | Caledonian Mining Company Limited | Mine tunnel support system |
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